Observations topographical, moral, & physiological made in a journey through part of the low-countries, Germany, Italy, and France with a catalogue of plants not native of England, found spontaneously growing in those parts, and their virtues / by John Ray ... ; whereunto is added a brief account of Francis Willughby, Esq., his voyage through a great part of Spain.
         Ray, John, 1627-1705.
      
       
         
           1673
        
      
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         A58175
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         98511
         
           
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             Observations topographical, moral, & physiological made in a journey through part of the low-countries, Germany, Italy, and France with a catalogue of plants not native of England, found spontaneously growing in those parts, and their virtues / by John Ray ... ; whereunto is added a brief account of Francis Willughby, Esq., his voyage through a great part of Spain.
             Ray, John, 1627-1705.
             Willughby, Francis, 1635-1672. Catalogus stirpium in exteris regionibus.
          
           [16], 499, [6], 115 p., [4] leaves of plates (some folded) : ill., port.
           
             Printed for John Martyn ...,
             London :
             1673.
          
           
             Issued in 1735 as v. 1 of: Travels through the Low-Countries.
             The "Catalogue of plants" is in Latin and has special t.p., although signatures are continuous.
             Pt. 1, p. 109 and p. 111, are taped with loss of print. Pt. 2, p. 10 has print faded and p. 91-92 are stained in filmed copy. Pt. 1, p. 110-115 and pt. 2, beginning-p. 15 and p. 78-end photographed from Cambridge University Library copy and inserted at the end.
             Errata: p. [16]
             Reproduction of original in Library of Congress.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Plants -- Catalogs.
           Europe -- Description and travel.
        
      
    
     
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               OBSERVATIONS
               TOPOGRAPHICAL
               ,
               MORAL
               ,
               &
               PHYSIOLOGICAL
               ;
               Made
               in
               a
               JOURNEY
               Through
               part
               of
               the
               LOW-COUNTRIES
               ,
               
                 Germany
                 ,
                 Italy
              
               ,
               and
               France
               :
               WITH
               A
               Catalogue
               of
               PLANTS
               not
               Native
               of
               England
               ,
               found
               Spontaneously
               growing
               in
               those
               Parts
               ,
               and
               their
               Virtues
               .
            
             
               By
               
                 JOHN
                 RAY
              
               ,
               Fellow
               of
               the
               ROYAL
               SOCIETY
               .
            
             
               Whereunto
               is
               added
               A
               brief
               Account
               of
               
                 Francis
                 Willughby
              
               
                 Esq
              
               his
               Voyage
               through
               a
               great
               part
               of
               Spain
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               :
               Printed
               for
               
                 John
                 Martyn
              
               ,
               Printer
               to
               the
               
                 Royal
                 Society
              
               ,
               at
               the
               Bell
               in
               St.
               
               Paul's
               Church-yard
               ,
               1673.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               To
               his
               Honoured
               Friend
               Philip
               Skippon
               ,
               
                 Esq
              
            
             
               
                 SIR
                 ,
              
            
             
               AFter
               the
               deplorable
               Death
               of
               that
               Reverend
               and
               Worthy
               Prelate
               ,
               John
               Lord
               Bishop
               of
               Chester
               ,
               to
               whom
               the
               Dedication
               of
               this
               Work
               was
               intended
               ,
               several
               weighty
               considerations
               induced
               me
               to
               recommend
               it
               to
               your
               
               Patronage
               .
               As
               first
               ,
               that
               I
               might
               thereby
               take
               occasion
               publicly
               to
               own
               my
               Obligations
               to
               you
               ,
               and
               profess
               my
               gratitude
               .
               2.
               
               Because
               having
               been
               much
               assisted
               in
               the
               Compiling
               thereof
               by
               your
               Notes
               and
               Communications
               ;
               you
               have
               so
               great
               interest
               in
               it
               ,
               that
               it
               's
               but
               equal
               I
               should
               present
               you
               with
               it
               .
               3.
               
               Having
               travelled
               constantly
               in
               your
               Company
               ,
               during
               my
               continuance
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               ,
               you
               are
               well
               acquainted
               with
               most
               of
               the
               particulars
               therein
               delivered
               ,
               and
               can
               attest
               the
               truth
               of
               them
               if
               any
               one
               should
               question
               or
               deny
               it
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Work
               it self
               ,
               my
               first
               design
               was
               only
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               outlandish
               
               Plants
               
                 of
                 my
                 own
                 discovering
              
               ,
               such
               as
               grew
               wild
               beyond
               Sea
               ,
               and
               were
               not
               common
               to
               us
               in
               England
               .
               The
               
                 English
                 Observations
              
               are
               but
               an
               accession
               to
               the
               Catalogue
               ,
               and
               intended
               only
               to
               help
               deliver
               the
               Press
               of
               that
               .
               Wherefore
               being
               hudled
               up
               in
               some
               haste
               ,
               upon
               a
               deliberate
               perusal
               of
               them
               I
               find
               the
               Phrase
               and
               Language
               in
               many
               places
               less
               ornate
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               scarce
               congruous
               .
               But
               my
               main
               aim
               having
               been
               to
               render
               all
               things
               perspicuous
               and
               intelligible
               (
               which
               I
               hope
               I
               have
               in
               some
               measure
               effected
               )
               I
               was
               less
               attentive
               to
               Grammatical
               and
               Euphonical
               niceties
               .
               The
               Catalogue
               I
               
               have
               had
               already
               some
               years
               by
               me
               ,
               deferring
               the
               publication
               thereof
               ,
               because
               I
               still
               entertain'd
               some
               thoughts
               of
               making
               another
               Voyage
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               ;
               and
               then
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               I
               should
               have
               augmented
               it
               by
               the
               addition
               of
               many
               Plants
               ,
               with
               their
               Virtues
               and
               uses
               .
               But
               now
               the
               Death
               of
               Friends
               and
               other
               Adversities
               that
               have
               lately
               befallen
               me
               besides
               my
               Age
               having
               cut
               off
               my
               hopes
               ,
               and
               well
               qualified
               ,
               not
               to
               say
               quite
               extinguished
               my
               desires
               of
               further
               Travelling
               ,
               I
               have
               ventured
               it
               abroad
               as
               it
               is
               ,
               and
               submit
               it
               to
               the
               censure
               of
               the
               Judicious
               and
               Candid
               Reader
               .
               If
               either
               Catalogue
               or
               Observations
               
               prove
               any
               ways
               useful
               to
               the
               Public
               ,
               by
               affording
               matter
               of
               Information
               ,
               or
               if
               nothing
               else
               innocent
               Diversion
               to
               those
               that
               abound
               with
               leisure
               ,
               and
               might
               perhaps
               bestow
               their
               time
               worse
               ,
               I
               have
               what
               I
               desire
               ,
               and
               as
               much
               as
               I
               can
               reasonably
               expect
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               detein
               you
               no
               longer
               ,
               I
               am
               not
               so
               ignorant
               of
               my
               own
               Abilities
               ,
               or
               so
               well
               conceited
               of
               any
               Composition
               or
               Performance
               of
               mine
               ,
               as
               to
               think
               I
               shall
               do
               you
               any
               Honour
               by
               this
               Dedication
               ;
               I
               rather
               hope
               your
               Name
               prefixed
               will
               gain
               Reputation
               to
               my
               Book
               and
               procure
               it
               acceptance
               in
               the
               World.
               Be
               
               pleased
               therefore
               to
               behold
               and
               receive
               it
               ,
               according
               to
               my
               intention
               before
               intimated
               ,
               as
               a
               token
               and
               expression
               only
               of
               the
               respect
               and
               gratitude
               of
            
             
               
                 SIR
                 ,
              
               
                 Your
                 much
                 Obliged
                 Servant
                 JOHN
                 RAY
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               PREFACE
               .
            
             
               WHen
               I
               had
               Travelled
               over
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               England
               in
               search
               of
               Plants
               ,
               and
               sufficiently
               informed
               my self
               what
               sorts
               my
               own
               Countrey
               naturally
               produced
               ;
               I
               grew
               desirous
               to
               see
               what
               Varieties
               Foreign
               Countries
               of
               a
               different
               Soil
               and
               Temperature
               of
               Air
               might
               afford
               .
               For
               which
               reason
               I
               was
               easily
               induced
               to
               accompany
               
                 Francis
                 Willughby
              
               Esquire
               ,
               
                 Philip
                 Skippon
              
               Esquire
               and
               
                 Nathanael
                 Bacon
              
               Gent.
               in
               a
               Voyage
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               .
               The
               success
               whereof
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               number
               of
               Plants
               found
               ,
               exceeding
               my
               expectation
               (
               notwithstanding
               the
               shortness
               of
               our
               stay
               in
               most
               places
               gave
               
               me
               not
               leave
               to
               make
               an
               exact
               scrutiny
               )
               I
               thought
               it
               might
               not
               be
               amiss
               for
               the
               satisfaction
               of
               the
               curious
               ,
               and
               direction
               of
               those
               who
               may
               heerafter
               travel
               the
               same
               places
               with
               like
               design
               ,
               to
               publish
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               all
               not
               native
               of
               England
               that
               I
               had
               observed
               .
               But
               considering
               the
               paucity
               of
               those
               who
               delight
               in
               studies
               and
               enquiries
               of
               this
               nature
               ,
               to
               advantage
               the
               Catalogue
               I
               have
               added
               thereto
               a
               brief
               Narrative
               of
               our
               whole
               Voyage
               ,
               with
               some
               
                 Observations
                 Topographical
                 ,
                 Moral
                 and
                 Natural
                 ,
              
               made
               by
               my self
               and
               the
               forementioned
               Gentlemen
               .
               I
               shall
               say
               nothing
               to
               recommend
               them
               ,
               but
               only
               that
               what
               I
               write
               as
               of
               mine
               own
               knowledge
               is
               punctually
               and
               in
               all
               circumstances
               true
               ,
               at
               least
               according
               to
               my
               apprehension
               and
               judgment
               ,
               I
               not
               giving
               my self
               that
               liberty
               which
               many
               Travellers
               are
               wont
               to
               take
               ,
               and
               the
               common
               Proverb
               seems
               to
               allow
               them
               .
               And
               for
               what
               I
               write
               from
               the
               Relation
               of
               
               others
               ,
               though
               I
               will
               not
               warrant
               it
               for
               certain
               ,
               yet
               to
               me
               it
               seemed
               most
               likely
               and
               probable
               .
               What
               Birds
               ,
               Beasts
               ,
               Fishes
               and
               Insects
               I
               observed
               abroad
               ,
               whether
               common
               to
               us
               in
               England
               ,
               or
               peculiar
               to
               other
               Countries
               ,
               I
               have
               forborn
               to
               set
               down
               ,
               because
               the
               taking
               notice
               and
               describing
               of
               them
               was
               the
               particular
               design
               and
               business
               of
               that
               excellent
               person
               Mr.
               
                 Francis
                 Willughby
              
               lately
               deceased
               ;
               and
               he
               having
               prepared
               store
               of
               materials
               for
               a
               History
               of
               Animals
               ,
               and
               likewise
               digested
               them
               into
               a
               convenient
               method
               ,
               that
               work
               (
               if
               God
               grant
               leisure
               and
               ability
               to
               bring
               it
               to
               due
               perfection
               )
               is
               intended
               to
               be
               made
               public
               ,
               and
               the
               Reader
               may
               there
               find
               what
               is
               heer
               omitted
               .
            
             
               I
               might
               have
               been
               more
               large
               concerning
               France
               but
               that
               we
               were
               frustrated
               in
               our
               design
               of
               making
               
                 Grand
                 tour
              
               (
               as
               they
               there
               call
               it
               )
               being
               driven
               out
               thence
               by
               the
               
                 Fr.
                 Kings
              
               Declaration
               ,
               commanding
               all
               the
               English
               to
               withdraw
               themselves
               and
               
               their
               effects
               out
               of
               his
               Dominions
               within
               two
               months
               time
               .
               And
               yet
               that
               Country
               being
               near
               us
               ,
               much
               travelled
               by
               and
               well
               known
               to
               those
               of
               our
               Nation
               ,
               and
               there
               being
               many
               Itineraries
               and
               Descriptions
               of
               it
               extant
               in
               Print
               ,
               I
               thought
               it
               less
               needful
               to
               write
               much
               concerning
               it
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Spain
               ,
               it
               being
               a
               Countrey
               out
               of
               the
               ordinary
               road
               of
               Travellers
               ,
               and
               those
               that
               have
               viewed
               it
               gi●●ng
               others
               little
               encouragement
               to
               follow
               their
               example
               ,
               but
               rather
               condemning
               themselves
               for
               their
               curiosity
               ,
               as
               having
               found
               nothing
               there
               which
               might
               answer
               their
               trouble
               and
               expence
               ,
               that
               the
               Reader
               may
               know
               something
               of
               it
               without
               the
               hazard
               and
               charge
               of
               travelling
               it
               ,
               I
               have
               added
               by
               way
               of
               Appendix
               a
               short
               account
               of
               Mr.
               Francis
               Willughby's
               Voyage
               through
               a
               great
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               collected
               out
               of
               his
               notes
               ;
               which
               had
               he
               himself
               published
               he
               would
               doubtless
               have
               enriched
               with
               more
               Observations
               ,
               and
               cloathed
               with
               better
               Language
               .
            
             
             
               Now
               whereas
               in
               the
               Narrative
               ,
               discoursing
               concerning
               the
               petrification
               of
               Shells
               ,
               Fish-bones
               ,
               &c.
               
               I
               have
               delivered
               as
               my
               opinion
               or
               conjecture
               ,
               that
               those
               bodies
               ,
               which
               are
               commonly
               known
               in
               England
               by
               the
               names
               of
               Star-Stones
               and
               
                 S.
                 Cutberts
                 Beads
              
               ,
               were
               nothing
               else
               but
               the
               spines
               and
               tail-bones
               of
               some
               Fishes
               ,
               I
               must
               own
               my self
               to
               have
               been
               therein
               mistaken
               .
               For
               my
               learned
               and
               ingenious
               Friend
               Mr.
               
                 Martin
                 Lister
              
               hath
               lately
               advised
               me
               ,
               that
               he
               hath
               found
               of
               them
               ramose
               and
               branched
               like
               trees
               :
               which
               doth
               sufficiently
               evince
               they
               were
               not
               of
               that
               original
               I
               supposed
               .
               Wherefore
               unless
               we
               will
               grant
               them
               to
               be
               primary
               and
               immediate
               productions
               of
               Nature
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               in
               the
               form
               of
               stones
               ;
               we
               must
               embrace
               Mr.
               
               Hook's
               opinion
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               the
               roots
               of
               some
               Plants
               ;
               though
               I
               confess
               I
               never
               as
               yet
               saw
               any
               Roots
               or
               Branches
               shaped
               and
               joynted
               in
               that
               manner
               .
               Possibly
               there
               may
               be
               or
               have
               been
               such
               kind
               of
               submarine
               
               Plants
               or
               Roots
               which
               have
               hitherto
               escaped
               my
               knowledge
               .
               For
               that
               the
               parts
               not
               only
               of
               Trees
               but
               also
               of
               Herbs
               themselves
               may
               sometimes
               petrifie
               ,
               the
               stalks
               of
               Equisetum
               which
               we
               gathered
               up
               on
               the
               banks
               of
               the
               River
               Tanaro
               in
               Piemont
               do
               abundantly
               convince
               and
               satisfie
               me
               .
               And
               this
               is
               all
               that
               I
               thought
               needful
               to
               acquaint
               the
               Reader
               with
               by
               way
               of
               Preface
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               ERRATA
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 the
                 Observations
                 .
              
               
                 PAge
                 210
                 ,
                 line
                 31
                 lege
                 ,
                 extraordinariam
                 ,
                 p.
                 214
                 l.
                 32.
                 mutis
                 ,
                 p.
                 215.
                 l.
                 26.
                 
                 Abano
                 ,
                 l.
                 20
                 Abano
                 ,
                 p.
                 218.
                 l.
                 17.
                 temperandum
                 ,
                 p.
                 220.
                 l.
                 35.
                 far
                 ,
                 p.
                 222.
                 l.
                 13.
                 
                 Montferrat
                 ,
                 p.
                 223.
                 l.
                 22.
                 adde
                 us
                 ,
                 p.
                 235.
                 l.
                 8.
                 
                   ripis
                   Rheni
                   Bononiensis
                
                 ,
                 l.
                 25.
                 propè
                 ,
                 p.
                 244.
                 l.
                 35.
                 
                 Castella●●
                 ,
                 p.
                 249.
                 l.
                 22.
                 
                 Counties
                 ,
                 p.
                 256.
                 l.
                 37.
                 
                 Globularia
                 ,
                 p.
                 257.
                 l.
                 23.
                 disjoyned
                 ,
                 p.
                 263.
                 l.
                 7.
                 the
                 word
                 [
                 being
                 ]
                 is
                 omitttd
                 ,
                 p.
                 267.
                 l.
                 24.
                 
                 Neopolitans
                 ,
                 p.
                 276.
                 l.
                 22.
                 dele
                 upon
                 ,
                 p.
                 277.
                 l.
                 1.
                 
                 Neopolitana
                 ,
                 l.
                 33.
                 
                 Neopolitano
                 ,
                 p.
                 280.
                 l.
                 24.
                 vulgari
                 ,
                 p.
                 282.
                 l.
                 33.
                 
                 Messan
                 ,
                 p.
                 285.
                 l.
                 10.
                 dele
                 are
                 ,
                 p.
                 287.
                 l.
                 34.
                 
                 Medica
                 ,
                 p.
                 303.
                 l.
                 20.
                 
                 Seniour
                 ,
                 p.
                 315.
                 l.
                 34.
                 inne
                 ,
                 p.
                 316.
                 l.
                 27.
                 one
                 ,
                 p.
                 318.
                 l.
                 25.
                 wild
                 ,
                 p.
                 343.
                 l.
                 35.
                 
                 Bols
                 ,
                 p.
                 414.
                 l.
                 6.
                 
                   di
                   Dio
                
                 ,
                 p.
                 415.
                 l.
                 20.
                 hath
                 ,
                 p.
                 416.
                 l.
                 2.
                 vessels
                 ,
                 p.
                 418.
                 l.
                 30.
                 to
                 is
                 omitted
                 ,
                 p.
                 422.
                 l.
                 16.
                 
                 Friburg
                 ,
                 p.
                 432.
                 l.
                 11.
                 
                 Versoy
                 ,
                 p.
                 439.
                 l.
                 30.
                 laevi
                 ,
                 p.
                 446.
                 l.
                 25.
                 
                 Sanicula
                 ,
                 p.
                 450.
                 l.
                 2.
                 
                 Characias
                 ,
                 ib.
                 l.
                 21.
                 
                 Frontignana
                 ,
                 p.
                 454.
                 l.
                 16.
                 30.
                 p.
                 480.
                 l.
                 4.
                 bad
                 ,
                 p.
                 484.
                 l.
                 37.
                 devotissimus
                 ,
                 p.
                 486
                 ,
                 l.
                 33.
                 las
                 ,
                 p.
                 489.
                 l.
                 5.
                 the.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 Catalogo
                 .
              
               
                 PAge
                 1.
                 line
                 37.
                 leptophyllos
                 ,
                 p.
                 3.
                 l
                 27.
                 
                   fontaine
                   que
                   brusle
                
                 ,
                 ib.
                 l.
                 32.
                 
                 Ocymi
                 ,
                 p.
                 10
                 ,
                 l.
                 8.
                 sterilioribus
                 ,
                 p.
                 18.
                 l.
                 4.
                 maritima
                 ,
                 p.
                 30.
                 l.
                 14.
                 racemosum
                 ,
                 p.
                 32.
                 l.
                 40.
                 accensusque
                 ,
                 p.
                 46.
                 l.
                 33.
                 
                 Dioscoridis
                 ,
                 p.
                 47.
                 l.
                 33.
                 purpurea
                 ,
                 p.
                 56.
                 l.
                 8.
                 pro
                 ejus
                 scribe
                 radicis
                 ,
                 p.
                 83.
                 l.
                 39.
                 dele
                 garis
                 ,
                 p.
                 85.
                 l.
                 13.
                 ossiculis
                 ,
                 p.
                 86.
                 l.
                 19.
                 nigricans
                 ,
                 p.
                 8●
                 .
                 l.
                 35.
                 
                 Pulmonaria
                 ,
                 p.
                 97.
                 l.
                 17.
                 
                 Zanclaeum
                 ,
                 p.
                 101.
                 l.
                 23.
                 dele
                 
                   tris
                   .
                   Errata
                   leviora
                   in
                   punctis
                   &
                   literulis
                   quae
                   nec
                   sensum
                   pervertunt
                   ,
                   obscurúmve
                   ,
                   aut
                   ancipitem
                   reddunt
                   ,
                   nec
                   in
                   errores
                   orthographicós
                   aliosve
                   ,
                   lectores
                   minùs
                   peritos
                   inducere
                   apta
                   sunt
                   ,
                   verùm
                   unicuiquè
                   non
                   prorsus
                
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 
                   manifesta
                   ,
                   Lectori
                   benevelo
                   vel
                   condonanda
                   vel
                   emendanda
                   permissimus
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               OBSERVATIONS
               Topographical
               ,
               Moral
               and
               Physiological
               ,
               Made
               in
               a
               JOURNEY
               Through
               Part
               of
               the
               Low-Countries
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
                 GATES
                 FOR
                 A
                 LOCK
                 TO
                 KEEP
                 UP
                 THE
                 WATER
                 OF
                 ANY
                 RIVER
                 FOR
                 THE
                 VSE
                 OF
                 NAVIGATION
                 ETC.
                 
              
            
             
               The
               fourth
               by
               some
               esteemed
               the
               fifth
               Port
               Town
               of
               Flanders
               which
               hath
               the
               largest
               and
               most
               capacious
               Harbour
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               
               
                 viz.
                 Sluys
              
               ,
               subject
               to
               the
               States
               of
               the
               United
               Provinces
               ,
               we
               saw
               not
               .
            
             
               April
               24.
               
               We
               took
               places
               in
               the
               Passage-Boat
               for
               Bruges
               ,
               and
               at
               a
               League
               and
               halfs
               end
               came
               to
               a
               Lock
               or
               Sluce
               ,
               where
               we
               shifted
               our
               Boat.
               These
               Locks
               or
               Sostegni
               (
               as
               the
               Italians
               significantly
               call
               them
               )
               are
               usually
               placed
               at
               a
               great
               Declivity
               of
               any
               Cha●el
               or
               Fall
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               serve
               to
               sustain
               or
               keep
               up
               the
               Water
               ,
               (
               as
               the
               Italian
               Name
               imports
               )
               to
               make
               a
               River
               navigable
               which
               either
               wants
               Water
               or
               hath
               too
               s●eep
               a
               Descent
               .
               There
               are
               of
               them
               in
               England
               (
               as
               we
               have
               been
               informed
               )
               upon
               Guildford
               River
               in
               Surrey
               ,
               and
               have
               been
               formerly
               upon
               the
               Trent
               .
               They
               are
               usually
               thus
               contrived
               ,
               First
               ,
               there
               are
               placed
               a
               pair
               of
               Folding-doors
               or
               Flood-gates
               cross
               the
               Chanel
               to
               stop
               the
               water
               descending
               :
               Then
               ,
               a
               competent
               space
               being
               left
               to
               receive
               Boats
               and
               Lighters
               ,
               &c.
               another
               single
               Gate
               :
               In
               each
               of
               these
               Gates
               ,
               toward
               the
               bottom
               ,
               is
               made
               a
               Hole
               or
               Window
               sitted
               with
               a
               convenient
               Shut
               or
               Wicket
               (
               Portello
               
               the
               Italians
               call
               it
               )
               to
               open
               and
               shut
               as
               occasion
               requires
               .
               When
               a
               Vessel
               comes
               down
               stream
               to
               the
               Sostegno
               ,
               first
               they
               open
               the
               Portello
               of
               the
               foremost
               Gates
               and
               let
               the
               Water
               into
               the
               inclosed
               space
               ,
               which
               will
               necessarily
               rise
               there
               till
               it
               come
               to
               be
               equal
               with
               the
               Level
               of
               that
               above
               the
               Gates
               ;
               then
               they
               shut
               the
               Portello
               ,
               and
               the
               Stream
               making
               no
               resistance
               ,
               easily
               draw
               back
               the
               Gates
               ,
               and
               receive
               in
               the
               Boat.
               Which
               done
               ,
               they
               open
               the
               Portello
               of
               the
               lower
               Gates
               ,
               whereupon
               the
               Stream
               above
               presently
               drives
               to
               and
               keeps
               fast
               the
               foremost
               Gates
               ,
               and
               the
               Water
               in
               the
               enclosed
               space
               sinks
               till
               it
               be
               even
               with
               that
               in
               the
               Chanel
               below
               ;
               and
               then
               they
               open
               the
               Gate
               itself
               and
               let
               the
               Boat
               out
               .
               When
               a
               Boat
               goes
               up
               Stream
               ,
               they
               first
               open
               the
               lowermost
               Gate
               ,
               and
               receive
               it
               into
               the
               middle
               or
               enclosed
               space
               ,
               then
               withdraw
               or
               set
               open
               the
               Portello
               in
               the
               uppermost
               Gates
               ,
               letting
               in
               the
               water
               till
               it
               come
               to
               be
               equal
               with
               the
               level
               of
               that
               above
               the
               Gates
               ,
               and
               lastly
               draw
               back
               the
               Gates
               themselves
               and
               let
               out
               the
               Boat.
               
                 N.
                 B.
              
               That
               both
               upper
               and
               lower
               Gates
               open
               against
               the
               Stream
               ,
               and
               are
               driven
               to
               and
               kept
               shut
               by
               it
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Leaves
               of
               the
               upper
               Gates
               lie
               not
               in
               the
               same
               plain
               when
               shut
               ,
               but
               make
               an
               obtuse
               Angle
               ,
               the
               better
               to
               resist
               the
               force
               of
               the
               Water
               .
            
             
               
                 THE
                 FIGVRE
                 OF
                 THE
                 GATES
                 AS
                 WELL
                 OF
                 THE
                 INSIDE
                 OF
                 THEM
                 AS
                 THE
                 OVT
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 An
                 Engine
                 to
                 raise
                 water
                 a
                 chain
                 of
                 Buckets
                 ,
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 Kirchers
                 MVNDVS
                 SVBTERRANEVS
              
            
             
               Near
               this
               City
               (
               as
               
                 Boetius
                 de
                 Boot
              
               ,
               who
               was
               Native
               thereof
               relates
               )
               digging
               ten
               or
               twenty
               Ells
               deep
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               they
               find
               whole
               Woods
               of
               Trees
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               Trunks
               ,
               Boughs
               and
               Leaves
               do
               so
               exactly
               appear
               ,
               that
               one
               may
               easily
               distinguish
               the
               several
               kinds
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               very
               plainly
               discern
               the
               Series
               of
               Leaves
               which
               have
               fallen
               yearly
               .
               These
               subterraneous
               Woods
               are
               found
               in
               those
               places
               which
               500
               years
               ago
               were
               Sea
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               either
               left
               and
               thrown
               up
               by
               the
               Sea
               ,
               or
               gained
               from
               it
               ,
               the
               Tides
               being
               kept
               off
               by
               Walls
               and
               Fences
               .
               But
               before
               the
               fore-mentioned
               term
               of
               500
               years
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               memory
               that
               these
               places
               were
               part
               of
               the
               Continent
               .
               And
               yet
               seeing
               the
               tops
               of
               these
               Trees
               do
               for
               the
               most
               part
               lie
               Eastward
               ,
               because
               (
               as
               is
               probable
               )
               they
               were
               thrown
               down
               by
               Western
               Winds
               ,
               which
               on
               this
               Coast
               are
               most
               boisterous
               and
               violent
               ,
               it
               will
               necessarily
               follow
               that
               in
               the
               most
               antient
               times
               and
               before
               all
               memory
               of
               man
               ,
               these
               places
               were
               Firm
               Land
               ,
               and
               without
               the
               limits
               of
               the
               Sea.
               
            
             
               The
               Describer
               of
               Amsterdam
               tells
               us
               ,
               that
               in
               Friesfland
               and
               Groningland
               ,
               there
               are
               great
               numbers
               of
               these
               under-ground
               Trees
               found
               and
               digged
               up
               in
               Mosses
               and
               fenny
               Grounds
               where
               they
               dig
               for
               Turves
               .
               In
               E●gland
               also
               there
               are
               found
               of
               them
               plentifully
               in
               many
               places
               ,
               the
               Wood
               whereof
               
               they
               usually
               call
               Moss-Wood
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               for
               the
               most
               part
               digged
               up
               in
               the
               Mosses
               or
               moorish
               boggy
               Fens
               and
               Levels
               where
               they
               get
               Turves
               ;
               though
               sometimes
               it
               be
               found
               in
               firmer
               Grounds
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               in
               the
               sides
               of
               Mountains
               .
               The
               Question
               is
               ,
               How
               these
               Trees
               came
               to
               be
               buried
               so
               deep
               under
               ground
               ?
               To
               which
               we
               may
               probably
               answer
               ,
               that
               many
               Ages
               ago
               before
               all
               Records
               of
               Antiquity
               ,
               yea
               before
               primitive
               Fame
               or
               Tradition
               itself
               ,
               these
               places
               were
               part
               of
               the
               firm
               Land
               ,
               and
               covered
               with
               Wood
               ;
               afterwards
               being
               undermined
               and
               overwhelmed
               by
               the
               violence
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               they
               continued
               so
               long
               under
               water
               ,
               till
               the
               Rivers
               brought
               down
               Earth
               and
               Mud
               enough
               to
               cover
               the
               Trees
               ,
               fill
               up
               these
               Shallows
               ,
               and
               restore
               them
               to
               the
               firm
               Land
               again
               .
               In
               like
               manner
               upon
               the
               Coast
               of
               Suffolk
               about
               Dunwich
               ,
               the
               Sea
               doth
               now
               and
               hath
               for
               many
               years
               past
               very
               much
               encroached
               upon
               the
               Land
               ,
               undermining
               and
               overwhelming
               by
               degrees
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               high
               ground
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               antient
               Writings
               make
               mention
               of
               a
               Wood
               a
               mile
               and
               half
               to
               the
               East
               of
               Dunwich
               ,
               which
               is
               at
               present
               so
               far
               within
               the
               Sea.
               Now
               if
               in
               succeeding
               Ages
               (
               as
               likely
               enough
               it
               is
               )
               the
               Sea
               shall
               by
               degrees
               be
               filled
               up
               ,
               either
               by
               its
               own
               working
               ,
               or
               by
               Earth
               brought
               down
               by
               Land-Floods
               still
               subsiding
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               and
               growing
               up
               over
               the
               tops
               of
               these
               Trees
               ,
               and
               so
               this
               space
               again
               added
               to
               the
               firm
               Land
               ;
               the
               men
               that
               shall
               then
               live
               in
               those
               parts
               (
               if
               the
               World
               so
               long
               last
               )
               will
               ,
               it
               's
               likely
               ,
               dig
               up
               these
               Trees
               ,
               and
               as
               much
               wonder
               how
               they
               came
               there
               ,
               as
               we
               do
               at
               the
               present
               Moss-Wood
               .
            
             
               And
               now
               that
               I
               am
               speaking
               of
               filling
               up
               and
               atterrating
               (
               to
               borrow
               that
               word
               of
               the
               Italians
               )
               the
               Skirts
               and
               Borders
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               I
               shall
               take
               leave
               to
               add
               by
               the
               by
               ,
               that
               to
               me
               it
               seems
               very
               probable
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               Low-Countries
               have
               been
               in
               this
               manner
               gained
               from
               the
               Sea.
               For
               Varenius
               in
               his
               Geography
               
               tells
               us
               ,
               That
               sinking
               Well
               in
               Amsterdam
               ,
               at
               near
               an
               hundred
               foot
               depth
               they
               met
               with
               a
               Bed
               or
               Floor
               of
               Sand
               and
               Cockle-shells
               ,
               whence
               it
               is
               evident
               that
               of
               old
               time
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Sea
               lay
               so
               deep
               ,
               and
               that
               that
               hundred
               foot
               thickness
               of
               Faith
               above
               the
               Sand
               arose
               from
               the
               Sediments
               of
               the
               Waters
               of
               those
               great
               Rivers
               ,
               which
               there
               emptied
               themselves
               into
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               in
               times
               of
               Floods
               brought
               down
               with
               them
               abundance
               of
               Earth
               from
               the
               upper
               Grounds
               :
               Which
               yet
               is
               a
               strange
               thing
               ,
               considering
               the
               novity
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               the
               Age
               whereof
               according
               to
               the
               usual
               Account
               is
               not
               yet
               5600
               years
               .
               That
               the
               Rain
               doth
               continually
               wash
               down
               Earth
               from
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               atterrate
               or
               add
               part
               of
               the
               Sea
               to
               the
               firm
               Land
               ,
               is
               manifest
               from
               the
               Lagune
               or
               Flats
               about
               Venice
               ;
               the
               C●amdrg
               or
               Isle
               of
               the
               River
               Rhosue
               about
               Aix
               in
               Provence
               ,
               in
               which
               we
               were
               told
               that
               the
               Watch-Tower
               had
               in
               the
               memory
               of
               some
               men
               been
               removed
               forward
               three
               times
               ,
               so
               much
               had
               been
               there
               gained
               from
               the
               Sea
               ;
               and
               many
               places
               in
               our
               own
               Land
               :
               only
               it
               is
               a
               received
               Tradition
               ,
               and
               may
               perhaps
               be
               true
               ,
               that
               what
               the
               Sea
               loses
               in
               one
               place
               ,
               it
               gets
               in
               another
               .
               That
               the
               height
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               at
               least
               those
               which
               consist
               not
               of
               firm
               rocks
               ,
               doth
               continually
               diminish
               ,
               is
               I
               think
               very
               likely
               ,
               not
               to
               say
               certain
               .
               I
               have
               been
               credibly
               informed
               ,
               that
               whereas
               the
               Steeple
               of
               Craich
               in
               the
               
                 Peak
                 of
                 Derbyshire
              
               in
               the
               memory
               of
               some
               old
               men
               yet
               living
               could
               not
               have
               been
               seen
               from
               a
               certain
               Hill
               lying
               between
               Hopton
               and
               Wirksworth
               ,
               now
               not
               only
               the
               Steeple
               ,
               but
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Church
               may
               from
               thence
               be
               seen
               :
               Which
               without
               doubt
               comes
               to
               pass
               by
               the
               sinking
               of
               a
               Hill
               between
               the
               Church
               and
               place
               of
               View
               .
               Hence
               it
               would
               follow
               ,
               that
               in
               process
               ,
               of
               time
               (
               but
               it
               would
               be
               many
               thousands
               of
               years
               first
               )
               all
               the
               Hills
               and
               Mountains
               (
               except
               the
               rocky
               )
               would
               by
               Floods
               and
               Shots
               of
               Rain
               be
               quite
               washed
               away
               and
               the
               whole
               Earth
               levelled
               .
            
             
             
               But
               to
               return
               to
               the
               Trees
               :
               One
               material
               Exception
               against
               our
               Solution
               still
               remains
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               ,
               that
               a
               great
               many
               of
               these
               subterraneous
               Trees
               dig'd
               up
               in
               England
               are
               thought
               to
               be
               Firs
               ,
               whereas
               that
               kind
               of
               Tree
               doth
               not
               at
               present
               ,
               and
               consequently
               we
               have
               reason
               to
               believe
               never
               did
               ,
               grow
               wild
               in
               this
               Kingdom
               .
               To
               which
               I
               answer
               ,
               that
               this
               Exception
               would
               indeed
               much
               puzzle
               me
               ,
               were
               it
               certain
               and
               manifest
               ,
               that
               this
               is
               Fir-Wood
               ,
               which
               is
               so
               generally
               reputed
               from
               its
               Grain
               ,
               Inflammability
               and
               other
               Qualities
               .
               But
               since
               it
               doth
               not
               clearly
               appear
               to
               me
               so
               to
               be
               ,
               I
               shall
               respite
               my
               Answer
               ,
               till
               I
               be
               fully
               satisfied
               concerning
               it
               .
            
             
               From
               
                 Bruges
                 ,
                 April
              
               27.
               
               We
               went
               be
               Boat
               to
               Gau●t
               ,
               
               the
               greatest
               City
               of
               Flanders
               ;
               whence
               the
               Emperour
               
                 Charles
                 V.
              
               who
               was
               born
               here
               ,
               was
               wont
               to
               boast
               ,
               that
               he
               could
               put
               Paris
               into
               his
               Gane
               ;
               in
               which
               word
               there
               is
               an
               Equivoque
               ,
               Gane
               in
               French
               signifying
               a
               Glove
               .
               Yet
               is
               the
               Wall
               too
               great
               for
               the
               Buildings
               ,
               enclosing
               much
               void
               ground
               .
               In
               this
               City
               as
               in
               Bruges
               ,
               are
               7
               Parish
               Churches
               ,
               and
               according
               to
               Golu●●x
               ,
               about
               55
               Religious
               Houses
               .
               We
               ascended
               the
               Tower
               called
               Bellefort
               about
               four
               hundred
               Steps
               high
               ,
               and
               saw
               the
               famous
               Bell
               call●d
               Roland
               ,
               not
               so
               great
               as
               we
               imagined
               .
               This
               City
               is
               well
               built
               ,
               well
               wall'd
               and
               trench'd
               about
               ,
               and
               the
               Inhabitants
               to
               us
               seemed
               very
               bus●e
               and
               industrious
               .
            
             
               From
               
                 Gaunt
                 ,
                 April
              
               30.
               we
               travelled
               to
               Brussels
               ,
               about
               thirty
               English
               Miles
               distant
               ,
               passing
               through
               Aolst
               ,
               
               a
               fortified
               Town
               of
               some
               note
               .
            
             
               Brussels
               is
               the
               capital
               City
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               
               where
               the
               Spanish
               Governour
               of
               these
               Provinces
               ,
               who
               was
               then
               the
               Marquess
               of
               Caracene
               ,
               usually
               resides
               .
               It
               is
               well
               built
               ,
               large
               and
               populous
               .
               The
               Streets
               are
               broad
               ;
               the
               Stadt-house
               a
               fair
               and
               uniform
               Building
               .
               The
               Common
               People
               here
               ,
               and
               also
               at
               
                 Antwerp
                 ,
                 
                 Lovain
                 ,
                 Mechlin
                 ,
              
               and
               other
               Cities
               of
               Brabant
               ,
               (
               as
               hath
               been
               noted
               by
               others
               )
               make
               use
               of
               Dogs
               to
               draw
               little
               Carts
               and
               Wheel-Barrows
               laden
               with
               Commodities
               about
               the
               Streets
               .
               But
               for
               the
               Advantage
               they
               make
               of
               them
               ,
               setting
               aside
               the
               maintaining
               of
               an
               old
               Custom
               ,
               I
               think
               they
               might
               as
               well
               employ
               their
               own
               Arms
               and
               Shoulders
               .
               In
               the
               Gallery
               by
               the
               Riding
               -
               place
               ,
               is
               an
               Echo
               ,
               which
               reflects
               the
               Voice
               fifteen
               times
               as
               we
               were
               assured
               :
               We
               observed
               about
               ten
               distinct
               Reflections
               ,
               the
               Wind
               hindering
               us
               as
               to
               the
               rest
               .
               At
               this
               time
               it
               happened
               
                 Ludovicus
                 de
                 Bills
              
               to
               be
               in
               Town
               ,
               whom
               we
               visited
               and
               saw
               five
               Bodies
               which
               he
               had
               with
               him
               ,
               embalmed
               and
               preserved
               after
               his
               newly
               invented
               manner
               ,
               entire
               with
               all
               their
               Entrails
               and
               Bowels
               .
               He
               was
               then
               going
               to
               the
               University
               of
               Lovain
               ,
               with
               whom
               he
               had
               made
               an
               agreement
               for
               Discovery
               of
               his
               Art
               and
               reading
               publick
               Anatomy
               Lectures
               .
            
             
               Our
               next
               remove
               (
               May
               2.
               )
               was
               to
               Lovain
               ,
               
               a
               large
               City
               ,
               but
               neither
               well
               built
               nor
               well
               kept
               ,
               only
               the
               Stadt-house
               is
               a
               stately
               Structure
               ,
               and
               makes
               a
               fair
               show
               at
               a
               distance
               .
               The
               Wall
               is
               of
               great
               extent
               ,
               more
               in
               Circuit
               than
               that
               of
               Gannt
               by
               three
               Rods
               ,
               taking
               in
               much
               void
               ground
               .
               The
               Colleges
               are
               in
               number
               43
               ,
               the
               Names
               whereof
               together
               with
               their
               Founders
               are
               exhibited
               in
               the
               ensuing
               Catalogue
               which
               we
               there
               found
               published
               in
               Print
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       Almae
                       Vniversitatis
                       Lovaniensis
                       Collegia
                       ac
                       Paedagogia
                       Anno
                       Salutis
                       M.
                       D-C.LIV
                       .
                       enumerata
                       .
                    
                     
                       Magnum
                       sive
                       
                         Majus
                         Theologicum
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       via
                       quam
                       
                       Praepositi
                       vocant
                       ,
                       omnium
                       Academiae
                       Collegiorum
                       primum
                       maximúmque
                       est
                       ;
                       erectum
                       in
                       honorem
                       S.
                       Spiritûs
                       ,
                       Anno
                       Dom.
                       1442.
                       
                       Vniversitatis
                       deeimo-sexto
                       ,
                       per
                       Ludovicum
                       Ryckium
                       ,
                       Patricium
                       Lovaniensem
                       ,
                       a●
                       Principum
                       Brabantiae
                       quaestorem
                       :
                       quod
                       ex
                       tennibus
                       exordiis
                       (
                       ut
                       pleraque
                       alia
                       )
                       variorum
                       donationibus
                       itoae
                       excrevit
                       ,
                       ut
                       in
                       aliud
                       eidem
                       adhaerens
                       ,
                       quod
                       hujus
                       comparatione
                       Minus
                       dicitur
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1562.
                       divisum
                       fuerit
                       .
                       
                       Mirum
                       quam
                    
                     
                       
                         —
                         Humili
                         ,
                         eorùm
                         faelicibus
                         ,
                         ortu
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Creverit
                         auspiciis
                         Academia
                         magna
                         LovanI
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Juris
                         Utriusque
                      
                       vulgò
                       Baccalaureorum
                       ,
                       S.
                       Ivoni
                       dieatum
                       ,
                       
                       in
                       viae
                       nova
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1483.
                       per
                       Robertum
                       à
                       Lacu
                       Gandensem
                       inchoatum
                       ,
                       ac
                       ab
                       aliis
                       auctum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         S.
                         Donatiani
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Felinâ
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1484.
                       
                       Juris
                       utriusque
                       
                       studiosis
                       fundatum
                       ,
                       ita
                       dictum
                       ,
                       quia
                       Primus
                       Fundator
                       Antonius
                       Haveron
                       ,
                       decretorum
                       Doctor
                       ,
                       &
                       Maximiliani
                       I.
                       Consilarius
                       ,
                       Praepositus
                       ,
                       fuit
                       ad
                       S.
                       Donatiani
                       Brugis
                       :
                       Praecipuum
                       agnoscit
                       fautorem
                       Joannem
                       Caro●deletum
                       ,
                       ibidem
                       Praepositum
                       ,
                       atque
                       Archiepiscopum
                       Panormitanum
                       .
                    
                     
                       Standonicum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Proetoriâ
                       ,
                       à
                       Joanne
                       Stancdonck
                       ,
                       
                       Mechliniensi
                       ,
                       Doctore
                       Sorbonico
                       ,
                       (
                       qui
                       &
                       alias
                       pauperum
                       scholarium
                       demos
                       Parisiis
                       ,
                       Cameraci
                       ,
                       Valencenis
                       
                       &
                       Mechliniae
                       condidit
                       )
                       in
                       magnum
                       Ecclesiae
                       bonum
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1490.
                       pauperibus
                       fundatum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Atrebatense
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praepositi
                       ,
                       à
                       Nicolao
                       Rutherio
                       ,
                       patriâ
                       Luxemburgensi
                       ,
                       &
                       Atrebotiorum
                       Episcopo
                       ,
                       magnificâ
                       domo
                       atque
                       opimâ
                       dote
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1505.
                       in
                       honorem
                       S.
                       Nicol●i
                       inchoa●um
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Winkelianum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       cavâ
                       ,
                       auctorem
                       agnoscit
                       ab
                       Anno
                       1505.
                       
                       Joannem
                       Winkelium
                       ,
                       Conservatoris
                       .
                       Academici
                       Notarium
                       :
                       itemque
                       Joannim
                       hujus
                       fil
                       .
                       Doctorem
                       Medicum
                       ,
                       qui
                       sua
                       ,
                       sororisque
                       bona
                       ,
                       circa
                       An.
                       1554.
                       ex
                       voto
                       patris
                       ,
                       (
                       si
                       uterque
                       ,
                       ut
                       accidit
                       ,
                       sine
                       legitimâ
                       prole
                       decederet
                       )
                       in
                       usum
                       Collegii
                       studiosorum
                       J.
                       V.
                       impendit
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Houterlaeum
                       ,
                       in
                       viá
                       Vaccariâ
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1511.
                       per
                       Henricum
                       de
                       Houterle
                       ,
                       Hooghstratonum
                       ,
                       D.
                       Petri
                       hîc
                       Scholarcham
                       a●
                       Militem
                       Hierosolymitanum
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1643.
                       renovatum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Buslidianum
                       ,
                       vulgariter
                       Trilinguae
                       ,
                       quòd
                       Linguae
                       Hebraica
                       ,
                       Graeca
                       ,
                       Latina
                       in
                       eo
                       doceantur
                       :
                       juxta
                       forum
                       pis●arium
                       ,
                       auctorem
                       habet
                       Hieronymum
                       Buslidium
                       ,
                       Luxemburgi
                       ,
                       è
                       sui
                       cognominis
                       pago
                       oriundum
                       ,
                       Proepositum
                       Ariensem
                       ac
                       Francisci
                       Archiepisc
                       .
                       ●isuntini
                       ●tatrem
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1517.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                       Pontificium
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praetoriât
                       erexi
                       Adrianus
                       VI.
                       Vltrajectinus
                       ,
                       Pont.
                       Max.
                       ante
                       Adrianus
                       Flore●itinus
                       dictus
                       ,
                       qui
                       illud
                       ,
                       cùm
                       hîc
                       in
                       D.
                       Petri
                       Decanus
                       esset
                       ,
                       Theologis
                       sub
                       tutelâ
                       S.
                       Augustini
                       destinavit
                       ,
                       &
                       postea
                       Pontifex
                       confirmavit
                       Anno
                       1522.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                       Sabaudiae
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Nummariâ
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1548.
                       ab
                       Eustachio
                       Chapuys
                       ,
                       Sabaudo
                       ,
                       Annessiacensi
                       J.
                       V.
                       Doctore
                       ac
                       Carolo
                       V.
                       à
                       Consiliis
                       &c.
                       in
                       gratiam
                       suorum
                       popularium
                       ,
                       ut
                       &
                       aliud
                       in
                       patriâ
                       in
                       honorem
                       S.
                       Eustachii
                       ,
                       magnificè
                       extructum
                       &
                       dotatum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         S.
                         Annae
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praepositi
                       ,
                       Nicolaus
                       Goblet
                       ,
                       Boviniensis
                       ,
                       Dionantensis
                       Praepositius
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1553
                       ,
                       fundavit
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Druitianum
                       ,
                       in
                       angulo
                       vulgò
                       Cucullinò
                       ,
                       à
                       Michaele
                       Druitio
                       ,
                       oriundo
                       ex
                       Vollerinchove
                       territorii
                       Casletensis
                       ,
                       J.
                       V.
                       Doctore
                       ,
                       Prof.
                       &
                       hîc
                       ad
                       D.
                       Petrum
                       Dece●●
                       ,
                       qui
                       obiit
                       Anno
                       1559.
                       
                    
                     
                     
                       Van-dale
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praepositi
                       ,
                       structure
                       magnificentiâ
                       ,
                       
                       &
                       hospitio
                       Principum
                       clarum
                       ,
                       construxit
                       Petrus
                       Van-dale
                       Antuèrpianus
                       ,
                       J.
                       V.
                       Doctor
                       &
                       Decanus
                       Alostanus
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1565.
                       
                    
                     
                       Viglianum
                       ,
                       quod
                       eitam
                       Frisonum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       S.
                       Quintini
                       ,
                       
                       Anno
                       1568.
                       à
                       Viglio
                       ab
                       Aytta
                       Zuichemo
                       ,
                       Fristo
                       ,
                       Praeposito
                       Gandavensi
                       ,
                       &
                       apud
                       Belgas
                       privati
                       Concilii
                       Prae●ide
                       ,
                       popularibus
                       suis
                       àc
                       Gandavensibus
                       cum
                       amplâ
                       dote
                       aedisieatum
                       .
                    
                     
                       Praemonstratense
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praepositi
                       ,
                       primordia
                       sua
                       
                       debet
                       Carolo
                       vander
                       Linden
                       Parcensi
                       ,
                       Aegidio
                       Heyni
                       Averbodiensi
                       ,
                       &
                       Michaeli
                       Maleno
                       Ninoviensi
                       Abbatibus
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1571.
                       
                       Quibus
                       postea
                       accesterunt
                       Grintbergensis
                       ,
                       Antuerpiensis
                       ,
                       Tongerloensis
                       &
                       Heilessemensis
                       .
                    
                     
                       Cranendonck
                       ,
                       ad
                       viam
                       Judaicam
                       incoepit
                       Anno
                       
                       1574.
                       
                       Auctore
                       Marcello
                       à
                       Cranendonck
                       ,
                       Taxandro
                       ,
                       Tongelrensi
                       D.
                       Jacobi
                       hic
                       Canon
                       .
                       in
                       honorem
                       quinque
                       Vulnerum
                       Christi
                       .
                    
                     
                       Divaei
                       in
                       monte
                       Capelloe
                       ,
                       ut
                       vocant
                       ,
                       Auctor
                       ,
                       est
                       Greg.
                       
                       Divaeus
                       ,
                       Bruxellensis
                       ,
                       qui
                       Namurci
                       ,
                       Româ
                       ex
                       Jubilaeo
                       rediens
                       ,
                       ad
                       beneficii
                       mercedem
                       &
                       itineris
                       quietem
                       è
                       vitâ
                       decessit
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1576.
                       atatis
                       suae
                       22.
                       
                    
                     
                       Brugelianum
                       ,
                       unicum
                       Medicorum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       novâ
                       ,
                       à
                       
                       Petro
                       Brugelio
                       Sylvaedaucensi
                       Med.
                       Doctore
                       ac
                       Professore
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1577.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         Seminarium
                         Regium
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praepositi
                       ,
                       à
                       Philippo
                       II.
                       
                       Hispaniarum
                       Rege
                       ac
                       Belgarum
                       Principe
                       ,
                       de
                       Academiâ
                       &
                       alii
                       titulis
                       bene
                       merito
                       ,
                       procurante
                       Joanne
                       Vendevillio
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1579.
                       
                    
                     
                       Pelssanum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praedicatorum
                       ,
                       minificentia
                       Joannis
                       
                       Pels
                       à
                       Recklinchifià
                       Westphalt
                       ,
                       huic
                       Universitati
                       ab
                       actis
                       ,
                       An.
                       1574.
                       suis
                       conterraneis
                       ,
                       fundatum
                       &
                       concinne
                       renovatum
                       ,
                       An.
                       1622.
                       
                    
                     
                       Montense
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       novâ
                       ,
                       de
                       Bievene
                       ,
                       Montensis
                       ,
                       
                       J.
                       V.
                       D.
                       ac
                       Professor
                       ,
                       moriens
                       reliquit
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1596.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         Seminarium
                         Leodiense
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       via
                       monetali
                       ,
                       S.
                       Lamberto
                       
                       sacrum
                       ,
                       auspiciis
                       Serenissimi
                       Electrois
                       Ernesti
                       Ducis
                       
                       Bavaria
                       ,
                       Episcopi
                       Leodiensis
                       ,
                       &
                       An.
                       1605.
                       
                       Opus
                       &
                       dote
                       &
                       structurâ
                       Auctore
                       suo
                       dignum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         S.
                         Willebrordi
                      
                       quod
                       vulgò
                       Sylvaeducense
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       novâ
                       ,
                       jam
                       ab
                       annis
                       plus
                       minus
                       20.
                       initium
                       habuit
                       ,
                       confirmatum
                       ost
                       1625.
                       morte
                       Fundatoris
                       sui
                       Nicolai
                       Zoesii
                       Amorsforiii
                       Episc
                       .
                       Sylvaduc
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Bayanum
                       sive
                       Bayorum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       cavâ
                       ,
                       exordia
                       prima
                       accepit
                       à
                       magno
                       Theologo
                       Michaele
                       du
                       Bay
                       ,
                       Hannone
                       ,
                       Melinensi
                       ,
                       D.
                       Petri
                       hîc
                       Decano
                       ,
                       qui
                       illud
                       erigere
                       coeperat
                       ad
                       Ledam
                       D.
                       Augustino
                       dicatum
                       :
                       transtulit
                       deinde
                       ad
                       eum
                       ubi
                       nunc
                       visitur
                       locum
                       precipuus
                       ejus
                       Fundator
                       Jacobus
                       du-Bay
                       è
                       fratre
                       nepos
                       ,
                       similiterque
                       S.
                       Th.
                       Doctor
                       &
                       Decanus
                       D.
                       Petri
                       :
                       hujus
                       denique
                       nepos
                       AEgidius
                       S.
                       Th.
                       Doctor
                       &
                       Professor
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1614.
                       solemniter
                       aperuit
                       ,
                       aedificiis
                       &
                       dote
                       magnifice
                       auxit
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         Divae
                         Pulcheriae
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       foro
                       Boario
                       ,
                       fundatum
                       bonis
                       auspiciis
                       Lovanii
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1616.
                       per
                       divisionem
                       cujusdam
                       Fundationis
                       universitatis
                       Coloniensis
                       ,
                       magna
                       quotidie
                       incrementa
                       sumit
                       piâ
                       multorum
                       liberalitate
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         Ordinis
                         Teutonici
                      
                       ,
                       ad
                       vism
                       lapideam
                       exordiebatur
                       Edmondus
                       Huyn
                       ab
                       Anstemraeds
                       Ord.
                       Tent.
                       Eques
                       &
                       Commendator
                       Provincialis
                       Balivioe
                       Juncesanioe
                       ,
                       &c.
                       Anno
                       1617.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         Canonicorum
                         Regularium
                      
                       S.
                       Augustini
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       lapideâ
                       juxta
                       S.
                       Jacobum
                       ,
                       1618.
                       procurantibus
                       Antonio
                       van
                       Berghim
                       Priore
                       in
                       Viride-Valle
                       ,
                       &
                       Joanne
                       Petersem
                       Bethlehemi●●co
                       juxta
                       Lovanium
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Mylianum
                       vulgò
                       Luxemburgense
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       vaccariâ
                       ,
                       Auctore
                       Joanne
                       Mylio
                       Luxemburgensi
                       J.
                       V.
                       Doctore
                       ,
                       qui
                       ingentem
                       pecuniae
                       summam
                       moriens
                       in
                       hunc
                       finem
                       reliquerat
                       ,
                       tandem
                       stabilitum
                       Lovanii
                       vigesimo
                       tertio
                       à
                       morto
                       Fundatoris
                       anne
                       ,
                       scilicet
                       Dom.
                       1619.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                       Hibernicum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       quae
                       Bakelanica
                       vocatur
                       ,
                       Auctoritate
                       Apostolicâ
                       per
                       sacram
                       de
                       propag
                       .
                       Fidei
                       Congregationem
                       studio
                       &
                       dote
                       Eugenii
                       Matthoei
                       Archiepise
                       .
                       Dublinensis
                       ,
                       An.
                       1623.
                       inchoatum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Alnense
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       quintinianâ
                       ,
                       per
                       Edmundum
                       Jonvent
                       
                       Chymacensem
                       ,
                       Alnae
                       Ord.
                       Cisterc
                       .
                       Abbatem
                       ,
                       pro
                       Monachis
                       ejusdem
                       Coenobii
                       Anno
                       1626.
                       faelicibus
                       auspiciis
                       aedjificatum
                       .
                    
                     
                       Floreffiense
                       ,
                       in
                       Bakelanicâ
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1626.
                       exordia
                       
                       sua
                       aocepit
                       à
                       Joanne
                       Roberti
                       Floreffiensi
                       Ord.
                       Proemonst
                       .
                       Prasule
                       ,
                       Suppriore
                       Generali
                       ac
                       Circariarum
                       Floreffiae
                       &
                       Flandrioe
                       Vicario
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Joan.
                         Malderi
                      
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Martinianâ
                       ,
                       Episcopi
                       Antuerpiensis
                       ,
                       
                       Anno
                       1633.
                       coemptis
                       in
                       eum
                       usum
                       aedibus
                       à
                       V.
                       N.
                       Ludovico
                       Tempelio
                       ,
                       Praetore
                       Vrbis
                       Lovaniensis
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Franc.
                         Hovii
                      
                       ,
                       Londerzelii
                       ,
                       S.
                       T.
                       L.
                       Pastoris
                       ad
                       
                       S.
                       Walburgim
                       Antuerpiae
                       ,
                       in
                       Monte
                       siliceo
                       ,
                       cui
                       Fundator
                       inscribi
                       voluit
                       
                         Patrimonium
                         Christi
                      
                       .
                       Obiit
                       An.
                       1633.
                       
                       Ibid.
                       Decembris
                       .
                    
                     
                       Minimorum
                       ,
                       pro
                       Religiosis
                       Ord.
                       S.
                       Francisci
                       de
                       
                       Paula
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1639.
                       
                    
                     
                       Beggardorum
                       ,
                       pro
                       Religiosis
                       sui
                       Ordinis
                       ,
                       Anno
                       
                       1640.
                       
                    
                     
                       Collegium
                       S.
                       Michaelis
                       fundatum
                       per
                       R.
                       &
                       Eruditissimum
                       
                       D.
                       Laurentium
                       Zoenium
                       Sacrae
                       Theol.
                       Licent
                       .
                       Insignis
                       Ecclesiae
                       Collegiatae
                       S.
                       Petri
                       Lovanii
                       Canonicum
                       &
                       Sacerdotem
                       Jubilarium
                       Anno
                       1649.
                       
                       Obiit
                       20.
                       
                       Aprilis
                       ,
                       1651.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         Sequuntur
                         quatuor
                         Paedagogia
                         ,
                         ut
                         vocant
                         ,
                         in
                         quibus
                         Artes
                         liberales
                         ,
                         Philsophiáque
                         docetur
                         ,
                         Academiarum
                         omnium
                         famosissimae
                         Scholae
                         ,
                         de
                         quibus
                         hoc
                         vulgare
                         Tetrastichon
                         :
                      
                    
                     
                       Quatuor
                       hîc
                       inter
                       sese
                       Collegia
                       certant
                       De
                       Sophiae
                       studiis
                       ,
                       &
                       vincere
                       quodque
                       laborat
                       .
                       Porcus
                       alit
                       doctos
                       :
                       volitat
                       super
                       omnia
                       
                         Falco
                         :
                         Castrum
                      
                       bella
                       gerit
                       :
                       florescunt
                       Lilia
                       primis
                       .
                    
                     
                       Lilium
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       paganâ
                       ,
                       cui
                       nomen
                       ab
                       insigni
                       adhaesit
                       ,
                       
                       SS
                       .
                       Joanni
                       Evangelistae
                       ,
                       vero
                       castitatis
                       lilio
                       ,
                       &
                       Gis●eno
                       sacrum
                       est
                       .
                       Hujus
                       Professor
                       ac
                       Rector
                       Primus
                       
                       cârolus
                       Virulus
                       ,
                       Casletensis
                       ,
                       suae
                       aetatis
                       Philosophus
                       faminissimus
                       ,
                       postquam
                       annos
                       6.
                       
                       &
                       50.
                       remit
                       officio
                       &
                       vitâ
                       functus
                       ,
                       An.
                       1493.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                       Falco
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       ,
                       cavâ
                       à
                       Falcono
                       insigni
                       domus
                       ,
                       Regentem
                       &
                       fautorem
                       inter
                       primos
                       babuit
                       Gasparem
                       Kinschotium
                       Turnhoutanum
                       ,
                       qui
                       obitt
                       An.
                       1488.
                       
                       Pedagogium
                       hoc
                       fuit
                       ex
                       alio
                       loco
                       ,
                       qui
                       hodièque
                       vetus
                       Falco
                       dicitur
                       ,
                       translatum
                       à
                       variis
                       tandem
                       &
                       ipsa
                       Focultate
                       Artium
                       cumulatò
                       auctum
                       :
                       sub
                       intelà
                       est
                       magnorum
                       Philosophorum
                       DD.
                       Dionysii
                       Areopagitae
                       &
                       Catharinoe
                       .
                       Industriâ
                       &
                       liberalitate
                       D.
                       Claudii
                       Losson
                       ,
                       Havraei
                       ,
                       S.
                       T.
                       ibidem
                       Regentis
                       ac
                       Professoris
                       ,
                       hâc
                       ,
                       quae
                       modo
                       visitvr
                       ,
                       splendidâ
                       aedificii
                       structurâ
                       decoratum
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1636.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                       Castrum
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Castrensi
                       ,
                       prium
                       vocavit
                       regentem
                       Godefridum
                       van
                       Gompel
                       ,
                       Dessellensem
                       ,
                       qui
                       ibidem
                       ante
                       conditam
                       Vniversitatem
                       literas
                       humoniores
                       docuit
                       :
                       electis
                       Patronis
                       Beatiss
                       Mariâ
                       ,
                       turri
                       fortissimâ
                       &
                       S.
                       Cornelio
                       Papâ
                       Martyre
                       invincibili
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       Porcus
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praetoriâ
                       ,
                       structurâ
                       &
                       frequentiâ
                       primum
                       ,
                       cui
                       hoc
                       nomon
                       mansit
                       (
                       cùm
                       aliàs
                       Paedagogium
                       Stanedonck
                       audire
                       malit
                       )
                       à
                       domo
                       in
                       viâ
                       Praepositi
                       ,
                       qua
                       etiamnum
                       ho●
                       infigue
                       Porci
                       prnefert
                       ,
                       cui
                       Pedagogium
                       hoc
                       quondam
                       oppositum
                       fuit
                       ,
                       inchoatum
                       ,
                       Auctore
                       Joanne
                       Widoë
                       ;
                       ejusque
                       primus
                       Rector
                       suit
                       Henricus
                       Loen
                       Lovaniensis
                       ,
                       vitae
                       sanctitate
                       clarus
                       .
                       Martini
                       Caverenne
                       Regentis
                       industriâ
                       splendidis
                       aedificiis
                       adornatum
                       .
                       DD.
                       Antonio
                       &
                       Anne
                       hoc
                       sacrum
                       est
                       ,
                       in
                       quo
                       adhuc
                       humaniores
                       docentur
                       literae
                       :
                       ut
                       etiam
                       in
                    
                     
                       
                       Vaulxiano
                       ,
                       communiter
                       Gandense
                       ,
                       in
                       viâ
                       LongoBrulia
                       dictâ
                       ,
                       quod
                       initium
                       voto
                       Francisci
                       Ni●uland
                       Gandensis
                       habuit
                       :
                       dotem
                       à
                       Joanise
                       del-Vaulx
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1593.
                       Item
                    
                     
                       
                       Scholae
                       PP
                       .
                       Augustinianorum
                       ,
                       in
                       utilitatem
                       Inventutis
                       apertae
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1612.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         Felixque
                         augmentum
                         precatur
                         J.
                         O.
                      
                       
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               The
               several
               Faculties
               are
               distinguished
               by
               their
               Habits
               :
               Divinity-Students
               wear
               constantly
               Gowns
               and
               square
               Caps
               ;
               those
               of
               other
               Faculties
               wear
               none
               ,
               except
               at
               their
               publick
               Exercises
               in
               the
               Schools
               .
               The
               principal
               Colleges
               ,
               called
               Pedagogies
               ,
               are
               four
               .
               In
               these
               only
               is
               Philosophy
               taught
               by
               two
               Professors
               ,
               the
               one
               called
               Primarius
               ,
               the
               other
               Secundarius
               .
               Those
               Students
               that
               are
               Gentlemen
               sit
               in
               a
               higher
               Form
               ,
               called
               
                 Scamnum
                 Nobilium
              
               ;
               and
               give
               each
               of
               them
               six
               Gilders
               quarterly
               to
               the
               Primarius
               Professor
               ,
               and
               two
               Patacoons
               to
               the
               Secundarius
               .
               Those
               of
               inseriour
               rank
               who
               sit
               in
               the
               lower
               Forms
               give
               half
               so
               much
               to
               each
               .
               The
               Primarius
               reads
               in
               the
               morning
               from
               half
               an
               hour
               after
               six
               of
               the
               clock
               till
               half
               an
               hour
               after
               seven
               ,
               then
               they
               go
               to
               Mass
               till
               eight
               ,
               and
               after
               that
               to
               their
               private
               Studies
               till
               ten
               ,
               then
               the
               Professor
               reads
               again
               till
               eleven
               .
               In
               the
               afternoon
               the
               Secundarius
               Professor
               reads
               from
               half
               an
               hour
               after
               one
               ,
               till
               half
               an
               hour
               after
               two
               .
               He
               begins
               again
               half
               an
               hour
               after
               four
               and
               reads
               till
               half
               an
               hour
               after
               five
               .
               All
               Students
               must
               write
               after
               the
               Professors
               in
               a
               large
               Note-Book
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               intervals
               of
               Lectures
               peruse
               and
               study
               what
               they
               wrote
               .
               The
               Professors
               Readings
               are
               divided
               into
               Dictata
               ,
               which
               are
               Theses
               or
               Propositions
               ,
               and
               Annotata
               which
               are
               Solutions
               of
               Objections
               .
               The
               first
               thing
               they
               require
               of
               Students
               when
               they
               come
               to
               this
               University
               is
               to
               be
               matriculated
               ,
               and
               swear
               their
               Belief
               of
               all
               the
               Doctrines
               of
               the
               Romish
               Church
               .
               The
               Close
               or
               End
               of
               the
               Oath
               is
               the
               same
               with
               that
               of
               our
               Universities
               ,
               
                 Ita
                 me
                 Deus
                 adjuvet
                 &
                 haec
                 sancta
                 Dei
                 Evangelia
                 .
              
            
             
               Young
               Students
               give
               their
               Names
               to
               the
               President
               of
               their
               College
               or
               Pedagogy
               ,
               and
               for
               every
               time
               they
               are
               absent
               from
               Lectures
               are
               punished
               a
               Stiver
               ,
               which
               is
               somewhat
               more
               than
               a
               Penny
               English
               .
               For
               every
               time
               they
               miss
               a
               publick
               Exercise
               in
               Law
               or
               Physick
               they
               pay
               three
               Stivers
               ;
               
               if
               they
               be
               to
               exercise
               themselves
               and
               miss
               ,
               they
               are
               mulcted
               twenty
               Stivers
               .
               The
               Students
               are
               not
               allowed
               to
               wear
               Swords
               about
               the
               Streets
               .
            
             
               The
               Professors
               of
               each
               Pedagogy
               chuse
               yearly
               12
               of
               the
               best
               Scholars
               who
               are
               of
               two
               years
               standing
               .
               These
               48
               are
               publickly
               examined
               ,
               and
               out
               of
               them
               about
               12
               usually
               chosen
               to
               Burses
               or
               Exhibitions
               .
               The
               Burses
               signifie
               their
               Diet
               ,
               Chamber
               and
               a
               greater
               or
               less
               Stipend
               according
               as
               the
               Burses
               are
               .
               It
               is
               very
               creditable
               to
               be
               chosen
               to
               a
               Burse
               .
               He
               that
               is
               the
               first
               of
               the
               chosen
               hath
               a
               Bell
               rung
               for
               him
               in
               his
               College
               48
               hours
               together
               without
               intermission
               .
               When
               they
               are
               thus
               chosen
               ,
               they
               may
               go
               into
               what
               College
               they
               will
               and
               study
               what
               they
               please
               .
               They
               are
               commonly
               preferred
               to
               Professorships
               and
               afterwards
               to
               Canons
               Places
               .
               The
               Degrees
               here
               conferred
               are
               Batchelour
               ,
               Licentiate
               and
               Doctor
               .
               In
               Divinity
               after
               two
               years
               standing
               they
               may
               be
               
                 Baccalaurei
                 ourrentes
              
               ,
               after
               another
               year
               
                 Baccalaurei
                 formati
              
               .
               Seven
               years
               after
               this
               they
               may
               be
               Licentiates
               in
               Divinity
               .
               They
               are
               seldom
               created
               Doctors
               till
               they
               attain
               to
               50
               years
               of
               Age
               ,
               unless
               they
               be
               very
               eminent
               for
               Learning
               .
               Every
               Batchelor
               is
               called
               
                 Doctissimus
                 :
                 A
                 Licentiate
              
               in
               Medicine
               Peritissimus
               ,
               in
               Law
               Consultissimus
               ,
               in
               Divinity
               
                 Eximius
                 :
                 Doctors
              
               of
               Medicine
               and
               Law
               are
               Clarissimi
               ,
               of
               Divinity
               Eximii
               Domini
               &
               
                 Magistri
                 nostri
              
               .
               When
               any
               one
               goes
               out
               Licentiate
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               Treatment
               made
               ,
               to
               which
               all
               the
               Doctors
               and
               the
               Opponents
               are
               invited
               ,
               and
               have
               Gloves
               given
               them
               .
               The
               Graduate
               is
               attended
               from
               the
               Schools
               with
               Drums
               and
               Trumpets
               .
               At
               his
               Lodging
               a
               Bell
               is
               hung
               up
               and
               rung
               for
               24
               hours
               together
               .
               He
               hath
               liberty
               to
               chuse
               a
               Coat
               of
               Arms
               ,
               and
               is
               immediately
               reputed
               a
               Gentleman
               .
            
             
               The
               men
               of
               most
               note
               for
               Learning
               in
               this
               University
               at
               present
               [
               1663.
               ]
               are
               
                 Gutischovius
                 ,
                 Medicinae
                 
                 &
                 Matheseos
                 Professor
                 .
                 Vopiscus
                 Fortunatus
                 Plempius
                 ,
                 Medicinae
                 Professor
                 primarius
                 ,
              
               called
               Fortunatus
               because
               he
               was
               cut
               out
               of
               his
               Mothers
               Womb
               ,
               as
               we
               were
               informed
               .
               
                 Dorlix
                 ,
                 Med.
                 Doctor
                 .
                 Sinnichius
                 ,
                 Theologiae
                 Doctor
                 ,
              
               an
               
                 Irish-man
                 .
                 Pontanus
                 ,
                 Theologiae
                 Doctor
                 ,
              
               Dean
               of
               S.
               Peters
               ,
               and
               
                 Censor
                 Librorum
                 .
                 Bradhy
              
               ,
               an
               
                 Irish-man
                 ,
                 Juris
                 Canonici
                 Doctor
                 .
                 Loyens
                 ,
                 Juris
                 Canonici
                 Doctor
                 .
                 Gulinx
              
               was
               Professor
               of
               Philosophy
               here
               ,
               but
               is
               now
               turned
               Protestant
               ,
               and
               lives
               at
               
                 Leyden
                 :
                 Van
                 Verve
                 ,
                 Theol.
                 Professor
                 Prim
                 trius
                 .
              
               The
               publick
               Schools
               are
               old
               ,
               mean
               and
               homely
               .
            
             
               May
               4.
               we
               walked
               out
               of
               Lovain
               about
               half
               a
               mile
               to
               see
               the
               D.
               of
               
               Areschot's
               Palace
               ,
               and
               the
               Celestines
               Cloister
               adjoining
               .
               We
               found
               among
               the
               Corn
               by
               the
               way-sides
               as
               we
               went
               ,
               plentifully
               growing
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 arvensis
                 umbelliferus
              
               J.
               B.
               and
               
                 Alsine
                 foliis
                 hederaceis
                 Rutae
                 modo
                 divisis
              
               Lob.
               
               both
               in
               flower
               .
               At
               this
               City
               we
               first
               observed
               Storks
               ,
               Women-Porters
               and
               Soldiers
               begging
               on
               Horse-back
               .
            
             
               From
               
                 Lovain
                 ,
                 May
              
               5.
               we
               travelled
               to
               
                 Mechlin
                 ,
                 Malines
              
               the
               French
               call
               it
               ,
               
               a
               very
               elegant
               and
               well-built
               City
               ,
               exceeding
               our
               expectation
               both
               for
               Beauty
               and
               Greatness
               .
               It
               is
               the
               Seat
               of
               an
               Archbishop
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               small
               Territory
               of
               nine
               Villages
               about
               it
               makes
               one
               of
               the
               seventeen
               Provinces
               ,
               called
               the
               Lordship
               of
               Mechlin●
               The
               Cathedral
               Church
               is
               dedicated
               to
               
                 S.
                 Rumbald
              
               .
               Many
               Manufactures
               exercised
               here
               of
               the
               most
               gainful
               sort
               ,
               as
               making
               of
               Linen
               Cloth
               ,
               casting
               of
               great
               Artillery
               and
               Bells
               ;
               and
               which
               we
               especially
               took
               notice
               of
               ,
               Tanning
               ,
               there
               being
               two
               or
               three
               whole
               Streets
               of
               Tanners
               .
            
             
               Hence
               May
               5.
               we
               boated
               to
               Antwerp
               ,
               
               a
               City
               for
               Strength
               and
               Beauty
               comparable
               to
               any
               of
               its
               bigness
               in
               Europe
               .
               For
               the
               latter
               in
               my
               opinion
               ,
               it
               much
               excels
               Florence
               ,
               with
               which
               it
               is
               wont
               to
               be
               put
               in
               competition
               .
               And
               for
               the
               former
               ,
               it
               is
               encompassed
               
               with
               a
               Wall
               of
               Earth
               faced
               with
               Free-stone
               ,
               of
               that
               thickness
               that
               there
               are
               several
               Rows
               of
               Trees
               and
               broad
               Walks
               upon
               it
               ;
               and
               with
               a
               Ditch
               of
               water
               of
               a
               very
               great
               depth
               and
               breadth
               ,
               excepting
               on
               that
               side
               the
               River
               Scheld
               washes
               it
               .
               So
               that
               ,
               considering
               also
               the
               advantage
               of
               its
               Situation
               in
               a
               low
               and
               level
               Countrey
               ,
               it
               seemed
               to
               me
               the
               strongest
               City
               in
               all
               the
               Netherlands
               .
               The
               Citadel
               first
               built
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Alva
               ,
               and
               afterward
               repaired
               by
               the
               Prince
               of
               Parma
               ,
               of
               a
               Pentagonal
               Figure
               ,
               serves
               as
               well
               to
               bridle
               as
               defend
               the
               Town
               .
               The
               Houses
               of
               Antwerp
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               Brick
               ,
               some
               few
               wooden
               ones
               of
               the
               antient
               Building
               here
               and
               there
               remaining
               ,
               which
               the
               Owners
               are
               not
               suffered
               to
               repair
               .
               The
               Chappel
               of
               the
               Jesuites
               College
               is
               very
               rich
               and
               sumptuous
               .
               The
               Steeple
               of
               S.
               Maries
               Church
               is
               so
               curiously
               built
               and
               carved
               ,
               that
               the
               Emperour
               
                 Charles
                 V.
              
               (
               as
               we
               were
               told
               )
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               it
               deserved
               to
               be
               kept
               in
               a
               case
               and
               shewn
               only
               upon
               Holy-days
               .
               The
               Exchange
               or
               Burse
               was
               the
               Pattern
               after
               which
               our
               old
               
                 Royal
                 Exchange
              
               was
               built
               ,
               but
               in
               all
               respects
               inferiour
               to
               it
               ,
               the
               Copy
               excelling
               the
               Original
               .
               The
               Stadthouse
               is
               a
               magnificent
               Structure
               .
               Several
               other
               publick
               Buildings
               there
               are
               that
               deserve
               to
               be
               viewed
               ,
               most
               of
               which
               are
               represented
               in
               the
               adjoined
               Map.
               Plantius
               Printing-House
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               Golnitz
               and
               others
               ,
               is
               for
               a
               thing
               of
               that
               nature
               the
               best
               we
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               .
               This
               City
               for
               Trading
               and
               Wealth
               is
               much
               decayed
               since
               the
               Low-Countrey
               Wars
               .
               In
               the
               Garden
               of
               one
               
                 Franciscus
                 van
                 Steerbeck
              
               a
               Priest
               ,
               we
               saw
               many
               rare
               Plants
               :
               Among
               others
               we
               took
               more
               especial
               notice
               of
               
                 Lentiscus
                 ,
                 Pistacia
                 ,
                 Spiraea
                 Theophrasti
                 ,
                 Barba
                 Jovis
                 frutex
                 ,
                 Cerasus
                 nana
                 ,
                 Amygdalus
                 nana
                 ,
                 Althaea
                 montis
                 Olbii
                 in
                 Gallo-provincia
                 ,
                 Morus
                 fructu
                 albo
                 ,
                 Jasminum
                 hederaceum
                 ,
                 Lycium
                 ,
                 Rosa
                 sine
                 spinis
                 ,
                 Capp●ris
                 leguminosa
                 sive
                 Fabago
                 ,
                 Convolvulus
                 heptaphyllus
                 ,
                 
                 Acanthus
                 aculeatus
                 ,
                 Esula
                 rara
                 Venetorum
                 ,
                 Petroselinum
                 Macedonicum
                 ,
                 Daucus
                 Creticus
                 verus
                 ,
                 Convolunlus
                 Althaeae
                 folio
                 ,
                 Thapsia
                 latifolia
                 ,
                 Ephemerum
                 Matthioli
                 ,
                 Pistolochia
                 Virginiana
                 ,
                 Pyrethrum
                 verum
                 ,
                 Auricula
                 ursi
                 folio
                 &
                 flore
                 Boraginis
                 ,
                 Sandalida
                 Cretica
                 ,
                 Sahdariffae
                 species
                 ,
                 Telephium
                 legitimum
                 Antiquorum
                 ,
                 Gnaphalium
                 Americanum
                 flore
                 luteo
                 pleno
                 ,
                 Spartum
                 marinum
                 ,
                 Laurus
                 Alexandrina
                 ,
                 Absinthium
                 arborescens
                 ,
                 Lilium
                 Allobrogum
                 majus
                 ,
                 Geranium
                 tuberosum
                 Hellebori
                 albi
                 tres
                 species
                 seu
                 potiùs
                 varieetates
                 ,
                 Centaurium
                 majus
                 Helenii
                 folio
                 &
                 Scolymi
                 folio
                 ,
                 Coralloides
                 ,
                 Vrtica
                 fat●a
                 Virginiana
                 ,
                 Campanula
                 Damascena
                 lactescens
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 &
                 albo
                 .
              
            
             
               May
               15.
               we
               took
               Boat
               for
               Middleburgh
               ;
               at
               Lillo
               a
               Fort
               upon
               the
               Scheld
               ,
               
               three
               Leagues
               below
               Antwerp
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               States
               of
               Holland
               ,
               our
               Boat
               was
               searcht
               ,
               as
               are
               all
               Vessels
               going
               to
               and
               from
               Antwerp
               .
               The
               Wind
               and
               Tide
               favouring
               us
               ,
               we
               reach'd
               Middleburgh
               before
               Sun-set
               ,
               having
               made
               in
               all
               this
               day
               about
               54
               English
               miles
               .
               Upon
               the
               Flats
               we
               passed
               over
               ,
               at
               a
               good
               distance
               from
               us
               ,
               we
               saw
               several
               Sea-Calves
               upon
               the
               Sands
               .
            
             
               Middleburgh
               is
               the
               capital
               City
               of
               Zealand
               ,
               large
               ,
               
               well-built
               ,
               having
               spatious
               Streets
               ,
               populous
               ,
               full
               of
               wealthy
               Merchants
               ,
               and
               well
               fortified
               ,
               as
               are
               generally
               all
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               of
               any
               account
               in
               the
               United
               Netherlands
               .
               It
               is
               situate
               near
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Isle
               Walachria
               ,
               whence
               no
               doubt
               it
               took
               it's
               Name
               ,
               and
               not
               from
               Metellus
               ,
               quasi
               
                 Metelli
                 Burgum
              
               ,
               as
               some
               have
               fondly
               imagined
               .
               From
               that
               side
               the
               Island
               respecting
               Antwerp
               is
               an
               artificial
               Chanel
               cut
               up
               to
               the
               Town
               ,
               capable
               of
               Ships
               of
               good
               burthen
               ,
               which
               come
               into
               the
               Town
               ,
               the
               said
               Chanel
               passing
               through
               and
               making
               Havens
               in
               three
               or
               four
               of
               the
               Streets
               .
               There
               are
               (
               as
               we
               were
               informed
               )
               about
               twenty
               Churches
               of
               all
               sorts
               
               in
               this
               City
               ,
               the
               
                 Lutherans
                 ,
                 French
                 ,
                 Anabaptists
              
               and
               Jews
               being
               here
               tolerated
               and
               allowed
               places
               of
               publick
               Worship
               .
               At
               the
               Stadthouse
               we
               observed
               two
               Eagles
               kept
               ,
               which
               we
               were
               told
               the
               Citizens
               were
               obliged
               to
               by
               their
               Charter
               ,
               by
               which
               they
               have
               great
               Immunities
               granted
               them
               by
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               as
               Freedom
               from
               Arrests
               any
               where
               but
               in
               their
               own
               City
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               May
               16.
               
               we
               walked
               out
               to
               Flushing
               about
               two
               miles
               and
               an
               half
               distant
               from
               Middleburgh
               ;
               a
               Town
               once
               cautionary
               to
               the
               English
               ,
               though
               not
               so
               large
               nor
               so
               well
               built
               as
               Middleburgh
               ,
               and
               having
               narrow
               Streets
               ,
               yet
               very
               considerable
               for
               its
               Strength
               and
               Riches
               ,
               the
               opportunity
               of
               its
               Situation
               and
               conveniency
               of
               its
               Harbour
               ,
               Ships
               of
               good
               burthen
               coming
               up
               into
               several
               Streets
               of
               the
               Town
               in
               artificial
               Chanels
               ,
               and
               lying
               there
               secure
               from
               Wind
               and
               Weather
               .
            
             
               May
               19.
               
               we
               took
               another
               Walk
               to
               Vere
               ,
               called
               by
               the
               Dutch
               Ter-Vere
               or
               Camp-Vere
               ,
               some
               three
               miles
               distant
               from
               Middleburgh
               to
               the
               Northward
               ;
               a
               Town
               for
               bigness
               inferiour
               to
               Flushing
               ,
               well
               fortified
               ,
               having
               two
               fair
               Harbours
               for
               Ships
               with
               broad
               Wharfs
               or
               Keys
               within
               the
               Walls
               .
               We
               returned
               back
               through
               Armuyden
               ,
               a
               small
               Town
               consisting
               of
               one
               Street
               ,
               yet
               entrench'd
               about
               .
               Here
               hath
               been
               formerly
               a
               good
               Trade
               driven
               .
               By
               the
               way
               we
               observed
               the
               Sea-banks
               to
               be
               faced
               with
               a
               kind
               of
               matting
               of
               Rushes
               or
               Flags
               staked
               down
               as
               high
               as
               the
               Tide
               usually
               arises
               ,
               to
               defend
               them
               from
               being
               washed
               away
               by
               the
               Water
               .
            
             
               May
               20.
               
               we
               went
               by
               Boat
               from
               Middleburgh
               to
               
                 Bergen
                 op
                 Zome
              
               ,
               passing
               by
               Rammekens
               ,
               a
               strong
               Fort
               at
               the
               Entrance
               of
               the
               Chanel
               leading
               to
               
                 Middleburgh
                 .
                 Bergen
              
               is
               a
               place
               of
               very
               great
               Strength
               ,
               besides
               the
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               ,
               being
               fortified
               with
               Half
               Moons
               ,
               Horn-Works
               ,
               &c.
               famous
               for
               the
               notable
               Resistance
               it
               made
               first
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Parma
               ,
               
               and
               afterwards
               to
               the
               Marquess
               Spinola
               besieging
               of
               it
               ,
               Anno
               1622
               ,
               At
               our
               being
               there
               it
               was
               held
               with
               a
               strong
               Garrison
               ,
               consisting
               of
               twelve
               Companies
               of
               Foot
               ,
               two
               whereof
               were
               English
               ,
               and
               two
               Troops
               of
               Horse
               ,
               beside
               four
               Companies
               of
               Townsmen
               .
            
             
               May
               21.
               we
               travelled
               to
               Breda
               ,
               
               eight
               hours
               distant
               from
               Bergen
               ,
               for
               so
               they
               reckon
               or
               measure
               their
               way
               in
               these
               Countreys
               ,
               by
               the
               time
               they
               spend
               in
               passing
               it
               .
               This
               Town
               is
               considerable
               for
               its
               bigness
               ,
               well
               built
               and
               populous
               ;
               of
               great
               Strength
               ,
               being
               encompassed
               with
               very
               thick
               Walls
               and
               Mounts
               of
               Earth
               and
               two
               Trenches
               full
               of
               Water
               ,
               the
               one
               broad
               and
               deep
               :
               At
               our
               Entrance
               in
               we
               passed
               through
               two
               Ports
               ,
               and
               over
               five
               Draw-Bridges
               .
               It
               belongs
               to
               the
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               ,
               who
               hath
               a
               Castle
               and
               a
               fair
               Palace
               in
               the
               Town
               .
               Here
               are
               maintained
               in
               Garrison
               for
               defence
               of
               this
               important
               Strength
               thirteen
               Companies
               of
               Foot
               ,
               two
               whereof
               were
               English
               at
               our
               being
               there
               ,
               and
               four
               Troops
               of
               Horse
               .
               Ever
               since
               the
               Surprise
               of
               this
               Town
               by
               the
               Truf-Boat
               ,
               it
               is
               the
               Custom
               to
               search
               all
               Boats
               laden
               with
               Commodities
               that
               enter
               here
               by
               stabbing
               them
               through
               in
               sundry
               places
               with
               a
               Spit
               .
            
             
               May
               22.
               we
               travelled
               from
               Breda
               first
               to
               S.
               Gertrudenberg
               ,
               
               belonging
               to
               the
               States
               ,
               no
               great
               Town
               ,
               but
               well
               fortified
               and
               entrencht
               ,
               garrison'd
               by
               three
               Companies
               of
               Foot
               ,
               one
               whereof
               was
               English
               ,
               and
               a
               Troop
               of
               Horse
               :
               and
               from
               Gertrudenberg
               the
               same
               day
               by
               water
               to
               Dordrecht
               or
               Dort
               ,
               
               a
               large
               City
               ,
               very
               rich
               and
               populous
               ,
               well
               built
               with
               tall
               Houses
               of
               Brick
               ,
               not
               inferiour
               to
               those
               of
               Antwerp
               .
               The
               Streets
               elegantly
               paved
               ,
               in
               the
               middle
               with
               Stone
               ,
               and
               on
               each
               side
               next
               the
               houses
               with
               Brick
               set
               edgeways
               ,
               so
               clean
               that
               a
               man
               may
               walk
               them
               in
               Slippers
               without
               wetting
               his
               foot
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               Winter
               .
               Thus
               paved
               and
               thus
               cleanly
               kept
               are
               
               the
               Streets
               of
               all
               the
               Cities
               and
               great
               Towns
               in
               Holland
               .
               The
               English
               Merchants
               have
               great
               Privileges
               ,
               and
               keep
               their
               Court
               in
               this
               Town
               .
               Here
               are
               two
               English
               Churches
               and
               one
               French.
               From
               the
               Tower
               of
               the
               principal
               Church
               we
               had
               a
               fair
               Prospect
               of
               the
               City
               and
               Countrey
               adjacent
               ,
               the
               Steeple
               of
               Breda
               coming
               into
               view
               .
               In
               one
               of
               the
               upper
               Rooms
               of
               the
               Gunners
               Doel
               or
               Guild
               sate
               the
               Synod
               assembled
               here
               ,
               Anno
               1611.
               
               The
               Seats
               round
               about
               are
               still
               remaining
               .
            
             
               May
               23.
               we
               took
               places
               in
               one
               of
               the
               Passage-Boats
               that
               go
               off
               several
               times
               daily
               to
               Roterdam
               ,
               
               some
               three
               Leagues
               distant
               from
               Dort
               ,
               which
               brought
               us
               thither
               in
               five
               hours
               .
               Roterdam
               is
               of
               a
               triangular
               Figure
               ,
               and
               much
               larger
               than
               I
               thought
               it
               to
               have
               been
               .
               It
               equals
               if
               not
               exceeds
               any
               City
               in
               Holland
               except
               Amsterdam
               and
               perhaps
               Leyden
               .
               It
               hath
               been
               lately
               much
               augmented
               by
               the
               addition
               of
               many
               Streets
               of
               new
               buildings
               .
               Near
               the
               principal
               Church
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               Laurence
               is
               a
               little
               House
               where
               Erasmus
               was
               born
               ,
               over
               the
               door
               of
               which
               is
               placed
               his
               Picture
               ,
               and
               on
               one
               side
               of
               that
               this
               Distich
               written
               ,
               
                 
                   Aedibus
                   his
                   ortus
                   mundum
                   decoravit
                   Erasmus
                
                 
                   Artibus
                   ingenuis
                   ,
                   relligione
                   ,
                   fide
                   .
                
              
               Under
               it
               in
               Spanish
               this
               ,
               
                 
                   En
                   esta
                   casa
                   es
                   nacido
                   Erasmo
                   Theologo
                   celebrado
                   ,
                
                 
                   Par
                   doctrina
                   sennalado
                   ,
                   la
                   pura
                   fee
                   nos
                   a
                   revelado
                   .
                
              
               And
               in
               Latin
               this
               ,
               
                 
                   Fatalis
                   series
                   nobis
                   invidit
                   Erasmum
                   ,
                
                 
                   At
                   Desiderium
                   tollere
                   non
                   potuit
                   .
                
              
            
             
               In
               a
               large
               Piazza
               stands
               a
               stately
               Brass
               Statue
               erected
               to
               his
               Memory
               ,
               with
               the
               Figure
               of
               a
               Book
               
               of
               the
               same
               Metal
               in
               its
               hand
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               posture
               of
               turning
               over
               a
               Leaf
               ,
               of
               which
               in
               drollery
               the
               People
               say
               ,
               that
               every
               time
               it
               hears
               the
               Clock
               strike
               ,
               it
               turneth
               over
               a
               Leaf
               .
               The
               Citizens
               of
               Roterdam
               exercise
               no
               Handicraft
               or
               Manufacture
               to
               trade
               withal
               ,
               but
               all
               their
               Riches
               proceed
               from
               their
               Sea-Trade
               and
               Merchandise
               .
               They
               have
               a
               very
               good
               Port
               ,
               Ships
               of
               great
               Burthen
               coming
               up
               in
               deep
               Chanels
               into
               the
               very
               Town
               :
               where
               they
               lie
               secure
               from
               all
               danger
               ,
               and
               lade
               and
               unlade
               their
               Commodities
               at
               the
               Merchants
               doors
               .
               The
               Government
               is
               by
               a
               President
               ,
               four
               Burgomasters
               ,
               and
               twenty
               four
               Magistrates
               or
               Senators
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               the
               Vroetschap
               .
               These
               chuse
               all
               publick
               Officers
               out
               of
               their
               own
               number
               .
               Themselves
               continue
               in
               place
               during
               life
               ,
               and
               when
               any
               one
               dies
               ,
               the
               rest
               chuse
               out
               of
               the
               Citizens
               another
               into
               his
               room
               .
               So
               that
               the
               People
               have
               no
               interest
               or
               share
               at
               all
               in
               the
               Government
               .
               The
               form
               of
               Government
               is
               most
               what
               the
               same
               in
               all
               the
               other
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               of
               Holland
               ,
               only
               the
               number
               of
               Counsellours
               or
               the
               Vroetschap
               is
               in
               some
               more
               ,
               in
               some
               less
               .
            
             
               Every
               hour
               of
               the
               day
               at
               the
               ringing
               of
               a
               Bell
               goes
               off
               a
               Passage-Boat
               ,
               
               somewhat
               like
               our
               Pleasure-Barges
               on
               the
               Thames
               ,
               to
               Delft
               .
               We
               took
               places
               in
               one
               of
               these
               ,
               May
               25.
               which
               in
               two
               hours
               time
               brought
               us
               to
               Delft
               ,
               three
               Dutch
               miles
               .
               This
               is
               also
               a
               large
               City
               ,
               fair
               and
               well-built
               ,
               water
               runs
               through
               many
               of
               the
               Streets
               .
               The
               Stadthouse
               is
               a
               very
               handsom
               Structure
               .
               Here
               are
               two
               large
               Churches
               ,
               the
               one
               called
               the
               old
               ,
               the
               other
               the
               new
               Kirk
               .
               In
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Quire
               of
               the
               new
               Kirk
               is
               a
               stately
               Monument
               erected
               to
               the
               Memory
               of
               Grave
               William
               of
               Nassaw
               ,
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               (
               who
               was
               assassinated
               here
               )
               with
               this
               Inscription
               :
               
                 
                 D.
                 O.
                 M.
                 
                 Et
                 
                 Aeternae
                 memoriae
                 
                 Guilielmi
                 Nassovii
                 ,
                 
                 Supremi
                 Arausiouensium
                 Prinicipis
                 ,
                 
                 Patr.
                 Patr.
                 
                 Qui
                 Belgii
                 fortunis
                 suas
                 posthabuit
                 
                 Et
                 suorum
                 .
                 
                 Validissimos
                 exercitus
                 aere
                 plurimum
                 privato
                 
                 Bis
                 conscripsit
                 ,
                 bis
                 induxit
                 ;
                 
                 Ordinum
                 auspiciis
                 Hispaniae
                 tyrannidem
                 propulit
                 :
                 
                 Verae
                 religionis
                 cultum
                 ,
                 avitas
                 patriae
                 leges
                 
                 Revocavit
                 ,
                 restituit
                 :
                 
                 Ipsam
                 deniq●
                 libertatem
                 tantùm
                 non
                 assertam
                 
                 Mauritio
                 Principi
                 
                 Paternae
                 virtutis
                 ●haeredi
                 filio
                 
                 Stabiliendam
                 reliquit
                 ;
                 
                 Herois
                 vere
                 filii
                 ,
                 prudentis
                 ,
                 invicti
                 :
                 
                 Quem
                 Philip.
                 II.
                 Hisp
                 .
                 R.
                 ille
                 Europae
                 timor
                 timuit
                 ,
                 
                 Non
                 domuit
                 ,
                 non
                 terruit
                 ;
                 
                 Sed
                 empto
                 percussore
                 fraude
                 nefanda
                 
                 Sustulit
                 .
                 
                 Foederat
                 .
                 Belg.
                 Provinc
                 .
                 
                 Perenne
                 mentor
                 ,
                 monum
                 .
                 
                 Fec
                 .
                 
              
            
             
               In
               the
               Quire
               of
               the
               old
               Kirk
               is
               a
               Monument
               to
               
                 Van
                 Trump
              
               with
               this
               Inscription
               :
               
                 
                   Aeternae
                   Memoriae
                   .
                   
                   Qui
                   Batavas
                   ,
                   qui
                   virtutem
                   ac
                   verum
                   laborem
                   amas
                   ,
                   
                   Lege
                   ac
                   luge
                   .
                   
                   Batavoe
                   gentis
                   decus
                   ,
                   virtutis
                   bellicae
                   fulmen
                   hic
                   jacet
                   ,
                   
                   qui
                   vivus
                   nunquam
                   jacuit
                   ,
                   &
                   imperatorem
                   stantem
                   
                   mori
                   debere
                   suo
                   exemplo
                   docuit
                   :
                   amor
                   civium
                   ,
                   hostium
                   
                   terror
                   ,
                   Oceani
                   stupor
                   ,
                   
                     Martinus
                     Harperti
                     
                     Trompius
                  
                   :
                   Quo
                   nomine
                   plures
                   continentur
                   laudes
                   
                   
                   quàm
                   hic
                   lapis
                   capit
                   sanè
                   angustior
                   ,
                   Et
                   cui
                   Schola
                   Oriens
                   &
                   Occidens
                   ,
                   mare
                   materia
                   triumphorum
                   ,
                   universus
                   Orbis
                   theatrum
                   gloriae
                   fuit
                   :
                   praedonum
                   certa
                   pernicies
                   ,
                   commercii
                   felix
                   assertor
                   ,
                   familiaritate
                   utilis
                   non
                   vilis
                   ,
                   postquam
                   nautas
                   ac
                   milites
                   durum
                   genus
                   paterno
                   &
                   cum
                   efficacia
                   benigno
                   rexit
                   imperio
                   ,
                   post
                   L
                   praelia
                   quorum
                   Dux
                   fuit
                   aut
                   pars
                   magna
                   ,
                   post
                   insignes
                   supra
                   fidem
                   victorias
                   ,
                   post
                   summos
                   infra
                   meritum
                   honores
                   ,
                   tandem
                   bello
                   Anglico
                   tan●ùm
                   non
                   victor
                   ,
                   certè
                   invictus
                   ,
                   
                     X.
                     Aug.
                  
                   Anno
                   
                     Aerie
                     Christianae
                     MDVCLIII
                     .
                     Aet
                     .
                     LVI
                     .
                  
                   vivere
                   ac
                   vincere
                   desiit
                   .
                   Foederati
                   Belgii
                   Patres
                   Heroi
                   optimè
                   merito
                   
                     M.
                     P.
                  
                   
                
              
               Over
               his
               Arms
               this
               written
               ,
               
                 *
                 Vrbs
                 Phoebi
                 cineres
                 jactat
                 ,
                 sed
                 currus
                 *
                 honores
                 
                 Ingreditur
                 quoties
                 egrediturque
                 mari
                 .
                 
              
            
             
               One
               
                 Jean
                 vander
                 Mere
              
               an
               Apothecary
               in
               this
               Town
               hath
               a
               Musaeum
               well
               stored
               with
               natural
               and
               artificial
               Rarities
               ,
               which
               we
               viewed
               ,
               and
               therein
               observed
               among
               many
               bother
               things
               the
               following
               particulars
               .
               Zibetta
               or
               the
               Civet
               Cat.
               
                 Dens
                 Hippopotami
              
               ,
               as
               he
               pretended
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               a
               Question
               whether
               or
               no
               there
               be
               any
               such
               Animal
               as
               the
               
                 Hippopotamus
                 ,
                 Dentes
                 Phocoe
                 ,
                 Cornu
                 Gazellae
                 ,
              
               of
               these
               we
               have
               since
               that
               seen
               in
               several
               Cabinets
               ,
               
                 Costa
                 Sirenis
                 dicta
                 ,
                 Cornua
                 hirci
                 Bezoardici
                 ,
                 Cornua
                 &
                 pedes
                 Alcis
              
               ;
               This
               Animal
               in
               English
               we
               call
               an
               Elk
               ,
               I
               take
               it
               to
               be
               the
               same
               which
               in
               
                 New
                 England
              
               and
               Virginia
               they
               call
               a
               Moose
               ,
               it
               is
               of
               the
               Deer-kind
               ,
               the
               biggest
               and
               tallest
               of
               that
               genus
               .
               The
               Horns
               have
               no
               Brow-Antlets
               ,
               but
               only
               a
               broad
               palm
               with
               several
               Snags
               upon
               it
               .
               I
               have
               seen
               one
               of
               these
               Horns
               at
               Mr.
               
               Holney's
               an
               Apothecary
               in
               Lewis
               that
               weighed
               25
               pounds
               :
               The
               Skin
               of
               an
               Elk
               stuft
               we
               saw
               in
               the
               Great
               Duke's
               Gallery
               at
               
                 Florence
                 .
                 Cornu-cervi
                 
                 Americani
              
               .
               The
               Rattle-Snakes
               Skin
               .
               An
               Elephants
               Tail
               ,
               a
               very
               small
               thing
               considering
               the
               bigness
               of
               the
               Animal
               .
               
                 Lacertus
                 Indicus
                 squamosus
                 .
                 Acûs
                 piscis
              
               4
               species
               .
               A
               piece
               of
               a
               
               Rhinocerot's
               Skin
               .
               At
               the
               Anatomical
               Theatre
               we
               saw
               the
               whole
               Skin
               of
               a
               young
               Rhinocerot
               stuft
               .
               The
               Head
               of
               a
               Dolphin
               .
               A
               Giants
               tooth
               ,
               
                 si
                 credere
                 fas
                 sit
              
               .
               The
               Head
               of
               a
               horned
               Hare
               .
               A
               Chamaeleon
               .
               A
               
               Soland-Goose
               out
               of
               Groenland
               .
               A
               Tatou
               or
               
                 Armadillo
                 .
                 Os
                 petrosum
                 Balaenae
              
               .
               A
               young
               Whale
               .
               A
               Morse
               or
               Sea-horses
               Head.
               Guaina
               ,
               a
               Fish
               from
               the
               Island
               
                 Mauritius
                 .
                 Petim-buaba
              
               or
               the
               Tobacco-pipe
               Fish
               .
               
                 Orbis
                 echinatus
                 .
                 Cancer
                 Moluccanus
                 ex
                 novo
                 Belgio
                 ,
              
               which
               some
               call
               the
               Sea-Spider
               .
               
                 Corallium
                 nigrum
                 sive
                 Antipathes
                 .
                 Spongia
                 infundibuli
                 specie
                 .
                 Mustela
                 Africana
                 .
              
               Indian
               Habits
               ,
               an
               Indian
               Saddle
               ,
               several
               sorts
               of
               Indian
               Bread
               ,
               Indian
               Dice
               ,
               several
               antient
               Idols
               .
               The
               Cup
               Prince
               William
               of
               Nassaw
               last
               drank
               out
               of
               .
               
                 Penecillum
                 Sinense
              
               .
               A
               Japan
               Letter
               written
               to
               the
               Dutch
               Governour
               ,
               odly
               painted
               .
               
                 Passer
                 Brasiliensis
              
               .
               Several
               sorts
               of
               Tominio's
               or
               humming
               Birds
               .
               A
               Feather-Garment
               from
               the
               Streights
               of
               
                 Mageliane
                 .
                 Siliqua
                 arboris
                 sacciferae
                 .
                 Nidus
                 avis
                 ex
                 Surat
                 .
                 Cancer
                 Americanus
                 .
              
               Many
               sorts
               of
               Indian
               Tobacco-Pipes
               from
               New
               Belgium
               .
               A
               Dart
               from
               
                 Fretum
                 Davis
              
               ,
               wherewith
               the
               Natives
               kill
               Fish
               .
               A
               Locust
               of
               that
               sort
               that
               S.
               
                 J.
                 Baptist
              
               ate
               in
               the
               Wilderness
               .
               
                 Onocrotali
                 caput
                 .
                 Rostrum
                 Rhinocerotis
                 avis
                 sive
                 Corvi
                 Indici
                 cornuti
              
               of
               Bontius
               ,
               which
               is
               worth
               twelve
               Florens
               at
               Amsterdam
               .
               A
               Cassawaries
               or
               Emeus
               Egg.
               A
               Pelecans
               Skin
               and
               Bill
               .
               Many
               sorts
               of
               Indian
               Weapons
               from
               Brasil
               .
               Eggs
               of
               an
               Indian
               Goose
               .
               
                 Cor
                 Veneris
              
               [
               a
               Shell
               like
               a
               Nerites
               .
               ]
               Star-Stones
               from
               Compostella
               .
               Several
               Indian
               and
               exotick
               Fruits
               and
               Seeds
               .
               
                 Putorius
                 Africanus
              
               with
               Hairs
               spotted
               like
               the
               Quills
               of
               a
               Porcupine
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               City
               is
               a
               Chirurgical
               and
               Anatomical
               Theater
               ,
               where
               Lectures
               are
               read
               every
               Wednesday
               ,
               and
               
               several
               Rarities
               preserved
               ,
               as
               the
               Skin
               of
               a
               young
               Rhinocerot
               stuft
               ,
               before-mentioned
               .
               
                 Lacertus
                 squamosus
              
               of
               a
               different
               kind
               from
               what
               we
               had
               before
               seen
               .
               
                 Manucodiatae
                 seu
                 avis
                 Paradisi
                 nova
                 species
                 .
              
               A
               flying
               Squirrel
               .
               The
               Sceleton
               of
               a
               Dolphin
               .
               The
               Tail
               of
               an
               Indian
               Peacock
               .
               The
               Head
               of
               an
               Elephant
               .
               The
               Horns
               of
               a
               Hare
               .
               The
               Head
               of
               a
               Babiroussa
               ;
               it
               hath
               two
               long
               Tushes
               on
               the
               lower
               Jaw
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               upper
               two
               Horns
               that
               come
               out
               a
               little
               above
               the
               Teeth
               and
               turn
               up
               toward
               the
               Eyes
               .
               In
               the
               Entry
               below
               hangs
               a
               Groenland
               man
               in
               his
               Boat
               ,
               of
               which
               we
               have
               seen
               in
               several
               places
               ,
               particularly
               in
               the
               Trinity-House
               at
               Hull
               .
            
             
               This
               Town
               is
               noted
               for
               good
               earthen
               Ware
               ,
               as
               Stone-Jugs
               ,
               Pots
               ,
               &c.
               of
               which
               great
               Plenty
               is
               made
               here
               .
               The
               Government
               is
               by
               a
               Praetor
               ,
               two
               Burgomasters
               ,
               seven
               Eschevins
               ,
               and
               forty
               Senators
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               here
               as
               in
               other
               Towns
               of
               Holland
               ,
               the
               Vroetschap
               .
            
             
               May
               28.
               we
               went
               by
               Boat
               in
               an
               hours
               time
               from
               Delf
               to
               the
               Hague
               ,
               
               which
               though
               not
               walled
               about
               is
               rather
               a
               great
               City
               than
               a
               Village
               .
               It
               hath
               fair
               Streets
               ,
               stately
               and
               beautiful
               Houses
               ,
               especially
               about
               the
               Palace
               where
               the
               States
               sit
               .
               Near
               this
               Town
               is
               a
               large
               Grove
               full
               of
               pleasant
               Walks
               ;
               where
               we
               first
               observed
               Monophyllum
               growing
               wild
               in
               great
               plenty
               .
               At
               Scheveling
               a
               Village
               by
               the
               Sea-Side
               ,
               a
               mile
               from
               the
               Hague
               ,
               we
               found
               a
               sort
               of
               
                 Spartum
                 maritimum
              
               much
               taller
               and
               larger
               than
               our
               English
               kind
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               Hague
               we
               made
               an
               excursion
               to
               a
               Village
               called
               Lausdun
               ,
               
               distant
               about
               an
               hour
               and
               halfs
               riding
               ,
               famous
               for
               the
               Burial
               of
               the
               Countess
               of
               Zealand
               and
               her
               365
               Children
               .
               The
               two
               Brass
               Basins
               in
               which
               they
               are
               reported
               to
               have
               been
               baptized
               hang
               up
               still
               in
               this
               Church
               ,
               an
               over
               them
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               which
               contains
               the
               History
               .
            
             
               
               
                 
                   
                     
                       En
                       tibi
                       monstrosum
                       nimis
                       &
                       memorabile
                       factum
                       ,
                       
                       Quale
                       nec
                       à
                       mundi
                       conditione
                       datum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Margarita
                         Hermanni
                      
                       Comitis
                       .
                       Hennenbergiae
                       Vxor
                       
                         Quarti
                         Florenti
                      
                       Comitis
                       Hollandiae
                       &
                       Zelandiae
                       Filia
                       ,
                       Gulielmi
                       Regis
                       Romanorum
                       ac
                       postea
                       Caesaris
                       seu
                       gubernatoris
                       Imperii
                       atque
                       Aletheiae
                       Comitis
                       Hannoniae
                       Soror
                       ;
                       cujus
                       Patruus
                       Episcopus
                       Trajectensis
                       ,
                       Avun●uli
                       autem
                       filius
                       Dux
                       Brabantiae
                       ,
                       &
                       Comes
                       Thuringiae
                       ,
                       &c.
                       
                       Haec
                       autem
                       illustrissima
                       Comitissa
                       ,
                       annos
                       quadraginta
                       circiter
                       nata
                       ,
                       ipso
                       die
                       Parasceues
                       ,
                       nonam
                       circiter
                       horam
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1276.
                       365
                       enixa
                       est
                       pueros
                       ,
                       qui
                       priùs
                       à
                       Guidone
                       Suffraganeo
                       Trajectensi
                       omnes
                       in
                       duabus
                       ex
                       aere
                       pelvibus
                       baptizali
                       sunt
                       ,
                       quorum
                       masculi
                       quotquot
                       erant
                       Joannes
                       ,
                       puellae
                       autem
                       omnes
                       Elizabethae
                       vocatae
                       sunt
                       ,
                       qui
                       simul
                       omnes
                       cum
                       matre
                       uno
                       eodemqùe
                       die
                       fatis
                       concesserunt
                       ,
                       atque
                       in
                       hoc
                       Lat●sdunensi
                       templo
                       sepulti
                       jacent
                       .
                       Quod
                       quidem
                       accidit
                       ob●
                       pouperculam
                       quandam
                       foeminam
                       ,
                       quae
                       ex
                       uno
                       partu
                       gemellos
                       in
                       ulnis
                       gestabat
                       pueros
                       ,
                       quam
                       rem
                       ipsa
                       Comitissa
                       admirata
                       dicebat
                       ,
                       id
                       per
                       unum
                       virum
                       fieri
                       non
                       posse
                       ,
                       ipsamque
                       contumeliose
                       rejecit
                       ;
                       unde
                       hae●
                       paupercula
                       animo
                       perturbata
                       atque
                       perculsa
                       ,
                       mox
                       tantum
                       prolium
                       numerum
                       ex
                       uno
                       partu
                       ipsi
                       imprecabatur
                       ,
                       quot
                       vel
                       totius
                       anni
                       dies
                       numerentur
                       .
                       Quod
                       quidem
                       praeter
                       naturae
                       cursunt
                       obstupenda
                       quadam
                       ratione
                       ita
                       factum
                       est
                       ,
                       sicut
                       in
                       hac
                       tabula
                       in
                       perpetuam
                       hujus
                       rei
                       memoriam
                       ,
                       ex
                       vetustis
                       tam
                       manuscriptis
                       quàm
                       typis
                       excusis
                       Chronicis
                       breviter
                       positum
                       &
                       enarratum
                       est
                       .
                       Deus
                       ille
                       ter
                       maximus
                       hac
                       de
                       re
                       suspiciendus
                       ,
                       honorandus
                       ac
                       laudibus
                       extollendus
                       in
                       sempiterna
                       secula
                       .
                       Amen
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               May
               31.
               we
               took
               places
               in
               one
               of
               the
               Passage
               Boats
               from
               the
               Hague
               to
               Leyden
               ,
               
               which
               brought
               us
               thither
               in
               three
               hours
               .
               These
               Boats
               are
               drawn
               to
               and
               fro
               by
               Horses
               .
               Leyden
               is
               next
               to
               Amsterdam
               I
               think
               the
               greatest
               City
               in
               Holland
               ;
               and
               well
               built
               .
               In
               the
               great
               Church
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               Peter
               ,
               are
               many
               Monuments
               set
               up
               to
               the
               Memory
               of
               persons
               eminent
               for
               Learning
               ,
               as
               Heurnius
               the
               famous
               Physician
               ,
               
                 Bontius
                 ,
                 Tho.
                 Erpenius
                 ,
                 Rembertus
                 Dodonaeus
                 ,
                 Antonius
                 Thysius
                 ,
                 Festus
                 Hommius
                 ,
                 Everardus
                 Bronckhorst
                 ,
              
               and
               others
               ,
               their
               Inscriptions
               you
               may
               find
               in
               Hegenitius
               his
               
                 Itinerarium
                 Hollandiae
              
               .
               In
               the
               French
               Church
               lie
               buried
               
                 Joseph
                 Scaliger
                 ,
                 Carolus
                 Clusius
                 ,
                 Willebrordus
                 Snellius
              
               and
               
                 Joannes
                 Polyander
                 à
                 Kerckhove
              
               .
            
             
               The
               Schools
               are
               Pile
               of
               Building
               of
               Brick
               ,
               three
               Stories
               high
               ,
               containing
               two
               Rooms
               on
               a
               Floor
               .
               The
               lower
               two
               are
               the
               Divinity
               and
               Physick
               Schools
               .
               The
               middle
               the
               Law
               and
               Philosophy
               Schools
               .
               The
               uppermost
               or
               Garrets
               are
               the
               
                 Officina
                 Elzeviriana
              
               .
               The
               following
               
                 Series
                 Lectionum
              
               (
               of
               which
               sort
               there
               is
               one
               yearly
               printed
               and
               affixed
               to
               the
               School-gates
               )
               will
               give
               an
               account
               ,
               what
               were
               the
               Names
               of
               the
               Professors
               in
               each
               Faculty
               at
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               there
               ,
               and
               what
               Books
               and
               at
               what
               hours
               they
               read
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         Rector
                         &
                         Senatus
                         Academiae
                         Lugduno-Bat
                         .
                      
                       
                         Lectori
                         Salutem
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       CVmin
                       constitutione
                       Academiarum
                       nihil
                       magis
                       spectetur
                       ,
                       quam
                       Lectionum
                       series
                       ,
                       quae
                       in
                       omni
                       Facultate
                       hybernis
                       &
                       aestivis
                       temporibus
                       habentur
                       :
                       visum
                       
                       nobis
                       fuit
                       ,
                       ut
                       de
                       his
                       non
                       nostris
                       tantum
                       ,
                       sed
                       &
                       exteris
                       constaret
                       ,
                       brevem
                       indicem
                       earum
                       ,
                       &
                       tabellam
                       quasi
                       dare
                       :
                       ut
                       qui
                       Academiae
                       hujus
                       nostrae
                       celebritatem
                       apud
                       alios
                       commemorari
                       audiunt
                       ,
                       quid
                       in
                       ea
                       doceatur
                       ,
                       intelligant
                       ,
                       priusquam
                       ad
                       eam
                       accedant
                       :
                       aut
                       potius
                       ut
                       accedant
                       ,
                       cultumque
                       animi
                       in
                       ea
                       percipiant
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Ordo
                         LECTIONUM
                         Aestivarum
                         in
                         Academia
                         Batava
                         Leidensi
                         .
                         Anno
                         1663.
                         
                      
                       
                         MANE
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           HORA
                           OCTAVA
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Joannes
                             van
                             Horne
                          
                           ,
                           Anat.
                           &
                           Chir.
                           Profess
                           .
                           ord
                           .
                           in
                           Institutionibus
                           Medicinae
                           praelegit
                           Methodum
                           Medendi
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           HORA
                           NONA
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Joannes
                             Cocceius
                          
                           ,
                           SS
                           .
                           Theol.
                           Doct.
                           &
                           Professor
                           ,
                           Epistolam
                           Pauli
                           ad
                           Philippenses
                           succinctè
                           explicat
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Albertus
                             Rusius
                          
                           ,
                           J.
                           V.
                           D.
                           &
                           Prof.
                           Institutiones
                           Juris
                           interpretatur
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Jacobus
                             Golius
                          
                           ,
                           Prof.
                           Matheseos
                           ,
                           Element●
                           Astronomica
                           exponit
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           HORA
                           DECIMA
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Abrahamus
                             Heidanus
                          
                           ,
                           SS
                           .
                           Theol.
                           Doct.
                           &
                           Professor
                           ,
                           locos
                           communes
                           profitetur
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Daniel
                             Colonius
                          
                           ,
                           J.
                           V.
                           D.
                           &
                           Professor
                           ,
                           Academiae
                           à
                           Secretis
                           ,
                           Codicem
                           interpretatur
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Adolfus
                             Vorstius
                          
                           ,
                           Med.
                           Doct.
                           &
                           Professor
                           primarius
                           ,
                           interpretatur
                           Aphorismos
                           Hippocratis
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Henricus
                             Bornius
                          
                           ,
                           Philosophiae
                           Professor
                           ,
                           Studiorum
                           Celsissimi
                           Arausionensium
                           Principis
                           Ephorus
                           ;
                           Ethicam
                           profitetur
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                           
                             D.
                             David
                             Stuartus
                          
                           ,
                           L.
                           A.
                           M.
                           SS
                           .
                           Theol.
                           Doctor
                           &
                           Philosophiae
                           Professor
                           Logices
                           Praecepta
                           &
                           Quaestiones
                           illustres
                           Metaphysicas
                           ,
                           alternis
                           interpretarur
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           HORA
                           UNDECIMA
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Joh.
                             Antonides
                             vander
                             Linden
                          
                           ,
                           Doct.
                           &
                           Professor
                           Medicinae
                           Practicae
                           primus
                           ,
                           Morbos
                           particulares
                           cognoscendi
                           &
                           curandi
                           methodum
                           juxta
                           Rationalis
                           Medicinoe
                           praecepta
                           tradit
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             D.
                             Antonius
                             Thysius
                          
                           ,
                           J.
                           V.
                           D.
                           &
                           Eloquentiae
                           Professor
                           ,
                           Illustriss
                           .
                           &
                           Praepot
                           .
                           D.
                           D.
                           Ordinum
                           Holland
                           .
                           &
                           West
                           Fris
                           .
                           Historicus
                           ,
                           &
                           Bibliothecoe
                           publicae
                           proefectus
                           ,
                           ad
                           Pomponium
                           Melam
                           memorabilia
                           totius
                           terrarum
                           orbis
                           exponit
                           .
                           Diebus
                           autem
                           Mercurii
                           &
                           Saturni
                           Jus
                           publicum
                           interpretatur
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           A
                           MERIDIE
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             HORA
                             PRIMA
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Jacobus
                               Golius
                            
                             ,
                             in
                             Arabicis
                             Alcoranum
                             interpretatur
                             ,
                             &
                             ubi
                             opus
                             est
                             refutat
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Johannes
                               Fredericus
                               Gronovius
                            
                             ,
                             J.
                             V.
                             D.
                             &
                             Linguae
                             Graecae
                             Groecarumque
                             Historiarum
                             Professor
                             ,
                             alteruis
                             Herodianum
                             &
                             Historiam
                             Romanam
                             recitabit
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             HORA
                             SECUNDA
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Johannes
                               Hoornbeek
                            
                             ,
                             SS
                             .
                             Theol.
                             Doctor
                             &
                             Professor
                             ,
                             librum
                             Mosis
                             explicat
                             ,
                             Leviticum
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Adrianus
                               Beeckerts
                               à
                               Thierien
                            
                             ,
                             J.
                             V.
                             D.
                             &
                             Professor
                             ,
                             Acad.
                             in
                             praesens
                             Rector
                             ,
                             Pandectas
                             interpretatur
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Franciscus
                               de
                               le
                               Boe
                               ,
                               Sylvius
                               ,
                            
                             Medicinoe
                             practic●
                             Professor
                             ,
                             Affectus
                             graviorts
                             ,
                             frequenti●sve
                             in
                             Praxi
                             Medieâ
                             obvenienies
                             tractat
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                           
                             HORA
                             TERTIA.
                             
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Allardus
                               Uchtmannus
                            
                             ,
                             Hebr.
                             Ling.
                             Professor
                             ,
                             Pentateuchi
                             capita
                             selecta
                             &
                             difficiliora
                             interpretabitur
                             in
                             Genesi
                             ,
                             &
                             Hebraeam
                             Grammaticam
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Georgius
                               Hornius
                            
                             ,
                             Historiarum
                             Prof.
                             alternatim
                             C.
                             Tacitum
                             &
                             Historiam
                             Vniversalem
                             interpretatur
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             HORA
                             QUARTA
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Stephanus
                               Marchant
                            
                             ,
                             J.
                             V.
                             D.
                             &
                             Prof.
                             Institutiones
                             Juris
                             interpretatur
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Joannes
                               de
                               Raei
                            
                             ,
                             L.
                             A.
                             M.
                             Medicinoe
                             Doctor
                             &
                             Philosophiae
                             Professor
                             ordinar
                             .
                             profitetur
                             Physicam
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Adolfus
                               Vorstius
                            
                             ,
                             Medicinae
                             &
                             Botanices
                             Professor
                             primarius
                             ,
                             Plantas
                             in
                             Horto
                             Acad.
                             demonstrat
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                               D.
                               Petrus
                               à
                               Schooten
                            
                             ,
                             Math.
                             Prof.
                             Belgicus
                             ,
                             Fortificationem
                             exponit
                             ,
                             deinde
                             Perspectivam
                             ,
                             tum
                             communem
                             ,
                             tum
                             curiosam
                             ,
                             ejusque
                             in
                             Cosmographia
                             &
                             Gnomonicis
                             usum
                             scientifice
                             est
                             explicaturus
                             :
                             Hora
                             undecima
                             loco
                             solito
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           D.
                           Johannes
                           Antonides
                           vander
                           Linden
                           ,
                           Med.
                           practicae
                           Professor
                           primus
                           ,
                           alternis
                           trimestribus
                           in
                           publico
                           Nosocomio
                           Studiosos
                           Medicinae
                           singulis
                           septimanis
                           aliquoties
                           in
                           aegrotorum
                           visitationibus
                           ,
                           &
                           morborum
                           ,
                           qui
                           sese
                           offerunt
                           ,
                           cognoscendi
                           atque
                           curandi
                           ratione
                           instruit
                           ,
                           causasque
                           mortis
                           in
                           cadaveribus
                           dissectis
                           ad
                           oculatam
                           ,
                           quantum
                           fieri
                           potest
                           ,
                           fidem
                           demonstrat
                           .
                        
                         
                           D.
                           Franciscus
                           de
                           le
                           Boe
                           ,
                           Sylvius
                           ,
                           Medicinae
                           Practicae
                           Professor
                           in
                           Nosocomio
                           publico
                           trimestribus
                           alternis
                           ,
                           diebus
                           singulis
                           ,
                           exceptis
                           Dominicis
                           ,
                           Studiosos
                           Medicinae
                           in
                           Morborum
                           dignotione
                           per
                           sua
                           signa
                           ,
                           cognitione
                           per
                           suas
                           causas
                           ,
                           &
                           curatione
                           per
                           sua
                           indicata
                           exercet
                           ,
                           atque
                           sic
                           ad
                           praxin
                           manuducit
                           .
                           Quicquid
                           autem
                           de
                           partibus
                           verè
                           affectis
                           &
                           eausis
                           affectuum
                           latentibus
                           capi
                           sensibus
                           
                           potert
                           ,
                           id
                           omne
                           in
                           demortuorum
                           sectione
                           rimatur
                           &
                           patefacit
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exercitia
                           Anatomica
                           publica
                           fient
                           mensibus
                           Hybernis
                           à
                           D.
                           Joanne
                           van
                           Horne
                           ,
                           Anatomes
                           &
                           Chirurgiae
                           Professore
                           Ordinario
                           .
                        
                         
                           D.
                           Antonius
                           Thysius
                           ,
                           Eloquentiae
                           Professor
                           ,
                           Collegium
                           Oratorium
                           publicum
                           instituit
                           .
                        
                         
                           D.
                           Henricus
                           Bornius
                           ,
                           Philosophiae
                           Professor
                           ,
                           Studiorum
                           Celsissimi
                           Arausionensium
                           Principis
                           Ephorus
                           ,
                           in
                           omni
                           Philosophiae
                           parte
                           Collegia
                           habet
                           &
                           Disputationes
                           ,
                           ac
                           in
                           illustr
                           .
                           V.
                           H.
                           Grotii
                           lib.
                           de
                           Jure
                           Belli
                           ac
                           Pacis
                           Exercitationes
                           instituit
                           .
                        
                         
                           D.
                           Johannes
                           Fredericus
                           Gronovius
                           Graecae
                           Linguae
                           &
                           Gr●●carum
                           Historiarum
                           Professor
                           ,
                           Graecos
                           &
                           Latinos
                           auctores
                           antiquos
                           ,
                           quos
                           studiosi
                           desiderabunt
                           ,
                           privatis
                           Collegiis
                           interpretabitur
                           .
                        
                         
                           Ex
                           Authoritate
                           publica
                           ,
                           diebus
                           Mercurii
                           &
                           Saturni
                           ,
                           Georgio
                           Hornio
                           Collegii
                           Oratorii
                           publici
                           Praeside
                           ,
                           in
                           omnis
                           generis
                           &
                           illustris
                           argumenti
                           Orationibus
                           ,
                           ut
                           &
                           disputationibus
                           Politicis
                           habendis
                           ,
                           publicè
                           exercere
                           se
                           possunt
                           ,
                           quotquot
                           illis
                           studlis
                           operam
                           suam
                           addixerunt
                           .
                        
                         
                           D.
                           David
                           Stuartus
                           Philosophiae
                           Professor
                           Collegia
                           Explicatoria
                           ,
                           Examinatoria
                           &
                           Disputatoria
                           per
                           totam
                           Philosophiam
                           auspicatur
                           ter
                           in
                           anno
                           ,
                           mense
                           videl
                           .
                           Sept.
                           Jan.
                           April
                           .
                           eaque
                           trimestri
                           constanter
                           absolvit
                           ;
                           ut
                           Academica
                           juventus
                           Philosophiae
                           stadium
                           saepius
                           decurrat
                           a●●ispatio
                           .
                           Disputationes
                           etiam
                           publicas
                           de
                           illustribus
                           materiis
                           habet
                           ,
                           cum
                           praesto
                           sunt
                           Respondentes
                           ,
                           singulis
                           septimanis
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               Adjoining
               to
               the
               School-Yard
               is
               the
               Physick-Garden
               ,
               a
               Square
               of
               less
               than
               an
               Acre
               of
               Ground
               ,
               but
               well
               stored
               with
               Plants
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               have
               been
               at
               sundry
               times
               several
               Catalogues
               printed
               .
               Here
               are
               no
               Colleges
               for
               Students
               to
               live
               in
               ,
               as
               in
               our
               Universities
               ,
               (
               excepting
               two
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               Hospitals
               for
               the
               maintenance
               only
               of
               poor
               Scholar●
               )
               but
               the
               Students
               live
               in
               private
               Lodgings
               in
               
               the
               Town
               ,
               where
               they
               can
               best
               provide
               themselves
               .
               No
               Scholastical
               Habits
               as
               Gowns
               or
               Caps
               worn
               by
               any
               of
               the
               Students
               ,
               but
               they
               walk
               up
               and
               down
               ,
               come
               to
               the
               Schools
               ,
               and
               perform
               their
               Exercises
               in
               Cloaks
               .
               The
               Professors
               when
               they
               read
               Lectures
               or
               preside
               at
               Disputations
               wear
               Gowns
               .
               No
               capping
               Professors
               or
               University-Officers
               in
               the
               publick
               Schools
               ,
               but
               all
               the
               Students
               are
               covered
               both
               at
               Lectures
               and
               Disputations
               ,
               not
               only
               in
               the
               University
               ,
               but
               in
               all
               the
               Universities
               we
               have
               been
               at
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               .
               If
               an
               desire
               to
               be
               admitted
               of
               the
               University
               ,
               they
               go
               to
               the
               
                 Rector
                 magnificus
              
               ,
               who
               gives
               them
               each
               a
               Seal
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               are
               freed
               from
               paying
               Exeise
               .
               The
               Students
               usually
               list
               themselves
               under
               some
               Professor
               ,
               who
               reads
               to
               them
               in
               private
               ,
               running
               through
               a
               whole
               Faculty
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Collegium
                 instituere
              
               ,
               and
               for
               this
               they
               give
               a
               Gratuity
               to
               the
               Professor
               .
               In
               conferring
               Degrees
               here
               is
               no
               Respect
               had
               to
               Standing
               .
               When
               any
               one
               intends
               to
               commence
               in
               any
               Faculty
               ,
               he
               makes
               Theses
               upon
               the
               Subject
               he
               intends
               to
               answer
               ,
               which
               Theses
               are
               printed
               ,
               and
               these
               he
               is
               obliged
               to
               defend
               against
               all
               Opponents
               .
               The
               Respondent
               hath
               his
               Seat
               under
               the
               Prosessors
               ,
               as
               in
               our
               Schools
               :
               for
               the
               Opponents
               there
               is
               no
               particular
               Seat
               ,
               but
               in
               any
               part
               of
               the
               Schools
               where
               they
               happen
               to
               be
               ,
               they
               arise
               and
               there
               stand
               and
               oppose
               ,
               first
               asking
               leave
               of
               the
               Professor
               that
               presides
               at
               the
               Act.
               Any
               one
               that
               pleases
               may
               oppose
               with
               the
               Professors
               leave
               .
               
                 Liberalium
                 Artium
                 Magister
              
               and
               Doctor
               are
               the
               only
               Degrees
               conferred
               here
               .
               Each
               of
               the
               Professors
               have
               200
               or
               300
               
                 l.
                 per
                 an
              
               .
               stipend
               allowed
               them
               by
               the
               States
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Trade
               of
               this
               City
               is
               Clothing
               .
               The
               Roofs
               of
               the
               Houses
               are
               more
               steep
               than
               ordinary
               ,
               made
               so
               on
               purpose
               to
               cast
               the
               Rain-Water
               into
               a
               Chanel
               or
               Trough
               ,
               which
               conveys
               it
               into
               a
               large
               Cistern
               ,
               where
               it
               is
               kept
               for
               the
               uses
               of
               the
               
               House
               .
               Great
               Chanels
               of
               Water
               pass
               through
               many
               of
               the
               Streets
               .
               On
               the
               Tower
               of
               the
               Stadthouse
               stands
               a
               Watchman
               ,
               who
               blows
               a
               Trumpet
               every
               hour
               ,
               and
               if
               any
               Fire
               happens
               he
               sounds
               an
               Alarm
               .
               Below
               stands
               a
               Guard
               of
               thirty
               armed
               Soldiers
               ,
               and
               at
               each
               Port
               ten
               .
               Every
               hour
               of
               the
               night
               a
               man
               goes
               about
               the
               Streets
               ,
               and
               making
               a
               noise
               with
               a
               Rapper
               ,
               tells
               with
               a
               loud
               voice
               what
               of
               the
               Clock
               it
               is
               .
               In
               the
               Anatomical
               Theater
               are
               preserved
               many
               Sceletons
               of
               Men
               and
               Beasts
               ,
               Skins
               of
               Beasts
               ,
               parts
               of
               exotic
               Animals
               ,
               and
               other
               Rarities
               .
               We
               noted
               a
               horned
               Beetle
               from
               the
               East-Indies
               ;
               an
               Armadillo
               ;
               petrified
               Mushromes
               ;
               
                 Lapis
                 ceraunias
                 ;
                 Caput
                 porci
                 fluviatilis
                 è
                 Brasiliâ
                 Ala
                 Hirundinis
                 marinae
                 ex
                 Oceano
                 Orientali
                 ;
                 Gammari
                 Aethiopici
                 ;
                 Thus
                 fossile
                 Moravicum
                 ;
                 Capsula
                 Chinensis
                 cum
                 capite
                 animalis
                 partim
                 cervinam
                 ,
                 partim
                 porcinam
                 naturam
                 repraesentante
                 ex
                 insulâ
                 Celebes
                 Indiae
                 Orientalis
                 ;
                 Niduli
                 crustacei
                 ex
                 cautibus
                 regni
                 Jehovae
                 ,
                 quae
                 à
                 Chinensibus
                 in
                 deliciis
                 habentur
                 ,
              
               these
               we
               saw
               afterwards
               in
               
               Kircher's
               Musaeum
               at
               Rome
               and
               elsewhere
               ;
               
                 Folium
                 Betle
                 sive
                 Siri
              
               ,
               it
               resembles
               the
               great
               Satyrion
               Leaf
               :
               Of
               these
               Leaves
               and
               the
               Fruit
               of
               the
               Tree
               Arek
               mingled
               with
               a
               little
               Chalk
               is
               made
               the
               Indian
               Betle
               which
               is
               very
               stomachical
               and
               a
               great
               Regale
               at
               visits
               .
               
                 Faba
                 Aegyptia
                 sive
                 Bonamicia
              
               ;
               Elephants
               Skulls
               ;
               
                 Guandur
                 formicas
                 vorans
              
               or
               the
               Ant-Bear
               ,
               Myrenceter
               ,
               bigger
               than
               an
               Otter
               ,
               having
               a
               very
               long
               Snout
               ,
               long
               crooked
               Claws
               ,
               coarse
               bristly
               Hair
               ,
               and
               a
               long
               brush
               Tail
               ;
               
                 Grallae
                 sive
                 Calopodia
                 Norvegica
              
               ;
               a
               Fish
               with
               two
               Feet
               ;
               
                 Capriscus
                 Rondeletii
                 ,
                 Tigris
                 capta
                 in
                 Jacatra
                 regno
                 .
              
               In
               the
               publick
               Library
               are
               preserved
               the
               Manuscripts
               of
               
                 Joseph
                 Scaliger
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Libri
                 Orientales
                 quos
                 Vir
                 Cl.
                 Jacobus
                 Golius
                 impensis
                 publicis
                 ex
                 Oriente
                 huc
                 advexit
                 .
              
               This
               Town
               is
               well
               walled
               and
               trencht
               about
               ,
               encompassed
               with
               pleasant
               Walks
               of
               Lime-Trees
               .
               He
               that
               desires
               more
               particular
               Information
               concerning
               the
               University
               
               and
               publick
               Buildings
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               &c.
               may
               consult
               Meursius
               his
               
                 Athenae
                 Batavae
              
               and
               Hegenitius
               his
               
                 Itinerarium
                 Hollandiae
              
               .
            
             
               Before
               we
               left
               Leyden
               we
               made
               a
               by-Journey
               to
               Sevenhuys
               ,
               
               a
               Village
               about
               four
               leagues
               distant
               ,
               to
               see
               a
               remarkable
               Grove
               ,
               where
               in
               time
               of
               year
               several
               sorts
               of
               Wild-Fowl
               build
               and
               breed
               .
               We
               observed
               there
               in
               great
               numbers
               (
               1.
               )
               Scholfers
               i.
               e.
               
                 Gracculi
                 palmipedes
              
               ,
               in
               England
               we
               call
               them
               Shags
               ,
               they
               are
               very
               like
               to
               Cormorants
               ,
               only
               less
               .
               We
               were
               much
               surprised
               to
               see
               them
               ,
               being
               a
               whole-footed
               Bird
               ,
               alight
               and
               build
               upon
               Trees
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               Lepelaers
               ,
               called
               by
               
                 Gesner
                 Plateoe
                 sive
                 Pelecani
              
               ,
               by
               
                 Aldrovandus
                 Albardeolae
              
               ,
               we
               may
               term
               them
               in
               English
               Spoon-Bills
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               Quacks
               or
               
                 Ardeae
                 cinereae
                 minores
              
               ,
               the
               Germans
               call
               this
               Bird
               the
               Night-raven
               ,
               because
               it
               makes
               a
               noise
               in
               the
               Night
               ,
               
                 Nocte
                 clamat
                 voce
                 absonâ
                 &
                 tanquam
                 vomiturientis
                 .
              
               Gesner
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               Reyers
               or
               Herons
               .
               Each
               sort
               of
               Fowl
               hath
               its
               several
               Quarter
               .
               When
               the
               young
               are
               ripe
               ,
               they
               who
               farm
               the
               Grove
               with
               an
               Iron
               Hook
               fastned
               to
               the
               end
               of
               a
               long
               Pole
               lay
               hold
               on
               the
               Bough
               on
               which
               the
               Nest
               is
               built
               ,
               aud
               shake
               the
               young
               ones
               out
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               Nest
               and
               all
               down
               to
               the
               ground
               .
               Besides
               the
               fore-mentioned
               Birds
               there
               build
               also
               in
               this
               Wood
               
                 Ravens
                 ,
                 Wood-Pigeons
              
               and
               Turtle-Doves
               .
               This
               place
               is
               rented
               for
               3000
               Gilders
               
                 per
                 Annum
              
               of
               the
               Baron
               of
               Pelemberg
               ,
               who
               lives
               at
               Lovain
               ,
               only
               for
               the
               Birds
               and
               Grass
               .
               By
               the
               way
               to
               this
               Place
               we
               observed
               in
               the
               Ditches
               
                 Lysimachia
                 lutea
                 flore
                 globoso
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Arum
                 sive
                 Dracunculus
                 aquaticus
              
               .
               All
               the
               Countrey
               about
               Sevenhuys
               towards
               Leyden
               is
               a
               flat
               or
               fenny
               Level
               ,
               full
               of
               shallow
               Pools
               of
               Water
               ;
               there
               we
               observed
               their
               manner
               of
               making
               Turf
               .
               They
               rake
               or
               fish
               up
               Mud
               from
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Water
               with
               a
               Net
               like
               a
               Hoop-Net
               fastned
               to
               the
               end
               of
               a
               Pole
               ,
               and
               fill
               therewith
               a
               flat-bottomed
               Boat.
               Out
               of
               the
               Boat
               they
               throw
               this
               Mud
               with
               
               a
               long
               Shovel
               or
               Scoop
               on
               an
               even
               piece
               of
               ground
               ,
               making
               of
               it
               a
               Bed
               of
               an
               equal
               thickness
               so
               near
               as
               they
               can
               ;
               there
               it
               lies
               to
               drain
               and
               dry
               :
               After
               a
               while
               they
               tread
               it
               with
               broad
               Boards
               fastned
               under
               their
               feet
               to
               make
               it
               close
               and
               smooth
               .
               When
               it
               is
               moderately
               dry
               ,
               they
               cut
               the
               whole
               Bed
               with
               a
               kind
               of
               Spade
               into
               pieces
               of
               the
               bigness
               of
               a
               Brick
               .
               These
               they
               pile
               up
               in
               small
               conical
               Stacks
               or
               long
               Ranks
               ,
               laying
               the
               Turves
               so
               ,
               that
               a
               man
               may
               see
               through
               the
               Stacks
               ,
               and
               the
               Wind
               blow
               through
               them
               ,
               to
               be
               further
               dried
               .
               At
               last
               they
               house
               them
               in
               Barns
               that
               are
               thatcht
               ,
               the
               sides
               not
               walled
               up
               close
               ,
               but
               made
               of
               wooden
               Bars
               set
               at
               a
               little
               distance
               one
               from
               another
               .
            
             
               June
               6.
               we
               took
               Boat
               for
               Haerlem
               ,
               
               where
               we
               arrived
               at
               four
               hours
               end
               .
               This
               is
               a
               large
               ,
               populous
               and
               pleasant
               City
               ,
               strongly
               wall'd
               and
               entrenched
               .
               Water
               is
               brought
               through
               many
               of
               the
               Streets
               .
               Without
               the
               Walls
               towards
               Leyden
               are
               pleasant
               Groves
               .
               In
               the
               Summer-House
               in
               the
               Garden
               of
               the
               Princes
               Court
               here
               ,
               is
               a
               Picture
               of
               
                 Laurentius
                 Costerus
              
               ,
               in
               a
               furr'd
               Gown
               ,
               holding
               the
               Letter
               A
               in
               his
               Hand
               ,
               and
               this
               Inscription
               over
               it
               ,
               
                 
                   M.
                   S.
                   Viro
                   Consulari
                
                 ,
                 Laurentio
                 Costero
                 
                   Harlemensi
                   alteri
                   Cadmo
                   ,
                   &
                   Artis
                   Typographicae
                   circa
                   Annum
                   Domini
                
                 MCCCCXXXX
                 
                   Inventori
                   primo
                
                 .
              
            
             
               His
               Statue
               and
               the
               Inscription
               on
               his
               House
               in
               the
               Market-place
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               Hegenitius
               ,
               we
               could
               not
               find
               ,
               being
               as
               we
               were
               told
               ,
               lately
               bought
               and
               removed
               thence
               .
               The
               Butchery
               of
               this
               Town
               is
               a
               handsome
               Building
               and
               covered
               with
               Lead
               ,
               which
               we
               thought
               not
               unworthy
               the
               notice-taking
               ,
               it
               having
               been
               the
               first
               publick
               Building
               that
               we
               saw
               so
               rooft
               since
               we
               left
               England
               .
               The
               Citizens
               here
               drive
               a
               great
               Trade
               of
               Weaving
               as
               well
               Silks
               ,
               
                 v.
                 g.
              
               Damask
               ,
               Velvet
               ,
               Sattin
               ,
               Taffaty
               ,
               &c.
               as
               Linen
               
               Cloth
               ,
               Tiffany
               ,
               Holland
               ,
               &c.
               
               On
               the
               Sea-Coast
               near
               Haerlem
               and
               all
               along
               North-Holland
               ,
               are
               great
               sandy
               Hills
               or
               Downs
               ,
               which
               are
               a
               great
               defence
               to
               the
               Countrey
               hereabout
               against
               the
               Encroachments
               of
               the
               Sea.
               
            
             
               June
               8.
               
               From
               Haerlem
               we
               boated
               to
               Amsterdam
               ,
               
               two
               hours
               distant
               .
               ●
               About
               the
               mid-way
               we
               passed
               by
               two
               great
               Mears
               where
               we
               changed
               our
               Boat.
               At
               the
               Port
               of
               Amsterdam
               stand
               two
               armed
               Soldiers
               ,
               one
               within
               ,
               the
               other
               without
               .
               This
               is
               the
               greatest
               City
               in
               all
               the
               Low-Countries
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               the
               richest
               and
               best
               traded
               Empories
               of
               the
               whole
               World.
               At
               our
               being
               there
               we
               judged
               it
               to
               be
               about
               the
               bigness
               of
               Venice
               ,
               and
               lesser
               than
               one
               half
               of
               London
               ;
               but
               they
               had
               then
               taken
               in
               and
               enclosed
               with
               a
               substantial
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               ,
               a
               great
               space
               of
               Ground
               ,
               wherein
               they
               had
               designed
               and
               set
               out
               Streets
               ,
               with
               intention
               to
               make
               their
               City
               for
               bigness
               also
               comparable
               with
               the
               best
               of
               
                 Europe
                 ,
                 London
              
               and
               Paris
               not
               excepted
               .
               I
               hear
               since
               ,
               that
               this
               void
               Ground
               is
               filled
               with
               Rows
               of
               stately
               and
               beautiful
               Houses
               .
               The
               publick
               Buildings
               we
               especially
               took
               notice
               of
               were
               ,
               (
               1.
               )
               The
               
                 New
                 Stadthouse
              
               lately
               erected
               ,
               the
               old
               one
               having
               been
               burnt
               down
               to
               the
               Ground
               in
               three
               hours
               space
               (
               as
               we
               were
               told
               )
               June
               7
               ,
               1651.
               but
               (
               as
               I
               find
               it
               in
               the
               Printed
               Description
               of
               Amsterdam
               )
               in
               July
               1652.
               
               This
               is
               a
               magnificent
               Pile
               of
               Building
               ,
               of
               a
               square
               figure
               ,
               large
               and
               tall
               .
               The
               Outside
               or
               Facing
               of
               the
               Walls
               round
               about
               is
               of
               Free-Stone
               ,
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Walls
               of
               Brick
               .
               It
               is
               reported
               ,
               that
               the
               Foundation
               of
               this
               Structure
               under
               ground
               cost
               as
               much
               as
               the
               Superficies
               above
               ground
               ,
               viz.
               100000
               l.
               sterling
               .
               The
               Describer
               of
               Amsterdam
               saith
               ,
               that
               it
               standeth
               upon
               13659
               great
               Masts
               or
               Piles
               driven
               into
               the
               ground
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               The
               Burse
               or
               Exchange
               ,
               like
               our
               old
               Royal
               Exchange
               at
               London
               ,
               but
               not
               a
               perfect
               Square
               ,
               being
               longer
               than
               it
               is
               broad
               .
               The
               first
               Stone
               of
               
               this
               Building
               wad
               laid
               May
               29
               ,
               1608.
               and
               the
               first
               meeting
               of
               the
               Merchants
               there
               August
               1
               ,
               1613.
               
               Merchants
               of
               all
               Nations
               resort
               thither
               ,
               but
               of
               all
               Strangers
               the
               Jews
               are
               the
               most
               numerous
               ,
               who
               fill
               one
               Walk
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               The
               Admiralty-House
               ,
               a
               handsome
               Building
               with
               fair
               Rooms
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               The
               Magazine
               ,
               and
               (
               5.
               )
               the
               several
               Hospitals
               and
               Houses
               of
               Correction
               .
               In
               this
               City
               is
               an
               Athenaeum
               or
               
                 Schola
                 illustris
              
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               maintain'd
               six
               Professors
               ,
               who
               read
               publick
               Lectures
               in
               several
               Faculties
               in
               Summer-time
               .
               Here
               is
               also
               a
               publick
               Physick-Garden
               .
               The
               Jews
               are
               here
               allowed
               the
               free
               and
               open
               Exercise
               of
               their
               Religious
               Worship
               .
               They
               live
               together
               in
               one
               Quarter
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               are
               said
               to
               be
               in
               number
               about
               20000
               souls
               .
               They
               are
               in
               better
               condition
               and
               richer
               than
               in
               most
               places
               where
               they
               are
               tolerated
               .
               They
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               a
               dark
               or
               tawny
               Complexion
               and
               have
               black
               hair
               .
               Not
               only
               the
               Jewish
               but
               all
               other
               Religions
               ,
               the
               Romish
               not
               excepted
               ,
               are
               here
               tolerated
               .
               But
               if
               any
               beside
               those
               of
               the
               State-Religion
               build
               Churches
               ,
               they
               are
               prohibited
               to
               erect
               Steeples
               ,
               or
               make
               use
               of
               Bells
               for
               the
               assembling
               of
               the
               Pople
               .
               In
               the
               new
               Church
               is
               a
               handsome
               Monument
               to
               
                 John
                 van
                 Galen
              
               ,
               with
               this
               Inscription
               :
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         Generosissimo
                         Heroi
                         
                         Johanni
                         à
                         Galen
                         
                         Essensi
                         
                         Qui
                         ob
                         res
                         fortiter
                         &
                         feliciter
                         gestas
                         ,
                         sexies
                         uno
                         anno
                         ,
                         Dunkerckanorum
                         Praedatorum
                         navem
                         captam
                         ,
                         &
                         à
                         Barbaris
                         opima
                         spolia
                         reportata
                         ,
                         Ordinum
                         Classi
                         in
                         Mari
                         Mediterraneo
                         Praefectus
                         memorabili
                         praelio
                         ad
                         Livornam
                         ,
                         Deo
                         auxiliante
                         ,
                         Anglorum
                         navibus
                         captis
                         ,
                         fugatis
                         ,
                         incendio
                         &
                         submersione
                         delctis
                         ,
                         commercium
                         cum
                         dicti
                         maris
                         aceolis
                         restituit
                         ,
                         idlbus
                         Martii
                         ,
                         A
                         ▪
                         MDCLIII
                         .
                         El
                         altero
                         pede
                         truncatus
                         ,
                         nono
                         
                         die
                         post
                         Victoriam
                         ,
                         annos
                         natus
                         XLVIII
                         obiit
                         ,
                         ut
                         in
                         secula
                         per
                         gloriam
                         viveret
                         .
                      
                       
                         Illustriss
                         .
                         &
                         Praepotent
                         .
                         Foederati
                         Belgii
                         
                         Ordinum
                         decreto
                         ,
                         
                         Nob.
                         &
                         Pot.
                         Senatus
                         Archithalass
                         .
                         
                         Qui
                         est
                         Amstelodami
                         
                         M.
                         H.
                         P.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               In
               this
               Church
               is
               a
               stately
               Pulpit
               said
               to
               have
               cost
               1000
               l.
               sterling
               the
               building
               .
               We
               were
               told
               that
               in
               this
               City
               there
               were
               24
               Ministers
               pensioned
               by
               the
               States
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               is
               by
               a
               Scout
               or
               Praetor
               ,
               
               four
               Burgomasters
               ,
               nine
               and
               Scabins
               ,
               and
               36
               Counsellors
               ,
               or
               Senators
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               the
               Vroetschap
               .
               The
               Scout
               is
               Stadtholder
               of
               Holland
               ,
               ad
               hath
               the
               first
               place
               in
               the
               Bench
               of
               Scabins
               .
               He
               is
               chosen
               to
               this
               Office
               by
               the
               Burgomasters
               with
               the
               consent
               and
               approbation
               of
               the
               Vroetschap
               for
               three
               years
               :
               though
               he
               may
               continue
               in
               Office
               six
               or
               more
               ,
               if
               they
               see
               good
               .
               He
               must
               have
               been
               a
               Freeman
               at
               least
               seven
               years
               fore
               he
               be
               chosen
               .
               His
               Office
               is
               with
               the
               Burgomasters
               and
               Scabins
               to
               make
               Laws
               and
               Constitutions
               :
               to
               apprehend
               and
               imprison
               all
               Malefactors
               within
               the
               Liberties
               of
               the
               City
               .
               He
               ,
               as
               chief
               Judge
               in
               civil
               as
               well
               as
               criminal
               Causes
               ,
               hears
               the
               Pleadings
               ,
               and
               with
               consent
               of
               the
               
                 Burgomasters
                 Scabins
              
               pronounces
               Sentence
               ,
               condemning
               the
               guilty
               to
               Death
               ,
               if
               the
               Cause
               require
               ,
               and
               taking
               care
               that
               the
               Sentence
               be
               executed
               .
               In
               other
               Cities
               the
               Praetor
               hath
               to
               do
               only
               in
               criminal
               Causes
               ,
               being
               no
               more
               than
               the
               Commonwealths
               Solicitor
               or
               publick
               Accuser
               and
               Prosecutor
               of
               Malefactors
               .
            
             
               The
               number
               of
               Burgomasters
               is
               twelve
               ,
               whereof
               four
               are
               regent
               yearly
               .
               They
               must
               not
               be
               under
               forty
               years
               of
               age
               .
               Every
               year
               by
               the
               major
               Vote
               of
               all
               the
               Burgomasters
               that
               have
               ever
               been
               Scabins
               ,
               three
               out
               of
               the
               twelve
               are
               chosen
               to
               be
               Regents
               ,
               
               which
               three
               newly
               elect
               take
               to
               themselves
               a
               fourth
               out
               of
               the
               three
               chosen
               the
               year
               before
               ,
               who
               gives
               the
               three
               new
               ones
               their
               Oaths
               ,
               and
               hath
               the
               Presidency
               the
               three
               first
               Moneths
               .
               Out
               of
               the
               other
               eight
               are
               other
               Officers
               chosen
               ,
               as
               Treasurers
               ,
               Masters
               of
               Hospitals
               ;
               one
               for
               the
               Convention
               of
               the
               States
               at
               the
               Hague
               ;
               one
               for
               the
               Council
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               in
               
                 Amsterdam
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
               The
               Burgomasters
               Office
               is
               to
               govern
               the
               City
               ,
               to
               arbitrate
               differences
               between
               man
               and
               man
               ,
               to
               take
               care
               of
               the
               Streets
               ,
               Walls
               ,
               Houses
               and
               publick
               Buildings
               ,
               &c.
               
               When
               one
               of
               the
               twelve
               dies
               ,
               another
               is
               chosen
               into
               his
               room
               by
               the
               Vroetschap
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Scabins
               ,
               the
               Vroetschap
               chuse
               fourteen
               persons
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               the
               Burgomasters
               take
               seven
               ;
               but
               so
               that
               none
               of
               them
               be
               near
               of
               kin
               to
               the
               Scout
               or
               the
               
                 Regent
                 Burgomasters
              
               .
               To
               these
               seven
               the
               new
               and
               old
               Burgomasters
               with
               the
               new
               chosen
               Scabins
               do
               by
               most
               voices
               add
               two
               out
               of
               the
               seven
               that
               were
               chosen
               the
               last
               year
               ;
               the
               which
               two
               for
               that
               year
               are
               the
               first
               and
               second
               Presidents
               .
               The
               Scabins
               are
               Judges
               in
               all
               Causes
               civil
               and
               criminal
               .
            
             
               The
               Council
               of
               36
               or
               Vroe●schap
               continue
               in
               place
               during
               Life
               ,
               and
               when
               one
               dies
               the
               rest
               chuse
               another
               into
               his
               room
               ,
               but
               none
               under
               25
               years
               of
               age
               .
               This
               Council
               chuses
               the
               fourteen
               Scabins
               ,
               and
               is
               assembled
               upon
               important
               occasions
               by
               the
               Burgomasters
               for
               their
               Advice
               and
               Direction
               in
               the
               weighty
               Affairs
               and
               Concerns
               of
               the
               City
               .
               The
               Supreme
               Power
               seems
               chiefly
               to
               rest
               in
               these
               .
            
             
               Formerly
               none
               was
               capable
               of
               being
               Burgomaster
               except
               his
               Father
               had
               been
               a
               Freeman
               a
               year
               and
               six
               weeks
               before
               he
               was
               born
               ;
               but
               of
               late
               they
               have
               made
               a
               Constitution
               ,
               that
               he
               who
               will
               pay
               five
               hundred
               Gilders
               ,
               may
               be
               made
               free
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               capable
               of
               being
               Burgomaster
               after
               seven
               years
               .
               Any
               one
               may
               be
               made
               a
               Freeman
               for
               fifty
               
               Gilders
               ,
               but
               then
               he
               shall
               never
               be
               capable
               of
               being
               chosen
               Burgomaster
               .
            
             
               The
               Describer
               of
               Amsterdam
               saith
               that
               there
               were
               in
               that
               City
               18
               years
               ago
               54000
               Houses
               ,
               whereas
               in
               Paris
               there
               were
               then
               but
               46000
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               thing
               by
               no
               means
               to
               be
               credited
               .
            
             
               The
               Militia
               of
               Amsterdam
               consists
               of
               54
               Companies
               divided
               into
               five
               Regiments
               ,
               each
               containing
               eleven
               Companies
               ,
               and
               every
               Company
               consisting
               of
               150
               men
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               whole
               amounts
               to
               8250.
               
               Two
               Companies
               watch
               every
               night
               for
               the
               guard
               of
               the
               City
               .
            
             
               June
               16.
               we
               took
               Boat
               for
               Vtrecht
               ,
               
               where
               we
               arrived
               at
               six
               hours
               end
               .
               This
               is
               a
               great
               Town
               and
               the
               head
               of
               a
               Province
               ,
               environed
               with
               a
               thick
               and
               high
               Wall
               and
               a
               deep
               Trench
               .
               The
               Streets
               and
               Buildings
               far
               short
               of
               the
               Elegancy
               ,
               Beauty
               and
               Cleanliness
               of
               those
               in
               Holland
               ;
               much
               like
               the
               Houses
               and
               Streets
               of
               our
               English
               Towns.
               Water
               runs
               through
               many
               of
               the
               Streets
               in
               deep
               Chanels
               .
               The
               Domo
               or
               Cathedral
               Church
               hath
               a
               great
               tall
               Tower
               ,
               ascended
               by
               460
               Steps
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               had
               a
               fair
               Prospect
               of
               the
               City
               and
               Countrey
               round
               about
               .
               Here
               is
               an
               University
               erected
               by
               the
               States
               of
               the
               United
               Provinces
               in
               the
               year
               1636.
               
               Who
               were
               the
               Professors
               in
               each
               Faculty
               at
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               here
               ,
               the
               following
               
                 Series
                 Lectionum
              
               will
               acquaint
               the
               Reader
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       Series
                       Lectionum
                       in
                       Acad.
                       Ultrajectina
                       ,
                       Anno
                       Christi
                       M.DC.LXIII
                       .
                       Priore
                       Semestri
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         MANE
                         ,
                         HORA
                         OCTAVA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Antonius
                           Matthaeus
                        
                         ,
                         J.
                         V.
                         D.
                         &
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         Institutiones
                         ,
                         Jovis
                         autem
                         &
                         Veneris
                         Selectiores
                         Pandectarum
                         titulos
                         interpretabitur
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Regnerus
                           à
                           Mansvelt
                        
                         ,
                         Philosophiae
                         Doctor
                         ,
                         Logices
                         &
                         Metaphysices
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         Logic●m
                         cum
                         quaestionibus
                         Metaphysicis
                         ;
                         Jovis
                         vero
                         &
                         Veneris
                         ,
                         Naturalem
                         Theologiam
                         docebit
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         HORA
                         NONA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Cyprianus
                           Regnerus
                           ab
                           Oosterga
                        
                         ,
                         J.
                         V.
                         D.
                         &
                         Professor
                         ,
                         Codicem
                         Academicâ
                         &
                         Forensi
                         explicatione
                         explanabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Henricus
                           Regius
                        
                         ,
                         Eques
                         Auratus
                         &
                         Medicinae
                         Professor
                         Primarius
                         ,
                         suos
                         Medicinoe
                         Medicationumque
                         libros
                         interpretabitur
                         ;
                         &
                         di●bus
                         Veneris
                         Stirpium
                         demonstrationes
                         in
                         Horto
                         Publico
                         instituet
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Daniel
                           Berckringer
                        
                         ,
                         L.
                         A.
                         M.
                         &
                         Philosophiae
                         practicoe
                         atque
                         Eloquentioe
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         Institutiones
                         suas
                         Ethicas
                         ,
                         Jovis
                         verò
                         &
                         Veneris
                         Politicas
                         ,
                         cursoriè
                         interpretabitur
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         HORA
                         DECIMA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Gisbertus
                           Voctius
                        
                         ,
                         SS
                         .
                         Theologiae
                         Doctor
                         &
                         
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Jovis
                         &
                         Veneris
                         perget
                         in
                         explicatione
                         Politicae
                         Ecclesiasticoe
                         ;
                         diebus
                         verò
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         ,
                         in
                         Explicatione
                         prioris
                         partis
                         Locorum
                         Communium
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Isbrandus
                           de
                           Diemerbroeck
                        
                         ,
                         Med.
                         Doct.
                         ac
                         Medicinae
                         Practieae
                         &
                         Anatomes
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Veneris
                         in
                         Academia
                         explicabit
                         Historias
                         morborum
                         capitis
                         ,
                         quibus
                         absolutis
                         ,
                         perget
                         ad
                         Historias
                         morborum
                         thoracis
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Martis
                         &
                         Jovis
                         in
                         Nosocomio
                         decumbentes
                         aegrotos
                         inviset
                         ,
                         eorumque
                         examen
                         &
                         medicationem
                         docebit
                         ,
                         ac
                         praxeos
                         specimina
                         exhibebit
                         .
                         Demonstrationes
                         vero
                         anatomicas
                         in
                         theatro
                         publico
                         instituet
                         ,
                         quum
                         subjecti
                         humani
                         copia
                         dabitur
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         HORA
                         UNDECIMA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Andreas
                           Essenius
                        
                         ,
                         S.
                         Theologiae
                         ac
                         Philosophiae
                         Doctor
                         ,
                         illius
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         ,
                         Lunae
                         ,
                         Martis
                         ,
                         &
                         Jovis
                         Controversias
                         tractabit
                         ad
                         selecta
                         loca
                         V.
                         T.
                         Veneris
                         quoque
                         Historiam
                         Ecclesiasticam
                         saeculi
                         Christiani
                         duodecimi
                         ,
                         enarrabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D
                           Johannes
                           Georgius
                           Graevius
                        
                         ,
                         Philosophiae
                         Doctor
                         ,
                         Historiarum
                         &
                         Eloquentiae
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         ,
                         Martis
                         &
                         Jovis
                         explicabit
                         C.
                         Taciti
                         Annales
                         ,
                         die
                         verò
                         Veneris
                         Ciceronis
                         orationem
                         pro
                         Milone
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         A
                         MERIDIE
                         ,
                         HORA
                         PRIMA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Paulus
                           Voet
                        
                         ,
                         J.
                         V.
                         D.
                         &
                         Professor
                         ,
                         Juris
                         Pandectas
                         continuatâ
                         serie
                         ,
                         interpretabitur
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Johannes
                           Leusden
                        
                         ,
                         L.
                         A.
                         M.
                         &
                         Linguae
                         Sanctae
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunoe
                         ,
                         Martis
                         &
                         Jovis
                         explicabit
                         Psalmos
                         Hebraioos
                         ;
                         diebus
                         verò
                         Veneris
                         interpretabitur
                         Rabbinum
                         aliquem
                         ,
                         vel
                         selectos
                         &
                         difficiliores
                         564
                         versus
                         Psalterii
                         ,
                         in
                         quibus
                         omnes
                         ejus
                         voces
                         &
                         pleraeque
                         radices
                         V.
                         T.
                         continentur
                         .
                         Post
                         explicationem
                         textualem
                         semper
                         addet
                         quaestiones
                         Philologicas
                         ,
                         concernontes
                         Phi●ologiam
                         
                         Hebraicam
                         ,
                         Controversias
                         &
                         Ritus
                         Judaeorum
                         &
                         quidem
                         eo
                         ordine
                         ,
                         quo
                         eoe
                         post
                         invicem
                         describuntur
                         in
                         Spicilegio
                         Philologico
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         HORA
                         SECUNDA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Franciscus
                           Burmannus
                        
                         ,
                         SS
                         .
                         Theologiae
                         Doctor
                         &
                         Professor
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         Euangelistam
                         Matthaeum
                         cum
                         necessariis
                         quoestionibus
                         &
                         observationiobus
                         ,
                         quâ
                         poteri●
                         brevitate
                         ,
                         enarrabit
                         ;
                         diebus
                         verò
                         Jovis
                         &
                         Veneris
                         Oeconomiam
                         salutis
                         humanae
                         sub
                         Foedere
                         Vet.
                         ac
                         Novo
                         tractabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           D.
                           Johannes
                           de
                           Bruyn
                        
                         ,
                         L.
                         A.
                         M.
                         Physicae
                         &
                         Matheseos
                         Professor
                         ,
                         &
                         p.
                         t.
                         Academiae
                         Rector
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         in
                         Pbysicis
                         lectionibus
                         perget
                         ;
                         Jovis
                         verò
                         &
                         Veneris
                         continuabit
                         explicationem
                         fundamentorum
                         Mechanicorum
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           De
                           Heer
                           Hugo
                           Ruys
                        
                         ,
                         sal
                         Woensdaeghs
                         en
                         Saterdaeghs
                         van
                         Elftot
                         Twaelf
                         uyren
                         inde
                         Fortificatie
                         continueren
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               The
               Garrison
               consisted
               of
               eight
               Companies
               of
               Soldiers
               ,
               whereof
               one
               was
               English
               .
               The
               Government
               is
               by
               an
               upper
               and
               under
               Scout
               ,
               and
               four
               Burgomasters
               ,
               whereof
               two
               new
               chosen
               yearly
               .
            
             
               June
               18.
               we
               went
               by
               Boat
               to
               Vianen
               ,
               
               passing
               over
               a
               Branch
               of
               the
               River
               Rhene
               called
               the
               Lech
               .
               This
               is
               a
               privileged
               Town
               ,
               wall'd
               and
               trench'd
               about
               ,
               subject
               to
               the
               Lord
               of
               Brederode
               .
               Here
               we
               noted
               an
               Engine
               or
               wheel
               for
               the
               weaving
               of
               Inkle
               and
               Tape
               ,
               which
               moves
               many
               Shuttles
               at
               once
               .
               The
               same
               day
               we
               travelled
               on
               to
               Leerdam
               ,
               
               three
               hours
               distant
               from
               Vianen
               ,
               a
               small
               inconsiderable
               Town
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               .
            
             
               June
               19.
               we
               passed
               through
               Asperen
               
               a
               small
               wall'd
               Town
               ,
               and
               further
               on
               ferried
               over
               the
               River
               
               
                 Wale
                 (
                 Vahalis
              
               in
               Latine
               )
               to
               a
               pretty
               pleasant
               wall'd
               Town
               called
               Bommel
               standing
               in
               an
               Island
               .
               
            
             
               Here
               lay
               in
               Garrison
               four
               Companies
               of
               Soldiers
               ,
               whereof
               one
               of
               Scotchmen
               .
            
             
               Not
               far
               from
               hence
               we
               ferried
               over
               the
               Mose
               ,
               and
               passed
               by
               a
               strong
               Fort
               nigh
               the
               Water
               called
               Crevecoeur
               ,
               
               and
               not
               much
               further
               another
               called
               Engelen
               ,
               and
               after
               four
               hours
               came
               to
               the
               Bosch
               ,
               
               Hertogenbosch
               the
               Dutch
               call
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               French
               
                 Bois
                 le
                 duc
              
               ,
               i.
               e.
               
                 Sylva
                 Ducis
              
               .
               Before
               we
               entred
               the
               Town
               ,
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               Water
               and
               over
               two
               Draw
               Bridges
               .
               This
               Place
               is
               situate
               on
               a
               Hill
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               a
               low
               fenny
               Level
               of
               a
               great
               extent
               ,
               the
               greatest
               part
               whereof
               is
               (
               at
               least
               now
               was
               )
               covered
               with
               Water
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               only
               Avenues
               to
               the
               Town
               are
               upon
               artificial
               Causways
               .
               It
               is
               encompassed
               with
               a
               strong
               Wall
               and
               a
               deep
               Trench
               .
               At
               one
               end
               stands
               a
               Citadel
               strongly
               fortified
               ,
               which
               commands
               the
               Town
               .
               By
               reason
               of
               its
               Situation
               and
               Fortifications
               ,
               one
               would
               judge
               this
               Place
               impregnable
               ,
               yet
               hath
               it
               been
               taken
               in
               the
               late
               Wars
               .
               At
               our
               being
               there
               were
               kept
               in
               Garrison
               for
               the
               Defence
               of
               this
               important
               Strength
               21
               Companies
               of
               Foot
               and
               four
               Troops
               of
               Horse
               .
               In
               the
               Quire
               of
               S.
               Johns
               Church
               are
               painted
               the
               Arms
               of
               many
               of
               the
               Knights
               of
               the
               Golden
               Fleece
               and
               over
               the
               upper
               Stalls
               or
               Seats
               this
               written
               in
               
                 French
                 ,
                 Le
                 treshaut
                 &
                 tres
                 puissant
              
               Philip
               ,
               
                 dit
                 le
                 bon
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               which
               because
               it
               contains
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Authors
               first
               Institution
               and
               Model
               of
               this
               Order
               ,
               I
               thought
               fit
               to
               translate
               into
               English
               ,
               and
               here
               set
               down
               .
               
                 The
                 most
                 High
                 and
                 Mighty
                 prince
                 Philip
                 called
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Grace
                 of
                 God
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   Burgundy
                   ,
                   Lorain
                
                 and
                 Brabant
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1429.
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Bruges
                 ,
                 did
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 Gedeon
                 create
                 and
                 institute
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 God
                 and
                 the
                 virgin
                 Mary
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 
                   S.
                   Andrew
                
                 Protector
                 and
                 Patron
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 a
                 Company
                 or
                 Society
                 of
                 Honourable
                 
                 Knights
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 received
                 Emperors
                 ,
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Dukes
                 ,
                 Marquesses
                 and
                 other
                 Personages
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Subjects
                 as
                 of
                 forein
                 Countries
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 were
                 of
                 Noble
                 bloud
                 and
                 good
                 fame
                 :
                 and
                 called
                 these
                 great
                 Persons
                 ,
                 
                   Knights
                   of
                   the
                   Golden
                   Fleece
                
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 gave
                 for
                 perpetual
                 Chief
                 ,
                 him
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 lawful
                 Duke
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 the
                 Seigneury
                 or
                 Lordship
                 of
                 the
                 Low-Countries
                 ;
                 limiting
                 their
                 number
                 to
                 24
                 ,
                 comprehending
                 also
                 the
                 Chief
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 occurrences
                 and
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Order
                 he
                 created
                 four
                 Honourable
                 Officers
                 ,
                 viz.
                 A
                 Chancellor
                 ,
                 a
                 Treasurer
                 ,
                 a
                 Secretary
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 King
                 of
                 Arms.
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 Establishment
                 and
                 well
                 regulating
                 of
                 this
                 Order
                 he
                 made
                 notable
                 Statutes
                 and
                 Ordinances
              
               .
               The
               Houses
               of
               this
               Town
               are
               of
               a
               different
               make
               from
               those
               of
               Holland
               ,
               the
               outside
               being
               covered
               with
               Boards
               ,
               like
               those
               of
               Edenburgh
               in
               Scotland
               .
               We
               observed
               great
               store
               of
               wild
               Fowl
               to
               frequent
               the
               Waters
               hereabout
               ;
               and
               found
               growing
               wild
               
                 Herniaria
                 hirsuta
              
               on
               the
               sandy
               and
               gravelly
               Banks
               .
            
             
               June
               20.
               
               We
               took
               a
               Wagon
               drawn
               by
               three
               Horses
               abreast
               ,
               as
               is
               usual
               in
               these
               Countries
               ,
               which
               in
               six
               hours
               time
               brought
               us
               to
               Eindhoven
               ,
               
               a
               small
               wall'd
               Town
               ;
               and
               thence
               in
               four
               hours
               more
               to
               Haumont
               .
               
               a
               pitiful
               walled
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Bishop
               of
               
                 Liege
                 .
                 June
              
               21.
               
               Three
               hours
               Riding
               brought
               us
               to
               another
               little
               wall'd
               Town
               called
               Bry
               ;
               
               the
               Houses
               whereof
               were
               old
               and
               decaying
               .
               Between
               Haumont
               and
               this
               place
               ,
               we
               rode
               over
               Heaths
               of
               great
               extent
               ,
               called
               the
               Champagne
               .
               We
               then
               left
               the
               level
               Countrey
               and
               ascended
               some
               Hills
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               had
               a
               pleasant
               Prospect
               of
               the
               Mose
               and
               Maestricht
               ,
               
               where
               we
               arrived
               this
               Evening
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               accounted
               seven
               hours
               distant
               from
               Bry.
               This
               City
               is
               fortified
               with
               good
               Outworks
               ,
               besides
               a
               strong
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               ,
               garrisoned
               with
               31
               Companies
               of
               Foot
               ,
               and
               six
               Troops
               of
               Horse
               ,
               
               it
               being
               a
               great
               Town
               and
               a
               Frontier
               .
               Half
               of
               the
               Magistrates
               are
               Protestants
               and
               half
               of
               the
               Romish
               Religion
               .
               The
               greater
               part
               of
               the
               Citizens
               Romanists
               .
               There
               are
               in
               Town
               near
               20
               Cloisters
               or
               Monasteries
               of
               both
               Sexes
               ;
               and
               they
               have
               the
               free
               and
               publick
               Exercise
               of
               their
               Religious
               Worship
               .
               For
               the
               Protestants
               there
               are
               three
               Dutch
               Churches
               ,
               and
               one
               English
               and
               French
               ,
               which
               those
               Nations
               use
               alternately
               .
               The
               old
               Buildings
               of
               his
               City
               are
               like
               those
               of
               the
               Bosch
               ;
               but
               since
               the
               States
               have
               been
               Masters
               of
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               become
               a
               rich
               and
               thriving
               place
               ,
               and
               they
               are
               building
               fair
               new
               brickt
               Houses
               space
               .
               They
               were
               also
               setting
               up
               a
               large
               Stone
               Stadthouse
               ,
               of
               a
               square
               Figure
               ,
               resembling
               that
               at
               Amesterdam
               .
               The
               River
               Meuse
               divides
               the
               City
               into
               two
               parts
               ,
               which
               are
               joined
               together
               by
               a
               broad
               stone-Bridge
               of
               nine
               Arches
               .
               The
               lesser
               part
               over
               the
               Water
               is
               called
               ,
               Wick
               .
               The
               Garrison-Soldiers
               are
               all
               Protestants
               .
            
             
               The
               Common
               People
               of
               Holland
               ,
               
               especially
               Inn-keepers
               ,
               Wagoners
               (
               Foremen
               they
               call
               them
               )
               Boat-men
               and
               Porters
               are
               surly
               and
               uncivil
               .
               The
               Wagoners
               bait
               themselves
               and
               their
               Horses
               four
               or
               five
               times
               in
               a
               days
               Journey
               .
               Generally
               the
               Dutch
               men
               and
               women
               are
               almost
               always
               eating
               as
               they
               travel
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               by
               Boat
               ,
               Coach
               or
               Wagon
               .
               The
               men
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               big-boned
               are
               gross-bodied
               .
               The
               first
               Dish
               at
               Ordinaries
               and
               Entertainments
               is
               usually
               a
               Salade
               ,
               Sla
               they
               call
               it
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               eat
               abundance
               in
               Holland
               .
               Their
               Meat
               they
               commonly
               stew
               and
               make
               Hotchpots
               of
               it
               .
               Puddings
               neither
               here
               nor
               in
               any
               place
               we
               have
               travelled
               beyond
               Sea
               do
               they
               eat
               any
               ,
               either
               not
               knowing
               the
               goodness
               of
               the
               Dish
               ,
               or
               not
               having
               the
               Skill
               to
               make
               them
               :
               Puddings
               and
               Brawm
               are
               Dishes
               proper
               to
               England
               .
               Boil'd
               Spinage
               minc'd
               and
               buttered
               (
               sometimes
               also
               with
               Currans
               added
               )
               is
               a
               great
               Dish
               all
               over
               these
               Countreys
               .
               The
               Common
               People
               feed
               much
               upon
               
               Cabiliau
               (
               that
               is
               Cod-fish
               )
               and
               pickled
               Herrings
               ,
               which
               they
               know
               how
               to
               cure
               or
               prepare
               better
               than
               we
               do
               in
               England
               .
               You
               shall
               seldome
               fail
               of
               hung
               Beef
               in
               any
               Inn
               you
               come
               into
               ,
               which
               they
               cut
               into
               thin
               slices
               and
               eat
               with
               Bread
               and
               Butter
               ,
               laying
               the
               slices
               upon
               the
               Butter
               .
               They
               have
               four
               or
               five
               sorts
               of
               Cheese
               ,
               three
               they
               usually
               bring
               forth
               and
               set
               before
               you
               .
               (
               1.
               )
               Those
               great
               round
               Cheeses
               ,
               coloured
               red
               on
               the
               outside
               ,
               commonly
               in
               England
               called
               
               Holland-Cheeses
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               Cummin-seed
               Cheese
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               Green
               Cheese
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               so
               coloured
               with
               the
               juice
               of
               Sheeps
               Dung.
               This
               they
               scrape
               upon
               Bread
               buttered
               ,
               and
               so
               eat
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               Sometimes
               Angelot's
               .
               (
               5.
               )
               Cheese
               like
               to
               our
               common
               Countrey
               Cheese
               .
               Milk
               is
               the
               cheapest
               of
               all
               Belly-Provisions
               .
               Their
               strong
               Beer
               ,
               (
               thick
               Beer
               they
               call
               it
               ,
               and
               well
               they
               may
               )
               is
               sold
               for
               three
               Stivers
               the
               Quart
               ,
               which
               is
               more
               than
               three
               pence
               English
               .
               All
               manner
               of
               Victuals
               both
               Meat
               and
               Drink
               are
               very
               dear
               ,
               not
               for
               the
               Scarcity
               of
               such
               Commodities
               ,
               but
               partly
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               great
               Excise
               and
               Impost
               wherewith
               they
               are
               charged
               ,
               partly
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               abundance
               of
               Money
               that
               is
               stirring
               here
               .
               By
               the
               way
               we
               may
               note
               ,
               that
               the
               dearness
               of
               this
               sort
               of
               Provisions
               is
               an
               argument
               of
               the
               Riches
               of
               a
               Town
               or
               Countrey
               ,
               these
               things
               being
               always
               cheapest
               in
               the
               poorest
               places
               .
               Land
               is
               also
               here
               sold
               at
               30
               or
               40
               years
               Purchase
               ,
               and
               yet
               both
               Houses
               and
               Land
               set
               at
               very
               high
               annual
               Rents
               :
               So
               that
               were
               not
               the
               poor
               Workmen
               and
               Labourers
               well
               paid
               for
               their
               pains
               ,
               they
               could
               not
               possibly
               live
               .
               Their
               Beds
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               like
               Cabbins
               ,
               inconveniently
               short
               and
               narrow
               ,
               and
               yet
               such
               as
               they
               are
               ,
               you
               pay
               in
               some
               places
               ten
               Stivers
               a
               night
               the
               man
               for
               them
               ,
               and
               in
               most
               six
               .
               There
               is
               no
               way
               for
               a
               Stranger
               to
               deal
               with
               Inn-keepers
               ,
               Wagoners
               ,
               Porters
               and
               Boat-men
               ,
               but
               by
               bargaining
               with
               them
               before-hand
               .
               Their
               Houses
               in
               Holland
               are
               kept
               clean
               with
               extraordinary
               
               ordinary
               niceness
               ;
               and
               the
               Entrance
               before
               the
               Door
               curiously
               paved
               with
               Stone
               .
               All
               things
               both
               within
               and
               without
               ,
               Floor
               ,
               Posts
               ,
               Walls
               ,
               Glass
               ,
               Houshold-stuff
               marvellously
               clean
               ,
               bright
               ,
               and
               handsomly
               kept
               :
               nay
               some
               are
               so
               extraordinarily
               curious
               as
               to
               take
               down
               the
               very
               Tiles
               of
               their
               Pent-houses
               and
               cleanse
               them
               .
               Yet
               about
               the
               preparing
               and
               dressing
               of
               their
               Victuals
               our
               English
               Houswives
               are
               ,
               I
               think
               ,
               more
               cleanly
               and
               curious
               than
               they
               .
               So
               that
               no
               wonder
               Englishmen
               were
               formerly
               noted
               for
               excessive
               eating
               ,
               they
               having
               greater
               temptation
               to
               eat
               ,
               both
               from
               the
               goodness
               of
               their
               Meat
               ,
               and
               the
               curiosity
               of
               the
               dressing
               it
               ,
               than
               other
               nations
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               principal
               Churches
               of
               Holland
               are
               Organs
               ,
               which
               usually
               play
               for
               some
               time
               after
               the
               Sermon
               is
               done
               .
               The
               Collections
               for
               the
               Poor
               are
               made
               in
               Sermon-time
               ,
               a
               Purse
               with
               a
               Bell
               hanging
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               it
               and
               fastned
               to
               the
               end
               of
               a
               Pole
               being
               by
               the
               Collector
               reach'd
               to
               every
               one
               .
               The
               Psalm
               to
               be
               sung
               is
               marked
               upon
               Slates
               ,
               which
               are
               hung
               up
               and
               down
               the
               Churches
               .
               The
               People
               of
               these
               Countreys
               buy
               and
               sell
               small
               Commodities
               ,
               and
               travel
               by
               Wagon
               or
               Boat
               upon
               the
               Lords
               Days
               .
               Their
               travelling
               Wagons
               are
               some
               covered
               and
               some
               open
               :
               few
               travel
               on
               Horseback
               .
               No
               Beggars
               to
               be
               seen
               in
               all
               Holland
               ,
               care
               being
               taken
               to
               set
               on
               work
               all
               that
               are
               able
               ,
               and
               Provision
               made
               for
               the
               aged
               and
               impotent
               .
               There
               are
               in
               this
               one
               Province
               of
               Holland
               three
               or
               four
               and
               twenty
               walled
               Towns
               and
               Cities
               ,
               and
               six
               of
               these
               at
               least
               ,
               beside
               Amsterdam
               ,
               bigger
               than
               any
               we
               have
               in
               England
               except
               London
               ;
               and
               Amsterdam
               by
               this
               time
               well
               approaches
               to
               the
               Bigness
               of
               London
               .
            
             
               To
               these
               I
               shall
               add
               some
               Observations
               concerning
               the
               Low-Countries
               ,
               made
               by
               my
               much
               honoured
               Friend
               
                 Francis
                 Barnham
              
               
                 Esq
              
               deceased
               ,
               at
               his
               being
               there
               in
               the
               Retinue
               of
               my
               Lord
               Ambassadour
               Holles
               .
            
             
             
               In
               all
               the
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               of
               Note
               throughout
               the
               
                 Vnited
                 Netherlands
              
               there
               is
               a
               continual
               Watch
               kept
               night
               and
               day
               upon
               the
               highest
               Steeple
               ,
               for
               the
               more
               ready
               and
               speedy
               discovery
               of
               Fires
               ,
               or
               other
               things
               of
               a
               surprising
               nature
               ,
               which
               we
               have
               already
               noted
               in
               our
               Description
               of
               the
               City
               of
               Leyden
               .
            
             
               All
               Differences
               arising
               between
               Skippers
               and
               Foremen
               ,
               &c.
               are
               decided
               by
               casting
               the
               Die
               :
               this
               we
               often
               observed
               them
               to
               do
               ,
               when
               several
               of
               them
               strove
               who
               should
               carry
               us
               .
            
             
               The
               Rain
               that
               falls
               upon
               the
               Houses
               is
               by
               Pipes
               and
               Gutters
               conveyed
               into
               a
               Cistern
               ,
               and
               there
               reserved
               for
               the
               uses
               of
               the
               House
               ,
               as
               at
               Venice
               in
               Italy
               .
               This
               particular
               we
               have
               also
               before
               taken
               notice
               of
               in
               the
               Description
               of
               Leyden
               .
            
             
               The
               generality
               of
               the
               Dutch
               from
               the
               better
               sort
               to
               the
               meanest
               ,
               do
               much
               dread
               their
               Superiours
               :
               I
               think
               the
               cause
               is
               ,
               because
               upon
               Complaint
               made
               ,
               there
               is
               speedy
               care
               taken
               to
               do
               Justice
               .
            
             
               The
               generality
               of
               the
               People
               of
               all
               sorts
               are
               strangely
               given
               to
               the
               humour
               of
               running
               up
               and
               down
               to
               see
               any
               new
               or
               strange
               thing
               .
               The
               Common
               sort
               have
               any
               thing
               that
               is
               rich
               or
               gay
               in
               great
               admiration
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               when
               my
               Lord
               Holles
               made
               his
               Entry
               into
               Breda
               ,
               the
               Coronets
               that
               were
               on
               the
               top
               of
               his
               Coach
               were
               talkt
               of
               with
               wonder
               all
               the
               Countrey
               over
               .
            
             
               The
               People
               universally
               are
               great
               lovers
               of
               Money
               ,
               very
               covetous
               and
               greedy
               of
               Gain
               ,
               yet
               in
               their
               Bargains
               punctual
               and
               just
               .
               The
               Knowledge
               of
               most
               of
               them
               extends
               no
               further
               than
               the
               Arts
               of
               getting
               Money
               ,
               and
               an
               ability
               to
               talk
               of
               State-Affairs
               ,
               wherein
               you
               shall
               meet
               with
               mean
               persons
               very
               well
               seen
               :
               I
               think
               the
               Reason
               may
               be
               ,
               because
               the
               lowest
               of
               them
               is
               not
               without
               hopes
               of
               coming
               to
               be
               a
               Burger
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               one
               of
               the
               States
               .
            
             
             
               I
               cannot
               allow
               the
               Low-Dutch
               to
               be
               of
               a
               valiant
               and
               couragious
               temper
               generally
               ,
               notwithstanding
               they
               fight
               so
               well
               at
               Sea
               ;
               For
               the
               Constitution
               of
               their
               Bodies
               which
               is
               Phlegmatic
               ,
               and
               the
               temperature
               of
               the
               Air
               which
               is
               moist
               ,
               and
               their
               Diet
               which
               is
               gross
               and
               foggy
               ,
               forbid
               it
               .
            
             
               Yet
               are
               there
               few
               or
               none
               in
               these
               Countries
               that
               die
               of
               Consumptions
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               Liberty
               of
               all
               Religions
               and
               Professions
               ,
               but
               abundance
               of
               Spies
               to
               watch
               them
               ,
               that
               they
               disturb
               not
               the
               publick
               Peace
               .
            
             
               I
               think
               it
               harder
               to
               be
               a
               Traitor
               under
               the
               Government
               of
               Holland
               than
               under
               any
               other
               Kingdom
               or
               State
               ,
               because
               they
               seem
               to
               be
               more
               watchful
               and
               suspicious
               .
            
             
               The
               People
               say
               and
               print
               what
               they
               please
               ,
               and
               call
               it
               Liberty
               .
            
             
               The
               better
               ,
               much
               more
               the
               worse
               ,
               sort
               have
               little
               sense
               of
               Honour
               ,
               governing
               themselves
               more
               by
               the
               Rules
               of
               Profit
               and
               Advantage
               ,
               than
               of
               Generosity
               and
               Decorum
               .
            
             
               Murder
               is
               not
               prosecuted
               with
               so
               much
               diligence
               and
               concern
               as
               Felony
               or
               Theft
               .
            
             
               The
               times
               of
               the
               day
               for
               Marriages
               and
               Burials
               are
               limited
               ,
               but
               with
               difference
               is
               respect
               of
               places
               ;
               for
               at
               Breda
               they
               must
               bury
               their
               dead
               before
               12
               of
               the
               clock
               ,
               and
               at
               Amsterdam
               not
               till
               the
               Afternoon
               .
            
             
               When
               any
               famous
               Deed
               or
               Exploit
               is
               done
               by
               any
               of
               their
               Nation
               ,
               it
               is
               represented
               to
               the
               People
               with
               all
               insinuating
               circumstances
               ,
               to
               make
               them
               proud
               of
               the
               Honour
               of
               being
               Subjects
               in
               a
               State
               where
               such
               mighty
               deeds
               are
               done
               .
               Besides
               ,
               for
               encouragement
               there
               is
               for
               the
               most
               part
               a
               Monument
               or
               Statue
               erected
               to
               the
               memory
               of
               them
               who
               do
               great
               things
               .
            
             
               Their
               Solemnizations
               of
               Victoirs
               ,
               as
               they
               call
               them
               ,
               seems
               to
               me
               of
               great
               use
               ,
               like
               Triumphs
               
               among
               the
               Romans
               .
               For
               those
               Bonfires
               and
               other
               expressions
               of
               Joy
               do
               make
               glad
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               give
               them
               better
               thoughts
               of
               their
               Governours
               ,
               and
               dispose
               them
               to
               their
               service
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               service
               of
               God
               the
               People
               seem
               more
               delighted
               and
               concerned
               in
               that
               part
               of
               Worship
               which
               consists
               in
               singing
               than
               any
               other
               ,
               and
               they
               provide
               more
               for
               it
               .
               For
               in
               their
               Churches
               there
               are
               few
               other
               Books
               among
               them
               than
               Psalters
               bound
               up
               with
               the
               Church-Catechism
               .
            
             
               The
               common
               sort
               of
               Women
               (
               not
               to
               say
               all
               )
               seem
               more
               fond
               of
               and
               delighted
               with
               lascivious
               and
               obscene
               Talk
               than
               either
               the
               English
               or
               the
               French.
               
            
             
               The
               Women
               are
               said
               not
               much
               to
               regard
               Chastity
               while
               unmarried
               ,
               but
               when
               once
               married
               none
               more
               chast
               and
               true
               to
               their
               Husbands
               .
            
             
               The
               Women
               even
               of
               the
               better
               sort
               do
               upon
               little
               Acquaintance
               easily
               admit
               saluting
               with
               a
               Kiss
               :
               and
               it
               is
               familiarly
               used
               among
               themselves
               either
               in
               Frolicks
               or
               upon
               Departures
               and
               Returns
               though
               never
               so
               short
               .
            
             
               The
               Women
               are
               in
               a
               sense
               Privy-Counsellors
               to
               their
               Husbands●
               for
               they
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               privy
               to
               all
               their
               Actions
               :
               and
               the
               Men
               seldom
               do
               any
               thing
               without
               their
               Advice
               and
               Consent
               .
               Yet
               doth
               not
               this
               Indulgence
               enamour
               them
               of
               their
               own
               Nation
               ;
               for
               it
               is
               said
               ,
               that
               if
               a
               Woman
               can
               get
               an
               English
               Husband
               ,
               she
               will
               never
               marry
               a
               Dutch.
               
            
             
               The
               Dutch
               when
               they
               see
               their
               Friends
               at
               the
               point
               of
               Death
               ,
               and
               past
               all
               hope
               of
               Recovery
               ,
               out
               of
               Pity
               and
               Tenderness
               desirous
               to
               rid
               them
               out
               of
               their
               Pain
               ,
               will
               sometimes
               hasten
               their
               end
               by
               withdrawing
               the
               Pillow
               or
               the
               like
               .
               Thus
               far
               Mr.
               Barnham
               .
            
             
               In
               most
               of
               the
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               in
               the
               Netherlands
               there
               are
               a
               great
               number
               of
               chiming
               little
               
               Bells
               which
               seldom
               rest
               ,
               but
               were
               to
               us
               troublesome
               with
               their
               frequent
               Jangling
               .
               But
               for
               Rings
               of
               great
               Bells
               all
               Europe
               cannot
               shew
               so
               many
               as
               England
               alone
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               might
               well
               be
               called
               the
               
                 Ringing
                 Island
              
               .
            
             
               A
               multitude
               of
               Storks
               frequent
               these
               Countries
               ,
               building
               upon
               their
               Chimnies
               in
               the
               Towns
               and
               Cities
               as
               well
               as
               Villages
               ;
               but
               not
               in
               the
               Territories
               of
               Common-wealths
               only
               (
               as
               some
               imagine
               )
               but
               of
               Kings
               and
               Princes
               also
               ,
               as
               at
               Lovain
               and
               elsewhere
               in
               the
               King
               of
               
               Spain's
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               in
               Germany
               in
               several
               Princes
               Dominions
               .
            
             
               June
               22.
               we
               travelled
               from
               Maestricht
               to
               Liege
               four
               Leagues
               distant
               .
               In
               the
               side
               of
               a
               Hill
               we
               ascended
               at
               some
               distance
               from
               Maestricht
               ,
               we
               saw
               an
               arched
               Passage
               into
               a
               Vault
               (
               as
               we
               were
               informed
               )
               some
               two
               hours
               in
               length
               .
               A
               good
               way
               within
               under
               ground
               they
               dig
               Stone
               which
               here
               they
               bring
               out
               in
               Carts
               .
               It
               being
               a
               wet
               season
               we
               made
               no
               stay
               to
               go
               into
               this
               Vault
               ,
               therefore
               I
               have
               added
               here
               the
               Description
               of
               it
               out
               of
               the
               
                 Philosophical
                 Transactions
              
               Numb
               .
               67.
               pag.
               2051.
               
            
             
               There
               is
               an
               excellent
               Quarry
               within
               Cannon-shot
               of
               Maestricht
               upon
               the
               very
               brink
               of
               the
               River
               Mase
               ,
               lying
               in
               a
               Hill
               ,
               where
               there
               are
               about
               25
               Fathoms
               of
               Rock
               and
               Earth
               over
               head
               ;
               the
               length
               of
               the
               Hill
               being
               of
               some
               miles
               extending
               along
               the
               River
               towards
               Liege
               ,
               situate
               on
               the
               same
               River
               ;
               and
               towards
               Maestricht
               having
               in
               breadth
               some
               half
               or
               quarter
               of
               a
               mile
               ,
               but
               somewhat
               more
               further
               off
               .
               This
               Quarry
               hath
               one
               Entry
               towards
               the
               River
               ,
               where
               Carts
               can
               pass
               with
               great
               case
               ,
               and
               unload
               the
               Stones
               upon
               the
               brink
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               the
               Quarry
               within
               lying
               parallel
               to
               the
               Horizon
               or
               Level
               ,
               (
               which
               is
               a
               great
               advantage
               )
               and
               elevated
               but
               very
               little
               above
               the
               River
               .
               This
               same
               Quarry
               which
               hath
               well
               nigh
               undermined
               the
               whole
               Hill
               ,
               affords
               one
               of
               the
               most
               surprising
               Prospects
               ,
               when
               
               well
               lighted
               with
               many
               Torches
               ,
               that
               one
               can
               imagine
               .
               For
               there
               are
               thousands
               of
               square
               Pillars
               in
               large
               level
               Walks
               ,
               and
               those
               almost
               every
               where
               above
               twenty
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               places
               many
               more
               foot
               high
               ,
               and
               all
               wrought
               with
               so
               much
               neatness
               and
               regularity
               ,
               that
               one
               would
               think
               it
               had
               been
               made
               rather
               with
               curious
               Workmanship
               for
               an
               under-ground
               Palace
               ,
               than
               that
               those
               Pillars
               and
               Galleries
               were
               made
               by
               Quarriers
               that
               did
               it
               only
               for
               getting
               Stone
               to
               build
               above
               ground
               .
               This
               Quarry
               serveth
               the
               People
               that
               live
               thereabouts
               for
               a
               kind
               of
               impregnable
               Retreat
               when
               Armies
               march
               that
               way
               .
               For
               being
               acquainted
               with
               all
               the
               ways
               in
               it
               ,
               they
               carry
               into
               it
               whatsoever
               they
               would
               have
               safe
               ,
               as
               well
               their
               Horse
               and
               Cattel
               as
               their
               moveable
               Furniture
               ,
               till
               the
               danger
               be
               over
               ,
               there
               being
               so
               vast
               a
               deal
               of
               room
               ,
               that
               40000
               people
               may
               shelter
               themselves
               in
               it
               .
               And
               he
               that
               should
               attempt
               to
               seek
               them
               out
               in
               this
               vast
               Wilderness
               of
               Walks
               and
               Pillars
               ,
               without
               an
               expert
               Guide
               ,
               would
               not
               only
               be
               in
               hazard
               of
               losing
               his
               way
               ,
               but
               of
               being
               knockt
               on
               the
               head
               at
               the
               corner
               of
               every
               Pillar
               ,
               where
               People
               lurking
               in
               the
               dark
               with
               their
               Carbines
               and
               Fowling-Pieces
               would
               have
               fair
               opportunity
               of
               shooting
               at
               them
               by
               the
               Light
               of
               their
               own
               Torches
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 vide
              
               .
            
             
               Further
               upon
               the
               Downs
               we
               saw
               three
               or
               four
               more
               of
               these
               Passages
               ,
               and
               from
               hence
               had
               again
               a
               very
               pleasant
               Prospect
               of
               Maestricht
               and
               the
               Countrey
               about
               the
               River
               Mose
               .
            
             
               Liege
               or
               Luyck
               is
               a
               large
               City
               ,
               
               but
               not
               comparable
               to
               the
               Holland
               Towns
               for
               Beauty
               or
               Riches
               ;
               built
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               Timber
               ;
               some
               of
               the
               Houses
               being
               covered
               with
               boards
               after
               the
               Scotch
               fashion
               ,
               and
               some
               with
               Slate
               [
               the
               Walls
               I
               mean
               ,
               ]
               the
               rest
               uncovered
               and
               of
               Clay
               .
               The
               Streets
               are
               neither
               broad
               not
               clean-kept
               .
               The
               River
               Mose
               here
               divides
               itself
               ,
               and
               runs
               through
               the
               Town
               in
               two
               or
               three
               
               Branches
               ,
               over
               which
               are
               several
               Bridges
               .
               Here
               is
               a
               convenient
               Key
               ,
               and
               upon
               the
               River
               we
               observed
               Boats
               of
               an
               extraordinary
               length
               ,
               the
               like
               whereto
               we
               had
               before
               seen
               at
               Vtrecht
               and
               Dort.
               This
               City
               is
               pleasantly
               situate
               and
               environed
               almost
               round
               with
               Hills
               .
               On
               the
               Brow
               of
               a
               Hill
               which
               hangs
               over
               it
               ,
               stands
               a
               Fort
               or
               Castle
               which
               commands
               it
               .
               Upon
               the
               sides
               of
               these
               Hills
               are
               abundance
               of
               Orchards
               and
               Cherry-Gardens
               :
               On
               those
               near
               the
               City
               we
               first
               saw
               Vineyards
               ;
               though
               there
               are
               near
               Lovain
               ,
               which
               we
               saw
               not
               .
               All
               Belly-Provisions
               are
               cheap
               here
               .
               A
               great
               many
               of
               Poor
               and
               Beggars
               you
               meet
               with
               at
               every
               corner
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               not
               importunate
               if
               denied
               .
               The
               Countrey
               People
               are
               civil
               ,
               well-manner'd
               and
               kind
               to
               Strangers
               .
               The
               Women
               are
               of
               a
               dusky
               Complexion
               ,
               and
               generally
               not
               so
               handsom
               as
               the
               Hollanders
               .
               They
               do
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Drudgery
               ,
               the
               poorer
               sort
               carrying
               Coals
               and
               other
               Burthens
               on
               their
               backs
               in
               Baskets
               of
               a
               Conical
               Figure
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               or
               bottom
               of
               which
               they
               apply
               a
               stiff
               Baston
               ,
               and
               so
               rest
               themselves
               without
               setting
               down
               their
               Burthens
               .
               Near
               this
               City
               are
               gotten
               Coals
               in
               great
               plenty
               ,
               but
               they
               lie
               very
               deep
               under
               ground
               ;
               some
               of
               us
               went
               down
               into
               a
               Pit
               150
               yards
               deep
               .
               The
               Coal
               are
               like
               our
               Stone-Coal
               .
               The
               arts
               they
               use
               to
               get
               Air
               enough
               to
               serve
               them
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               these
               Delfs
               see
               in
               the
               
                 Philosoph
                 .
                 Transact
              
               .
            
             
               At
               Luyck
               they
               use
               also
               for
               Fewel
               a
               sort
               of
               round
               Balls
               made
               of
               Clay
               mixed
               with
               a
               certain
               proportion
               of
               Coal
               ,
               beaten
               small
               ,
               tempered
               together
               ,
               and
               dried
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Hotshots
               .
               These
               we
               never
               saw
               used
               any
               where
               but
               here
               ,
               though
               the
               making
               of
               them
               is
               described
               in
               many
               Books
               .
               They
               serve
               to
               slake
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Fire
               ,
               and
               keep
               the
               Coals
               from
               burning
               out
               too
               fast
               .
               Here
               and
               at
               Namur
               (
               as
               we
               were
               told
               )
               are
               made
               Stone-Pots
               and
               Jugs
               .
               The
               Cathedral
               Church
               is
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               Lambert
               ,
               
               to
               which
               belong
               60
               
                 Canonici
                 majores
              
               ,
               who
               must
               be
               all
               of
               Noble
               Blood
               ,
               except
               some
               few
               Scholars
               which
               they
               may
               chuse
               in
               .
               By
               these
               the
               Bishop
               and
               Prince
               of
               Liege
               is
               elected
               .
               Besides
               these
               there
               are
               twelve
               
                 Canonici
                 mediocres
              
               and
               twelve
               
                 minores
                 sive
                 parvae
                 mensae
              
               .
               On
               weighty
               occasions
               the
               Prince
               assembles
               the
               States
               of
               the
               Countrey
               for
               their
               Advice
               .
               The
               
                 Clergy
                 ,
                 Gentry
              
               and
               Commons
               send
               their
               several
               Deputies
               to
               these
               Conventions
               .
               No
               Law
               can
               be
               made
               nor
               any
               great
               Tax
               imposed
               without
               their
               consents
               .
               In
               this
               City
               are
               an
               incredible
               number
               of
               Monasteries
               or
               Religious
               Houses
               as
               they
               call
               them
               .
               In
               the
               Garden
               of
               the
               
                 English
                 Jesuites
              
               College
               we
               saw
               many
               ingenious
               Dials
               invented
               by
               
                 Franciscus
                 Linus
              
               .
               In
               the
               Church
               of
               the
               Gulielmites
               Cloister
               without
               the
               Walls
               we
               saw
               Sir
               John
               Mondeville's
               Tomb-Stone
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Vestry
               are
               kept
               his
               Saddle
               ,
               Spurs
               and
               Bridle-bit
               ,
               as
               also
               two
               great
               Knives
               ,
               which
               the
               Monks
               ,
               who
               shew'd
               us
               these
               things
               ,
               told
               us
               were
               given
               him
               by
               the
               Emperor
               of
               the
               Turks
               ,
               being
               such
               as
               himself
               used
               .
               Upon
               his
               Tomb-Stone
               was
               this
               Inscription
               :
               
                 HIC
                 JACE●
                 VIR
                 NOBILIS
                 
                   DNS
                   JOES
                
                 DE
                 MANDEV●LLE
                 AL'
                 DICTUS
                 AD
                 BARBAM
                 MILES
                 
                   DNS
                
                 DE
                 
                   CAPDI
                
                 NATUS
                 DE
                 ANGLIA
                 ,
                 MEDICINE
                 PROFESSOR
                 ,
                 DEVOTISSIMUS
                 ORATOR
                 ET
                 BONORUM
                 LARGISSIMUS
                 PAUPERIBUS
                 EROGATOR
                 ,
                 QUI
                 TOTO
                 QUASI
                 ORBE
                 LUSTRATO
                 ,
                 LEODII
                 DIEM
                 VITE
                 SUE
                 CLAUSIT
                 EXTREMUM
                 ANNO
                 
                   DNI
                
                 M
                 o
                 CCC
                 o
                 LXXI
                 o
                 MENSIS
                 NOVEMBRIS
                 DIE
                 XVII
                 .
              
            
             
               Thereon
               was
               also
               engraven
               the
               Figure
               of
               an
               armed
               man
               ,
               treading
               on
               a
               Lion
               ,
               having
               a
               forked
               
               Beard
               ,
               his
               Hand
               lift
               up
               to
               his
               Head
               in
               a
               blessing
               Posture
               ,
               and
               these
               words
               going
               out
               of
               his
               Mouth
               ,
               
                 VOS
                 KI
                 PASEIS
                 SOR
                 MI
                 POVR
                 L'
                 AMOVR
                 DEIX
                 PROIES
                 POR
                 MI.
              
               Which
               is
               old
               French
               ,
               signifying
               
                 You
                 that
                 pass
                 over
                 me
                 for
                 the
                 love
                 of
                 God
                 pray
                 for
                 me
                 .
              
            
             
               June
               26.
               
               we
               travelled
               hilly
               and
               stony
               way
               from
               Liege
               to
               the
               Spaw
               ,
               seven
               hours
               distant
               .
               We
               had
               in
               prospect
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               as
               we
               rode
               ,
               Franchimont
               Castle
               ,
               and
               soon
               after
               came
               to
               the
               view
               of
               a
               deep
               Valley
               ,
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               which
               lay
               the
               Spaw
               .
               It
               is
               a
               pleasant
               little
               walled
               Town
               ,
               though
               called
               a
               Village
               ,
               indifferently
               well
               built
               for
               a
               place
               so
               remote
               from
               Commerce
               .
               The
               Inhabitants
               reap
               no
               small
               benefit
               from
               the
               frequency
               of
               Strangers
               ,
               which
               in
               the
               Summer-time
               repair
               thither
               in
               great
               numbers
               to
               drink
               the
               Medicinal
               Waters
               .
               There
               is
               one
               Well
               called
               Pouhont
               ,
               within
               the
               Town
               ,
               in
               the
               Market-place
               ,
               which
               tasts
               strong
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               the
               Virtues
               whereof
               are
               contained
               in
               this
               Distich
               written
               over
               it
               
                 
                   Obstructum
                   reserat
                   ,
                   durum
                   terit
                   ,
                   humida
                   siccat
                   ,
                   Debile
                   fortificat
                   ,
                   si
                   tamen
                   arte
                   bibis
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               other
               Wells
               are
               at
               a
               good
               d●●●nce
               from
               the
               Town
               .
               (
               1.
               )
               Sauvenir
               ,
               to
               the
               Eastward
               ,
               about
               an
               hours
               walk
               remote
               ,
               (
               2.
               )
               Geronster
               ,
               as
               far
               to
               the
               Southward
               ,
               and
               (
               3.
               )
               Tonnelet
               ,
               about
               the
               mid-way
               between
               Pouhont
               and
               Sauvenir
               .
               These
               Waters
               seemed
               to
               me
               more
               brisk
               and
               sprightly
               ,
               and
               better
               sated
               with
               Mineral
               Juices
               than
               any
               I
               have
               tasted
               in
               England
               ,
               and
               doubtless
               are
               more
               nimble
               and
               vigorous
               in
               their
               Operations
               .
               But
               of
               their
               several
               Natures
               and
               Virtues
               
                 Henricus
                 ab
                 Heer
                 's
              
               hath
               written
               a
               particular
               Treatise
               ,
               entitled
               Spadacrene
               ,
               to
               which
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               that
               is
               desirous
               to
               know
               more
               of
               them
               .
               In
               the
               Woods
               and
               upon
               the
               Rocks
               near
               this
               Town
               we
               found
               many
               rare
               Plants
               ,
               which
               we
               had
               
               not
               before
               met
               with
               ,
               I
               mean
               spontaneously
               growing
               in
               their
               natural
               places
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Asclepias
                 flore
                 albo
                 ,
                 Polygonatum
                 minus
                 ,
                 Cyanus
                 major
                 ,
                 Rapunculus
                 spicatus
                 ,
                 Campanula
                 persicifolia
                 ,
                 Sideritis
                 flore
                 pallido
                 similis
                 Ladano
                 segetum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               June
               28.
               
               From
               the
               Spaw
               we
               travelled
               to
               Aken
               ,
               
               passing
               through
               Limbourg
               three
               hours
               distant
               ,
               a
               Town
               considerable
               for
               its
               Strength
               ,
               being
               situate
               on
               the
               side
               of
               a
               Hill
               ,
               and
               encompassed
               with
               a
               strong
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               ;
               not
               for
               its
               Bigness
               ,
               it
               consisting
               only
               of
               one
               short
               broad
               Street
               ,
               nor
               for
               its
               Beauty
               ,
               the
               Buildings
               being
               all
               of
               Wood.
               The
               Garrison
               at
               our
               being
               there
               was
               about
               300
               Soldiers
               .
               Before
               we
               entred
               the
               Town
               we
               were
               met
               upon
               the
               way
               by
               some
               of
               these
               Soldiers
               ,
               who
               very
               insolently
               stopt
               our
               Horses
               ,
               demanding
               Money
               of
               us
               ,
               which
               we
               were
               forced
               to
               give
               according
               to
               their
               discretion
               ,
               before
               they
               would
               let
               us
               pass
               ,
               which
               though
               it
               were
               no
               considerable
               Sum
               ,
               yet
               was
               more
               than
               we
               were
               willing
               should
               be
               violently
               extorted
               from
               us
               .
               When
               we
               were
               past
               the
               Town
               ,
               we
               met
               also
               with
               many
               of
               these
               Straglers
               ,
               by
               whom
               (
               it
               was
               told
               us
               )
               many
               Robberies
               are
               committed
               hereabout
               .
            
             
               Aken
               ,
               
               called
               by
               the
               French
               
                 Aix
                 la
                 Chappelle
              
               ,
               to
               distinguish
               it
               ,
               I
               suppose
               ,
               from
               Aix
               in
               Provence
               ,
               is
               a
               free
               City
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               very
               considerable
               for
               its
               Strength
               and
               Greatness
               ,
               being
               encompassed
               with
               a
               double
               Wall
               ,
               and
               having
               in
               it
               30
               Churches
               .
               About
               now
               some
               15
               years
               ago
               here
               happened
               a
               lamentable
               Fire
               which
               almost
               ruined
               the
               Town
               ,
               burning
               down
               to
               the
               ground
               4500
               Houses
               ,
               from
               which
               Calamity
               it
               was
               not
               half
               recovered
               at
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               there
               .
               In
               the
               great
               Piazza
               or
               Market-place
               is
               a
               handsom
               Fountain
               ,
               with
               this
               Inscription
               about
               the
               edges
               of
               the
               Basin
               :
               
                 Hîc
                 aquis
                 per
                 Granum
                 Principem
                 quendam
                 Romanum
                 ,
                 Neronis
                 &
                 Agrippae
                 fratrem
                 inventis
                 ,
                 calidorum
                 fontium
                 thermae
                 à
                 principio
                 constructae
                 ,
                 postea
                 verò
                 per
                 D.
                 Carolum
                 Magnum
                 Imp.
                 constituto
                 
                 ut
                 locus
                 hic
                 sit
                 caput
                 &
                 regni
                 sedes
                 trans
                 Alpes
                 ,
                 renovatae
                 sunt
                 :
                 quibus
                 thermis
                 hîc
                 gelidus
                 fons
                 influxit
                 olint
                 ,
                 quem
                 nunc
                 demum
                 hoc
                 aeneo
                 vase
                 illustravit
                 S.
                 P.
                 Q.
                 Aquisgranensis
                 ,
                 Anno
                 Domini
              
               1620.
               
               The
               Iron
               Crown
               wherewith
               the
               Emperor
               is
               crown'd
               ,
               and
               the
               Sword
               of
               Charlemaigne
               ,
               which
               he
               holds
               when
               he
               is
               crown'd
               ;
               and
               is
               obliged
               to
               wear
               by
               his
               side
               three
               days
               together
               ,
               and
               wherewith
               he
               creates
               Noblemen
               ;
               as
               also
               the
               Gospels
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               written
               by
               the
               Evangelists
               own
               hands
               ,
               are
               here
               kept
               ,
               and
               every
               Coronation
               sent
               to
               Frankfurt
               .
               The
               Chair
               wherein
               the
               Emperor
               sits
               when
               he
               is
               crown'd
               here
               ,
               hath
               its
               Sides
               of
               Ivory
               ,
               and
               its
               Bottom
               as
               they
               fondly
               imagine
               of
               the
               Wood
               of
               
               Noah's
               Ark.
               
            
             
               This
               City
               (
               according
               to
               the
               best
               information
               we
               could
               get
               there
               ,
               )
               is
               governed
               by
               a
               Maior
               ,
               two
               Consuls
               or
               Burgomasters
               ,
               fourteen
               Scabins
               and
               about
               120
               Senators
               or
               Counsellors
               .
               The
               Maior
               is
               President
               of
               the
               Scabins
               and
               executes
               their
               Sentences
               ;
               he
               is
               put
               in
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Gulick
               and
               continues
               during
               Life
               ,
               
                 modò
                 bene
                 se
                 gesserit
              
               .
               The
               Consuls
               are
               chosen
               by
               the
               Suffrage
               of
               the
               several
               Companies
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               continue
               two
               years
               
                 modò
                 bene
                 se
                 gesserint
              
               ;
               every
               year
               there
               is
               one
               chosen
               .
               One
               that
               is
               no
               Senator
               may
               be
               chosen
               Consul
               or
               Burgomaster
               ,
               and
               yet
               these
               have
               the
               chief
               power
               .
               The
               Scabins
               are
               Judges
               and
               continue
               during
               Life
               ;
               when
               one
               of
               them
               dies
               ,
               the
               rest
               chuse
               another
               in
               his
               place
               .
               The
               Senators
               are
               chosen
               by
               the
               several
               Companies
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               are
               about
               fourteen
               or
               fifteen
               in
               this
               City
               .
               Every
               Company
               chuses
               eight
               .
               Half
               the
               Senate
               are
               yearly
               chosen
               .
               The
               Territory
               of
               this
               City
               is
               large
               ,
               containing
               about
               200
               Villages
               ,
               and
               is
               for
               the
               most
               part
               encompassed
               with
               Mountains
               .
               We
               saw
               here
               the
               manner
               of
               making
               Brass
               of
               Copper
               ,
               by
               mingling
               and
               melting
               therewith
               
                 Lapis
                 Calaminaris
              
               ,
               which
               changes
               the
               colour
               thereof
               from
               red
               to
               yellow
               ,
               and
               increaseth
               the
               weight
               by
               thirty
               in
               
               the
               Hundred
               .
               But
               that
               for
               which
               this
               Place
               is
               most
               remarkable
               ,
               and
               from
               which
               it
               took
               its
               Name
               ,
               are
               the
               Hot
               Baths
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               are
               several
               within
               the
               Walls
               and
               others
               without
               ,
               at
               Borcet
               a
               great
               Village
               less
               than
               an
               English
               mile
               distant
               .
               The
               Waters
               of
               Borcet
               at
               the
               Sources
               where
               they
               issue
               out
               of
               the
               Earth
               are
               much
               hotter
               than
               those
               of
               the
               Bath
               in
               England
               ,
               and
               the
               Springs
               more
               plentiful
               .
               The
               People
               there
               told
               us
               ,
               and
               I
               can
               easily
               believe
               them
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               serve
               to
               boil
               Eggs
               in
               .
               Their
               Tast
               seemed
               to
               us
               saltish
               .
               They
               are
               used
               outwardly
               for
               Bathing
               ,
               and
               taken
               inwardly
               for
               many
               Diseases
               .
               As
               we
               walked
               to
               Borcet
               we
               could
               not
               but
               take
               notice
               of
               a
               Pool
               whose
               Waters
               were
               almost
               tepid
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               little
               Stream
               from
               the
               Hot
               Baths
               running
               through
               it
               ,
               wherein
               we
               were
               assured
               were
               bred
               and
               fed
               good
               store
               of
               Fish
               ,
               which
               are
               put
               into
               cold
               Water
               for
               a
               moneth
               or
               two
               before
               they
               eat
               them
               .
               But
               of
               the
               Nature
               ,
               Kinds
               ,
               Ingredients
               and
               Uses
               of
               the
               several
               hot
               Waters
               ,
               as
               well
               those
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               as
               of
               Borcet
               ,
               the
               following
               abstract
               of
               an
               Epistolary
               Discourse
               concerning
               them
               written
               in
               French
               ,
               and
               published
               by
               
                 Francis
                 Bloudel
              
               M.
               D.
               will
               give
               the
               Reader
               more
               particular
               Information
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       Observations
                       concerning
                       the
                       Baths
                       of
                       Aken
                       ,
                       collected
                       out
                       of
                       an
                       Epistolary
                       Discourse
                       Published
                       in
                       French
                       by
                       Francis
                       Blondel
                       ,
                       M.
                       D.
                       
                    
                     
                       NOt
                       to
                       trouble
                       the
                       Reader
                       with
                       the
                       various
                       Opinions
                       of
                       Antient
                       and
                       Modern
                       Philosophers
                       concerning
                       the
                       Cause
                       of
                       the
                       actual
                       Heat
                       of
                       natural
                       Baths
                       ,
                       our
                       Authors
                       accompt
                       thereof
                       in
                       reference
                       to
                       these
                       of
                       Aken
                       is
                       in
                       brief
                       as
                       follows
                       .
                    
                     
                       These
                       Waters
                       (
                       saith
                       he
                       )
                       passing
                       through
                       a
                       certain
                       argillaceous
                       Earth
                       ,
                       pregnant
                       with
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       nitrous
                       Salt
                       ,
                       almost
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       tast
                       with
                       the
                       Waters
                       of
                       the
                       Baths
                       (
                       which
                       is
                       to
                       be
                       found
                       in
                       good
                       quantity
                       in
                       the
                       lands
                       about
                       this
                       City
                       )
                       charge
                       themselves
                       therewith
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       become
                       a
                       menstruum
                       capable
                       of
                       dissolving
                       such
                       Minerals
                       and
                       Metals
                       as
                       are
                       conteined
                       in
                       the
                       Veins
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       through
                       which
                       they
                       run
                       .
                       This
                       Solution
                       he
                       conceives
                       is
                       made
                       by
                       piercing
                       and
                       corroding
                       the
                       Minerals
                       after
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       Spirit
                       of
                       Nitre
                       and
                       other
                       
                         Aquae
                         Stygiae
                      
                       are
                       wont
                       to
                       do
                       ,
                       which
                       usually
                       causes
                       a
                       great
                       Ebullition
                       and
                       Heat
                       .
                       So
                       then
                       the
                       actual
                       Heat
                       of
                       these
                       Springs
                       proceeds
                       from
                       the
                       Mixture
                       and
                       Encounter
                       of
                       their
                       Waters
                       (
                       impregnate
                       as
                       is
                       before
                       intimated
                       )
                       with
                       the
                       Mineral
                       and
                       Metallic
                       Substances
                       ,
                       Juices
                       and
                       Spirits
                       conteined
                       in
                       the
                       Veins
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       through
                       which
                       they
                       have
                       their
                       Course
                       .
                       The
                       nitrous
                       Salt
                       fore-mentioned
                       may
                       perhaps
                       be
                       the
                       Hermetic
                       Salt
                       of
                       Monsieur
                       Rochas
                       ,
                       or
                       the
                       esurine
                       Salt
                       of
                       Helmont
                       .
                       Now
                       the
                       Water
                       once
                       heated
                       ,
                       being
                       conteined
                       in
                       the
                       Vaults
                       of
                       the
                       Mountains
                       as
                       in
                       a
                       Stove
                       ,
                       continues
                       hot
                       a
                       long
                       time
                       ,
                       the
                       Eruption
                       thereof
                       being
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       
                       likely
                       ,
                       at
                       a
                       good
                       distance
                       from
                       the
                       place
                       where
                       it
                       did
                       at
                       first
                       conceive
                       its
                       Heat
                       .
                    
                     
                       At
                       the
                       long
                       continuance
                       and
                       duration
                       of
                       the
                       Heat
                       of
                       these
                       Waters
                       for
                       so
                       many
                       ages
                       past
                       no
                       man
                       need
                       wonder
                       :
                       For
                       (
                       1.
                       )
                       It
                       is
                       generally
                       taken
                       for
                       granted
                       that
                       all
                       sorts
                       of
                       Mines
                       do
                       grow
                       and
                       increase
                       by
                       addition
                       ,
                       converting
                       the
                       more
                       refined
                       ,
                       subtile
                       part
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       ,
                       and
                       which
                       hath
                       a
                       seminal
                       disposition
                       of
                       such
                       a
                       change
                       ,
                       into
                       their
                       own
                       nature
                       .
                       (
                       2.
                       )
                       The
                       nitrous
                       Salts
                       ,
                       the
                       first
                       Ingredients
                       of
                       these
                       Waters
                       ,
                       are
                       also
                       restored
                       in
                       their
                       Matrices
                       ,
                       after
                       the
                       same
                       manner
                       as
                       we
                       see
                       it
                       happens
                       in
                       the
                       
                         Caput
                         mortuum
                      
                       of
                       Vitriol
                       ,
                       which
                       though
                       the
                       Vitriol
                       hath
                       been
                       once
                       or
                       twice
                       extracted
                       from
                       it
                       ,
                       will
                       by
                       being
                       exposed
                       to
                       the
                       Air
                       again
                       recover
                       more
                       ;
                       whether
                       it
                       be
                       by
                       conversion
                       of
                       its
                       Matrix
                       into
                       its
                       own
                       nature
                       by
                       a
                       kind
                       of
                       Aggeneration
                       and
                       Transmutation
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       imbibing
                       and
                       retaining
                       those
                       subtile
                       and
                       volatile
                       saline
                       Exhalations
                       ,
                       which
                       continually
                       ascend
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       or
                       wander
                       up
                       and
                       down
                       the
                       Air.
                       
                    
                     
                       As
                       for
                       the
                       Ingredients
                       of
                       these
                       hot
                       Waters
                       in
                       general
                       he
                       saith
                       ,
                       That
                       besides
                       a
                       threefold
                       Salt-Nitre
                       
                         fixed
                         ,
                         volatile
                      
                       and
                       mingled
                       or
                       Armoniack
                       ,
                       they
                       partake
                       of
                       a
                       fixed
                       and
                       volatile
                       Sulphur
                       ,
                       a
                       Manna
                       of
                       Alum
                       ,
                       some
                       Vitriol
                       ,
                       divers
                       Metals
                       ,
                       as
                       Copper
                       and
                       Iron
                       ,
                       a
                       very
                       little
                       volatile
                       Earth
                       ,
                       a
                       certain
                       Argilla
                       ,
                       Sand
                       and
                       Calaminary
                       Flowers
                       .
                       That
                       they
                       participate
                       of
                       Copper
                       he
                       proves
                       in
                       that
                       the
                       Territory
                       of
                       Aken
                       abounds
                       in
                       divers
                       places
                       with
                       
                         Lapis
                         Calaminaris
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       as
                       it
                       were
                       the
                       Aliment
                       of
                       Copper
                       :
                       For
                       being
                       mingled
                       in
                       the
                       Furnaces
                       with
                       red
                       Copper
                       it
                       augments
                       it
                       by
                       the
                       addition
                       of
                       30
                       pound
                       weight
                       
                         per
                         Cent.
                      
                       and
                       gives
                       it
                       a
                       yellow
                       or
                       golden
                       Tincture
                       .
                       As
                       for
                       Iron
                       ,
                       the
                       many
                       ferrugineous
                       Springs
                       that
                       are
                       found
                       within
                       and
                       without
                       this
                       City
                       are
                       an
                       evident
                       testimony
                       that
                       there
                       are
                       plenty
                       of
                       Iron
                       Mines
                       hereabout
                       ;
                       and
                       therefore
                       most
                       likely
                       it
                       is
                       ,
                       if
                       not
                       certain
                       ,
                       that
                       these
                       hot
                       Waters
                       charge
                       themselves
                       with
                       
                       that
                       Metal
                       .
                       That
                       they
                       contain
                       a
                       threefold
                       nitrous
                       Salt
                       ,
                       he
                       proves
                       from
                       their
                       natural
                       Evaporations
                       .
                       (
                       1.
                       )
                       The
                       fixed
                       is
                       found
                       in
                       the
                       Wells
                       of
                       Borcet
                       and
                       the
                       Emperor
                       ,
                       crystallized
                       into
                       small
                       shining
                       square
                       grains
                       ,
                       mingled
                       with
                       a
                       little
                       Flower
                       of
                       Sulphur
                       ,
                       sticking
                       to
                       the
                       Covers
                       of
                       those
                       Wells
                       ,
                       which
                       have
                       not
                       been
                       of
                       a
                       long
                       time
                       opened
                       .
                       It
                       may
                       be
                       also
                       found
                       in
                       the
                       Chymical
                       examination
                       of
                       these
                       Waters
                       by
                       Evaporation
                       or
                       Destillation
                       .
                       (
                       2.
                       )
                       The
                       Volatile
                       is
                       carried
                       up
                       by
                       the
                       volatile
                       Sulphur
                       ,
                       as
                       is
                       hereafter
                       shew'd
                       in
                       the
                       Description
                       of
                       the
                       first
                       sort
                       of
                       these
                       Baths
                       .
                       (
                       3.
                       )
                       The
                       mingled
                       or
                       Armoniac
                       is
                       daily
                       seen
                       in
                       all
                       the
                       Waters
                       of
                       the
                       City
                       and
                       of
                       Borcet
                       ,
                       swimming
                       in
                       little
                       Cylinders
                       on
                       the
                       surface
                       of
                       the
                       Water
                       ,
                       and
                       this
                       is
                       that
                       Cream
                       or
                       Scum
                       which
                       is
                       ordinarily
                       found
                       upon
                       the
                       Waters
                       in
                       the
                       Basins
                       .
                       That
                       they
                       contain
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       the
                       fore-mentioned
                       Ingredients
                       shall
                       be
                       shewn
                       in
                       the
                       Description
                       of
                       the
                       particular
                       Baths
                       :
                       the
                       Waters
                       whereof
                       our
                       Author
                       reduces
                       to
                       four
                       sorts
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       Nitro-sulphureous
                       ,
                       such
                       are
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Emperors
                       Bath
                       ,
                       the
                       Little
                       Bath
                       ,
                       and
                       S.
                       
                       Quirin's
                       Bath
                       .
                       2.
                       
                       Sulphureo-nitrous
                       ,
                       such
                       are
                       those
                       of
                       Compus
                       or
                       the
                       Poor-mens
                       Bath
                       ,
                       the
                       
                       Rose-Bath
                       and
                       S
                       Cornelius
                       his
                       Bath
                       .
                       3.
                       
                       Sulphureo-nitro-vitriolic
                       ,
                       such
                       is
                       another
                       Bath
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       S.
                       Cornelius
                       .
                       4.
                       
                       
                         Salso-alumino-nitrous
                         ,
                         viz.
                      
                       those
                       of
                       Borcet
                       a
                       Village
                       adjoining
                       to
                       Aken
                       .
                    
                     
                       I.
                       As
                       for
                       the
                       Nitro-sulphureous
                       kind
                       ,
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Emperors
                       Bath
                       and
                       the
                       Little
                       Bath
                       are
                       but
                       one
                       Water
                       coming
                       from
                       the
                       same
                       Source
                       ,
                       and
                       collected
                       in
                       one
                       and
                       the
                       same
                       Well
                       .
                       That
                       part
                       reserved
                       in
                       the
                       Emperors
                       Bath
                       is
                       divided
                       into
                       five
                       great
                       Basins
                       or
                       Receptacles
                       :
                       that
                       in
                       the
                       Little
                       Bath
                       into
                       three
                       .
                       All
                       which
                       might
                       be
                       renewed
                       daily
                       ,
                       if
                       time
                       would
                       permit
                       ,
                       the
                       Spring
                       is
                       so
                       copious
                       .
                       But
                       by
                       reason
                       of
                       the
                       excessive
                       Heat
                       of
                       the
                       Waters
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       necessary
                       oft-times
                       that
                       they
                       stand
                       in
                       the
                       Basin
                       16
                       or
                       18
                       hours
                       to
                       cool
                       ,
                       before
                       they
                       be
                       fit
                       for
                       the
                       Patients
                       use
                       .
                       Notwithstanding
                       
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       come
                       to
                       a
                       just
                       temper
                       ,
                       one
                       may
                       bath
                       in
                       them
                       and
                       endure
                       them
                       a
                       long
                       time
                       ,
                       as
                       those
                       of
                       Borcet
                       ,
                       without
                       any
                       Inconvenience
                       .
                       This
                       Source
                       hath
                       that
                       of
                       peculiar
                       to
                       itself
                       ,
                       that
                       in
                       its
                       Well
                       one
                       may
                       find
                       distinctly
                       a
                       quantity
                       of
                       Nitre
                       coagulated
                       ,
                       and
                       good
                       plenty
                       of
                       Flowers
                       of
                       Sulphur
                       very
                       light
                       ,
                       purely
                       fine
                       and
                       well
                       sented
                       .
                       The
                       Nitre
                       sticks
                       to
                       the
                       sides
                       of
                       the
                       Well
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       do
                       the
                       Flowers
                       of
                       Sulphur
                       above
                       that
                       :
                       The
                       which
                       sometimes
                       whether
                       by
                       the
                       extraordinary
                       boiling
                       up
                       of
                       the
                       Fountain
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       the
                       impetuosity
                       of
                       the
                       ascending
                       Vapours
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       their
                       own
                       weight
                       are
                       broken
                       off
                       ,
                       and
                       fall
                       back
                       into
                       the
                       Source
                       ;
                       from
                       whence
                       being
                       no
                       more
                       dissolved
                       by
                       the
                       Water
                       ,
                       they
                       come
                       forth
                       intire
                       into
                       the
                       Basins
                       .
                       If
                       you
                       take
                       of
                       this
                       Water
                       ,
                       and
                       let
                       it
                       stand
                       in
                       a
                       Vessel
                       certain
                       days
                       ,
                       it
                       will
                       precipitate
                       of
                       these
                       yellow
                       Flowers
                       of
                       Sulphur
                       to
                       the
                       bottom
                       of
                       the
                       Vessel
                       .
                       Besides
                       these
                       volatile
                       Flowers
                       ,
                       these
                       Waters
                       contein
                       also
                       fixt
                       Flowers
                       of
                       Sulphur
                       ,
                       a
                       competent
                       quantity
                       of
                       Nitre
                       and
                       
                         volatile
                         ,
                         fixt
                      
                       and
                       mixt
                       or
                       Armoniac
                       ,
                       a
                       little
                       Alum
                       ,
                       less
                       Vitriol
                       ,
                       the
                       Spirits
                       and
                       Principles
                       of
                       Copper
                       and
                       Iron
                       ,
                       a
                       very
                       little
                       volatile
                       Earth
                       ,
                       Argilla
                       and
                       Sand
                       :
                       no
                       Bitumen
                       ,
                       for
                       let
                       them
                       stand
                       as
                       long
                       as
                       you
                       please
                       ,
                       you
                       shall
                       find
                       no
                       fatty
                       substance
                       swimming
                       upon
                       them
                       as
                       upon
                       the
                       Spaw
                       Waters
                       .
                       The
                       volatile
                       Sulphur
                       evaporates
                       so
                       strongly
                       that
                       it
                       carries
                       up
                       with
                       it
                       a
                       quantity
                       of
                       Nitre
                       ,
                       as
                       one
                       may
                       see
                       after
                       the
                       solution
                       of
                       the
                       Vapours
                       congeled
                       and
                       frozen
                       in
                       Winter-time
                       ,
                       when
                       it
                       remains
                       incorporated
                       upon
                       the
                       Walls
                       in
                       the
                       places
                       where
                       the
                       Iceicles
                       were
                       .
                       These
                       Waters
                       are
                       in
                       weight
                       equal
                       to
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Spaw
                       ;
                       coming
                       fresh
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Source
                       they
                       appear
                       whitish
                       or
                       bluish
                       ,
                       but
                       having
                       stood
                       a
                       while
                       and
                       grown
                       cold
                       ,
                       greenish
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       very
                       pure
                       and
                       leave
                       no
                       kind
                       of
                       Mud
                       or
                       
                         Lutum
                         thermale
                      
                       behind
                       them
                       ;
                       in
                       cooling
                       they
                       yield
                       a
                       small
                       Scum
                       or
                       Cream
                       of
                       Nitre
                       .
                       Far
                       from
                       their
                       Source
                       ,
                       being
                       wrought
                       upon
                       by
                       the
                       Air
                       ,
                       
                       they
                       let
                       fall
                       a
                       little
                       whitish
                       Sediment
                       ,
                       as
                       those
                       of
                       Bor●et
                       do
                       a
                       blackish
                       one
                       .
                       They
                       preserve
                       the
                       colour
                       of
                       Roses
                       put
                       into
                       them
                       and
                       cause
                       them
                       not
                       to
                       wither
                       ,
                       as
                       doth
                       common
                       Water
                       .
                       The
                       Vapours
                       ascending
                       from
                       them
                       make
                       Silver
                       Plate
                       black
                       ,
                       as
                       those
                       of
                       Boreet
                       make
                       it
                       white
                       .
                       The
                       other
                       Source
                       of
                       S.
                       
                       Quirin's
                       Bath
                       differs
                       from
                       these
                       in
                       no
                       other
                       respect
                       ,
                       save
                       that
                       the
                       Water
                       thereof
                       is
                       cooler
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       reserved
                       in
                       three
                       Basins
                       .
                       In
                       this
                       Well
                       you
                       find
                       neither
                       Sulphur
                       nor
                       Salt-peter
                       sticking
                       to
                       the
                       sides
                       ,
                       probably
                       because
                       it
                       is
                       open
                       or
                       uncovered
                       .
                    
                     
                       II.
                       The
                       second
                       or
                       Sulphureo-nitrous
                       sort
                       of
                       
                         Compus
                         ,
                         &c.
                      
                       though
                       they
                       spring
                       up
                       in
                       several
                       places
                       and
                       have
                       different
                       Wells
                       ,
                       yet
                       is
                       the
                       Nature
                       of
                       them
                       all
                       ,
                       their
                       Composition
                       and
                       Mineral
                       Ingredients
                       the
                       same
                       .
                       The
                       
                         Poor
                         mens
                      
                       Bath
                       hath
                       one
                       great
                       Basin
                       or
                       Receptacle
                       ,
                       the
                       Rose
                       Bath
                       four
                       ,
                       whereof
                       two
                       only
                       are
                       used
                       ,
                       and
                       S.
                       
                       Cornelius's
                       Bath
                       of
                       this
                       Mine
                       two
                       .
                       These
                       Waters
                       are
                       fit
                       for
                       use
                       at
                       all
                       seasons
                       ,
                       being
                       of
                       a
                       temperate
                       Heat
                       ,
                       more
                       efficacious
                       and
                       of
                       greater
                       force
                       in
                       their
                       Operations
                       than
                       the
                       first
                       sort
                       ;
                       they
                       weigh
                       two
                       
                         per
                         Cent.
                      
                       more
                       than
                       they
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       of
                       a
                       stronger
                       Sent.
                       In
                       these
                       is
                       never
                       found
                       any
                       Sulphur
                       condensed
                       ,
                       no
                       not
                       in
                       their
                       Wells
                       though
                       they
                       be
                       covered
                       :
                       but
                       when
                       they
                       are
                       emptied
                       and
                       new
                       Water
                       let
                       in
                       (
                       as
                       in
                       the
                       
                       Rose-Bath
                       )
                       the
                       Water
                       running
                       down
                       along
                       the
                       Walls
                       and
                       Seats
                       into
                       the
                       bottom
                       of
                       the
                       Basins
                       or
                       Conservatories
                       ,
                       the
                       external
                       Air
                       prevailing
                       upon
                       it
                       so
                       spread
                       and
                       in
                       such
                       little
                       quantity
                       arrests
                       ,
                       fixes
                       and
                       condenses
                       its
                       Sulphur
                       all
                       along
                       the
                       said
                       Walls
                       and
                       Seats
                       ,
                       refreshing
                       the
                       eyes
                       of
                       the
                       Spectators
                       with
                       its
                       Beauty
                       and
                       Lustre
                       .
                       But
                       the
                       Water
                       arising
                       in
                       the
                       fore-mentioned
                       Basins
                       ,
                       and
                       covering
                       the
                       Seats
                       and
                       Walls
                       ,
                       the
                       Sulphur
                       again
                       unites
                       and
                       incorporates
                       with
                       its
                       Dissolvent
                       ,
                       and
                       disappears
                       and
                       hides
                       itself
                       therein
                       .
                       The
                       Water
                       of
                       these
                       Sources
                       conteins
                       great
                       quantity
                       of
                       Sulphur
                       very
                       fine
                       and
                       sweet
                       ,
                       less
                       nitrous
                       Salt
                       ,
                       a
                       little
                       Vitriol
                       
                       and
                       less
                       Alum
                       ,
                       more
                       of
                       the
                       other
                       Minerals
                       and
                       Metals
                       than
                       the
                       first
                       sort
                       or
                       those
                       of
                       Borcet
                       .
                       So
                       that
                       they
                       are
                       more
                       compounded
                       ,
                       oleous
                       and
                       bituminous
                       than
                       any
                       of
                       the
                       other
                       Sources
                       ;
                       and
                       though
                       they
                       come
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       very
                       temperate
                       as
                       to
                       actual
                       Heat
                       ,
                       yet
                       can
                       sick
                       persons
                       hardly
                       endure
                       them
                       for
                       any
                       long
                       time
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       most
                       part
                       scarce
                       half
                       an
                       hour
                       .
                    
                     
                       III.
                       The
                       third
                       sort
                       which
                       I
                       call
                       Sulphureo-nitro-vitriolic
                       ,
                       and
                       is
                       also
                       of
                       S.
                       Cornclius
                       ,
                       differs
                       from
                       the
                       precedent
                       in
                       that
                       the
                       Tast
                       is
                       a
                       little
                       more
                       acid
                       ,
                       the
                       Smell
                       sweeter
                       and
                       liker
                       that
                       of
                       Spirit
                       of
                       Vitriol
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Touch
                       less
                       oily
                       .
                       It
                       is
                       of
                       less
                       Efficacy
                       in
                       use
                       than
                       the
                       second
                       sort
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       more
                       than
                       the
                       first
                       .
                       Of
                       this
                       Source
                       there
                       are
                       three
                       Basins
                       ,
                       which
                       with
                       the
                       two
                       others
                       of
                       S.
                       Cornelius
                       before-mentioned
                       make
                       five
                       in
                       this
                       House
                       .
                       These
                       Waters
                       do
                       agree
                       much
                       what
                       in
                       their
                       Composition
                       with
                       the
                       precedent
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       very
                       pure
                       and
                       clear
                       ,
                       especially
                       in
                       their
                       Wells
                       ;
                       and
                       though
                       they
                       seem
                       troubled
                       in
                       their
                       Basins
                       ,
                       yet
                       taken
                       in
                       a
                       Glass
                       they
                       appear
                       clear
                       .
                    
                     
                       IV.
                       The
                       fourth
                       or
                       Salso-alumino-nitrous
                       kind
                       are
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       Neighbourhood
                       or
                       Borcet
                       .
                       
                       These
                       come
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Earth
                       extreme
                       hot
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       great
                       abundance
                       ,
                       are
                       all
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       Medicinal
                       Quality
                       ,
                       have
                       several
                       Wells
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       reserved
                       in
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       Houses
                       ,
                       each
                       whereof
                       hath
                       two
                       Basins
                       or
                       Receptacles
                       ,
                       besides
                       which
                       there
                       is
                       a
                       common
                       Bath
                       exposed
                       to
                       the
                       Air
                       ,
                       for
                       the
                       use
                       of
                       poor
                       people
                       .
                       These
                       Waters
                       cast
                       off
                       a
                       copious
                       Excrement
                       or
                       Tartar
                       ,
                       which
                       yet
                       is
                       not
                       Stone
                       ,
                       but
                       only
                       a
                       Sand
                       mingled
                       with
                       and
                       united
                       to
                       the
                       nitrous
                       and
                       aluminous
                       Salt
                       of
                       the
                       Water
                       ,
                       coagulated
                       by
                       the
                       beating
                       of
                       the
                       cold
                       Air
                       on
                       its
                       Superficies
                       ,
                       to
                       which
                       also
                       concurs
                       the
                       cold
                       of
                       the
                       Walls
                       exposed
                       to
                       the
                       same
                       Air.
                       These
                       Excrescencies
                       are
                       found
                       in
                       the
                       subterrancous
                       Conduits
                       ,
                       not
                       only
                       of
                       these
                       but
                       the
                       other
                       Baths
                       in
                       
                       the
                       City
                       ;
                       being
                       held
                       to
                       the
                       Fire
                       they
                       soon
                       become
                       friable
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       nothing
                       but
                       a
                       pure
                       round
                       Sand
                       like
                       the
                       common
                       .
                       The
                       higher
                       Houses
                       and
                       Basins
                       have
                       the
                       more
                       of
                       this
                       Tartar
                       ,
                       yet
                       is
                       it
                       so
                       little
                       that
                       it
                       is
                       not
                       to
                       be
                       seen
                       or
                       perceived
                       in
                       the
                       Water
                       .
                       These
                       Waters
                       are
                       of
                       a
                       different
                       Species
                       ,
                       Virtue
                       and
                       Operation
                       from
                       those
                       of
                       the
                       City
                       ;
                       are
                       very
                       easie
                       to
                       suffer
                       ,
                       and
                       serve
                       often
                       for
                       Divertisement
                       and
                       Recreation
                       to
                       persons
                       that
                       are
                       in
                       health
                       .
                       The
                       content
                       of
                       them
                       is
                       a
                       great
                       quantity
                       of
                       Sea-Salt
                       and
                       Alum
                       ,
                       less
                       nitrous
                       Salt
                       ,
                       a
                       very
                       little
                       Sulphur
                       and
                       not
                       much
                       of
                       Metallic
                       Substances
                       .
                    
                     
                       Concerning
                       the
                       Virtues
                       and
                       Effects
                       of
                       these
                       Waters
                       inwardly
                       taken
                       ,
                       he
                       discourses
                       to
                       this
                       purpose
                       :
                    
                     
                       These
                       Waters
                       taken
                       inwardly
                       are
                       very
                       available
                       against
                       the
                       Phthisic
                       ,
                       Asthma
                       or
                       Difficulty
                       of
                       Breathing
                       occasioned
                       by
                       tough
                       Phlegm
                       lodging
                       in
                       the
                       branches
                       of
                       the
                       Wind-Pipe
                       ;
                       against
                       the
                       Weakness
                       of
                       the
                       Stomach
                       ,
                       Indigestion
                       ,
                       Crudities
                       ,
                       Flatulencies
                       ,
                       Vomitings
                       ,
                       Hiccoughs
                       and
                       inveterate
                       Colics
                       .
                       They
                       dissipate
                       and
                       dry
                       up
                       all
                       manner
                       of
                       Catarrhs
                       and
                       serous
                       De●luxions
                       ;
                       and
                       are
                       very
                       proper
                       to
                       be
                       drunk
                       by
                       those
                       that
                       are
                       troubled
                       with
                       the
                       Palsie
                       ,
                       before
                       the
                       use
                       of
                       the
                       Baths
                       .
                       They
                       quicken
                       the
                       Appetite
                       ,
                       cleanse
                       the
                       Blood
                       and
                       open
                       the
                       obstructions
                       of
                       the
                       Mesentery
                       .
                       They
                       are
                       of
                       excellent
                       use
                       against
                       Hypochondriacal
                       Maladies
                       ,
                       especially
                       in
                       such
                       as
                       have
                       weak
                       and
                       cold
                       Stomachs
                       .
                       They
                       mollifie
                       the
                       hardness
                       of
                       the
                       Liver
                       ,
                       Spleen
                       and
                       Mesentery
                       .
                       They
                       dissolve
                       and
                       bring
                       away
                       the
                       Gravel
                       of
                       the
                       Reins
                       and
                       the
                       lesser
                       Stones
                       :
                       And
                       here
                       he
                       produces
                       many
                       Examples
                       of
                       such
                       as
                       avoided
                       Stones
                       upon
                       the
                       drinking
                       these
                       Waters
                       ,
                       and
                       among
                       the
                       rest
                       of
                       some
                       that
                       had
                       drank
                       the
                       Spaw
                       Waters
                       ,
                       and
                       came
                       from
                       thence
                       without
                       reciving
                       any
                       Benefit
                       .
                       They
                       cleanse
                       the
                       Ulcers
                       of
                       the
                       Bladder
                       ,
                       dissolving
                       not
                       only
                       the
                       gross
                       ,
                       phlegmatic
                       and
                       viscous
                       Humours
                       which
                       coagulate
                       
                       the
                       Stone
                       ,
                       but
                       even
                       the
                       Stone
                       itself
                       whilst
                       it
                       is
                       yet
                       tender
                       .
                       They
                       have
                       sometimes
                       cured
                       intermittent
                       Fevers
                       of
                       long
                       continuance
                       ,
                       and
                       scrophulous
                       Tumors
                       .
                       They
                       dry
                       up
                       and
                       heal
                       the
                       Itch
                       ,
                       Leprosie
                       and
                       other
                       Affections
                       of
                       the
                       Skin
                       .
                       They
                       stop
                       the
                       immoderate
                       Flowing
                       of
                       the
                       Menses
                       in
                       Women
                       and
                       cure
                       the
                       Jaundise
                       ,
                       the
                       Paleness
                       and
                       Discolouring
                       of
                       the
                       Skin
                       in
                       Virgins
                       :
                       and
                       finally
                       they
                       give
                       ease
                       and
                       relief
                       in
                       the
                       Gout
                       .
                       Of
                       all
                       these
                       Faculties
                       he
                       brings
                       Instances
                       and
                       Examples
                       in
                       Persons
                       that
                       have
                       been
                       cured
                       .
                       Particularly
                       that
                       these
                       Waters
                       drunk
                       may
                       have
                       a
                       power
                       of
                       dissolving
                       the
                       Stone
                       ,
                       he
                       proves
                       by
                       this
                       Experiment
                       :
                       Taking
                       a
                       Stone
                       voided
                       by
                       a
                       man
                       about
                       two
                       years
                       before
                       ,
                       and
                       infusing
                       it
                       in
                       Water
                       hot
                       from
                       the
                       Fountain
                       for
                       the
                       space
                       of
                       three
                       days
                       ,
                       we
                       found
                       it
                       (
                       saith
                       he
                       )
                       mollified
                       and
                       reduced
                       into
                       a
                       soft
                       Phlegm
                       .
                       Which
                       Virtue
                       of
                       the
                       Waters
                       was
                       further
                       confirmed
                       to
                       us
                       by
                       a
                       late
                       Accident
                       :
                       for
                       opening
                       the
                       Vault
                       of
                       a
                       Well
                       there
                       was
                       found
                       a
                       certain
                       Glue
                       or
                       Mucilage
                       ,
                       which
                       it
                       's
                       to
                       me
                       probable
                       ,
                       came
                       from
                       the
                       solution
                       of
                       the
                       Morter
                       of
                       Lime
                       and
                       Sand
                       in
                       long
                       time
                       ,
                       by
                       the
                       volatile
                       and
                       dissolvent
                       Spirits
                       of
                       the
                       Waters
                       ;
                       especially
                       there
                       being
                       found
                       no
                       other
                       Cement
                       between
                       the
                       Stones
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       that
                       this
                       same
                       Glue
                       or
                       Mucilage
                       mingled
                       itself
                       intirely
                       with
                       the
                       Waters
                       of
                       the
                       Fountains
                       without
                       any
                       appearance
                       of
                       Scum
                       or
                       Fat
                       swimming
                       on
                       the
                       top
                       ,
                       so
                       as
                       Gum
                       of
                       Cherry
                       or
                       the
                       like
                       is
                       wont
                       to
                       do
                       in
                       Water
                       ,
                       and
                       being
                       cast
                       into
                       the
                       Fire
                       burnt
                       not
                       ,
                       but
                       dried
                       up
                       .
                       These
                       Experiments
                       and
                       Observations
                       were
                       made
                       upon
                       occasion
                       of
                       a
                       Burgomaster
                       of
                       Riga
                       (
                       who
                       being
                       afflicted
                       with
                       the
                       Stone
                       drank
                       these
                       Waters
                       )
                       his
                       passing
                       his
                       Urine
                       through
                       a
                       Linen
                       Cloth
                       ,
                       and
                       finding
                       therein
                       a
                       certain
                       thick
                       Phlegm
                       left
                       behind
                       ,
                       which
                       being
                       kept
                       a
                       while
                       upon
                       Paper
                       hardned
                       into
                       a
                       stony
                       Substance
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               From
               Aken
               ,
               
               June
               29.
               we
               travelled
               through
               a
               small
               walled
               place
               called
               Altenhoven
               to
               Gulick
               ,
               five
               hours
               distant
               .
               This
               is
               an
               elegant
               little
               Town
               ,
               built
               of
               Brick
               ,
               though
               the
               Houses
               be
               but
               low
               ,
               having
               streight
               Streets
               and
               a
               square
               Piazza
               .
               It
               is
               well
               fortified
               with
               a
               strong
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               ,
               but
               most
               considerable
               for
               its
               Citadel
               ,
               which
               for
               Greatness
               ,
               Strength
               and
               Beauty
               gives
               place
               to
               few
               that
               we
               have
               seen
               .
               Within
               it
               is
               a
               stately
               Palace
               of
               the
               Princes
               ,
               who
               for
               the
               Defence
               and
               Security
               of
               this
               City
               maintains
               here
               a
               Garrison
               of
               1000
               Soldiers
               .
               About
               ten
               or
               twelve
               years
               since
               this
               Place
               was
               possessed
               by
               the
               Spaniards
               .
               When
               the
               Peace
               was
               concluded
               between
               them
               and
               the
               Hollanders
               ,
               it
               was
               agreed
               ,
               that
               the
               Duke
               of
               Newbergh
               should
               have
               Gulick
               and
               Berg
               ;
               and
               the
               Marquess
               of
               
                 Brandenburgh
                 Mark
              
               and
               Cleve
               .
               The
               main
               Trade
               and
               Employment
               of
               this
               Town
               is
               making
               of
               Malt.
               
            
             
               June
               30.
               we
               proceeded
               on
               to
               Collen
               some
               seven
               hours
               distant
               from
               Gulick
               ,
               by
               the
               way
               passing
               through
               a
               little
               walled
               Place
               called
               Berchem
               .
               
               A
               great
               part
               of
               this
               days
               Journey
               was
               through
               pleasant
               Woods
               .
               We
               observed
               by
               the
               way-side
               and
               in
               the
               Woods
               and
               Hedges
               as
               we
               went
               
                 Mezereon
                 Germanicum
                 ,
                 Mollugo
                 montana
                 latifolia
                 ramosa
                 ,
                 Pulmonaria
                 maculosa
                 ,
                 Galeopsis
                 sive
                 Vrtica
                 iners
                 flore
                 purpurascente
                 majore
                 ,
                 folio
                 non
                 maculato
                 ,
              
               and
               among
               the
               Corn
               ,
               Vaccaria
               Ger.
               
            
             
               Collen
               ,
               
               though
               it
               gives
               Title
               to
               an
               Archbishop
               who
               is
               one
               of
               the
               Electors
               ,
               is
               a
               free
               City
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               the
               greatest
               in
               Germany
               .
               The
               middle
               part
               of
               it
               is
               well
               built
               of
               Stone
               ,
               wherein
               are
               two
               fair
               and
               large
               Piazza's
               ,
               the
               Skirts
               meaner
               and
               of
               Wood.
               The
               Walls
               of
               the
               City
               are
               of
               Stone
               ,
               very
               tall
               ,
               but
               not
               proportionably
               thick
               ,
               and
               covered
               with
               a
               Tectum
               .
               Round
               the
               Walls
               without
               is
               a
               pleasant
               Walk
               of
               Trees
               ,
               two
               deep
               Trenches
               ,
               and
               at
               convenient
               Intervals
               strong
               Bulwarks
               .
               Within
               the
               
               Wall
               are
               enclosed
               300
               Acres
               of
               void
               ground
               (
               not
               built
               upon
               I
               mean
               )
               planted
               with
               Vines
               ;
               of
               the
               Grapes
               whereof
               we
               were
               told
               many
               hundred
               Tuns
               of
               Wine
               are
               yearly
               made
               .
               In
               the
               Domo
               or
               Church
               of
               S.
               Peter
               are
               preserved
               in
               a
               golden
               Chest
               the
               Bodies
               (
               as
               they
               would
               have
               us
               believe
               )
               of
               the
               three
               Wise
               men
               of
               the
               East
               that
               came
               to
               worship
               our
               Saviour
               ,
               commonly
               called
               the
               three
               Kings
               of
               
                 Collen
                 ;
                 Melchior
                 ,
                 Gaspar
              
               and
               Balthasar
               .
               To
               this
               Church
               belong
               54
               Canons
               Nobles
               ,
               and
               8
               Canons
               Presbyters
               .
               By
               these
               62
               with
               the
               Dean
               of
               the
               Cathedral
               ,
               who
               hath
               two
               Votes
               in
               the
               Election
               ,
               and
               the
               two
               Consuls
               regent
               of
               the
               City
               who
               have
               four
               ,
               is
               the
               Archbishop
               chosen
               ,
               who
               is
               not
               allowed
               to
               continue
               in
               the
               City
               at
               any
               time
               for
               above
               three
               days
               together
               .
               The
               Government
               of
               the
               City
               is
               by
               six
               Consuls
               or
               Burgomasters
               ,
               who
               continue
               in
               Office
               during
               life
               ,
               yet
               but
               two
               only
               in
               power
               yearly
               ;
               seven
               Scabins
               and
               150
               Senators
               .
               When
               a
               Burgomaster
               dies
               ,
               the
               Senate
               chuses
               another
               into
               his
               Place
               .
               The
               Senators
               are
               chosen
               by
               the
               several
               Companies
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               continue
               during
               life
               ;
               only
               fifty
               are
               in
               power
               yearly
               ;
               so
               the
               Power
               revolves
               to
               the
               same
               every
               third
               year
               .
               The
               Scabins
               are
               put
               in
               by
               the
               Prince
               ,
               and
               continue
               during
               life
               .
               The
               main
               body
               of
               the
               Citizens
               is
               of
               the
               Roman
               Religion
               ;
               yet
               are
               there
               a
               good
               number
               both
               of
               Lutherans
               and
               Reformed
               or
               Calvinists
               .
               The
               Lutherans
               are
               allowed
               a
               Church
               within
               the
               Walls
               ;
               the
               Reformed
               are
               forced
               to
               go
               cross
               the
               Water
               a
               mile
               out
               of
               town
               to
               Church
               .
               In
               one
               of
               the
               Churches
               of
               this
               Town
               are
               preserved
               the
               Bones
               of
               those
               11000
               Virgins
               which
               accompanied
               S.
               Vrsula
               to
               Rome
               ,
               and
               in
               their
               return
               here
               suffered
               Martyrdom
               .
            
             
               From
               Collen
               we
               went
               up
               the
               Rhene
               in
               a
               Boat
               drawn
               by
               Men
               ,
               which
               brought
               us
               the
               first
               day
               to
               a
               small
               Village
               called
               Vidich
               .
               By
               the
               way
               we
               found
               growing
               among
               the
               Corn
               in
               great
               plenty
               ,
               
                 Delphinium
                 suaplici
                 flore
                 purpuro-caeruleo
                 vulgare
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Nigella
                 
                 ●rvensis
              
               :
               in
               some
               barren
               Grounds
               near
               the
               River
               '
               
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 Germanica
                 latiore
                 folio
              
               J.
               B.
               Next
               morning
               we
               passed
               Bonna
               ,
               a
               pretty
               walled
               Town
               with
               a
               handsom
               Piazza
               .
               Here
               the
               Elector
               of
               Collen
               hath
               his
               Palace
               and
               usual
               Residence
               .
               This
               night
               we
               lodged
               at
               a
               pitiful
               poor
               walled
               Town
               called
               Brisaca
               ,
               where
               we
               first
               began
               to
               have
               Feather-Beds
               laid
               upon
               us
               instead
               of
               Blankets
               and
               Coverlets
               .
            
             
               July
               6.
               
               we
               passed
               by
               Rineck
               Castle
               on
               our
               right
               hand
               ,
               and
               about
               a
               mile
               from
               Brisaca
               came
               to
               Andernach
               a
               walled
               Town
               of
               some
               note
               ,
               subject
               to
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Collen
               .
               Over
               against
               this
               Town
               is
               Hammerstein
               Castle
               belonging
               to
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Triers
               .
               Then
               we
               passed
               by
               two
               Castles
               of
               the
               Earl
               of
               Weets
               ,
               one
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               on
               a
               high
               Rock
               ,
               well
               built
               ,
               with
               a
               Cloister
               in
               it
               .
            
             
               Two
               leagues
               from
               Andernach
               we
               passed
               by
               Engers
               ,
               and
               this
               night
               lodged
               at
               Coblentz
               ,
               
               a
               considerable
               City
               belonging
               to
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Triers
               ,
               called
               in
               Latin
               Confluentes
               ,
               because
               situate
               at
               the
               Confluence
               of
               the
               Rivers
               Moselle
               and
               Rhene
               .
               Here
               is
               a
               fair
               Stone-Bridge
               of
               13
               Arches
               over
               the
               Moselle
               ,
               which
               notwithstanding
               its
               diminutive
               Name
               ,
               is
               no
               small
               River
               .
               Here
               is
               also
               a
               Bridge
               of
               Boats
               over
               the
               Rhene
               to
               a
               strong
               Castle
               called
               Hermanstein
               ,
               situate
               on
               a
               high
               Rock
               ;
               under
               which
               near
               the
               River
               is
               a
               beautiful
               Palace
               of
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Triers
               ,
               whose
               Name
               is
               
                 Carolus
                 Caspar
              
               .
               Not
               far
               hence
               is
               Helfenstein
               Castle
               ,
               near
               which
               springs
               an
               acid
               Water
               .
               Another
               Well
               of
               this
               nature
               there
               is
               at
               Antonistein
               ,
               three
               or
               four
               hours
               distant
               from
               Andernach
               ,
               belonging
               to
               a
               Cloister
               of
               Carmelites
               ,
               who
               sell
               the
               Water
               sealed
               up
               in
               Bottles
               ;
               A
               third
               of
               greatest
               note
               at
               Zwolbach
               ,
               four
               miles
               off
               Frankfurt
               .
               All
               these
               Waters
               are
               sold
               to
               the
               Towns
               and
               Countrey
               about
               ,
               and
               commonly
               drunk
               mixt
               with
               Wine
               ,
               to
               which
               they
               give
               a
               pleasant
               tast
               and
               purging
               quality
               .
               I
               cannot
               say
               ,
               as
               Blondel
               affirms
               of
               them
               ,
               that
               upon
               
               mixture
               with
               Wine
               I
               saw
               them
               smoke
               ,
               or
               found
               them
               actually
               hot
               :
               Indeed
               I
               was
               not
               careful
               to
               observe
               these
               particulars
               .
            
             
               July
               7.
               we
               passed
               by
               Lodesheim
               Town
               and
               Castle
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               ,
               and
               Capelle
               ,
               a
               Castle
               of
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Triers
               on
               the
               right
               ,
               then
               a
               large
               Island
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Rhene
               ;
               next
               Rens
               a
               small
               walled
               place
               belonging
               to
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Collen
               ,
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               and
               a
               little
               further
               Browbach
               and
               a
               Castle
               above
               it
               :
               
               About
               four
               hours
               from
               
                 Coblentz
                 ,
                 Boppaert
              
               a
               walled
               Town
               of
               some
               note
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               ,
               and
               not
               far
               thence
               a
               Castle
               called
               Bornholm
               on
               the
               left
               .
               We
               rested
               this
               night
               at
               a
               Village
               called
               Hertznach
            
             
               July
               8.
               in
               the
               morning
               we
               came
               to
               a
               pretty
               pleasant
               wall'd
               Town
               called
               S.
               Gower
               ,
               
               a
               mile
               distant
               from
               Hertznach
               ,
               under
               the
               Lantgrave
               of
               Hessen
               ,
               who
               lives
               in
               a
               fair
               Castle
               ,
               built
               on
               a
               Rock
               above
               the
               Town
               .
               On
               one
               of
               the
               Towers
               of
               the
               Wall
               by
               the
               Rivers
               side
               is
               fastned
               a
               brass
               Ring
               ,
               given
               by
               the
               Emperor
               Charles
               V.
               which
               is
               put
               upon
               Strangers
               Necks
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               are
               obliged
               to
               drink
               Wine
               ,
               else
               they
               are
               sprinkled
               with
               Water
               .
               The
               Magistrates
               and
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               Town
               are
               of
               the
               Reformed
               Religion
               ,
               yet
               have
               both
               Lutherans
               and
               Papists
               their
               Churches
               .
               Just
               without
               the
               Walls
               over
               against
               S.
               Gower
               is
               a
               Town
               and
               Castle
               called
               Wellnich
               .
               Somewhat
               further
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               is
               Wesel
               Town
               and
               Castle
               of
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Triers
               ,
               
               and
               higher
               up
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               Cub
               ,
               a
               considerable
               walled
               Town
               with
               a
               Castle
               upon
               a
               Rock
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               Prince
               Elector
               Palatine
               .
               Here
               we
               observed
               a
               Flote
               of
               Timber
               going
               down
               the
               River
               ,
               which
               was
               directed
               by
               many
               men
               who
               moved
               two
               long
               Oars
               at
               each
               end
               thereof
               ,
               which
               served
               in
               stead
               of
               Rudders
               .
               In
               the
               Rocks
               hereabout
               is
               Slate
               gotten
               .
               
               Next
               we
               came
               to
               Baccharach
               a
               wall'd
               Town
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               ,
               having
               
               many
               Towers
               ,
               subject
               to
               the
               Prince
               Elector
               Palatine
               ,
               famous
               for
               the
               goodness
               of
               its
               Wine
               ,
               as
               is
               also
               Rhincow
               ,
               a
               Town
               not
               far
               from
               Mentz
               .
               At
               this
               and
               many
               other
               Towns
               between
               Collen
               and
               Mentz
               our
               Boatmen
               payed
               Toll
               .
               A
               little
               distance
               from
               hence
               we
               had
               in
               view
               a
               small
               walled
               Town
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               right
               we
               left
               a
               pitiful
               Village
               ,
               yet
               walled
               about
               ,
               called
               Heinbach
               ,
               and
               came
               to
               a
               second
               of
               no
               better
               note
               ,
               called
               Dreckhausen
               ,
               where
               we
               lodged
               .
               Both
               these
               are
               under
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Mentz
               .
               Over
               against
               Heinbach
               is
               Lewry
               a
               small
               walled
               Town
               of
               little
               account
               .
            
             
               July
               9.
               
               we
               passed
               by
               Aspithouse
               Castle
               ,
               then
               by
               Mouse-Tower
               ,
               standing
               in
               a
               little
               Island
               ,
               famous
               for
               the
               Story
               of
               the
               Bishop
               devoured
               by
               Mice
               and
               Rats
               .
               Over
               against
               this
               Tower
               stands
               a
               Castle
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               further
               up
               the
               River
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               Bing
               ,
               
               a
               handsom
               walled
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Elector
               of
               Mentz
               :
               At
               some
               distance
               hence
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               Rodes
               ,
               then
               Gison
               and
               Elveldt
               a
               wall'd
               Town
               ,
               and
               lastly
               Wallop
               ,
               where
               we
               observed
               Storks
               Nests
               upon
               the
               Chimnies
               .
               This
               night
               we
               arrived
               at
               Mentz
               .
            
             
               From
               Collen
               to
               Widdich
               the
               River
               is
               of
               a
               great
               breadth
               ,
               but
               above
               that
               till
               you
               come
               to
               Mouse-Tower
               ,
               much
               narrower
               ,
               being
               streightned
               by
               high
               Hills
               and
               Rocks
               on
               each
               side
               ,
               The
               sides
               of
               these
               Hills
               are
               in
               some
               places
               covered
               with
               Wood
               ,
               in
               some
               planted
               with
               Vines
               ,
               and
               below
               the
               Vine-yards
               near
               the
               River
               are
               large
               Orchards
               of
               Fruit-Trees
               .
               The
               Vines
               are
               tied
               to
               Stakes
               or
               Poles
               of
               about
               a
               mans
               highth
               ,
               so
               that
               were
               not
               the
               Poles
               much
               shorter
               ,
               their
               Vineyards
               would
               nearly
               resemble
               our
               Hop-Gardens
               .
               All
               this
               way
               the
               River
               flows
               with
               so
               swift
               a
               Current
               ,
               that
               I
               conceive
               it
               impossible
               to
               get
               up
               Stream
               with
               Oars
               and
               Sails
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Journey
               in
               the
               Corn-Fields
               ,
               Meadows
               ,
               Rocks
               ,
               Woods
               and
               Sands
               by
               the
               Rivers
               side
               ,
               &c.
               
               (
               which
               the
               slowness
               of
               our
               Boats
               progress
               gave
               us
               leisure
               to
               search
               )
               we
               observed
               many
               Plants
               which
               we
               had
               not
               elsewhere
               or
               but
               rarely
               before
               found
               growing
               wild
               ,
               
               
                 viz.
                 Gentiana
                 cruciata
                 ,
                 Chamaedrys
                 spuria
                 angustifolia
                 ,
                 Chondrilla
                 juncea
                 ,
                 Chamaedrys
                 laciniatis
                 foliis
                 ,
                 Lychnis
                 sylvestris
                 calyculis
                 striatis
                 ,
                 Persicaria
                 siliquosa
                 ,
                 Genistella
                 montana
                 Germanica
              
               Park
               .
               
                 Genistella
                 aculeata
                 ,
                 Buphthalmum
                 vulgare
                 ,
                 Fraxinella
                 ,
                 Cardamine
                 impatiens
                 ,
                 Iberis
                 ,
                 Millefolium
                 nobile
                 ,
                 Digitalis
                 lutea
                 magno
                 flore
                 ,
                 Eryngium
                 arvense
                 foliis
                 serrae
                 similibus
                 ,
                 Caucalis
                 albis
                 floribus
                 ,
                 Saxifraga
                 Venetorum
                 ,
                 Chondrilla
                 caerulea
                 ,
                 Tithymalus
                 magnus
                 multicaulis
                 sive
                 Esula
                 major
                 ,
                 Helleboraster
                 maximus
              
               in
               great
               plenty
               ,
               
                 Tithymalus
                 pineus
              
               and
               sundry
               others
               .
               Near
               the
               City
               of
               Mentz
               we
               found
               the
               Sea-gilly-flower
               or
               Thrift
               called
               by
               
                 C.
                 Bauhine
                 Caryophyllus
                 montanus
                 major
                 flore
                 globoso
                 ,
                 Caryophyllus
                 gramineo
                 folio
                 minimus
                 ,
                 Caryophyllus
                 arvensis
                 umbelliferus
                 ,
                 Cynoglossum
                 minus
                 ,
                 Thlaspi
                 minus
                 ,
                 aliis
                 Alysson
                 minus
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Thlaspi
                 capsulis
                 sublongis
                 incanum
                 ,
                 Heliotropium
                 majus
                 ,
                 Camphoratae
                 congener
                 ,
                 Prunella
                 flore
                 majore
                 &
                 Prunella
                 foliis
                 dissectis
                 .
              
            
             
               Mentz
               is
               a
               large
               City
               and
               well
               fortified
               :
               
               The
               Buildings
               generally
               old
               and
               but
               mean
               ,
               the
               Streets
               narrow
               and
               not
               well
               paved
               ,
               yet
               are
               there
               many
               great
               Houses
               of
               Noblemen
               scattered
               up
               and
               down
               .
               The
               Princes
               Palace
               is
               moted
               about
               .
               The
               present
               Prince
               or
               Archbishops
               Name
               is
               .
               
                 Joannes
                 Philippus
                 à
                 Schaenborn
              
               ,
               he
               was
               besides
               Bishop
               of
               Wurtzburgh
               ,
               and
               a
               few
               weeks
               since
               chosen
               also
               Bishop
               of
               Worms
               .
               The
               Canons
               of
               S.
               
               Martin's
               Church
               here
               ,
               who
               are
               in
               number
               24
               ,
               all
               Barons
               or
               Noblemen
               ,
               chuse
               the
               Archbishop
               out
               of
               their
               own
               number
               ;
               and
               when
               any
               one
               of
               themselves
               dies
               or
               is
               removed
               ,
               a
               Canon
               into
               his
               room
               out
               of
               the
               Domicillares
               .
               The
               Arms
               of
               the
               Archbishoprick
               is
               a
               Wheel
               ,
               derived
               from
               the
               first
               Archbishop
               ,
               who
               was
               a
               Wheelwrights
               Son
               ,
               his
               Name
               Willigesus
               ,
               a
               Saxon
               ;
               He
               was
               wont
               to
               say
               ,
               
               
                 Willigese
                 ,
                 Willigese
                 ,
                 recogita
                 unde
                 veneris
                 .
              
               Jews
               are
               allowed
               in
               this
               City
               .
               Here
               is
               a
               Bridge
               of
               Boats
               over
               the
               Rhene
               .
            
             
               July
               13.
               we
               took
               Boat
               for
               Frankfurt
               ,
               going
               up
               the
               River
               Maonus
               which
               near
               Mentz
               runs
               into
               the
               Rhene
               .
               By
               the
               way
               we
               took
               notice
               (
               1.
               )
               of
               Rusetheim
               ,
               a
               handsom
               Fort
               on
               our
               right
               hand
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               Lantgrave
               of
               Darmstadt
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               A
               little
               further
               up
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               a
               small
               Village
               called
               Etersheim
               ,
               
               and
               (
               3.
               )
               Hocht
               ,
               a
               walled
               Town
               on
               the
               same
               hand
               ,
               garrisoned
               by
               the
               Elector
               of
               Mentz
               .
               Here
               we
               may
               note
               ,
               that
               the
               Dominions
               of
               the
               Princes
               of
               Germany
               that
               border
               on
               the
               Rhene
               are
               strangely
               mingled
               one
               with
               another
               .
            
             
               Frankfurt
               is
               about
               five
               Miles
               or
               Leagues
               distant
               from
               Mentz
               ,
               
               though
               the
               Houses
               thereof
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               built
               of
               Timber
               ,
               yet
               is
               it
               fair
               ,
               populous
               and
               rich
               ,
               very
               strongly
               fortified
               and
               encompassed
               with
               a
               deep
               Trench
               of
               water
               ;
               the
               Walls
               and
               Bullwarks
               are
               kept
               very
               trim
               and
               in
               good
               repair
               .
               The
               River
               Main
               divides
               it
               into
               two
               parts
               ,
               the
               lesser
               on
               the
               South
               side
               is
               called
               Saxenhausen
               .
               They
               are
               joyned
               by
               a
               fair
               Stone-Bridge
               of
               about
               fourteen
               Arches
               .
               In
               the
               great
               Piazza
               are
               three
               handsom
               Fountains
               .
               The
               Emperor
               is
               now
               adays
               usually
               chosen
               here
               in
               the
               Curia
               or
               Senate-house
               ;
               and
               crowned
               in
               the
               Collegiate
               Church
               of
               S.
               Bartholomew
               .
               There
               have
               been
               about
               25
               or
               26
               Emperors
               here
               chosen
               .
               By
               the
               favour
               of
               one
               of
               the
               Consuls
               or
               Burgomasters
               we
               saw
               the
               Original
               Imperial
               Grant
               or
               Constitution
               ,
               whereby
               the
               College
               of
               Electors
               is
               appointed
               ,
               called
               
                 Bullae
                 aurea
              
               .
               It
               had
               in
               place
               of
               the
               Seal
               a
               great
               Medal
               of
               Gold
               hanging
               at
               it
               ,
               on
               which
               was
               stamped
               or
               engraven
               ,
               on
               one
               side
               the
               Figure
               of
               the
               Emperor
               Charles
               IV.
               with
               this
               Inscription
               round
               ,
               
                 Carolus
                 quartus
                 ,
                 divinâ
                 favente
                 clementiâ
                 ,
                 Romanorum
                 Imperator
                 semp
                 .
                 Aug.
              
               On
               the
               reverse
               the
               Figure
               of
               the
               City
               Rome
               ,
               and
               thereon
               written
               
                 Aurea
                 Roma
              
               ,
               and
               
               round
               about
               this
               rhythming
               Verse
               ,
               
                 Roma
                 caput
                 mundi
                 regit
                 orbis
                 fraena
                 rotundi
                 .
              
            
             
               This
               City
               is
               governed
               by
               42
               Senators
               ,
               two
               Burgomasters
               ,
               a
               Praetor
               and
               14
               Scabins
               .
               The
               Senators
               are
               divided
               into
               three
               Scamna
               or
               Benches
               :
               The
               highest
               is
               Scabinorum
               ,
               the
               second
               or
               middlemost
               Literatorum
               ,
               and
               the
               lowest
               Opificum
               .
               When
               one
               of
               the
               Scabins
               dies
               or
               is
               removed
               ,
               they
               chuse
               into
               his
               room
               one
               out
               of
               the
               
                 Scamnum
                 Literatorum
              
               .
               Those
               of
               the
               
                 Scamnum
                 Opificum
              
               can
               rise
               no
               higher
               .
               These
               Senators
               chuse
               yearly
               the
               two
               Consuls
               or
               Burgomasters
               out
               of
               their
               own
               number
               .
               The
               People
               have
               no
               part
               or
               interest
               in
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               City
               or
               choice
               of
               the
               Senate
               .
               Many
               Jews
               live
               here
               who
               have
               their
               Ghet●
               or
               particular
               Quarter
               ,
               wherein
               they
               are
               locked
               up
               every
               night
               .
               Their
               Trade
               is
               only
               Brokage
               ,
               and
               most
               of
               them
               are
               very
               poor
               .
               They
               are
               forced
               to
               wear
               a
               piece
               of
               yellow
               Cloth
               somewhere
               about
               them
               to
               distinguish
               them
               from
               other
               people
               .
            
             
               All
               the
               Magistrates
               and
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Citizens
               are
               Lutherans
               ,
               who
               have
               five
               Churches
               .
               The
               
                 Roman
                 Catbolics
              
               are
               allowed
               the
               free
               Exercise
               of
               their
               Religion
               ,
               and
               have
               within
               the
               City
               two
               Cloisters
               of
               Men
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               Women
               .
               The
               Reformed
               had
               formerly
               a
               Church
               within
               the
               Walls
               ,
               afterwards
               ,
               that
               being
               taken
               from
               them
               ,
               they
               had
               one
               just
               without
               ,
               which
               being
               burnt
               down
               ,
               whether
               by
               Accident
               or
               Malice
               ,
               their
               Church
               is
               now
               a
               good
               distance
               from
               the
               Town
               .
               The
               English
               Church
               ,
               used
               in
               Q.
               Maries
               days
               ,
               goes
               to
               decay
               .
               The
               English
               House
               is
               made
               a
               Granary
               or
               Store-house
               .
               The
               Countrey
               hereabout
               is
               pleasant
               ,
               and
               the
               Ground
               rich
               .
               We
               found
               growing
               wild
               
                 Gramen
                 amoris
                 dictum
                 &
                 Ischaemon
                 vulgare
                 ,
                 Portulaca
                 sylvestris
                 ,
              
               and
               in
               some
               Hedges
               
                 Alsine
                 baccifera
              
               ,
               which
               it
               was
               not
               my
               fortune
               in
               all
               this
               Voyage
               to
               meet
               with
               any
               where
               else
               .
            
             
             
               July
               17.
               we
               left
               Frankfurt
               ,
               taking
               the
               Post-Coach
               for
               Frankenthal
               .
               After
               one
               half-hours
               riding
               we
               entred
               into
               Pine-Woods
               ,
               the
               first
               we
               met
               withal
               :
               They
               reach'd
               almost
               to
               our
               Lodging
               ,
               this
               night
               ,
               which
               was
               at
               a
               Village
               called
               Geirsheim
               three
               German
               miles
               from
               Frankfurt
               .
            
             
               July
               18.
               
               at
               a
               little
               walled
               Town
               called
               Kernsheim
               we
               ferried
               over
               the
               Rhene
               ,
               and
               at
               six
               miles
               end
               came
               to
               Worms
               ,
               a
               great
               old
               City
               ,
               but
               meanly
               built
               and
               in
               a
               decaying
               condition
               .
               It
               seems
               formerly
               to
               have
               been
               richer
               and
               more
               populous
               .
               The
               Bishop
               is
               chosen
               by
               the
               Canons
               of
               the
               great
               Church
               being
               20
               in
               number
               .
               All
               the
               Magistrates
               are
               Lutherans
               .
               After
               we
               had
               passed
               Worms
               one
               hours
               riding
               brought
               us
               to
               Frankenthal
               or
               (
               as
               we
               usually
               pronounce
               it
               )
               Frankendale
               ,
               
               a
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Prince
               Elector
               Palatine
               ,
               situate
               in
               a
               Level
               by
               the
               Rhene
               ,
               more
               considerable
               for
               its
               Strength
               than
               Greatness
               .
               The
               Houses
               are
               low
               built
               ,
               the
               Streets
               broad
               and
               streight
               .
               The
               Wall
               ,
               Mounts
               and
               Out-works
               neatly
               kept
               in
               good
               repair
               .
               The
               Garrison
               consists
               of
               five
               Companies
               ,
               whereof
               two
               are
               Citizens
               .
               There
               are
               in
               it
               three
               Churches
               ,
               one
               Almagne
               ,
               one
               Low-Dutch
               ,
               and
               one
               French.
               
            
             
               July
               20.
               we
               travelled
               from
               Frankendale
               beside
               the
               Rhene
               ,
               through
               Oberskeim
               a
               small
               walled
               Town
               to
               Spier
               ,
               
               two
               miles
               and
               an
               half
               distant
               .
               Spier
               though
               it
               hath
               a
               Bishop
               ,
               yet
               is
               it
               a
               free
               City
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               and
               governed
               by
               its
               own
               Magistrates
               ,
               of
               considerable
               Strength
               and
               Greatness
               .
               The
               Houses
               are
               most
               old-built
               of
               Timber
               ,
               rather
               vast
               than
               handsom
               or
               convenient
               .
               We
               could
               not
               learn
               that
               there
               was
               any
               considerable
               Trade
               driven
               here
               ,
               so
               that
               were
               it
               not
               for
               the
               Imperial
               Chamber
               (
               which
               draws
               much
               Company
               hither
               )
               we
               believe
               it
               would
               soon
               grow
               poor
               and
               infrequent
               enough
               .
               The
               Romish
               Religion
               prevails
               most
               ,
               yet
               have
               the
               Lutherans
               their
               Church
               .
               In
               the
               Cathedral
               Church
               are
               the
               Monuments
               of
               several
               
               Emperors
               and
               Bishops
               who
               lie
               interred
               there
               .
               The
               Imperial
               Chamber
               consists
               of
               36
               Assessors
               and
               a
               chief
               President
               appointed
               by
               the
               Emperor
               ,
               
               besides
               whom
               there
               are
               other
               three
               Presidents
               chosen
               by
               the
               Emperor
               out
               of
               the
               Delegates
               .
               Every
               Elector
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               and
               each
               of
               the
               ten
               Circles
               send
               two
               Delegates
               or
               Assessors
               .
               There
               is
               another
               Chamber
               of
               like
               power
               at
               Vienna
               .
               These
               Courts
               determine
               all
               Controversies
               arising
               between
               the
               several
               Princes
               and
               States
               of
               the
               Empire
               by
               majority
               of
               Vote
               .
               The
               Subjects
               also
               of
               many
               of
               the
               Princes
               may
               appeal
               from
               their
               own
               Princes
               to
               this
               Court
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               not
               prudent
               nor
               safe
               for
               them
               so
               to
               do
               ,
               unless
               they
               first
               withdraw
               themselves
               out
               of
               their
               Territory
               .
               Some
               Princes
               ,
               as
               the
               Count
               Palatine
               ,
               have
               
                 Jus
                 non
                 appellandi
              
               .
            
             
               July
               21.
               we
               returned
               a
               little
               backwards
               and
               crossed
               over
               the
               Rh●ne
               to
               Manheim
               ,
               
               a
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Prince
               Elector
               Palatine
               ,
               situate
               just
               in
               the
               Angle
               made
               by
               the
               Neccar
               and
               Rhene
               meeting
               ,
               and
               strongly
               fortified
               .
               The
               Houses
               in
               the
               late
               Wars
               were
               most
               of
               them
               beaten
               down
               ,
               but
               now
               they
               are
               rebuilding
               them
               apace
               ,
               the
               Prince
               having
               given
               the
               Town
               great
               Privileges
               ,
               to
               invite
               Strangers
               to
               come
               and
               inhabit
               there
               .
               At
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               there
               ,
               his
               Highness
               was
               building
               a
               new
               Citadel
               ,
               which
               was
               like
               to
               prove
               a
               strong
               Piece
               .
               It
               wanted
               not
               much
               then
               of
               being
               finished
               .
               Who
               it
               was
               that
               first
               advanced
               this
               place
               to
               the
               dignity
               of
               a
               City
               and
               fortified
               it
               with
               Walls
               ,
               Ditches
               and
               Bulwarks
               ,
               this
               Inscription
               over
               the
               Gate
               towards
               the
               Neccar
               will
               acquaint
               the
               Reader
               .
               
                 Quod
                 felix
                 faxit
                 Jehova
                 ,
                 
                 Fredericus
                 IIII.
                 Elector
                 
                 Palatinus
                 Rheni
                 ,
                 Dux
                 Bavariae
                 ,
                 
                 E
                 veteri
                 Paga
                 Manhemio
                 
                 Ad
                 Rheni
                 Ni●rique
                 confluvium
                 
                 
                 Justa
                 spatiorum
                 dimensione
                 
                 Nobilem
                 Vrbem
                 molitus
                 ,
                 
                 Vallo
                 ,
                 fossa
                 ,
                 muro
                 clausit
                 ,
                 
                 Portam
                 bonis
                 civibus
                 aperuit
                 .
                 
                 Anno
                 Domini
                 MDCX.
                 
                 
              
            
             
               July
               22.
               
               From
               Manheim
               we
               rode
               to
               Heidelberg
               ,
               
               just
               before
               we
               entred
               the
               Town
               passing
               a
               wooden
               Bridge
               over
               the
               Neccar
               covered
               over
               with
               a
               tectum
               ,
               as
               are
               also
               many
               of
               the
               great
               Bridges
               in
               Switzerland
               ,
               to
               preserve
               the
               Timber
               ,
               as
               I
               conceive
               ,
               from
               the
               injuri●s
               of
               the
               Weather
               .
               Heidelberg
               ,
               though
               none
               of
               the
               greatest
               Cities
               ,
               yet
               is
               the
               chief
               of
               the
               Palatinate
               ,
               and
               for
               its
               bigness
               populous
               ;
               which
               is
               much
               considering
               the
               Devastations
               made
               by
               the
               late
               Wars
               in
               this
               Countrey
               .
               The
               Houses
               are
               most
               of
               Timber
               ,
               yet
               handsom
               and
               in
               good
               repair
               ;
               which
               argues
               the
               Inhabitants
               to
               be
               industrious
               and
               in
               a
               thriving
               condition
               .
               It
               is
               situate
               on
               the
               right
               bank
               of
               the
               River
               Neccar
               ,
               under
               Hills
               of
               considerable
               highth
               ;
               by
               reason
               of
               which
               it
               cannot
               be
               made
               strong
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               encompassed
               with
               a
               double
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               City
               are
               five
               Jurisdictions
               ,
               (
               1.
               )
               Aulica
               ,
               under
               which
               are
               all
               the
               Princes
               or
               Noblemen
               :
               of
               this
               Jurisdiction
               the
               Marshal
               of
               the
               House
               is
               President
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               Cancellaria
               ,
               under
               which
               are
               all
               the
               Councils
               and
               other
               Officers
               as
               Advocates
               ,
               Doctors
               of
               Law
               ,
               &c.
               
               (
               3.
               )
               Bellica
               ,
               or
               the
               Soldiery
               :
               the
               General
               is
               their
               President
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               Academica
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               
                 Rector
                 magnificus
              
               presides
               ,
               and
               (
               5.
               )
               Civica
               .
               The
               Members
               of
               each
               Jurisdiction
               may
               refuse
               to
               be
               judged
               by
               any
               but
               their
               own
               Judge
               ,
               before
               whom
               the
               Plaintiff
               must
               implead
               them
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Maxim
               in
               Law
               ,
               
                 Actor
                 sequitur
                 forum
                 rei
              
               .
               The
               City
               is
               divided
               into
               four
               Quarters
               ,
               and
               governed
               by
               Praetor
               and
               Burgomasters
               .
               It
               can
               raise
               two
               Companies
               of
               Foot
               and
               one
               of
               Horse
               .
               The
               Lutherans
               are
               
               permitted
               the
               Exercise
               of
               their
               Religion
               here
               ,
               and
               have
               lately
               built
               them
               a
               Church
               :
               There
               are
               also
               
                 Roman
                 Catholics
              
               who
               have
               a
               Church
               without
               the
               Walls
               .
            
             
               About
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               ascent
               of
               the
               Hill
               called
               Koningsthall
               stands
               the
               Castle
               where
               the
               Prince
               keeps
               his
               Court
               ,
               a
               stately
               Pile
               and
               of
               great
               capacity
               ,
               encompassed
               with
               a
               strong
               Wall
               and
               a
               deep
               Trench
               hewn
               out
               of
               the
               Rock
               ,
               which
               upon
               occasion
               may
               be
               filled
               with
               Water
               .
               Over
               the
               Gate
               leading
               into
               the
               Palace
               is
               a
               Dutch
               Inscription
               ,
               signifying
               the
               building
               of
               it
               by
               Ludovicus
               V.
               in
               the
               year
               1519.
               
               It
               is
               not
               all
               of
               one
               Piece
               ,
               but
               since
               the
               first
               Foundation
               several
               Buildings
               have
               been
               added
               by
               several
               Princes
               .
               One
               part
               is
               called
               the
               
                 English
                 Building
              
               .
            
             
               Under
               one
               of
               the
               Towers
               stood
               the
               great
               Tun
               ,
               which
               almost
               filled
               a
               Room
               .
               It
               held
               132
               Fudders
               ,
               a
               Fudder
               (
               as
               we
               were
               informed
               )
               being
               equal
               to
               4
               English
               Hogsheads
               .
               The
               old
               Tun
               is
               taken
               in
               pieces
               ,
               and
               there
               is
               a
               new
               one
               in
               building
               by
               the
               Princes
               Order
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               contain
               150
               Fudders
               or
               600
               Hogsheads
               .
               Being
               invited
               by
               the
               Princes
               order
               we
               dined
               in
               the
               Palace
               ,
               where
               we
               observed
               all
               things
               carried
               with
               little
               noise
               and
               great
               decency
               .
               After
               dinner
               his
               Highness
               was
               pleased
               to
               call
               us
               into
               his
               Closet
               ,
               and
               shew
               us
               many
               Curiosities
               ,
               among
               others
               (
               1.
               )
               a
               Purse
               made
               of
               
                 Alumen
                 plumosum
              
               ,
               which
               we
               saw
               put
               into
               a
               Pan
               of
               burning
               Charcoal
               till
               it
               was
               throughly
               ignite
               ,
               and
               yet
               when
               taken
               out
               and
               cool
               ,
               we
               could
               not
               perceive
               that
               it
               had
               received
               any
               harm
               at
               all
               from
               the
               Fire
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               Two
               Unicorns
               horns
               each
               eight
               or
               ten
               foot
               long
               ,
               wreathed
               and
               hollow
               to
               the
               top
               .
               By
               the
               way
               we
               may
               note
               ,
               that
               these
               are
               the
               Horns
               of
               a
               Fish
               of
               the
               cetaceous
               kind
               ,
               (
               two
               distinct
               species
               whereof
               you
               may
               find
               described
               and
               figured
               in
               the
               History
               and
               Description
               of
               the
               Antilles
               or
               Caribee
               Islands
               written
               in
               French
               by
               
                 R.
                 F.
              
               of
               Tertre
               ,
               and
               the
               Head
               of
               one
               in
               Wormius
               his
               
               Musaeum
               )
               not
               the
               Horns
               of
               a
               Quadruped
               as
               is
               vulgarly
               but
               erroneously
               thought
               .
               Whatever
               the
               Antients
               have
               delivered
               ,
               modern
               Voiages
               and
               Enquiries
               have
               discovered
               no
               other
               terrestrial
               Unicorn
               besides
               the
               Rhinocerot
               ,
               which
               ,
               it
               s
               most
               likely
               ,
               is
               signified
               by
               the
               word
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               used
               in
               Scripture
               ,
               which
               the
               Septuagint
               render
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               The
               Imperial
               Crown
               and
               Globe
               of
               
                 Rupertus
                 Imp.
              
               who
               was
               of
               this
               Family
               ,
               richly
               adorned
               with
               pretious
               Stones
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               An
               excellent
               and
               well-digested
               Collection
               of
               antient
               and
               modern
               Coins
               and
               Medals
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               Prince
               himself
               is
               very
               knowing
               .
               Among
               the
               rest
               we
               could
               not
               but
               take
               notice
               of
               a
               Swedish
               Doller
               of
               Copper
               ,
               about
               the
               bigness
               and
               of
               the
               figure
               of
               a
               square
               Trencher
               ,
               stamped
               at
               the
               four
               Corners
               with
               the
               Kings
               Image
               and
               Arms
               ,
               of
               that
               weight
               ,
               that
               if
               a
               man
               be
               to
               receive
               ten
               or
               twenty
               pound
               in
               such
               Coin
               ,
               he
               must
               come
               with
               a
               Cart
               and
               Team
               of
               Horse
               ,
               to
               carry
               it
               home
               .
               The
               Prince
               Palatines
               Name
               and
               Titles
               are
               
                 Carolus
                 Ludovicus
                 ,
                 Comes
                 Palatinus
                 Rheni
                 ,
                 sacri
                 Romani
                 Imperii
                 Elector
                 ,
                 utriusque
                 Bavariae
                 Dux
                 .
              
               He
               speaks
               six
               Languages
               perfectly
               well
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 High-Dutch
                 ,
                 Low-Dutch
                 ,
                 English
                 ,
                 French
                 ,
                 Italian
              
               and
               Latine
               ,
               is
               greatly
               beloved
               of
               his
               Subjects
               of
               whom
               he
               hath
               a
               paternal
               Care
               ,
               and
               whose
               Interest
               he
               makes
               his
               own
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               great
               Church
               where
               the
               famous
               Library
               was
               kept
               ,
               we
               observed
               many
               fair
               Monuments
               of
               Princes
               of
               this
               Family
               ,
               some
               with
               Dutch
               ,
               most
               with
               Latine
               Epitaphs
               or
               Inscriptions
               :
               Others
               in
               the
               Franciscans
               Church
               .
               In
               S.
               
               Peter's
               Church
               also
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Monuments
               of
               learned
               men
               of
               the
               University
               ;
               which
               is
               of
               good
               account
               and
               one
               of
               the
               best
               in
               Germany
               .
               Three
               or
               four
               Colleges
               there
               are
               built
               and
               endowed
               chieflly
               for
               the
               maintenance
               and
               accommodation
               of
               poor
               Students
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               of
               this
               University
               is
               by
               a
               Senate
               ,
               which
               consists
               only
               of
               16
               Professors
               .
               The
               number
               
               of
               Professors
               is
               limited
               ,
               and
               their
               Stipends
               fixt
               by
               the
               Statutes
               of
               the
               University
               given
               them
               by
               their
               Founder
               Rupertus
               Count
               Palatine
               Anno
               1346.
               and
               confirmed
               by
               the
               Pope
               and
               Emperor
               .
               Of
               these
               Professors
               three
               are
               of
               Divinity
               ;
               four
               of
               Law
               ;
               three
               of
               Medicine
               ,
               and
               six
               of
               Philosophy
               .
               Of
               the
               Philosophy
               Professors
               four
               only
               are
               admitted
               into
               the
               Senate
               ,
               lest
               they
               should
               make
               too
               great
               a
               party
               .
               Besides
               the
               Senate
               chuses
               anew
               the
               Philosophy
               Professors
               every
               year
               ,
               and
               may
               change
               them
               if
               they
               please
               :
               the
               other
               Professors
               are
               chosen
               for
               term
               of
               life
               .
               When
               one
               dies
               the
               Senate
               chuses
               two
               and
               presents
               them
               to
               the
               Prince
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               takes
               one
               to
               succeed
               in
               the
               vacant
               place
               .
               This
               Senate
               chuses
               every
               year
               a
               
                 Rector
                 magnificentissimus
              
               ,
               which
               is
               only
               an
               Honorary
               Title
               conferred
               upon
               some
               Prince
               or
               great
               person
               ,
               for
               he
               hath
               no
               power
               at
               all
               in
               the
               University
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               A
               
                 Rector
                 magnifl●us
              
               out
               of
               their
               own
               number
               by
               major
               Vote
               ,
               the
               chief
               Officer
               for
               power
               and
               answerable
               to
               our
               Vice-chancellour
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               An
               Aedilis
               who
               takes
               care
               of
               the
               public
               Buildings
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               A
               
                 Praefectus
                 rei
                 vinariae
              
               .
               (
               5.
               )
               A
               
                 Praefectus
                 rei
                 frumentariae
              
               ,
               which
               Officers
               answer
               to
               our
               Taxers
               .
               (
               6.
               )
               A
               Quaestor
               ,
               who
               gathers
               up
               the
               University
               Revenue
               and
               Rents
               .
               Further
               this
               Senate
               is
               a
               Jurisdiction
               by
               themselves
               ,
               and
               have
               absolute
               power
               in
               criminal
               Causes
               extending
               to
               Life
               and
               Death
               :
               only
               after
               Sentence
               given
               the
               Prince
               may
               pardon
               .
               The
               Degrees
               conferred
               here
               are
               in
               Philosophy
               Masters
               ,
               of
               which
               lately
               there
               have
               been
               but
               few
               created
               ;
               in
               Law
               and
               Medicine
               Licentiates
               and
               Doctors
               ;
               in
               Divinity
               
                 Batchelors
                 ,
                 Licentiates
              
               and
               Doctors
               ,
               of
               which
               last
               there
               have
               been
               but
               few
               lately
               .
               They
               confer
               Degrees
               without
               any
               regard
               of
               Standing
               .
               The
               Candidate
               must
               undergo
               a
               double
               Examen
               .
               (
               1.
               )
               By
               the
               Faculty
               wherein
               he
               is
               to
               commence
               ,
               the
               
                 Rector
                 magnificus
              
               being
               present
               ,
               and
               if
               he
               be
               found
               unsufficient
               he
               is
               remitted
               ,
               and
               appointed
               a
               certain
               time
               to
               study
               to
               prepare
               himself
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               By
               all
               the
               
               Professors
               together
               ,
               the
               
                 Rector
                 magnificus
              
               being
               also
               present
               .
               The
               first
               they
               call
               
                 Examen
                 tentatorium
              
               ,
               the
               second
               rigorosum
               .
               Having
               past
               both
               Examens
               he
               is
               to
               dispute
               publicly
               
                 s●b
                 Praeside
              
               ,
               then
               to
               make
               a
               Lecture
               in
               the
               Faculty
               wherein
               he
               is
               promoted
               ,
               and
               lastly
               a
               Speech
               .
               The
               Speech
               ended
               ,
               he
               asks
               the
               Vice-chancellour
               ,
               
                 ut
                 det
                 facultatem
                 promotori
                 ipsum
                 promovendi
                 .
              
               Note
               that
               by
               the
               Statute
               the
               
                 Praepositus
                 Ecclesiae
                 Wormatiensis
              
               is
               perpetual
               Chancellour
               ,
               and
               substitutes
               a
               Vice-chancellour
               in
               his
               place
               .
               But
               now
               this
               is
               only
               done
               
                 pro
                 forma
              
               ,
               for
               the
               University
               is
               not
               obnoxious
               to
               the
               Chancellour
               .
               The
               Vice-chancellour
               granting
               leave
               ,
               the
               Promoter
               ,
               who
               is
               usually
               the
               *
               Dean
               of
               the
               Faculty
               ,
               in
               the
               name
               of
               the
               Prince
               Elector
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               leave
               of
               the
               Vice-chancellour
               ,
               pronounces
               such
               an
               one
               Doctor
               ,
               and
               bids
               him
               ascend
               
                 in
                 superiorem
                 cathedram
              
               ,
               then
               kisses
               him
               ,
               puts
               a
               Ring
               on
               his
               Finger
               ,
               and
               a
               Cap
               on
               his
               Head
               ,
               and
               gives
               him
               a
               Book
               first
               shut
               and
               then
               open
               .
               Then
               the
               Graduate
               takes
               an
               Oath
               touching
               with
               his
               Finger
               the
               two
               Beadles
               Staves
               set
               leaning
               one
               against
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               last
               of
               all
               feasts
               the
               Professors
               in
               the
               room
               called
               the
               Prytancum
               ,
               which
               is
               now
               used
               as
               the
               Divinity-Schools
               :
               At
               which
               Feast
               the
               Prince
               himself
               is
               present
               or
               sends
               the
               Marshal
               of
               his
               House
               .
               To
               save
               Charges
               two
               or
               three
               Candidates
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               of
               meaner
               condition
               ,
               get
               to
               be
               promoted
               together
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       D.
                       T.
                       O.
                       M.
                       A.
                       Cursus
                       Lectionum
                       Publicarum
                       &
                       Privatarum
                       ,
                       quas
                       almae
                       Vniversitatis
                       Archipalatinae
                       DD.
                       
                       Professores
                       hoc
                       Anno
                       M.DC.LXII
                       .
                       Rectore
                       magnifico
                       Jacobo
                       Israel
                       Med.
                       Doct.
                       &
                       Physiolog
                       .
                       Prof.
                       ordinario
                       ,
                       habebunt
                       ,
                       juxta
                       Facultatum
                       seriem
                       distributus
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         In
                         FACULTATE
                         THEOLOGICA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           FRidericus
                           Spanhemius
                           ▪
                        
                         
                         SS
                         .
                         Theologiae
                         Doctor
                         ,
                         &
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         Novi
                         Testamenti
                         ;
                         Diebus
                         Lunae
                         ,
                         Martis
                         ,
                         Jovis
                         &
                         Veneris
                         ,
                         alterâ
                         quidem
                         Septimanâ
                         persequitur
                         Vindicias
                         Locorum
                         controversorum
                         ,
                         alterâ
                         verò
                         illustriora
                         ex
                         Paulinis
                         Epistolis
                         loca
                         ,
                         eâ
                         methodo
                         exsequitur
                         ,
                         ut
                         praemissis
                         Quaestionibus
                         ,
                         ad
                         elucidationem
                         cujusque
                         loci
                         subjungatur
                         ,
                         cùm
                         Analysis
                         Logica
                         ,
                         tum
                         Paraphrasis
                         Rhetorica
                         ,
                         tandémque
                         cruantur
                         ordine
                         usus
                         cum
                         theoretici
                         tum
                         practici
                         .
                      
                       
                         Collegia
                         privata
                         exegeti●a
                         ,
                         disputatoria
                         ,
                         examinatoria
                         ,
                         prioribus
                         nuper
                         absolutis
                         ,
                         Studiosis
                         offert
                         ,
                         Disputationes
                         ordinarii
                         &
                         extraordinarii
                         argumenti
                         negantur
                         nunquam
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         
                           Johannes
                           Ludovicus
                           Fabricius
                        
                         ,
                         
                         SS
                         .
                         Theologiae
                         Doctor
                         &
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         ,
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         ,
                         Martis
                         ,
                         Jovis
                         &
                         Veneris
                         Theologiae
                         Systema
                         explanare
                         perget
                         ,
                         praeterea
                         absoluto
                         Casuistico
                         Collegio
                         ,
                         Vniversale
                         explicatorio-examinatorium
                         ,
                         aliáque
                         pro
                         Studiosorum
                         desiderio
                         exercitia
                         tum
                         publica
                         tum
                         privata
                         continuabit
                         atque
                         instituet
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         II.
                         In
                         FACVLTATE
                         JVRIDICA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Henricus
                           David
                           Chuno
                        
                         ,
                         
                         D.
                         &
                         Jurium
                         Professor
                         primarius
                         Academiaeque
                         Procancellarius
                         ,
                         Lectiones
                         Codicis
                         ,
                         cujusque
                         tituli
                         principiis
                         &
                         fundamentis
                         propositis
                         ,
                         legibusque
                         peregrinis
                         &
                         fugitivis
                         ,
                         id
                         est
                         ,
                         non
                         suo
                         titulo
                         collocatis
                         ,
                         (
                         ubi
                         spicilegium
                         facturus
                         est
                         )
                         seorsim
                         explanatis
                         ,
                         publicè
                         continuabit
                         :
                         addendo
                         Jurium
                         concurrentium
                         ampliationes
                         &
                         restrictiones
                         ex
                         omni
                         Jure
                         .
                      
                       
                         Idem
                         privatim
                         operam
                         suam
                         pro
                         cap●n
                         &
                         desiderio
                         Studiosorum
                         aequè
                         ponet
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Johannes
                           Fridericus
                           Bôckelman
                        
                         ,
                         
                         J.
                         V.
                         D.
                         Pandectarum
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         ,
                         &
                         Judicii
                         Electoralis
                         Aulici
                         Assessor
                         ,
                         publicè
                         Pandectas
                         docebit
                         hac
                         methodo
                         ,
                         ut
                         (
                         1.
                         )
                         cujusque
                         tituli
                         quae
                         est
                         ,
                         ostendat
                         connexionem
                         .
                         (
                         2.
                         )
                         Jus
                         c●rtum
                         ,
                         quod
                         in
                         Legibus
                         eò
                         spectantibus
                         reperitur
                         ,
                         per
                         definitiones
                         ,
                         divisiones
                         &
                         Canones
                         compendiosè
                         proponat
                         .
                         (
                         3.
                         )
                         Controversas
                         quaestiones
                         ,
                         additis
                         solidioribus
                         rationibus
                         propugnandi
                         &
                         oppugnandi
                         subjungat
                         .
                         (
                         4.
                         )
                         Siqua
                         lex
                         nostris
                         Viciniorumque
                         moribus
                         antiquata
                         est
                         ,
                         moneat
                         .
                         (
                         5.
                         )
                         Denique
                         textus
                         in
                         quibus
                         singularis
                         materiae
                         alicujus
                         sedes
                         est
                         ,
                         speciatim
                         assignet
                         .
                      
                       
                         Collegium
                         etiam
                         disputatorium
                         publicum
                         ,
                         necnon
                         explicatorium
                         privatum
                         ,
                         utrumque
                         ad
                         Pandectas
                         institutum
                         ,
                         continuabit
                         ,
                         aliisque
                         exercitiis
                         Auditoribus
                         ,
                         uti
                         hactenus
                         prodesse
                         studebit
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         
                           Banier
                           Shuttenius
                        
                         ,
                         
                         J.
                         V.
                         D.
                         Institutionum
                         Imperialium
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         ,
                         in
                         tradendis
                         Institutionibus
                         sensum
                         cujusque
                         paragraphi
                         genuinum
                         ubi
                         exposuerit
                         ,
                         dubia
                         occurrentesque
                         circa
                         praesentem
                         materiam
                         controversias
                         breviter
                         resolvet
                         .
                      
                       
                         In
                         Collegiis
                         privatis
                         ,
                         explicandi
                         ,
                         dictandi
                         ,
                         disputandi
                         operam
                         (
                         quam
                         nec
                         publicè
                         denegabit
                         )
                         etiam
                         pollicetur
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         III.
                         In
                         FACVLTATE
                         MEDICA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Johannes
                           Casparus
                           Fausius
                        
                         ,
                         
                         Medicinae
                         Doctor
                         &
                         Professor
                         primarius
                         ,
                         necnon
                         Archiater
                         Palatinus
                         ;
                         Practicam
                         Medicinam
                         docet
                         ,
                         Ideas
                         morborum
                         succinctè
                         tradit
                         .
                         Medicamenta
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         ,
                         officinalia
                         &
                         Chymica
                         ,
                         eorumque
                         praeparationem
                         enarrat
                         ,
                         &
                         formulas
                         elegantiores
                         cum
                         propriis
                         longoe
                         praxeos
                         experimentis
                         feliciter
                         tradit
                         .
                         Chymicam
                         quoque
                         officinam
                         ejus
                         rei
                         Studiosis
                         aperuit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Jacobus
                           Israel
                        
                         ,
                         
                         Med.
                         Doct.
                         &
                         Physiologiae
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         ,
                         à
                         Nundinis
                         Autumnalibus
                         ad
                         Vernales
                         Anatomiam
                         &
                         Chirurgiam
                         :
                         à
                         Vernalibus
                         verò
                         ad
                         Autumnales
                         Institutiones
                         Medicas
                         enodabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         Ex
                         Collegiis
                         privatis
                         unum
                         Anatomicum
                         dissectorium
                         ,
                         quod
                         circa
                         manualem
                         dissectionem
                         operabitur
                         :
                         alterum
                         de
                         generatione
                         &
                         incrementis
                         pulli
                         in
                         ovo
                         beneficio
                         furni
                         Chymici
                         &
                         ignis
                         Lampadis
                         habebit
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         IV.
                         In
                         FACVLTATE
                         PHILOSOPHICA
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Johannes
                           à
                           Leuneschlos
                        
                         ,
                         
                         P.
                         &
                         M.
                         D.
                         Mathematum
                         &
                         Physices
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         ,
                         in
                         Physicis
                         publicè
                         specialium
                         nostrae
                         telluris
                         Corporum
                         naturam
                         enucleabit
                         ,
                         privatim
                         Collegia
                         aperiet
                         ,
                         in
                         quibus
                         res
                         generationi
                         &
                         corruptioni
                         obnoxia
                         docebitur
                         ,
                         &
                         ad
                         interrogata
                         respondebitur
                         .
                         
                         Circa
                         Geographiam
                         theoricam
                         
                         &
                         practicam
                         Auditoribus
                         industriam
                         suam
                         non
                         solùm
                         publicè
                         docendo
                         probabit
                         ,
                         sed
                         &
                         eosdem
                         privatim
                         tum
                         in
                         eadem
                         ,
                         tum
                         in
                         aliis
                         spatiosae
                         Matheseos
                         partibus
                         ,
                         ut
                         Arithmetica
                         ,
                         Harmonica
                         ,
                         Geometria
                         ,
                         Astronomia
                         ,
                         Optica
                         ,
                         Architectonica
                         Civili
                         &
                         Militari
                         ,
                         aliisque
                         vel
                         necessariis
                         ,
                         vel
                         rarioribus
                         Elegantiis
                         ,
                         tam
                         theoricè
                         in
                         aedibus
                         suis
                         ,
                         quam
                         practicè
                         in
                         Observatorio
                         &
                         Campo
                         ad
                         discentium
                         nutum
                         &
                         captum
                         instituere
                         haud
                         gravabitur
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Johannes
                           Scobaldus
                           Fabricius
                        
                         ,
                         
                         SS
                         .
                         Theologiae
                         Doct.
                         &
                         Ecclesiastes
                         ,
                         necnon
                         Linguae
                         Graecae
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         ,
                         Xenophontis
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         .
                         pertractabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Sebastianus
                           Ramspeck
                        
                         ,
                         
                         Politices
                         &
                         Eloquentiae
                         Professor
                         Ordinarius
                         ,
                         Synopseos
                         Politicae
                         telam
                         propediem
                         pertexet
                         ,
                         Oeconomicorum
                         Epitomen
                         breviter
                         illustrandam
                         additurus
                         ,
                         idque
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         ,
                         Martis
                         &
                         Jovis
                         :
                         diebus
                         Veneris
                         M.
                         Tullii
                         de
                         Oratore
                         libros
                         Rhetoricè
                         ac
                         Politicè
                         illustrabit
                         .
                         Studiosis
                         quinetiam
                         id
                         petituris
                         publica
                         privatáque
                         industria
                         succurret
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Stephanus
                           Gerlachius
                        
                         ,
                         
                         Historiae
                         Ecclesiasticae
                         Professor
                         ,
                         Historiam
                         Sulpitii
                         Severi
                         eâdem
                         quâ
                         coepit
                         methodo
                         hoc
                         Semestri
                         persequetur
                         .
                         Statum
                         nempe
                         ac
                         faciem
                         Veteris
                         Ecclesiae
                         ,
                         ab
                         obitu
                         usque
                         Mosis
                         ob
                         oculos
                         ponens
                         :
                         modum
                         Reip.
                         ritus
                         morésque
                         explanans
                         .
                         Sententias
                         Judaeorum
                         ac
                         Christianorum
                         ,
                         cum
                         veterum
                         tum
                         recentium
                         Impp.
                         breviter
                         exhibens
                         &
                         conferens
                         ,
                         quicquid
                         denique
                         ad
                         ornandam
                         Historiam
                         lucemque
                         ei
                         foenerandam
                         facere
                         videtur
                         ,
                         proponet
                         .
                      
                       
                         Si
                         insuper
                         nonnulli
                         forsan
                         in
                         caeteris
                         Studiis
                         literariis
                         privatim
                         ipsius
                         operam
                         expetierint
                         ,
                         fide
                         suâ
                         istis
                         ac
                         industria
                         non
                         dcerit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Samuel
                           Pussendorff
                        
                         ,
                         
                         Professor
                         Publicus
                         ,
                         Jus
                         Naturae
                         &
                         Gentium
                         ad
                         ductum
                         Grotii
                         tradere
                         perget
                         ,
                         &
                         
                         in
                         eo
                         erit
                         ,
                         ut
                         hac
                         hyeme
                         opus
                         istud
                         ad
                         finem
                         perducatur
                         .
                         Operam
                         quoque
                         suam
                         privatam
                         ,
                         siqui
                         eam
                         sunt
                         petituri
                         ,
                         nemini
                         denegabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Joh.
                           Carreus
                        
                         ,
                         
                         Verb.
                         Dei
                         Minist
                         .
                         &
                         Collegii
                         Sapientiae
                         Praeceptor
                         ,
                         in
                         Metaphysicis
                         ,
                         Logicis
                         &
                         Ethicis
                         Lectiones
                         habet
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         ,
                         Martis
                         &
                         Jovis
                         ,
                         die
                         Veneris
                         Theses
                         disputandas
                         proponit
                         .
                      
                       
                         Honorum
                         verò
                         Academicorum
                         ,
                         Disputationum
                         ,
                         Lectionum
                         Cursoriarum
                         ,
                         Anatomicarum
                         demonstrationum
                         &
                         Panegyrici
                         actus
                         creberrimi
                         habentur
                         .
                      
                       
                         Et
                         ne
                         animus
                         solùm
                         Sapientiâ
                         excolatur
                         ,
                         verùm
                         &
                         ipsum
                         corpus
                         ingenuis
                         Exercitiis
                         ad
                         virilem
                         virtutem
                         excitetur
                         ,
                         Vir
                         Artis
                         Equestris
                         callentissimus
                         ,
                         cujus
                         fama
                         celeberrima
                         jam
                         plusquam
                         percrebuit
                         ,
                         Equestri
                         Gymnasio
                         singulari
                         cum
                         laude
                         praeest
                         .
                      
                       
                         Linguarum
                         verò
                         exoticarum
                         Praeceptores
                         ,
                         Lanistae
                         ,
                         atque
                         aliarum
                         elegantiarum
                         Artifices
                         ,
                         certatim
                         in
                         artibus
                         suis
                         edocendis
                         peritiam
                         ac
                         sedulitatem
                         demonstrare
                         allaborant
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               The
               Prince
               Elector
               is
               absolute
               in
               his
               own
               Territory
               .
               He
               can
               make
               Laws
               and
               repeal
               them
               ,
               treat
               with
               forein
               Princes
               ,
               sending
               Embassadors
               to
               them
               ,
               and
               receiving
               Embassadors
               from
               them
               ,
               make
               War
               and
               Peace
               ,
               impose
               Tributes
               arbitrarily
               on
               his
               Subjects
               without
               the
               consent
               of
               the
               States
               of
               the
               Countrey
               .
               The
               Emperor
               hath
               nothing
               to
               do
               with
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               they
               swearing
               Allegiance
               only
               to
               him
               .
               He
               only
               can
               excommunicate
               ,
               having
               reserved
               to
               himself
               the
               Episcopal
               Power
               .
               The
               Prince
               Elector
               hath
               seven
               Councils
               or
               Courts
               ,
               (
               1.
               )
               
                 Concilium
                 Augustum
              
               or
               his
               Privy
               Council
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               
                 Concilium
                 Statûs
              
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               
                 Concilium
                 Ecclesiasticum
              
               ,
               consisting
               of
               four
               ,
               whereof
               two
               are
               Lay
               men
               ,
               and
               two
               Clergy
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               Dicasterium
               ,
               who
               judge
               Causes
               between
               man
               and
               man.
               (
               5.
               )
               
                 Concilium
                 feudale
              
               .
               (
               6.
               )
               
                 Concilium
                 redituum
                 temporalium
              
               or
               rationum
               .
               (
               7.
               )
               
                 Concilium
                 redituum
                 
                 Ecclesiasticorum
              
               .
               The
               Prince
               hath
               thought
               fit
               to
               keep
               these
               two
               last
               distinct
               ,
               partly
               that
               he
               may
               know
               how
               to
               proportion
               the
               Ministers
               Allowance
               ;
               and
               partly
               that
               if
               any
               of
               his
               Successors
               should
               happen
               to
               change
               his
               Religion
               (
               as
               is
               ordinary
               for
               Princes
               to
               do
               in
               Germany
               )
               they
               may
               be
               able
               to
               distinguish
               clearly
               between
               their
               own
               proper
               Temporal
               and
               the
               Church
               Revenue
               .
            
             
               The
               Prince
               in
               his
               own
               Territory
               is
               general
               Bishop
               and
               supreme
               Head
               in
               Ecclesiastical
               Affairs
               .
               Formerly
               this
               Countrey
               was
               under
               the
               Inspection
               and
               Jurisdiction
               of
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Spier
               ,
               but
               since
               the
               Reformation
               ,
               the
               Prince
               hath
               not
               only
               seized
               the
               Revenues
               of
               the
               Church
               into
               his
               own
               hand
               ,
               but
               also
               assumed
               to
               himself
               entirely
               the
               Episcopal
               Power
               and
               Jurisdiction
               .
               He
               also
               is
               universal
               Patron
               ,
               and
               disposes
               of
               all
               vacant
               Benefices
               as
               he
               pleases
               ;
               indeed
               the
               Council
               of
               four
               nominate
               and
               present
               two
               unto
               him
               ,
               of
               which
               usually
               he
               chuses
               one
               ,
               because
               it
               may
               well
               be
               presumed
               that
               he
               knows
               not
               so
               well
               as
               they
               what
               persons
               are
               best
               qualified
               and
               fit
               to
               be
               preferred
               ;
               but
               he
               is
               not
               obliged
               to
               confer
               the
               Benefice
               upon
               either
               of
               the
               persons
               by
               them
               so
               nominated
               ,
               but
               may
               either
               put
               in
               another
               known
               to
               himself
               ,
               or
               command
               them
               to
               nominate
               others
               ,
               if
               he
               like
               not
               those
               presented
               .
               The
               Religion
               of
               the
               Countrey
               is
               the
               Reformed
               .
               The
               whole
               Palatinate
               is
               divided
               into
               three
               Praefècturae
               ,
               and
               some
               ,
               viz.
               the
               greater
               of
               these
               subdivided
               into
               less
               .
               Every
               Praefectura
               hath
               its
               Inspector
               or
               Bishop
               ,
               who
               is
               Pastor
               of
               some
               Church
               in
               that
               Praefectura
               :
               He
               differs
               not
               from
               any
               other
               in
               any
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               but
               in
               that
               commonly
               he
               hath
               a
               larger
               Stipend
               .
               His
               business
               is
               only
               to
               give
               Information
               ,
               if
               he
               be
               of
               a
               lesser
               Division
               ,
               to
               the
               Inspector
               of
               the
               whole
               Praefectura
               under
               which
               he
               is
               ,
               if
               of
               a
               greater
               ,
               to
               the
               Council
               of
               foar
               .
               If
               need
               be
               every
               Praefectura
               or
               great
               Town
               hath
               a
               Presbytery
               .
               The
               Presbytery
               of
               Heidelberg
               consists
               of
               the
               five
               Ministers
               
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               two
               Deputies
               from
               each
               Jurisdiction
               except
               the
               Aulica
               :
               and
               two
               from
               each
               Quarter
               of
               the
               City
               ;
               so
               that
               at
               this
               time
               the
               number
               in
               all
               is
               21.
               
               These
               all
               have
               equal
               Suffrages
               the
               Lay-men
               with
               the
               Ministers
               ,
               only
               one
               of
               the
               Ministers
               always
               presides
               in
               his
               Course
               .
               This
               Presbytery
               assembles
               once
               every
               week
               ,
               at
               whose
               meeting
               is
               always
               present
               a
               Delegate
               from
               the
               Prince
               ,
               to
               see
               that
               nothing
               be
               agitated
               there
               which
               it
               concerns
               not
               the
               Presbytery
               to
               meddle
               withal
               .
               This
               Presbytery
               hath
               no
               power
               to
               excommunicate
               or
               inflict
               any
               Church
               Censure
               ;
               but
               if
               any
               person
               be
               accused
               to
               them
               of
               any
               Crime
               ,
               they
               send
               him
               to
               the
               Jurisdiction
               to
               whom
               he
               appertains
               ,
               to
               enquire
               into
               his
               Offence
               .
               The
               Court
               having
               received
               this
               Information
               from
               the
               Presbytery
               ,
               either
               neglect
               it
               if
               they
               please
               ,
               or
               if
               they
               see
               cause
               enquire
               into
               it
               ,
               and
               punish
               the
               Delinquent
               according
               to
               his
               Demerit
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               close
               of
               the
               Sentence
               or
               Warrant
               for
               execution
               add
               this
               Clause
               ,
               
                 Quod
                 ad
                 Scandalum
                 Ecclesiae
                 datum
                 remittimus
                 te
                 ad
                 Presbyterium
                 .
              
               Now
               at
               last
               ,
               all
               they
               can
               do
               ,
               is
               to
               exact
               of
               him
               a
               public
               Confession
               before
               the
               Church
               ,
               and
               a
               promise
               of
               Amendment
               for
               the
               future
               .
               As
               for
               Ordination
               ,
               it
               is
               given
               by
               the
               Council
               of
               four
               by
               Imposition
               of
               Hands
               ,
               after
               examination
               of
               the
               person
               to
               be
               ordained
               ,
               and
               Testimonials
               exhibited
               from
               the
               University
               or
               other
               Persons
               of
               known
               Credit
               .
               The
               Prince
               receives
               all
               Tithes
               ,
               except
               such
               as
               in
               some
               places
               for
               conveniencies
               sake
               are
               paid
               immediately
               to
               the
               Ministers
               ;
               and
               other
               Church-Revenues
               ,
               most
               whereof
               is
               paid
               out
               again
               in
               Stipends
               to
               the
               Ministers
               ,
               which
               the
               Prince
               proportions
               accordieg
               to
               their
               Merit
               and
               his
               own
               Discretion
               ;
               the
               rest
               is
               reserved
               for
               Emergencies
               .
            
             
               July
               25.
               we
               hired
               a
               Coach
               for
               Strasburgh
               ,
               which
               brought
               us
               thither
               in
               three
               days
               .
               At
               three
               miles
               distance
               from
               Heidelberg
               we
               passed
               in
               sight
               of
               Philipsburg
               ,
               
               a
               well
               fortified
               place
               situate
               in
               a
               level
               near
               the
               
               Rhene
               :
               now
               possessed
               by
               the
               French.
               The
               Castle
               or
               Palace
               yielded
               a
               goodly
               Prospect
               .
               A
               mile
               further
               we
               passed
               through
               Graffe
               a
               small
               Town
               with
               a
               Castle
               belonging
               to
               the
               Markgrave
               of
               Tourlach
               ,
               where
               our
               Coachman
               paid
               Toll
               .
               We
               lodged
               this
               first
               night
               at
               a
               Village
               called
               Linknom
               under
               the
               same
               Lord
               ,
               who
               is
               a
               Lutheran
               .
            
             
               July
               26.
               at
               four
               miles
               end
               we
               baited
               at
               a
               large
               Village
               called
               Raspach
               ;
               and
               two
               miles
               on
               further
               we
               passed
               through
               Stolchoven
               a
               little
               walled
               Town
               ,
               
               where
               our
               Coachman
               paid
               another
               Toll
               ;
               and
               after
               one
               mile
               more
               another
               walled
               Town
               called
               Lichtenaw
               ,
               
               both
               under
               the
               Marquess
               of
               Baden
               .
               This
               second
               night
               we
               took
               up
               our
               quarters
               at
               Sertz
               ,
               a
               Village
               under
               the
               Earl
               of
               Ha●aw
               .
            
             
               July
               27.
               we
               passed
               over
               the
               Rhene
               divided
               into
               two
               Branches
               or
               Streams
               by
               two
               great
               Wooden-Bridges
               ,
               which
               instead
               of
               Boards
               are
               floored
               with
               whole
               Fir-Trees
               laid
               loose
               across
               ,
               neither
               pinned
               nor
               nailed
               down
               :
               I
               conceive
               that
               the
               Bridge
               might
               upon
               any
               exigent
               be
               more
               suddenly
               thrown
               down
               and
               broken
               .
               Soon
               after
               we
               were
               past
               the
               Bridges
               we
               entred
               Strasburgh
               .
               In
               this
               Journey
               we
               observed
               great
               plenty
               of
               Maiz
               or
               Indian
               Wheat
               planted
               ,
               in
               some
               places
               
                 Lathyrus
                 sativus
              
               ,
               and
               in
               others
               Carthamus
               or
               bastard
               Saffron
               sown
               in
               the
               fields
               :
               Growing
               wild
               besides
               what
               we
               had
               before
               observed
               in
               other
               places
               ,
               
                 Blattaria
                 ,
                 Solidago
                 Saracenica
              
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Meadows
               near
               
                 Strasburgh
                 ,
                 Carduus
                 .
                 Pratensis
                 Tragi
                 .
              
            
             
               Strasburgh
               is
               a
               free
               City
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               
               large
               ,
               well
               built
               ,
               rich
               and
               populous
               ,
               encompassed
               with
               a
               double
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               full
               of
               Water
               ,
               besides
               the
               advantage
               of
               a
               good
               situation
               in
               a
               large
               Level
               ,
               very
               exactly
               fortified
               ,
               and
               the
               Walls
               and
               Works
               most
               regular
               ,
               elegant
               ,
               and
               scrupulously
               kept
               in
               repair
               :
               so
               that
               it
               seems
               no
               easie
               thing
               by
               force
               to
               take
               this
               City
               ;
               neither
               was
               it
               I
               think
               once
               attempted
               
               in
               the
               late
               German
               Wars
               .
               It
               lies
               as
               a
               Block
               in
               the
               Frenchmens
               way
               ,
               and
               is
               as
               it
               were
               the
               Rampart
               of
               the
               Empire
               in
               these
               parts
               .
               The
               Government
               is
               by
               a
               greater
               Council
               of
               300
               ,
               chosen
               by
               the
               several
               Companies
               of
               Citizens
               ,
               and
               a
               lesser
               of
               71
               ,
               of
               which
               number
               six
               are
               Burgomasters
               ,
               six
               Stetmasters
               ,
               15
               
                 Patres
                 Patriae
              
               and
               13
               of
               the
               Militia
               .
               The
               Women
               of
               this
               City
               are
               well-favoured
               and
               of
               good
               Complexions
               .
               The
               Inhabitants
               are
               most
               part
               Lutherans
               ,
               who
               have
               seven
               Churches
               :
               some
               Papists
               ,
               who
               have
               one
               Church
               and
               four
               Cloisters
               ,
               two
               for
               Men
               and
               two
               for
               Women
               ;
               and
               a
               few
               Reformed
               ,
               who
               yet
               are
               not
               allowed
               a
               Church
               in
               Town
               ,
               but
               forced
               to
               go
               some
               two
               miles
               to
               Church
               in
               the
               Territory
               of
               the
               Earl
               of
               Hanaw
               .
               This
               City
               is
               an
               Episcopal
               See
               ,
               the
               Bishop
               whereof
               is
               Lord
               of
               the
               lower
               Alsatia
               .
               He
               hath
               a
               Palace
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               but
               is
               not
               suffered
               to
               lodge
               therein
               above
               three
               days
               together
               ;
               in
               an
               Inn
               he
               is
               allowed
               eight
               days
               at
               a
               time
               .
               Here
               is
               the
               fairest
               ,
               largest
               ,
               best
               furnished
               ,
               and
               handsomeliest
               kept
               Armory
               or
               Arsenal
               that
               we
               saw
               in
               Germany
               ,
               or
               in
               all
               these
               respects
               any
               where
               else
               .
               Here
               are
               also
               public
               Granaries
               ,
               Wine-Cellars
               and
               Store-houses
               .
               The
               River
               Elle
               runs
               through
               the
               Town
               .
               The
               Domo
               or
               Cathedral
               Church
               is
               a
               fair
               Building
               of
               Stone
               ,
               having
               a
               great
               pair
               of
               Brass
               Folding-Doors
               at
               the
               West
               end
               .
               Herein
               we
               viewed
               the
               famous
               Clock
               described
               by
               Coryat
               and
               others
               ,
               a
               Piece
               of
               excellent
               Workmanship
               ,
               made
               ,
               as
               were
               told
               by
               one
               
                 Isaac
                 Habrechtus
              
               of
               Strasburgh
               .
               The
               Steeple
               of
               this
               Church
               is
               curiously
               built
               of
               carved
               Stone
               ,
               and
               incomparably
               the
               highest
               that
               ever
               we
               yet
               saw
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Steps
               from
               the
               bottom
               to
               the
               top
               is
               662.
               
               We
               ascended
               640
               Steps
               to
               the
               place
               called
               the
               Crown
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               had
               a
               wide
               Prospect
               of
               the
               Countrey
               round
               about
               .
               In
               this
               Steeple
               two
               men
               watch
               constantly
               by
               day
               and
               four
               by
               night
               .
               
               Ten
               hours
               distant
               from
               Strasburgh
               towards
               Stutgard
               is
               Sowrebourn
               ,
               from
               whence
               acid
               
               Water
               is
               brought
               hither
               ,
               which
               they
               mingle
               with
               their
               Wine
               and
               drink
               as
               at
               other
               places
               .
               By
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               and
               other
               Imperial
               Cities
               ,
               especially
               the
               Women
               ,
               are
               many
               different
               sorts
               of
               Habits
               used
               .
            
             
               July
               31.
               we
               left
               Strasburgh
               and
               began
               our
               Journey
               towards
               Basil
               ,
               travelling
               as
               far
               as
               Tivelsheim
               a
               Village
               under
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Strasburgh
               ,
               some
               two
               miles
               and
               half
               ▪
               August
               1.
               after
               three
               miles
               riding
               forward
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               small
               walled
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               same
               Bishop
               called
               Marklesheim
               .
               Two
               miles
               further
               we
               rode
               in
               sight
               of
               Brisach
               ,
               
               a
               Town
               seated
               on
               a
               Rock
               by
               the
               Rhene
               side
               ,
               a
               place
               of
               great
               Strength
               and
               Importance
               ,
               much
               contended
               for
               in
               the
               late
               Wars
               .
               It
               is
               now
               in
               the
               French
               hands
               ,
               as
               is
               all
               Alsatia
               almost
               to
               the
               Walls
               of
               Basil
               :
               and
               after
               two
               other
               miles
               we
               came
               to
               a
               Village
               called
               Lodesheim
               pleasantly
               situate
               in
               a
               large
               Plain
               where
               we
               lodged
               .
            
             
               Aug.
               2.
               we
               rode
               but
               one
               league
               and
               an
               half
               ere
               we
               arrived
               at
               Basil
               .
               
               This
               City
               is
               large
               and
               fair
               ,
               the
               Houses
               being
               for
               the
               most
               part
               built
               of
               Stone
               ,
               tall
               and
               painted
               on
               the
               out
               side
               .
               It
               is
               compassed
               about
               with
               a
               double
               Wall
               and
               Trench
               ,
               rich
               and
               populous
               ,
               built
               upon
               Hills
               ,
               so
               that
               which
               way
               soever
               you
               go
               you
               either
               ascend
               or
               descend
               .
               The
               River
               Rhene
               divides
               it
               into
               two
               parts
               ,
               which
               are
               joined
               together
               by
               a
               Bridge
               of
               14
               Arches
               .
               That
               part
               on
               the
               North
               side
               of
               the
               River
               is
               called
               
                 Little
                 Basil
              
               .
               There
               are
               said
               to
               be
               300
               Fountains
               in
               this
               City
               ,
               scarce
               a
               Street
               or
               House
               of
               note
               but
               hath
               one
               .
               It
               is
               one
               of
               the
               thirteen
               Cantons
               of
               Switzerland
               ,
               and
               hath
               in
               its
               Territory
               about
               100
               Villages
               .
               It
               gives
               Title
               to
               a
               Bishop
               chosen
               by
               Canons
               ,
               who
               yet
               is
               not
               suffered
               to
               lodge
               in
               the
               Town
               one
               night
               .
               He
               lives
               at
               Broudint
               ,
               keeps
               the
               State
               of
               a
               Temporal
               Prince
               ,
               and
               coins
               Money
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               current
               in
               Basil
               .
            
             
             
               As
               to
               the
               Civil
               Government
               ,
               the
               Citizens
               are
               divided
               into
               15
               Tribes
               or
               Companies
               .
               Each
               Company
               chuses
               12
               men
               by
               major
               Vote
               ,
               who
               are
               called
               Sexers
               ,
               because
               six
               of
               them
               only
               are
               regent
               at
               once
               ,
               viz.
               one
               six
               one
               year
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               six
               the
               next
               ,
               and
               so
               alternately
               .
               These
               twelve
               Viri
               or
               Sexers
               chuse
               out
               of
               each
               Tribe
               two
               Tfunff-Masters
               or
               
                 Tribuni
                 Plebis
              
               for
               their
               Lives
               .
               The
               
                 Tribuni
                 Plebis
              
               chuse
               two
               out
               of
               each
               Tribe
               who
               are
               called
               Senators
               .
               Of
               these
               60
               and
               the
               four
               Heads
               (
               two
               whereof
               are
               called
               Burgomasters
               and
               chosen
               by
               the
               Senators
               properly
               so
               called
               ,
               and
               two
               
                 Tribuni
                 Plebis
              
               or
               Tfunft-meisters
               and
               chosen
               by
               the
               
                 Tribuni
                 Plebis
              
               )
               the
               lesser
               Council
               consists
               .
               Both
               Burgomasters
               and
               Tfunft-meisters
               ,
               Tribunes
               and
               Senators
               rule
               alternately
               .
               The
               old
               Senators
               ,
               or
               that
               half
               of
               the
               lesser
               Council
               which
               was
               in
               power
               the
               precedent
               year
               ,
               do
               first
               debate
               and
               agree
               upon
               any
               business
               of
               moment
               before
               it
               be
               propounded
               to
               the
               new
               Senate
               ;
               who
               afterwards
               confirm
               or
               reject
               as
               they
               please
               .
               The
               Great
               Council
               (
               which
               is
               assembled
               by
               the
               ordinary
               Council
               upon
               weighty
               occasions
               )
               consists
               of
               all
               the
               Magistrates
               ,
               viz.
               The
               12
               Viri
               and
               all
               the
               lesser
               or
               ordinary
               Council
               .
               The
               lesser
               Council
               Judges
               in
               criminal
               Causes
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               City
               is
               an
               University
               founded
               by
               Pope
               Pius
               the
               Second
               .
               The
               University-Senate
               consists
               of
               the
               seventeen
               Professors
               .
               The
               Names
               of
               the
               present
               Professors
               in
               each
               Faculty
               ,
               now
               Anno
               1663.
               are
               ,
               
                 
                   In
                   DIVINITY
                   ,
                
                 
                   Johannes
                   Buxtorfius
                   Professor
                   Veteris
                   Testamenti
                   &
                   Linguae
                   Hebraicae
                   .
                
                 
                   Joh.
                   Rudolphus
                   Wetstenius
                   Professor
                   N.
                   Testamenti
                   .
                
                 
                   Lucas
                   Kamlerus
                   primarius
                   Pastor
                   &
                   Prof.
                   Controversiarum
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   In
                   LAW
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Remigius
                     Fechsius
                     Pandectarum
                     Prof.
                  
                   He
                   has
                   collected
                   many
                   Rarities
                   .
                
                 
                   Lucas
                   Burchardus
                   Cod.
                   Prof.
                   magnificus
                   Rector
                   .
                   Jacobus
                   Brandmullerus
                   Institut
                   .
                   Prof.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   MEDICINE
                   .
                
                 
                   Emmanuel
                   Stupanus
                   Med.
                   Theor.
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   Joh.
                   C.
                   Bauhinus
                   pater
                   ,
                   Praxeos
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Hieronymus
                     Bauhinus
                     F.
                     Anatomes
                     &
                     Botanices
                     Prof.
                  
                   Of
                   these
                   two
                   the
                   Father
                   is
                   the
                   Son
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Son
                   consequently
                   the
                   Grand-child
                   of
                   that
                   famous
                   Herbarist
                   and
                   Anatomist
                   
                     Caspar
                     Bauhinus
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   PHILOSOPHY
                   and
                   Humane
                   Literature
                   .
                
                 
                   Christophorus
                   Fee●sius
                   ,
                   frater
                   Remigii
                   ,
                   Histor
                   .
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   Rheinhardus
                   Iselius
                   Ethic.
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   Rudolphus
                   Burchardus
                   ,
                   cognatus
                   Lucae
                   ,
                   Mathem
                   .
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   Mr.
                   Henricus
                   Keselbachius
                   ,
                   Phys
                   .
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   Fridericus
                   Burchardus
                   ,
                   Henrici
                   patruus
                   ,
                   Orat.
                   &
                   Eloq
                   .
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   Samuel
                   Burchardus
                   ,
                   Logicae
                   Prof.
                   cognatus
                   caterorum
                   .
                
                 
                   Simon
                   Bathienus
                   ,
                   Rhet.
                   Prof.
                   
                
                 
                   Joh.
                   Zuingerus
                   ,
                   Gr.
                   Linguae
                   Prof.
                   
                
              
            
             
               The
               Professors
               are
               to
               read
               every
               day
               in
               the
               week
               in
               Term-time
               ,
               except
               Thursdays
               and
               Sundays
               ,
               their
               Stipends
               are
               small
               and
               not
               a
               competent
               maintenance
               .
            
             
               Here
               are
               no
               Doctors
               in
               Divinity
               created
               beside
               the
               Professors
               ,
               and
               some
               the
               condition
               of
               whose
               places
               require
               that
               Degree
               .
               In
               Law
               they
               confer
               two
               
               Degrees
               ,
               Doctor
               and
               Licentiate
               ;
               in
               Medicine
               only
               Doctor
               ;
               in
               
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 Master
              
               and
               Batchelour
               .
               The
               Ecclesiastical
               Government
               is
               by
               the
               three
               Professors
               of
               the
               first
               Faculty
               ,
               the
               four
               Scholarchae
               and
               all
               the
               Ministers
               .
               When
               a
               Benefice
               happens
               to
               be
               vacant
               ,
               the
               Senate
               nominates
               three
               to
               it
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               the
               Ministers
               chuse
               one
               .
               The
               City-Ministers
               have
               a
               certain
               Stipend
               in
               Money
               ;
               in
               the
               Countrey-Villages
               the
               Ministers
               have
               part
               of
               their
               Allowance
               in
               Tithes
               ,
               and
               part
               in
               Money
               .
               No
               Minister
               before
               or
               after
               Imposition
               of
               hands
               is
               obliged
               by
               Oath
               or
               Promise
               to
               continue
               his
               Profession
               so
               long
               as
               he
               lives
               ,
               but
               may
               leave
               his
               Ministry
               when
               he
               pleases
               ,
               and
               betake
               himself
               to
               some
               other
               Calling
               .
               This
               and
               all
               other
               the
               Protestant
               Cantons
               of
               Switzerland
               are
               of
               the
               Reformed
               Religion
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               City
               
                 Erasmus
                 Rot.
              
               
               lived
               the
               latter
               part
               of
               his
               time
               ,
               and
               here
               he
               died
               and
               lies
               buried
               in
               the
               great
               Church
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               a
               fair
               Marble
               Monument
               erected
               to
               his
               Memory
               ,
               against
               a
               Pillar
               on
               the
               North
               side
               of
               the
               Communion-Table
               .
               He
               founded
               and
               endowed
               a
               College
               in
               Basil
               ,
               wherein
               are
               maintained
               20
               persons
               ,
               eighteen
               whereof
               are
               to
               be
               Students
               in
               Divinity
               ,
               who
               may
               live
               there
               as
               long
               as
               they
               please
               ,
               provided
               they
               follow
               their
               Studies
               and
               continue
               unmarried
               :
               only
               the
               Magistrates
               have
               a
               power
               to
               command
               them
               thence
               to
               another
               kind
               of
               life
               .
               Of
               the
               other
               two
               one
               is
               a
               Bedel
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               a
               School-master
               .
               Over
               this
               College
               there
               is
               a
               Regent
               ,
               without
               whose
               leave
               no
               Student
               may
               lodge
               out
               of
               the
               House
               one
               night
               .
               Ten
               of
               the
               Students
               are
               to
               be
               Basileans
               and
               ten
               Strangers
               .
               At
               the
               great
               Church
               is
               preserved
               Erasmus
               his
               Library
               ,
               called
               
                 Bibliotheca
                 Amberbachiana
              
               ,
               
               because
               Erasmus
               bequeathed
               it
               ●o
               Amberbachius
               ,
               by
               his
               last
               Will
               and
               Testament
               ,
               which
               we
               saw
               written
               with
               his
               own
               hand
               in
               half
               a
               Sheet
               of
               Paper
               ,
               Dated
               the
               12.
               of
               February
               ,
               1536.
               
               In
               this
               Library
               are
               preserved
               many
               
               good
               Pieces
               and
               Designs
               of
               Holbenius
               a
               famous
               Painter
               born
               in
               Basil
               :
               A
               Box
               full
               of
               Diplomata
               ,
               given
               to
               Erasmus
               by
               the
               Pope
               ,
               Emperor
               and
               several
               Kings
               and
               Princes
               of
               
                 Europe
                 .
                 Erasmus
              
               his
               Seal
               and
               Ring
               :
               A
               fair
               Gold
               Medal
               sent
               to
               Erasmus
               by
               the
               King
               of
               Poland
               :
               Many
               antient
               and
               modern
               Coins
               and
               Medals
               :
               Three
               Rappers
               (
               i.
               e.
               small
               Pieces
               of
               Money
               of
               a
               mixt
               Metal
               not
               so
               big
               as
               a
               Silver
               Penny
               of
               the
               value
               of
               a
               Farthing
               )
               turned
               into
               Gold
               by
               
                 Leon.
                 Turnitius
              
               a
               famous
               Alchymist
               of
               this
               place
               ,
               who
               turned
               the
               Nail
               at
               Florence
               :
               Several
               antient
               Entaglie
               :
               Many
               Papers
               of
               Amberbachius
               ,
               concerning
               the
               Antiquities
               of
               
                 Augusta
                 Rauracorum
              
               ,
               formerly
               a
               great
               City
               ,
               now
               a
               Village
               called
               Augst
               ,
               not
               far
               distant
               from
               Basil
               .
               The
               great
               Church
               or
               Cathedral
               at
               Basil
               was
               built
               by
               the
               Emperor
               Henry
               II.
               who
               married
               Cunigunda
               the
               Daughter
               of
               an
               English
               King.
               S.
               Pantalus
               an
               English
               man
               was
               the
               first
               Bishop
               here
               .
               The
               graver
               sort
               of
               Citizens
               and
               Magistrates
               wear
               Ruffs
               and
               Steeple-Caps
               .
               The
               Professors
               and
               Ministers
               wear
               the
               same
               Caps
               and
               Ruffs
               ,
               and
               besides
               short
               Gowns
               ,
               which
               reach
               little
               lower
               than
               their
               Knees
               .
               Many
               of
               the
               Countrey-Boors
               wear
               Straw-Hats
               .
               The
               Women
               wear
               their
               Coats
               very
               short
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               them
               little
               round
               Caps
               on
               their
               Heads
               ,
               very
               like
               the
               young
               Scholars
               Caps
               in
               Cambridge
               ,
               but
               less
               ;
               and
               a
               Tin-Girdle
               about
               their
               Wasts
               .
               We
               saw
               in
               this
               City
               Dr.
               
                 Fel.
                 Platerus
              
               his
               Musaeum
               or
               Cabinet
               ,
               wherein
               there
               is
               a
               good
               Collection
               of
               Minerals
               ,
               Stones
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               dried
               Fishes
               ,
               and
               other
               natural
               and
               artificial
               Rarities
               ,
               gathered
               by
               
                 Tho.
                 Platerus
              
               the
               Father
               ,
               and
               
                 Fel.
                 Platerus
              
               the
               Son
               ,
               and
               disposed
               in
               a
               good
               Method
               ,
               the
               Names
               being
               set
               to
               each
               one
               .
               Here
               and
               at
               Zurich
               are
               Sermons
               every
               day
               in
               the
               week
               at
               several
               Churches
               .
            
             
               
                 David
                 George
              
               that
               monstrous
               Fanatic
               died
               in
               this
               City
               ,
               at
               whose
               Death
               there
               happened
               a
               great
               Tempest
               of
               Thunder
               and
               Lightning
               ,
               and
               a
               Thunder-bolt
               brake
               into
               his
               House
               .
            
             
             
               About
               Basil
               we
               found
               growing
               wild
               beside
               what
               we
               had
               before
               met
               withal
               ,
               
                 Scrophularia
                 Ruta
                 canina
                 dicta
                 ,
                 Passerina
                 Tragi
              
               among
               the
               Corn.
               
                 Phalangium
                 parvo
                 flore
                 ramosius
                 ,
                 Blitum
                 minus
                 album
              
               J.
               B.
               in
               fimetis
               .
               
                 Cymbalaria
                 Italica
                 hederacea
              
               ,
               in
               muris
               urbis
               ad
               portam
               quae
               Argentinam
               ducit
               .
               
                 Stoebe
                 major
                 calyculis
                 non
                 splendentibus
              
               ,
               in
               marginibus
               agrorum
               &
               muris
               passim
               toto
               itinere
               à
               Frankendaliâ
               ad
               Basileam
               usque
               .
               
                 Polium
                 montanum
                 Lavendulae
                 folio
                 ,
                 Consolida
                 media
                 Genevensis
              
               J.
               B.
               &
               
                 Cneorum
                 Matthioli
                 seu
                 Thymelaea
                 minor
                 Cordi
                 .
              
               But
               if
               any
               one
               desires
               a
               more
               particular
               account
               of
               what
               Plants
               grow
               wild
               about
               
                 Basil
                 ,
                 C.
                 Ba●thinus
              
               his
               
                 Catalogus
                 Plantarum
                 circa
                 Basileam
                 nascentium
              
               will
               give
               him
               full
               satisfaction
               .
            
             
               August
               10.
               from
               Basil
               we
               set
               forward
               for
               Zurich
               .
               At
               the
               end
               of
               one
               Dutch
               mile
               we
               passed
               Augst
               ,
               supposed
               to
               have
               been
               
                 Augusta
                 Rauracorum
              
               .
               There
               we
               view'd
               the
               Ruines
               of
               an
               antient
               Building
               ,
               judged
               by
               Amberbachius
               to
               have
               been
               an
               Amphitheater
               .
               Next
               we
               rode
               fast
               by
               a
               wall'd
               Town
               on
               the
               Rhene
               subject
               to
               the
               Archduke
               of
               Inspruck
               .
               On
               the
               Hills
               hereabout
               we
               first
               saw
               Fir-trees
               growing
               wild
               .
               Then
               we
               passed
               through
               Bruck
               a
               pretty
               little
               walled
               Town
               having
               one
               handsom
               Street
               well
               built
               with
               tall
               Houses
               of
               Stone
               ,
               and
               Fountains
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               lodged
               at
               the
               Baths
               of
               Baden
               six
               miles
               distant
               from
               Basil
               .
               This
               day
               we
               first
               took
               notice
               of
               the
               little
               green
               Tree-Frogs
               .
               The
               Baths
               here
               are
               said
               to
               be
               sixty
               in
               number
               ,
               but
               small
               ;
               the
               Water
               is
               very
               hot
               .
               Baden
               is
               a
               walled
               Town
               ,
               seated
               on
               the
               side
               of
               a
               Hill
               by
               the
               River
               Limagus
               ,
               about
               half
               an
               English
               mile
               distant
               from
               the
               Baths
               .
               Here
               the
               Delegates
               of
               the
               thirteen
               Cantons
               meet
               and
               sit
               .
               The
               poor
               People
               put
               a
               Cheat
               upon
               Strangers
               ,
               bringing
               them
               to
               sell
               (
               as
               they
               pretend
               )
               
                 fossile
                 Dice
              
               ,
               which
               they
               say
               ,
               they
               dig
               out
               of
               the
               Earth
               naturally
               so
               figured
               and
               marked
               .
               But
               I
               am
               well
               assured
               ,
               such
               as
               they
               brought
               us
               were
               artificial
               Dice
               ,
               and
               if
               they
               dig'd
               them
               out
               
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               they
               first
               buried
               them
               there
               themselves
               .
               From
               
                 Baden
                 ,
                 Aug.
              
               11.
               we
               rode
               along
               by
               the
               Limagus
               on
               one
               hand
               ,
               and
               fair
               Vineyards
               on
               the
               other
               to
               Zurich
               .
            
             
               Zurich
               is
               pleasantly
               situate
               at
               the
               end
               of
               a
               Lake
               call'd
               
               Zurich-Sea
               ,
               
               scarce
               so
               big
               as
               Basil
               ,
               but
               I
               think
               more
               populous
               .
               The
               River
               Limagus
               which
               runs
               out
               of
               the
               Lake
               divides
               it
               into
               two
               almost
               equal
               parts
               ,
               which
               are
               joined
               together
               by
               two
               Bridges
               ;
               one
               very
               broad
               for
               Carts
               and
               Horses
               to
               pass
               over
               .
            
             
               The
               Houses
               are
               built
               of
               Timber
               with
               Clay-Walls
               ,
               handsomly
               painted
               ,
               many
               of
               them
               four
               or
               five
               Stories
               high
               .
               The
               Streets
               are
               narrow
               but
               well
               paved
               with
               Flints
               and
               great
               Pebbles
               .
               This
               City
               is
               as
               well
               fortified
               as
               the
               Situation
               of
               it
               will
               permit
               ,
               besides
               the
               Wall
               ,
               being
               encompassed
               round
               with
               good
               Earthworks
               and
               Trenches
               after
               the
               modern
               fashion
               .
               The
               River
               Sele
               runs
               by
               and
               gives
               defence
               to
               it
               on
               the
               South
               side
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               lower
               empties
               itself
               into
               the
               Limagus
               .
               The
               Citizens
               are
               given
               to
               Merchandise
               ,
               all
               very
               busie
               and
               industrious
               .
               They
               either
               are
               rich
               or
               at
               least
               so
               esteemed
               ,
               and
               therefore
               envied
               by
               their
               Neighbours
               of
               the
               Romish
               Religion
               .
               Here
               are
               no
               Guards
               of
               Soldiers
               at
               the
               City-Gates
               ;
               no
               Strangers
               examined
               or
               searcht
               either
               at
               coming
               in
               or
               going
               out
               .
               We
               observed
               the
               colour
               of
               the
               Water
               of
               the
               
               Zurich-Sea
               to
               be
               greenish
               and
               well
               approaching
               to
               that
               of
               Sea-water
               .
               Afterwards
               we
               found
               the
               Water
               of
               all
               the
               Lakes
               and
               Rivers
               near
               the
               Alpes
               to
               be
               of
               the
               same
               colour
               ,
               at
               which
               we
               were
               not
               a
               little
               surprised
               .
               For
               we
               were
               wont
               to
               attribute
               that
               colour
               in
               the
               Sea-water
               to
               the
               mixture
               of
               Salt
               that
               is
               in
               it
               ,
               whereas
               the
               Water
               of
               these
               Lakes
               and
               Rivers
               discovers
               to
               the
               Tast
               nothing
               of
               Salt
               or
               brackish
               .
               But
               afterwards
               considering
               that
               these
               Waters
               did
               consist
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               Snow
               dissolved
               ;
               and
               that
               Snow
               is
               supposed
               to
               contein
               good
               store
               of
               nitrous
               Salt
               ,
               we
               thought
               it
               not
               altogether
               improbable
               
               that
               this
               Colour
               may
               be
               owing
               to
               the
               nitrous
               Particles
               remaining
               in
               the
               Water
               ,
               though
               they
               be
               not
               copious
               enough
               to
               affect
               our
               Tast
               ;
               and
               it
               would
               be
               worth
               the
               while
               to
               distil
               good
               quantities
               of
               this
               Water
               ,
               to
               see
               whether
               it
               would
               leave
               any
               Salt
               behind
               .
            
             
               That
               these
               Lakes
               and
               Rivers
               do
               consist
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               Snow-water
               it
               is
               manifest
               ,
               for
               that
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               (
               excepting
               the
               lower
               parts
               of
               them
               )
               no
               Rain
               falls
               in
               Winter-time
               ,
               but
               only
               Snow
               ,
               with
               which
               the
               higher
               parts
               of
               them
               are
               covered
               to
               a
               great
               thickness
               for
               at
               least
               six
               moneths
               in
               the
               year
               ;
               and
               for
               that
               the
               Rivers
               that
               flow
               from
               the
               Alpes
               run
               lowest
               in
               Winter
               ,
               and
               abound
               most
               with
               Water
               in
               the
               Summer-time
               ;
               so
               that
               sometimes
               they
               overflow
               their
               Banks
               in
               the
               hottest
               moneths
               of
               the
               year
               ,
               and
               when
               no
               Rain
               falls
               ▪
               as
               my self
               can
               testifie
               concerning
               the
               River
               Rhodanus
               ;
               because
               the
               Sun
               at
               the
               season
               melts
               the
               Snow
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               .
               Hence
               it
               appears
               ,
               that
               their
               Opinion
               was
               not
               so
               absurd
               who
               attributed
               the
               yearly
               Increase
               and
               Overflowing
               of
               the
               River
               Nilus
               to
               the
               dissolution
               of
               the
               Snow
               upon
               those
               Mountains
               where
               it
               hath
               its
               first
               Rise
               .
               Though
               I
               do
               not
               think
               this
               to
               be
               the
               true
               Cause
               ,
               partly
               because
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Earth
               where
               those
               Mountains
               lie
               is
               so
               hot
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               Situation
               under
               the
               direct
               and
               sometimes
               perpendicular
               Beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               that
               it
               's
               not
               likely
               any
               Snow
               should
               fall
               ,
               much
               less
               lie
               there
               :
               chiefly
               because
               Travellers
               generally
               agree
               ,
               that
               in
               most
               parts
               of
               that
               Climate
               where
               those
               Mountains
               lie
               ,
               there
               are
               at
               that
               time
               of
               the
               year
               great
               falls
               of
               Rain
               ,
               to
               which
               therefore
               the
               Overflowing
               of
               Nilus
               is
               more
               probably
               attributed
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               of
               this
               City
               is
               by
               a
               greater
               and
               a
               lesser
               Council
               .
               The
               lesser
               Council
               consists
               of
               50
               ,
               viz.
               24
               Tribunes
               or
               Masters
               of
               the
               Companies
               chosen
               by
               the
               twelve
               Tribes
               or
               Companies
               ,
               into
               which
               the
               City
               is
               divided
               ,
               two
               by
               each
               Company
               .
               
               These
               24
               are
               called
               Zwelvers
               because
               twelve
               of
               them
               only
               are
               regent
               at
               once
               .
               Twelve
               Senators
               ,
               chosen
               out
               of
               the
               Companies
               ,
               one
               out
               of
               each
               Company
               by
               the
               greater
               Council
               according
               to
               our
               Information
               ,
               according
               to
               Simler
               by
               the
               lesser
               .
               Six
               ,
               elected
               by
               the
               same
               greater
               Council
               as
               we
               were
               informed
               ,
               but
               according
               to
               Simler
               by
               the
               lesser
               ,
               out
               of
               the
               People
               indifferently
               where
               they
               please
               ;
               four
               
                 Tribuni
                 nobilium
              
               chosen
               by
               the
               Gentlemen
               ;
               two
               
                 Senatores
                 nobilium
              
               ;
               and
               two
               Burgomasters
               or
               Consuls
               chosen
               by
               the
               Council
               of
               200.
               
               The
               Consuls
               and
               half
               this
               Council
               rule
               by
               turns
               ,
               viz.
               12
               Zwelvers
               and
               12
               Senators
               with
               one
               Consul
               one
               half
               year
               and
               the
               other
               half
               the
               next
               ;
               and
               this
               half
               that
               rules
               is
               called
               
                 Concilium
                 novum
              
               .
               All
               the
               50
               meet
               every
               week
               ,
               and
               if
               any
               Decree
               be
               to
               be
               made
               ,
               it
               is
               dated
               in
               the
               presence
               of
               the
               
                 Concilium
                 novum
                 &
                 vetus
              
               .
               All
               the
               50
               hear
               Civil
               Causes
               ,
               Simler
               saith
               eight
               chosen
               by
               the
               50
               ;
               and
               the
               
                 Concilium
                 novum
              
               judge
               in
               Criminals
               alone
               .
               The
               greater
               Council
               consists
               of
               200
               ,
               viz.
               144
               elected
               out
               of
               the
               Tribes
               ,
               twelve
               out
               of
               each
               Tribe
               ;
               18
               chosen
               by
               the
               Noblemen
               among
               themselves
               ;
               24
               Zwelvers
               ;
               4
               
                 Tribuni
                 nobilium
              
               ;
               2
               
                 Senatores
                 nobilium
              
               ;
               the
               6
               elected
               indifferently
               ,
               and
               the
               two
               Burgomasters
               .
               Why
               the
               twelve
               chosen
               by
               the
               greater
               Council
               should
               be
               left
               out
               ,
               we
               know
               not
               ,
               and
               therefore
               suspect
               our
               Information
               was
               not
               good
               about
               the
               making
               up
               the
               great
               Council
               ;
               but
               of
               the
               12
               out
               of
               each
               Tribe
               ,
               and
               18
               out
               of
               the
               Noblemen
               we
               are
               sure
               .
               This
               great
               Council
               chuses
               Land●voghts
               ,
               and
               assembles
               upon
               important
               occasions
               that
               concern
               the
               whole
               Common-wealth
               .
               They
               elect
               four
               Stadthalters
               or
               Proconsuls
               out
               of
               the
               24
               Masters
               of
               the
               Companies
               ;
               two
               Sekelmasters
               or
               Treasurers
               either
               out
               of
               the
               twelve
               Senators
               of
               the
               Companies
               or
               the
               twelve
               Tribunes
               of
               the
               
                 Concilium
                 novum
              
               .
               Half
               the
               lesser
               Council
               is
               chosen
               every
               half
               year
               at
               Christmas
               and
               Midsummer
               .
               The
               
                 Concilium
                 vetus
              
               goes
               out
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               
                 Concilium
                 
                 novum
              
               becomes
               vetus
               ,
               and
               chuses
               a
               new
               
                 Concilium
                 novum
              
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               most
               part
               the
               same
               are
               chosen
               again
               .
            
             
               Aug.
               12.
               from
               Zurich
               we
               travelled
               to
               Schaffhaussen
               ,
               
               passing
               by
               a
               great
               Cascate
               or
               Catarract
               of
               the
               River
               Rhene
               called
               Wasserfall
               ;
               near
               to
               which
               we
               first
               observed
               
                 Orobus
                 sylvaticus
                 purpureus
                 vernus
              
               and
               
                 Hepatica
                 nobilis
              
               growing
               wild
               .
               This
               Journey
               we
               also
               found
               
                 Vlmaria
                 major
                 sive
                 Barba
                 capri
              
               by
               a
               little
               Bridge
               not
               far
               from
               Schaffhaussen
               .
            
             
               Schaffhaussen
               is
               seated
               upon
               the
               River
               Rhene
               ,
               over
               which
               there
               is
               here
               a
               Bridge
               ,
               part
               of
               Wood
               and
               part
               of
               Stone
               .
               All
               Boats
               or
               Flotes
               that
               come
               down
               the
               River
               must
               here
               unload
               ,
               there
               being
               no
               passing
               further
               by
               reason
               of
               great
               Stones
               in
               the
               Chanel
               ,
               and
               the
               precipitious
               Descent
               of
               the
               water
               at
               Wasserfall
               .
               This
               Town
               is
               well-built
               ,
               (
               the
               Houses
               being
               most
               of
               Stone
               )
               walled
               about
               and
               intrencht
               .
               It
               hath
               two
               fair
               Streets
               handsomly
               paved
               ,
               besides
               many
               other
               small
               ones
               .
               Here
               as
               at
               Zurich
               ,
               the
               Citizens
               when
               they
               walk
               abroad
               wear
               their
               Swords
               .
               As
               to
               the
               Civil
               Government
               ,
               the
               Citizens
               are
               divided
               into
               twelve
               Tribes
               or
               Companies
               .
               Each
               Tribe
               chuses
               two
               
                 Tribuni
                 Plebis
              
               ,
               and
               these
               24
               make
               the
               lesser
               or
               ordinary
               Council
               .
               The
               great
               Council
               consists
               of
               these
               and
               sixty
               more
               ,
               chosen
               also
               by
               the
               Companies
               ,
               each
               Company
               chusing
               five
               .
               The
               Father
               and
               Son
               ,
               or
               two
               Brothers
               cannot
               be
               together
               of
               the
               Council
               .
               By
               the
               greater
               Council
               are
               chosen
               yearly
               two
               Consuls
               or
               Burgomasters
               ,
               two
               Quaestors
               ,
               one
               Proconsul
               ,
               and
               one
               Aedilis
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               most
               part
               they
               chuse
               the
               same
               .
               All
               Causes
               Civil
               and
               Criminal
               are
               tried
               before
               the
               lesser
               Council
               .
               Every
               one
               of
               the
               twenty
               four
               hath
               52
               Florens
               and
               ●
               
                 modii
                 frumenti
              
               allowed
               him
               yearly
               .
            
             
               Aug.
               13.
               we
               rode
               to
               Constance
               .
               
               By
               the
               way
               we
               found
               
                 Horminum
                 luteum
                 glutinosum
                 sive
                 Colus
                 Jovis
                 ,
              
               and
               in
               a
               Wood
               upon
               a
               Mountain
               
                 Pyrolafolio
                 mucronato
                 
                 serrato
                 ,
                 Pseudoasphodelus
                 Alpinus
                 ,
                 Anonymus
                 flore
                 Coluteae
                 ,
                 &
                 Sonchus
                 caeruleus
                 latifolius
                 .
                 Constance
              
               is
               an
               Imperial
               City
               pleasantly
               situate
               in
               a
               fair
               Level
               by
               the
               Rhene
               side
               ,
               
               and
               at
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Bodenzee
               or
               Lake
               of
               Constance
               ,
               called
               antiently
               
                 Lacus
                 Brigantinus
              
               and
               
                 Lacus
                 Acronius
              
               .
               There
               is
               a
               long
               Bridge
               over
               the
               River
               or
               Lake
               ,
               made
               part
               of
               Wood
               and
               part
               of
               Stone
               .
               The
               Streets
               of
               the
               City
               are
               fair
               ,
               and
               the
               Buildings
               of
               Stone
               .
               The
               Council
               that
               was
               held
               here
               
                 Anno
                 Dom.
              
               1417.
               at
               which
               
                 John
                 Hus
              
               was
               condemned
               hath
               made
               this
               place
               well
               known
               .
               For
               what
               end
               this
               Council
               was
               assembled
               and
               what
               they
               did
               ,
               the
               following
               Inscription
               on
               the
               Council-house
               will
               acquaint
               the
               Reader
               :
               
                 Gaude
                 clara
                 Domus
                 ,
                 pacem
                 populo
                 generâsti
                 
                 Christicolae
                 ,
                 dum
                 Pontifices
                 tres
                 Sohismate
                 vexant
                 ;
                 
                 Tunc
                 omnes
                 abigit
                 Synodus
                 quam
                 tu
                 tenuisti
                 .
                 
                 Ipse
                 sedem
                 scandit
                 Martinus
                 nomine
                 quintus
                 
                 Dam
                 quadringentos
                 numerant
                 post
                 mille
                 Salutis
                 
                 Festo
                 Martini
                 decem
                 &
                 septem
                 simul
                 annos
                 .
                 
              
            
             
               This
               Town
               is
               also
               famous
               for
               the
               Resistance
               it
               made
               to
               the
               Suedish
               Forces
               commanded
               by
               Horn
               ,
               besieging
               of
               it
               Anno
               1598.
               vid.
               Galeazzo
               .
            
             
               Yet
               it
               seemed
               to
               me
               but
               slenderly
               fortified
               ,
               having
               toward
               the
               Water
               only
               a
               Wall
               ,
               and
               toward
               the
               Land
               an
               earthen
               Rampart
               or
               Wall
               and
               Ditch
               drawn
               at
               a
               good
               distance
               from
               the
               Stone-Wall
               .
               It
               hath
               indeed
               advantage
               by
               its
               Situation
               ,
               having
               a
               Lake
               on
               one
               side
               and
               a
               fenny
               Level
               on
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               Aug.
               15.
               we
               took
               Boat
               ,
               and
               crossed
               the
               Bodenzee
               from
               Constance
               over
               to
               Lindaw
               ,
               
               and
               by
               the
               way
               had
               a
               fair
               Prospect
               of
               the
               strong
               Town
               of
               
                 Oberlingen
                 .
                 Lindaw
              
               standeth
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Lake
               environ'd
               with
               Water
               .
               It
               is
               joined
               to
               the
               Land
               by
               a
               Bridge
               of
               290
               paces
               ,
               one
               half
               of
               it
               being
               Stone
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               (
               that
               is
               that
               next
               the
               Town
               )
               Wood
               ,
               
               which
               may
               upon
               occasion
               easily
               be
               taken
               down
               and
               removed
               .
               This
               City
               besides
               its
               natural
               Strength
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               Situation
               ,
               is
               also
               artificially
               fortified
               with
               stout
               Walls
               and
               Bulwarks
               standing
               in
               the
               Water
               ,
               that
               side
               most
               which
               is
               nearest
               the
               Land.
               On
               that
               side
               toward
               the
               Lake
               are
               many
               Rows
               of
               great
               Stakes
               driven
               into
               the
               ground
               ,
               to
               hinder
               the
               approach
               of
               any
               Boat
               or
               Vessel
               to
               the
               Town
               .
               So
               that
               a
               man
               would
               think
               this
               place
               impregnable
               .
               The
               Streets
               and
               Houses
               are
               not
               so
               spatious
               and
               fair
               as
               those
               of
               Constance
               ,
               yet
               proper
               enough
               :
               Several
               Fountains
               also
               there
               are
               in
               the
               Streets
               .
               Towards
               the
               Bodenzee
               are
               two
               Walls
               ,
               and
               between
               the
               Walls
               a
               large
               vacant
               space
               of
               Land
               wherein
               Vineyards
               are
               planted
               ,
               of
               the
               Grapes
               whereof
               are
               said
               to
               be
               made
               yearly
               100
               Fudders
               ,
               that
               is
               300
               English
               Hogsheads
               of
               Wine
               .
               Eight
               Villages
               belong
               to
               this
               City
               ,
               their
               Territory
               extending
               about
               three
               hours
               .
            
             
               For
               Plants
               we
               found
               not
               far
               from
               Lindaw
               in
               the
               mountainous
               Woods
               ,
               
                 Erica
                 procumbens
                 herbacea
                 ,
                 Scahiosa
                 latifolia
                 rubro
                 flore
                 ,
                 Gentiana
                 Asclepiadis
                 folio
                 ,
              
               and
               in
               the
               moister
               places
               
                 Vlmaria
                 major
                 sive
                 Barba
                 capri
                 ,
                 &
                 Lactuca
                 montana
                 purpuro-caerulea
                 major
              
               C.
               B.
               In
               the
               moist
               Meadows
               Pneumonanthe
               plentifully
               .
               On
               the
               Banks
               of
               a
               small
               River
               running
               into
               the
               Bodenzee
               near
               
                 Lindaw
                 ,
                 Myrica
                 sylv
                 .
                 altera
                 Clus
                 .
              
               In
               the
               moist
               and
               fenny
               places
               near
               the
               Lake
               both
               here
               and
               at
               
                 Constance
                 ,
                 Gratiola
                 vulgaris
              
               plentifully
               .
            
             
               Aug.
               17.
               we
               rode
               Post
               from
               Constance
               toward
               Munchen
               in
               Bavaria
               .
               The
               several
               Stages
               where
               we
               changed
               Horses
               were
               (
               1.
               )
               Wangen
               a
               small
               Imperial
               Town
               ,
               
               two
               miles
               distant
               from
               Lindaw
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               Laykirk
               ,
               
               another
               small
               Imperial
               Town
               ,
               two
               miles
               further
               on
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               Memmingen
               ,
               
               a
               free
               City
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               the
               chiefest
               of
               Suevia
               both
               for
               Greatness
               and
               Strength
               .
               The
               Streets
               are
               broad
               ,
               Water
               running
               through
               them
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               Mundelheim
               a
               small
               Town
               under
               the
               Duke
               of
               Bavaria
               ,
               
               where
               we
               lodged
               .
               (
               5.
               )
               Lansberg
               ,
               
               a
               pretty
               Town
               ,
               
               with
               a
               handsom
               Fountain
               in
               the
               Market-place
               built
               in
               1663.
               four
               German
               miles
               from
               Mundelheim
               .
               From
               hence
               we
               rode
               through
               no
               considerable
               Town
               till
               we
               came
               to
               Munchen
               ,
               passing
               by
               the
               Ammerzee
               ,
               
               a
               great
               Lake
               about
               three
               German
               miles
               in
               length
               ,
               where
               we
               had
               the
               Alps
               or
               some
               very
               high
               Mountains
               in
               Prospect
               .
            
             
               All
               Strangers
               that
               enter
               Munchen
               
               are
               first
               strictly
               examined
               at
               the
               Gate
               ,
               their
               Names
               sent
               in
               to
               the
               the
               Governour
               ,
               and
               they
               deteined
               till
               the
               return
               of
               the
               Messenger
               with
               leave
               for
               their
               Admission
               .
               This
               City
               is
               very
               strongly
               walled
               and
               fortified
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               bigness
               of
               it
               is
               the
               most
               splendid
               and
               beautiful
               place
               we
               have
               seen
               in
               all
               Germany
               ,
               so
               that
               well
               might
               Cluverius
               term
               it
               
                 omnium
                 Germanicarum
                 pulcherrimam
              
               .
               The
               Streets
               are
               broad
               and
               streight
               ,
               adorned
               with
               sumptuous
               Churches
               and
               Cloisters
               ,
               and
               stately
               Houses
               .
               Above
               all
               the
               Dukes
               Palace
               deserves
               Respect
               ,
               not
               to
               say
               Admiration
               ,
               it
               being
               the
               most
               magnificent
               and
               sumptuous
               Edifice
               for
               a
               House
               ,
               that
               we
               have
               any
               where
               hitherto
               seen
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               .
               In
               the
               great
               Garden
               of
               this
               Palace
               we
               saw
               many
               rare
               Plants
               ,
               among
               the
               rest
               we
               especially
               took
               notice
               of
               the
               Aloe-trees
               (
               for
               so
               I
               may
               well
               call
               them
               for
               the
               Greatness
               and
               Highth
               of
               their
               Stalks
               which
               shoot
               up
               in
               one
               year
               )
               of
               which
               there
               were
               more
               ,
               I
               verlly
               think
               ,
               in
               this
               one
               Garden
               than
               in
               all
               Europe
               besides
               ;
               I
               mean
               of
               such
               as
               came
               to
               Stalk
               and
               Flower
               .
               In
               this
               City
               so
               far
               remote
               from
               our
               native
               Countrey
               it
               seemed
               strange
               to
               us
               to
               find
               a
               Cloister
               of
               English
               Nuns
               .
               We
               thought
               it
               worth
               noting
               that
               the
               Bodies
               of
               the
               Churches
               here
               are
               filled
               with
               Pews
               and
               Seats
               ,
               as
               ours
               in
               England
               ,
               whereas
               generally
               in
               the
               Churches
               of
               the
               
               Roman-Catholics
               there
               are
               no
               fixed
               Seats
               ,
               or
               but
               very
               few
               ;
               the
               People
               either
               standing
               to
               hear
               their
               Sormons
               ,
               or
               sitting
               on
               moveable
               Benches
               and
               Stools
               ;
               that
               so
               when
               the
               Sermon
               is
               ended
               the
               Body
               of
               the
               Church
               may
               be
               again
               cleared
               .
               Having
               viewed
               
               Munchen
               ,
               the
               nearness
               of
               Augsburgh
               invited
               us
               thither
               ,
               where
               we
               arrived
               August
               21.
               having
               passed
               by
               the
               way
               a
               pleasant
               little
               Town
               belonging
               to
               an
               Abby
               of
               Bernardines
               called
               Pruck
               ;
               and
               after
               that
               a
               little
               walled
               Town
               seated
               on
               a
               Hill
               ,
               called
               Fridberg
               .
            
             
               Augsburgh
               is
               a
               great
               City
               about
               eight
               miles
               in
               Compass
               ,
               
               well
               walled
               and
               trenched
               about
               ,
               standing
               upon
               the
               River
               Lech
               ;
               The
               Houses
               for
               the
               most
               part
               well-built
               ,
               the
               Streets
               adorned
               with
               several
               stately
               Fountains
               :
               The
               Armory
               comparable
               to
               that
               of
               Strasburgh
               ,
               consisting
               of
               twelve
               Rooms
               filled
               with
               Arms
               and
               Weapons
               of
               all
               sorts
               ;
               The
               Stadthouse
               next
               to
               that
               of
               Amsterdam
               the
               fairest
               and
               most
               stately
               of
               any
               we
               have
               yet
               seen
               ;
               in
               which
               there
               is
               one
               upper
               Room
               or
               Chamber
               very
               large
               and
               high-rooft
               ,
               paved
               with
               Marble
               ,
               richly
               gilt
               and
               painted
               both
               Roof
               and
               Walls
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               respects
               scarce
               to
               be
               parallel'd
               .
               The
               Citizens
               are
               divided
               between
               Papists
               and
               Lutherans
               ,
               these
               latter
               being
               esteemed
               double
               the
               number
               of
               the
               former
               ;
               yet
               have
               they
               seven
               Cloisters
               of
               Men
               and
               five
               of
               Women
               ,
               whereof
               one
               English
               .
               Very
               few
               Reformed
               here
               .
               This
               is
               a
               free
               City
               of
               the
               Empire
               and
               governed
               by
               its
               own
               Magistrates
               .
               It
               seems
               to
               me
               at
               present
               for
               the
               bigness
               not
               very
               populous
               ,
               and
               is
               ,
               I
               believe
               ,
               somewhat
               decayed
               ,
               and
               short
               of
               what
               it
               hath
               been
               ,
               both
               as
               to
               Riches
               and
               Multitude
               of
               Inhabitants
               :
               which
               may
               be
               attributed
               to
               the
               Losses
               and
               Injuries
               i●
               susteined
               in
               the
               late
               Wars
               .
               In
               a
               large
               Plain
               not
               far
               from
               Augsburgh
               ,
               over
               which
               you
               pass
               going
               thence
               to
               Munchen
               ,
               we
               observed
               many
               rare
               Plants
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Tithymalus
                 verrucosus
                 ,
                 Trifolium
                 pratense
                 album
                 à
                 Fuchsio
                 depictum
                 sive
                 mas
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Pseudo-asphodelus
                 Alpinus
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Thlaspi
                 clypeatum
                 asperifolium
                 seu
                 biscutatum
                 ;
                 Horminum
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolium
              
               Ger.
               
                 Phalangium
                 parvo
                 flore
                 non
                 ramosum
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Carlina
                 herbariorum
              
               Lob.
               
                 Ge●tianella
                 Autumnalis
                 flore
                 caruleo
                 quinquefolio
                 ,
                 calyce
                 pentagono
                 grandi
                 .
              
               Floris
               tubus
               è
               calyce
               non
               eminet
               ,
               
               ut
               in
               hujus
               generis
               aliis
               ;
               sed
               folia
               tantùm
               expanduntur
               supra
               margines
               calycis
               ,
               ut
               in
               Caryophyllis
               .
               
                 Gentianellae
                 species
                 minima
                 flore
                 unico
                 caeruleo
                 elegantissimo
                 ,
              
               an
               minima
               Bavarica
               ?
               
                 Linum
                 sylvestre
                 latifolium
                 caule
                 viscoso
                 flore
                 rubro
              
               C.
               B.
               fortè
               .
               Folia
               habet
               pilosa
               ,
               acuminata
               ,
               modicè
               lata
               ,
               nervis
               quinque
               per
               longitudinem
               decurrentibus
               ,
               longitudine
               foliorum
               Lini
               :
               flos
               quinquefolius
               ,
               coloris
               incarnati
               ,
               ut
               vocant
               ,
               saturatioribus
               &
               velut
               sanguineis
               lineolis
               striatus
               ;
               Radix
               lignosa
               est
               ,
               &
               per
               plures
               annos
               durare
               videtur
               .
               
                 Cirsii
                 seu
                 cardui
                 duae
                 species
              
               :
               Priori
               flos
               Cirsii
               nostri
               Anglicani
               flori
               simillimus
               ,
               &
               in
               uno
               caule
               plerunque
               unicus
               ;
               verùm
               folia
               pallidè
               sunt
               viridia
               ,
               profundè
               laciniata
               &
               spinulis
               horrida
               ;
               ad
               modum
               ferè
               Cardui
               viarum
               vulgatissimi
               :
               Alteri
               ,
               quae
               jam
               defloruerat
               ,
               folia
               viridia
               ,
               non
               laciniata
               ,
               breviora
               &
               latiora
               quàm
               praecedenti
               ,
               in
               ambitu
               spinosa
               ,
               &
               Hyoseris
               masculi
               foliis
               figurâ
               suâ
               nonnihil
               similia
               .
               
                 Saxifraga
                 Venetorum
                 ,
                 Daucus
                 montanus
                 Apii
                 foliis
                 ,
                 flore
                 luteo
              
               ;
               Another
               sort
               of
               umbelliferous
               Plant
               very
               like
               to
               the
               Figure
               of
               
                 Caucalis
                 Peucedani
                 folio
                 ;
                 Lotus
                 siliquosa
                 lutea
                 Monspeliensis
              
               J.
               B.
               near
               the
               River
               Lech
               ,
               as
               also
               
                 Bellis
                 caerulea
                 Monspeliaca
              
               Ger.
               
                 Dory●nio
                 congener
                 planta
                 ;
                 Thalictrum
                 angustissimo
                 folio
                 .
              
               By
               the
               way-side
               near
               the
               City
               in
               sandy
               Ground
               
                 Rhamnus
                 primus
                 Diascoridis
              
               ;
               and
               all
               about
               in
               stony
               places
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 gramineo
                 folio
                 minimus
              
               ;
               not
               to
               mention
               those
               that
               we
               had
               elsewhere
               seen
               ,
               
                 v.
                 g.
                 Aster
                 Atticus
                 Italorum
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 ;
                 Mezereon
                 Germanicum
                 ,
                 Asclepias
                 flore
                 albo
                 ,
                 Anonymus
                 flore
                 Coluteae
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               Aug.
               28.
               we
               departed
               from
               Augsburgh
               ,
               and
               being
               loth
               to
               leave
               behind
               us
               unseen
               so
               considerable
               a
               City
               as
               Nurenberg
               ,
               which
               Cluver
               calls
               
                 Germanicarum
                 superbissimam
              
               ,
               we
               bestowed
               three
               days
               on
               a
               Journey
               almost
               directly
               backwards
               to
               see
               it
               .
               The
               first
               day
               ,
               after
               the
               Riding
               of
               six
               German
               miles
               we
               crossed
               the
               Danow
               over
               a
               Wooden
               Bridge
               to
               Donavert
               ,
               
               a
               prett●
               
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Bavaria
               ,
               where
               we
               lodged
               .
               The
               second
               being
               the
               29.
               of
               August
               we
               passed
               through
               two
               walled
               Towns
               ,
               
               
                 viz.
                 Monhaim
              
               and
               Papenhaim
               ,
               
               and
               lodged
               at
               Weissenbergh
               an
               Imperial
               Town
               of
               some
               note
               ,
               the
               Inhabitants
               whereof
               are
               all
               Lutherans
               ,
               
               it
               is
               ●ive
               miles
               distant
               from
               Donavert
               .
               Nigh
               this
               Town
               is
               a
               strong
               Fort
               built
               upon
               a
               Hill
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               Marquess
               of
               Anspach
               ,
               who
               is
               also
               a
               Lutheran
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               day
               being
               the
               thirtieth
               ,
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               small
               walled
               Town
               called
               Pleinfeldt
               ,
               
               and
               at
               three
               miles
               distance
               we
               rode
               close
               beside
               another
               walled
               Town
               called
               Rotte
               ,
               
               under
               the
               Marquess
               of
               Anspach
               ,
               and
               after
               two
               hours
               riding
               more
               through
               Woods
               of
               Pine
               ,
               we
               arrived
               at
               Nurenberg
               ,
               
               which
               City
               we
               found
               to
               answer
               if
               not
               exceed
               our
               Expectation
               ;
               it
               being
               the
               most
               stately
               and
               best
               built
               that
               we
               have
               seen
               in
               Germany
               .
               The
               Houses
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               Free-Stone
               ,
               and
               were
               they
               but
               as
               uniform
               as
               those
               of
               the
               
               Low-Countrey-Towns
               ,
               Nurenberg
               would
               not
               for
               Beauty
               give
               place
               to
               any
               of
               them
               .
               Besides
               it
               is
               rich
               ,
               populous
               ,
               and
               for
               bigness
               I
               think
               not
               inferiour
               to
               the
               best
               in
               Germany
               ,
               though
               I
               am
               not
               ignorant
               that
               in
               this
               last
               respect
               some
               give
               Collen
               ,
               some
               Erfurt
               the
               Preeminence
               .
               It
               hath
               under
               it
               a
               large
               Territory
               ,
               comprehending
               above
               100
               Towns
               and
               Villages
               .
               The
               Countrey
               round
               about
               is
               barren
               and
               sandy
               ▪
               and
               the
               City
               far
               distant
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               standing
               upon
               but
               a
               small
               River
               ;
               notwithstanding
               which
               Disadvantages
               ,
               by
               the
               Industry
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               it
               is
               become
               one
               of
               the
               best
               traded
               and
               most
               potent
               Towns
               in
               Germany
               .
               The
               Inhabitants
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               Lutherans
               ;
               they
               seemed
               to
               us
               in
               the
               Ornaments
               of
               their
               Churches
               and
               manner
               of
               their
               Worship
               more
               to
               symbolize
               with
               the
               Roman-Catholics
               than
               any
               other
               People
               of
               that
               Profession
               we
               had
               then
               observed
               .
               The
               Papists
               are
               allowed
               a
               small
               Church
               within
               the
               Walls
               ,
               but
               the
               Reformed
               none
               .
               The
               great
               Piazza
               ,
               the
               
               Stadt-house
               and
               other
               public
               Buildings
               deserve
               remembrance
               .
               This
               Town
               wants
               not
               for
               Walls
               and
               Ditches
               ,
               being
               every
               way
               well
               fenced
               and
               fortified
               .
               Finally
               ,
               it
               is
               an
               Imperial
               City
               or
               Free
               Common-wealth
               ,
               being
               governed
               by
               a
               Senate
               and
               Magistrates
               of
               its
               own
               :
               but
               of
               the
               Model
               or
               Form
               of
               Government
               for
               want
               of
               good
               Acquaintance
               ,
               we
               could
               not
               get
               a
               perfect
               account
               .
            
             
               
                 As
                 for
                 Plants
                 ,
                 we
                 found
                 no
                 great
                 variety
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 we
                 came
                 from
              
               Augsburgh
               ,
               
                 we
                 observed
                 in
                 several
                 Woods
                 near
              
               Papenhaim
               ,
               Caryophyllus
               flore
               tenuissimè
               dissecto
               
                 C.
                 B.
                 Not
                 far
                 from
              
               Weissenberg
               ,
               Draba
               lutea
               siliquis
               strictissimis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Gentianula
               lanugine
               ad
               singulorum
               foliorum
               lacinias
               donata
               ,
               flore
               quadripartito
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Buglossum
               angustifolium
               ,
               Cytisus
               Gesneri
               cui
               flores
               ferè
               spicati
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 and
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Plant
                 like
                 to
                 our
              
               Meadow
               Saxifrage
               ,
               
                 but
                 taller
                 and
                 larger
                 ,
                 An
              
               Seseli
               pratense
               Lob.
               ?
            
             
               
                 September
                 3.
              
               from
               Nurenberg
               we
               began
               our
               Journey
               to
               Ratisbone
               or
               Regensberg
               .
               This
               day
               we
               proceeded
               no
               further
               than
               Aldtdorf
               ,
               a
               little
               walled
               Town
               and
               an
               University
               belonging
               to
               the
               Nurenbergers
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               a
               pretty
               Physic-Garden
               .
               This
               Inscription
               in
               a
               Cloister
               in
               the
               College
               conteins
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Founding
               of
               this
               University
               .
            
             
               Hoc
               Pietatìs
               &
               Doctrinarum
               omnium
               laudandum
               Domicilium
               inclytus
               
                 Senatus
                 Noriberg
              
               .
               liberaliter
               extrui
               curavit
               die
               quae
               BB.
               
                 Petro
                 &
                 Paulo
              
               sacra
               ;
               inauguravit
               &
               publicavit
               ,
               Anno
               Salutis
               MDLXXV
               .
               imperante
               
                 D.
                 Maximiliano
                 II.
                 Caes
                 .
                 Aug.
                 PP
                 .
              
               Curatoribus
               Eccles
               .
               &
               Scholarum
               
                 Georgio
                 Volcomero
                 ,
                 Philippo
                 Geudero
                 ,
                 &
                 Hieronymo
                 Baumgraffnero
                 ,
              
               Oppidique
               Praefecto
               
                 Balthasare
                 Baumgraffnero
              
               .
               Ades
               ô
               Deus
               &
               piis
               conatibus
               volens
               propitius
               fave
               ,
               ut
               certè
               favor
               exinde
               numinis
               eluxit
               ,
               dum
               Anno
               quidem
               MDLXXVIII
               .
               subscribente
               votis
               landatissimi
               Senatûs
               autoritate
               &
               clementiâ
               augustissimi
               &
               invictissimi
               
               Imperatoris
               
                 Rudolphi
                 II.
              
               Curatoribus
               
                 Hieronymo
                 Baumgraffnero
                 ,
                 Vilibaldo
                 Schlisselfeldero
                 ,
                 Bartholomaeo
                 Poemero
                 &
                 Julio
                 Geudero
              
               in
               culmen
               Academiae
               Gymnasium
               evexit
               :
               tandemque
               Anno
               Aerae
               
                 Christianae
                 MDCXXIII
              
               .
               ejusdem
               Senatûs
               desiderium
               sanctissimum
               prosperante
               divinitus
               amplissimâ
               indulgentiâ
               sacratissimi
               Caesaris
               Augusti
               
                 D.
                 Ferdinandi
                 II.
              
               Scholarchis
               
                 Christophoro
                 Furero
                 ,
                 Georgio
                 Christ
                 .
                 Volcomero
                 ,
                 Udalrico
                 Grundero
                 &
                 Carolo
                 Schlifselfeldero
                 Universitatis
              
               titulo
               privilegiisque
               perbeavit
               .
               Fac
               proprium
               hoc
               nobis
               bonum
               ,
               ô
               Fons
               aeterne
               boni
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               College
               are
               mainteined
               36
               Students
               at
               the
               Charges
               of
               the
               City
               of
               Nurenberg
               ,
               which
               also
               pays
               the
               Professors
               their
               Stipends
               .
               The
               Degrees
               conferred
               here
               are
               Doctor
               of
               Law
               ,
               Physic
               and
               Poetry
               ,
               Batchelour
               of
               Divinity
               and
               Master
               of
               Arts.
               As
               for
               Plants
               there
               is
               a
               double
               Catalogue
               put
               out
               by
               Dr.
               
                 Mauritius
                 Hofman
              
               :
               one
               of
               such
               as
               are
               nursed
               up
               and
               preserved
               in
               the
               Physic-Garden
               :
               the
               other
               of
               such
               as
               grow
               wild
               near
               the
               Town
               ;
               in
               the
               composing
               of
               which
               he
               seems
               to
               have
               taken
               much
               pains
               ,
               so
               that
               I
               believe
               this
               Catalogue
               is
               very
               full
               and
               exact
               .
            
             
               Dr.
               Hofman
               shewed
               us
               several
               
                 Cornua
                 Ammonis
              
               ,
               or
               Serpent-Stones
               and
               some
               petrified
               Cochle
               and
               Muscle-shells
               found
               in
               the
               Fields
               and
               Hop-Gardens
               near
               Altdorf
               ,
               of
               which
               we
               our selves
               the
               day
               following
               as
               we
               travelled
               from
               thence
               to
               Nieumarkt
               ,
               in
               some
               fields
               we
               passed
               through
               ,
               observed
               ,
               and
               gathered
               up
               good
               store
               .
               Of
               these
               kinds
               of
               Bodies
               ,
               I
               shall
               here
               take
               leave
               by
               way
               of
               digression
               to
               discourse
               a
               little
               :
               And
               first
               I
               shall
               make
               a
               particular
               enumeration
               of
               some
               of
               the
               most
               remarkable
               places
               where
               they
               have
               been
               found
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               England
               as
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               ,
               partly
               of
               my
               own
               Observation
               ,
               partly
               out
               of
               good
               Writers
               .
               Secondly
               ,
               I
               shall
               give
               the
               Opinions
               
               of
               the
               best
               Authors
               concerning
               the
               Original
               and
               Production
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               
               First
               then
               those
               places
               of
               England
               which
               afford
               plenty
               of
               these
               petrified
               Shells
               are
               (
               1.
               )
               Whithy
               or
               Whitebay
               in
               the
               North
               Riding
               of
               York-shire
               ,
               where
               (
               as
               Camden
               relates
               in
               his
               Description
               of
               that
               Country
               )
               Lapides
               
                 inveniuntur
                 serpentum
                 in
                 spiram
                 revolutorum
                 effigie
                 ,
                 naturae
                 ludentis
                 miraculum
                 .
                 —
                 Serpentes
                 olim
                 fuissê
                 crederes
                 quos
                 lapideus
                 cortex
                 intexisset
                 .
              
               Besides
               these
               Serpent-Stones
               which
               he
               alone
               mentions
               ,
               we
               found
               there
               both
               upon
               the
               Shores
               and
               in
               the
               rocky
               Cliffs
               by
               the
               Sea-side
               petrified
               Muscles
               and
               Belemnites
               in
               great
               plenty
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               Huntley-nabb
               ,
               on
               the
               same
               Coast
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               Whitby
               to
               the
               Northwards
               ,
               where
               (
               as
               the
               
                 same
                 Camden
              
               relates
               )
               upon
               the
               Shores
               under
               the
               Cliffs
               lie
               Stones
               
                 varia
                 magnitudine
                 tam
                 affabrè
                 sphaericâ
                 figurâ
                 à
                 natura
                 efformati
                 ,
                 ut
                 globi
                 artificis
                 manu
                 in
                 majorum
                 tormentorum
                 usum
                 tornati
                 videantur
                 .
                 In
                 quibus
                 effractis
                 Inveniuntur
                 Serpentes
                 saxei
                 ,
                 suis
                 spiris
                 revol●●i
                 ,
                 sed
                 qui
                 plerique
                 capitihus
                 destituti
                 .
              
               At
               this
               place
               I
               never
               was
               ,
               but
               upon
               the
               Shore
               at
               Whitby
               ,
               I
               observed
               many
               of
               this
               kind
               of
               Balls
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               Serpent-stones
               crusted
               over
               with
               or
               enclosed
               in
               another
               Stone
               ,
               as
               in
               their
               Case
               or
               Matrix
               ,
               and
               leaving
               therein
               when
               broken
               ,
               their
               Impression
               ,
               but
               none
               of
               that
               exact
               sphaerical
               roundness
               he
               mentions
               ,
               but
               rather
               of
               a
               lenticular
               figure
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               Alderley
               in
               Glocestershire
               mentioned
               by
               the
               same
               Author
               in
               his
               Description
               of
               that
               Country
               .
               
                 Ad
                 fontes
              
               Avon
               fluvioli
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               
                 vix
                 vcto
                 mill
                 .
                 pass
                 .
                 à
                 litore
                 in
                 collibus
                 prope
              
               Alderley
               
                 viculum
                 lapides
                 cochlearum
                 &
                 ostrearum
                 specie
                 enascuntu●
                 ,
                 quae
                 sive
                 viva
                 fuerint
                 aliquando
                 animantia
                 ,
                 sive
                 naturae
                 ludicra
                 quoerant
                 Philosophi
                 naturae
                 venatores
                 .
                 (
                 4.
                 )
                 Kinesham
              
               or
               Cainsham
               in
               Somersetshire
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               Alderley
               ,
               so
               called
               (
               saith
               Camden
               )
               from
               Keina
               a
               holy
               British
               Virgin
               ,
               
                 quam
                 serpentes
                 in
                 lapides
                 mutasse
                 superioris
                 aevi
                 credulitas
                 multis
                 persuasit
                 ,
                 eò
                 quòd
                 ejusmodi
                 Indeulis
                 naturae
                 miracula
                 ibi
                 in
                 latomiis
                 nonnunquam
                 
                 inveniantur
                 ,
                 Vidimus
                 enim
                 lapidem
                 hinc
                 delatum
                 serpentis
                 in
                 spiram
                 revoluti
                 effigie
                 ,
                 cujus
                 caput
                 imperfectius
                 in
                 circumferentia
                 prominuit
                 ,
                 extremâ
                 cauda
                 centrum
                 occupante
                 .
              
               Of
               these
               Serpent-Stones
               we
               saw
               several
               sorts
               here
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               that
               extraordinary
               bigness
               ,
               that
               (
               as
               I
               remember
               )
               they
               were
               about
               a
               Foot
               in
               Diameter
               .
               (
               5.
               )
               Farnham
               in
               Surrey
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               Dr.
               Merret
               in
               his
               Pinax
               .
               (
               6.
               )
               Richmond
               in
               York-shire
               mentioned
               by
               Camden
               .
               Beside
               which
               places
               my self
               and
               Friends
               have
               seen
               and
               gathered
               of
               them
               at
               Lyme
               in
               
                 Dorsetshire
                 ,
                 Adderbury
              
               in
               Oxfordshire
               (
               which
               doubtless
               thence
               had
               its
               name
               )
               about
               five
               miles
               distant
               from
               
                 Banbury
                 ,
                 Bricksworth
              
               in
               Northamptonshire
               ,
               and
               in
               several
               places
               near
               
                 Daventry
                 ,
                 Verulam
              
               in
               
                 Hartfordshire
                 ,
                 Shukborough
              
               in
               Warwickshire
               .
               And
               which
               is
               most
               strange
               ,
               Mr.
               Eyre
               of
               Highlooe
               in
               the
               Peak
               of
               Derbyshire
               shew'd
               us
               a
               great
               lump
               of
               them
               amassed
               together
               by
               a
               Cement
               as
               hard
               as
               Marble
               ,
               found
               in
               that
               mountainous
               Countrey
               ;
               And
               Mr.
               
                 Martin
                 Lister
              
               assures
               us
               that
               there
               are
               store
               of
               them
               found
               in
               Craven
               the
               most
               mountainous
               and
               craggy
               part
               of
               York-shire
               :
               and
               in
               a
               Discourse
               of
               his
               concerning
               them
               ,
               published
               in
               the
               
                 Philosophical
                 Transactions
              
               ,
               Numb
               .
               76.
               pag.
               2283.
               he
               mentions
               for
               them
               Adderton
               in
               York-shire
               ,
               thence
               denominated
               ,
               Wansford
               Bridge
               in
               Northamptonshire
               ,
               and
               Gunthrop
               and
               Beauvoir
               .
               Castle
               in
               Lincoln
               and
               Nottingham-shires
               .
            
             
               Besides
               these
               petrified
               Shells
               there
               are
               found
               in
               several
               places
               of
               England
               other
               congenerous
               Bodies
               ,
               viz.
               
                 Star
                 stones
              
               ,
               by
               some
               called
               Astroites
               ;
               by
               
                 Boetius
                 de
                 Boot
                 ,
                 Asterias
                 vera
                 seu
                 Lapis
                 stellaris
              
               ;
               by
               
                 Gesner
                 ,
                 Sphragis
                 Asteros
              
               ;
               by
               
                 Fer.
                 Imperat.
                 Stella
                 Judaica
              
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               S.
               
               Cuthhert's
               Beads
               or
               Trochites
               and
               (
               3.
               )
               Cap-Stones
               or
               Echinites
               ,
               called
               by
               Naturalists
               
                 Lapides
                 brontioe
              
               .
               Of
               the
               Glossopetrae
               I
               have
               not
               yet
               heard
               that
               there
               have
               been
               any
               found
               in
               England
               ,
               which
               I
               do
               not
               a
               little
               wonder
               at
               ,
               there
               being
               Sharks
               frequently
               taken
               upon
               our
               Coasts
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               Of
               those
               they
               call
               Star-Stones
               (
               because
               they
               run
               out
               into
               five
               Angles
               like
               so
               many
               Rays
               as
               they
               use
               to
               picture
               Stars
               with
               )
               there
               are
               found
               at
               Shukborough
               in
               Warwick-shire
               and
               Cassington
               near
               Glocester
               ,
               where
               we
               also
               have
               gathered
               of
               them
               .
               Camden
               mentions
               a
               third
               place
               ,
               that
               is
               
               Beauvoir-Castle
               in
               
                 Lincolnshire
                 ,
                 sub
                 quo
              
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               
                 inveniuntur
                 Astroites
                 lapides
                 ,
                 qui
                 stellas
                 invicem
                 connexas
                 repraesentant
                 ,
                 in
                 quibus
                 radii
                 eminent
                 singulis
                 angulis
                 quini
                 ,
                 &
                 singulis
                 radiis
                 cavitas
                 media
                 subsidet
                 .
              
               We
               have
               had
               them
               also
               sent
               us
               out
               of
               York-shire
               ,
               but
               remember
               not
               where
               they
               were
               gathered
               .
            
             
               II.
               Those
               they
               call
               S.
               
               Cuthhert's
               Beads
               are
               found
               on
               the
               Western
               shore
               of
               the
               s
               
                 Holy
                 Island
              
               .
               This
               last
               Summer
               [
               1671.
               ]
               
                 Tho.
                 Willisell
              
               discovered
               them
               in
               the
               Chinks
               of
               the
               Stones
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Chanel
               of
               the
               River
               Tees
               ,
               which
               parts
               York-shire
               and
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Duresine
               .
               These
               are
               round
               and
               not
               angular
               like
               the
               Star-Stones
               .
               Both
               (
               if
               they
               be
               owing
               to
               the
               Sea
               )
               seem
               to
               be
               the
               
                 Spinoe
                 dorsales
              
               or
               Tail-Bones
               of
               Fishes
               petrified
               ,
               they
               consisting
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               several
               Plates
               or
               Pieces
               sticking
               together
               like
               so
               many
               vertebrae
               ,
               though
               I
               confess
               the
               particular
               Pieces
               are
               shorter
               or
               thinner
               than
               the
               Vertebres
               of
               any
               Fish
               I
               have
               as
               yet
               observed
               .
            
             
               III.
               The
               Echinites
               or
               Brontiae
               are
               found
               scattered
               all
               over
               England
               of
               several
               magnitudes
               and
               shapes
               .
               I
               have
               not
               heard
               of
               any
               Bed
               of
               them
               or
               great
               number
               found
               in
               one
               place
               .
               Beyond
               the
               Seas
               we
               have
               (
               besides
               the
               place
               which
               gave
               occasion
               to
               this
               Discourse
               )
               found
               of
               them
               at
               Brescia
               in
               Lombardy
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               a
               Hill
               adjoining
               to
               the
               City
               :
               upon
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               Tanaro
               in
               Piedmont
               four
               miles
               below
               Aste
               ,
               but
               most
               plentifully
               in
               the
               Island
               of
               Malta
               ,
               where
               we
               also
               saw
               great
               store
               of
               Glossopetrae
               or
               Sharks
               Teeth
               petrified
               of
               all
               sorts
               and
               sizes
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               
                 Glossopetroe
                 ,
                 Boetius
                 de
                 Boot
              
               lib.
               2.
               cap.
               168.
               saith
               they
               are
               found
               in
               the
               Sands
               near
               Daventer
               in
               
               Overyssel
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Alum-Mines
               near
               Lunenburgh
               in
               
                 Germany
                 .
                 Goropius
                 Becanus
              
               in
               
                 Orig.
                 Antverp
                 .
                 l.
                 3.
              
               saith
               that
               they
               are
               often
               digged
               up
               in
               the
               Ditches
               about
               Antwerp
               ;
               and
               found
               in
               so
               great
               plenty
               in
               a
               Hill
               near
               Aken
               in
               Germany
               ,
               that
               he
               thinks
               it
               a
               good
               Argument
               to
               prove
               that
               they
               could
               not
               be
               the
               Teeth
               of
               Sharks
               :
               
                 In
                 colle
                 illo
                 qui
                 Aquisgrano
                 imminet
                 tantum
                 id
                 genus
                 piscium
                 fuisse
                 qúis
                 crederet
                 quantum
                 de
                 Glossopetrarum
                 copia
                 conjectari
                 deberet
                 .
              
            
             
               For
               petrified
               Cochles
               and
               other
               Sea-Shells
               ,
               
                 Geo.
                 Agricola
              
               saith
               there
               are
               found
               of
               them
               in
               the
               Stone-Quarries
               of
               Galgeberg
               and
               those
               beyond
               Mount
               Maurice
               in
               the
               Territory
               of
               Hildesheim
               in
               Saxony
               ;
               and
               sometimes
               in
               the
               new
               part
               of
               the
               City
               itself
               in
               digging
               of
               Cellars
               and
               in
               the
               Town-Ditch
               ,
               (
               2.
               )
               At
               Alfeld
               in
               the
               same
               Saxony
               between
               the
               Watch-Tower
               and
               the
               Town
               as
               one
               goes
               to
               Embeck
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               At
               Hannover
               in
               the
               Lime
               or
               Chalk-stone
               Pits
               ,
               and
               near
               a
               Village
               called
               Lindaw
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               In
               Misnia
               in
               the
               Village
               Rabschyts
               near
               the
               Brook
               Trebitia
               .
               (
               5.
               )
               In
               a
               certain
               place
               of
               Prussia
               called
               the
               Rose
               -
               Garden
               .
               (
               6.
               )
               In
               Hassi●
               near
               the
               Castle
               of
               Spangeberg
               .
               (
               7.
               )
               In
               Italy
               in
               a
               Mountain
               near
               Verona
               .
               (
               8.
               )
               In
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               
                 Elsa
                 ,
                 &
                 prope
                 oppidum
                 ex
                 Florentinis
                 conditoribus
                 nominatum
                 .
              
               Of
               these
               Shells
               amassed
               together
               into
               great
               Stones
               by
               a
               petrified
               Cement
               are
               found
               (
               as
               Pausanias
               relates
               )
               in
               the
               Quarries
               of
               Megara
               ,
               which
               kind
               of
               Stone
               is
               therefore
               called
               Conchites
               .
               They
               are
               also
               found
               in
               
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 Hemionia
                 ,
                 Macedonia
              
               ,
               the
               Mountains
               of
               
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
               And
               Steno
               in
               his
               Prodromus
               saith
               ,
               that
               in
               those
               huge
               Stones
               which
               lie
               scattered
               in
               some
               places
               about
               the
               Town
               of
               Volterra
               (
               being
               the
               remainders
               of
               antient
               Walls
               )
               there
               are
               found
               all
               sorts
               of
               Shells
               ,
               and
               not
               long
               since
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Market-place
               there
               was
               cut
               out
               a
               Stone
               full
               of
               streaked
               Cochles
               .
               
                 Jo.
                 Bauhine
              
               saith
               that
               in
               the
               Slate-stone
               digged
               out
               of
               the
               Fountain
               of
               Boll
               ,
               where
               with
               the
               Inhabitants
               covered
               their
               
               Houses
               ,
               there
               appeared
               several
               Figures
               ,
               whereof
               some
               represented
               Serpents
               ,
               some
               Snails
               ,
               some
               Scallops
               ,
               some
               Cochles
               ,
               some
               Muscles
               ,
               &c.
               and
               that
               there
               were
               digged
               up
               many
               petrified
               Shells
               of
               Cochles
               ,
               Muscles
               ,
               Scallops
               ,
               Periwinkles
               ,
               
                 Cornua
                 Ammonis
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
            
             
               Scaliger
               Exercitat
               .
               196.
               
               Sect.
               9.
               saith
               ,
               
                 In
                 saxis
                 Lanarum
                 (
                 tractus
                 est
                 hic
                 Agri
                 Vasateusis
                 )
                 ad
                 pagum
                 qui
              
               Cohors
               
                 dicitur
                 ,
                 saxeos
                 can●ros
                 multos
                 vidimus
                 ,
                 procul
                 à
                 mari
                 plurimum
                 ,
                 â
                 Garumnâ
                 30
                 circiter
                 millia
                 passuum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Bernardus
                 Palissius
              
               names
               these
               places
               in
               France
               where
               petrified
               Shells
               are
               found
               ;
               The
               Suburb
               of
               S.
               Martial
               near
               Paris
               ;
               The
               Mountains
               of
               the
               Forest
               of
               Arden
               ,
               especially
               near
               Sedan
               ;
               The
               Province
               of
               Valois
               ;
               The
               Mountains
               near
               S●issons
               ;
               The
               Province
               of
               Xantogae
               and
               Champagne
               .
            
             
               
                 Joannes
                 de
                 Laet
              
               in
               his
               second
               Book
               
                 de
                 Gemmis
              
               ,
               cap.
               29.
               relates
               how
               
                 Bartholomew
                 Morisot
              
               wrote
               to
               him
               from
               Dijon
               in
               Burgundy
               ,
               that
               in
               a
               Rock
               near
               that
               City
               at
               the
               distance
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               called
               
                 le
                 Fort
                 aux
                 Feos
              
               ,
               were
               found
               great
               numbers
               of
               Stones
               imitating
               Sea-shells
               ,
               his
               words
               are
               ,
               
                 Vbique
                 prostant
                 lapides
                 formâ
              
               rotundâ
               ac
               striatâ
               ,
               qui
               ipsam
               superinduisse
               videntur
               Conchyliorum
               marin
               orum
               materiem
               ,
               ues●io
               quo
               sale
               per
               infirmiora
               crescentium
               lapidum
               penetrante
               ,
               paulatimque
               ita
               crescente
               ut
               ambienti
               undique
               lapidi
               uniformem
               Conchyliorum
               formam
               faciat
               ,
               nist
               quod
               alia
               aliis
               majora
               sint
               ,
               ita
               ut
               si
               lapidi
               lapident
               attriveris
               ,
               è
               medio
               utri●sque
               conchyli●
               lapidea
               ●rumpant
               ,
               obversa
               ,
               transversa
               ,
               mixta
               ,
               inaequali
               quidem
               p●oportione
               sed
               formâ
               unâ
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               same
               
                 Joannes
                 de
                 Laet
              
               gives
               us
               another
               Relation
               from
               
                 Jacobus
                 Salmasius
              
               Uncle
               to
               
                 Claudius
                 Salmasius
              
               and
               Lord
               of
               Sauvignac
               ,
               of
               great
               store
               of
               these
               petrified
               Shells
               found
               in
               the
               stony
               Fields
               about
               Sauvignac
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               here
               exhibit
               to
               the
               Reader
               in
               his
               own
               words
               ;
               
                 Pagus
                 ille
              
               Salviniacum
               
                 uno
                 milliari
                 distat
                 ab
              
               Avallono
               ,
               
                 ut
                 nun●
                 appellatur
                 ,
                 vel
                 ut
                 prius
                 
                 vocabatur
              
               Aballono
               ,
               &
               3
               aut
               4
               
                 mil.
                 à
              
               Vezelio
               poetria
               Theodori
               Bezae
               .
               
                 Hujus
                 pagi
                 ager
                 arabilis
                 montosus
                 est
                 &
                 lapidosus
                 totus
                 ,
                 qui
                 tamen
                 est
                 feracissimus
                 .
                 In
                 lapidibus
                 illis
                 reperiuntur
                 inserta
                 quasi
                 ex
                 differenti
                 lapidis
                 materia
                 omne
                 genus
                 conchylia
                 aliquando
                 plura
                 ,
                 aliquando
                 pauciora
                 prout
                 est
                 ipsius
                 saxi
                 magnitudo
                 .
                 Visuntur
                 ibi
                 Pectines
                 ,
                 Ostrea
                 ,
                 Solenes
                 ,
                 Cornua
                 Hammonis
                 &
                 alia
                 genera
                 .
                 In
                 toto
                 illo
                 tractu
                 per
                 spatium
                 trium
                 aut
                 quatuor
                 milliarium
                 haec
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 in
                 agris
                 reperiuntur
                 usque
                 ad
                 appidum
                 vel
                 castrum
                 Montis
                 Regalis
                 ,
                 nomine
              
               Mont-real
               ,
               
                 cujus
                 ditionis
                 ager
                 consitus
                 est
                 totus
                 hujusmodi
                 lapidibus
                 varias
                 conchyliorum
                 species
                 ,
                 partim
                 interi●s
                 insert●s
                 ,
                 partim
                 in
                 superficie
                 etiam
                 extantes
                 praeferentibus
                 .
              
            
             
               In
               Italy
               besides
               the
               places
               already
               mentioned
               ,
               we
               were
               told
               ,
               that
               there
               were
               found
               of
               these
               Shells
               in
               the
               Territory
               of
               Modena
               in
               a
               Mountain
               called
               
                 Monte
                 Nicani
              
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Chanel
               of
               a
               River
               near
               Vdine
               in
               Friuli
               thence
               called
               
                 Rivus
                 miraculorum
              
               ,
               and
               doubtless
               in
               many
               other
               places
               .
               And
               for
               the
               
                 Lon-Countries
                 ,
                 Goropius
                 l'ecanus
              
               saith
               ,
               
                 Apud
                 vicinos
                 nostros
                 Limburgos
                 ,
                 Leodios
                 ,
                 Chondrusios
                 ,
                 Namurcos
                 ,
                 Hannones
                 ,
                 Atrebates
                 ,
                 Tornacenses
                 ,
                 &
                 alios
                 multos
                 ,
                 à
                 quibus
                 vel
                 Marmora
                 nobis
                 vel
                 alia
                 lapidum
                 genera
                 advehuntur
                 ,
                 non
                 parva
                 est
                 concharum
                 copia
                 &
                 varietas
                 .
                 Vidi
                 in
                 silice
                 durissimo
              
               Bethunis
               
                 advecto
                 ,
                 quo
                 viae
                 apud
                 nos
                 sternuntur
                 ,
                 tot
                 conchulas
                 totas
                 lapideas
                 ,
                 &
                 conclusis
                 valvulis
                 integras
                 ,
                 magnâ
                 ut
                 curd
                 &
                 arte
                 ex
                 illis
                 fuisse
                 caemento
                 aliquo
                 compactus
                 judicaretur
                 .
              
            
             
               Besides
               all
               which
               places
               and
               others
               mentioned
               by
               Writers
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               in
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Germany
                 ,
                 France
                 ,
                 England
              
               and
               the
               Low-Countries
               there
               are
               many
               not
               taken
               notice
               of
               where
               these
               Bodies
               might
               be
               found
               ,
               were
               diligent
               Search
               and
               Observation
               made
               .
               That
               they
               have
               not
               been
               discovered
               or
               taken
               notice
               of
               in
               other
               parts
               of
               Europe
               and
               in
               Asia
               and
               Africa
               is
               certainly
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               the
               Negligence
               and
               Redeness
               of
               the
               People
               who
               mind
               nothing
               that
               is
               curious
               ,
               
               or
               to
               the
               want
               of
               learned
               Writers
               who
               should
               communicate
               the
               Histories
               of
               them
               to
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               
               I
               come
               now
               to
               give
               an
               account
               of
               the
               Opinions
               of
               the
               best
               Authors
               concerning
               the
               Original
               and
               Production
               of
               these
               Stones
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               and
               to
               me
               most
               probable
               Opinion
               is
               that
               they
               were
               originally
               the
               Shells
               or
               Bones
               of
               living
               Fishes
               and
               other
               Animals
               bred
               in
               the
               Sea.
               This
               was
               the
               general
               Opinion
               of
               the
               Antients
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               Steno
               saith
               ,
               It
               was
               never
               made
               a
               Question
               among
               them
               ,
               whether
               such
               Bodies
               came
               from
               any
               place
               else
               but
               the
               Sea.
               It
               hath
               of
               late
               times
               and
               is
               now
               received
               and
               embraced
               by
               divers
               learned
               and
               ingenious
               Philosophers
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               precedent
               age
               by
               Fracastorius
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               present
               by
               
                 Nicolaus
                 Steno
              
               and
               Mr.
               
                 Robert
                 Hook
              
               ,
               after
               whom
               I
               need
               name
               no
               more
               to
               give
               it
               countenance
               and
               authority
               in
               the
               World.
               In
               his
               Micrographia
               ,
               Observ
               .
               17.
               
               He
               thus
               discourses
               concerning
               these
               Bodies
               .
               Examining
               some
               of
               these
               very
               curiously
               figured
               Bodies
               (
               found
               about
               Keinsham
               ,
               which
               are
               commonly
               thought
               to
               be
               Stones
               formed
               by
               some
               extraordinary
               plastic
               Virtue
               latent
               in
               the
               Earth
               itself
               )
               I
               took
               notice
               of
               these
               particulars
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               that
               these
               figured
               Bodies
               were
               of
               very
               differing
               Substances
               as
               to
               hardness
               :
               some
               of
               Clay
               ,
               some
               Marl
               ,
               some
               soft
               Stone
               ,
               almost
               of
               the
               hardness
               of
               those
               Stones
               ,
               which
               Masons
               call
               Fire-Stone
               ,
               others
               as
               hard
               as
               Portland
               Stone
               ,
               others
               as
               hard
               as
               Marble
               ,
               and
               some
               as
               hard
               as
               a
               Flint
               or
               Crystal
               .
            
             
               Next
               ,
               they
               were
               of
               very
               differing
               Substances
               as
               to
               Transparency
               and
               Colour
               ;
               some
               white
               ,
               some
               almost
               black
               ,
               some
               brown
               ,
               some
               metalline
               or
               like
               Marcasites
               ,
               some
               transparent
               like
               white
               Marble
               ,
               others
               like
               flaw'd
               Crystal
               ,
               some
               gray
               ,
               some
               of
               divers
               colours
               ;
               some
               radiated
               like
               those
               long
               
                 petrified
                 drops
              
               ,
               which
               are
               commonly
               found
               at
               the
               Peak
               and
               in
               other
               subterraneous
               Caverns
               ,
               which
               have
               a
               kind
               of
               Pith
               in
               the
               middle
               .
            
             
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               very
               different
               as
               to
               the
               manner
               of
               their
               outward
               Figuration
               :
               for
               some
               of
               them
               seem'd
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Substance
               that
               had
               filled
               the
               Shell
               of
               some
               kind
               of
               Shell-fish
               ;
               others
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Substance
               that
               had
               conteined
               or
               enwrapped
               one
               of
               these
               Shells
               ,
               on
               both
               which
               the
               perfect
               impression
               either
               of
               the
               inside
               or
               outside
               of
               such
               Shels
               seem'd
               to
               be
               left
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               most
               part
               those
               impressions
               seemed
               to
               be
               made
               by
               an
               imperfect
               or
               broken
               Shell
               ,
               the
               great
               end
               or
               mouth
               of
               the
               Shell
               being
               always
               wanting
               and
               oftentimes
               the
               little
               end
               and
               sometimes
               half
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               there
               were
               Impressions
               ,
               just
               as
               if
               there
               had
               been
               Holes
               broken
               in
               the
               figurating
               ,
               imprinting
               or
               moulding
               Shell
               :
               some
               of
               them
               seem'd
               to
               be
               made
               by
               such
               a
               Shell
               very
               much
               bruised
               or
               flaw'd
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               one
               would
               verily
               have
               thought
               ,
               that
               very
               figured
               Stone
               had
               been
               broken
               or
               bruised
               whilst
               a
               Gelly
               as
               't
               were
               ,
               and
               so
               hardned
               ,
               but
               within
               the
               Grain
               of
               the
               Stone
               there
               appeared
               not
               any
               sign
               of
               any
               such
               bruise
               or
               breaking
               ,
               but
               only
               on
               the
               very
               uttermost
               Superficies
               .
            
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               they
               were
               very
               different
               as
               to
               their
               outward
               covering
               ,
               some
               having
               the
               perfect
               Shell
               both
               in
               Figure
               ,
               Colour
               and
               Substance
               sticking
               on
               its
               surface
               ,
               and
               adhering
               to
               it
               ,
               but
               might
               very
               easily
               be
               separated
               from
               it
               ,
               and
               like
               other
               common
               Cochle
               or
               
               Scallop-shells
               ,
               which
               some
               of
               them
               most
               accurately
               resembled
               ,
               were
               very
               dissoluble
               in
               common
               Vinegar
               :
               others
               of
               them
               ,
               especially
               those
               serpentine
               or
               helical
               Stones
               ,
               were
               covered
               with
               or
               reteined
               the
               shining
               or
               pearl-coloured
               Substance
               of
               the
               inside
               of
               the
               Shell
               ,
               which
               Substance
               on
               some
               parts
               of
               them
               was
               exceeding
               thin
               ,
               and
               might
               very
               easily
               be
               rubbed
               off
               ;
               on
               other
               parts
               it
               was
               pretty
               thick
               ,
               and
               reteined
               a
               white
               Coat
               or
               flaky
               Substance
               on
               the
               top
               ,
               just
               like
               the
               sides
               of
               such
               Shells
               :
               some
               of
               them
               had
               large
               pieces
               of
               the
               Shell
               very
               plainly
               sticking
               on
               to
               them
               ,
               which
               were
               easily
               to
               be
               broken
               or
               flaked
               off
               by
               degrees
               :
               
               they
               likewise
               some
               of
               them
               reteined
               all
               along
               the
               surface
               of
               them
               very
               pretty
               kind
               of
               Sutures
               ,
               such
               as
               are
               observed
               in
               the
               Skulls
               of
               several
               kinds
               of
               living
               Creatures
               ,
               which
               Sutures
               were
               most
               curiously
               shaped
               in
               the
               manner
               of
               Leaves
               ,
               and
               every
               one
               of
               them
               in
               the
               same
               Shell
               exactly
               one
               like
               another
               ;
               which
               I
               was
               able
               to
               discover
               plainly
               enough
               with
               my
               naked
               eye
               ,
               but
               more
               perfectly
               and
               distinctly
               with
               my
               Microscope
               :
               All
               these
               Sutures
               I
               found
               by
               breaking
               some
               of
               the
               Stones
               to
               be
               the
               Termini
               or
               boundings
               of
               certain
               Diaphragms
               or
               partitions
               ,
               which
               seemed
               to
               divide
               the
               Cavity
               of
               the
               Shell
               into
               a
               multitude
               of
               very
               proportionate
               and
               regular
               Cells
               or
               Caverns
               :
               these
               Diaphragms
               in
               many
               of
               them
               I
               found
               very
               perfect
               and
               complete
               ,
               of
               a
               very
               distinct
               Substance
               from
               that
               which
               filled
               the
               Cavities
               ,
               and
               exactly
               of
               the
               same
               kind
               with
               that
               which
               covered
               the
               outside
               ,
               being
               for
               the
               most
               part
               whitish
               or
               
                 mother
                 of-Pearl
              
               coloured
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Cavities
               between
               those
               Diaphragms
               ,
               I
               found
               some
               of
               them
               fill'd
               with
               Marl
               ,
               and
               others
               with
               several
               kinds
               of
               Stones
               ,
               others
               for
               the
               most
               part
               hollow
               ,
               only
               the
               whole
               Cavity
               was
               usually
               covered
               over
               with
               a
               kind
               of
               
                 Tartareous
                 petrified
              
               Substance
               ,
               which
               stuck
               about
               the
               Sides
               ,
               and
               was
               there
               shot
               into
               very
               curious
               regular
               Figures
               ,
               just
               as
               Tartar
               or
               other
               dissolved
               Salts
               are
               observed
               to
               stick
               and
               crystallize
               about
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               conteining
               Vessels
               ;
               or
               like
               those
               little
               Diamants
               ,
               which
               I
               before
               observed
               to
               have
               covered
               the
               vaulted
               Cavity
               of
               a
               Flint
               ;
               others
               had
               these
               Cavities
               all
               lined
               with
               a
               metalline
               or
               Marcasite-like
               substance
               ,
               which
               I
               could
               with
               a
               Microscope
               as
               plainly
               see
               most
               curiously
               and
               regularly
               figured
               ,
               as
               I
               had
               done
               those
               in
               a
               Flint
               .
            
             
               From
               all
               which
               and
               several
               other
               particulars
               which
               I
               observed
               ,
               I
               cannot
               but
               think
               ,
               that
               all
               these
               ,
               and
               most
               other
               kinds
               of
               stony
               bodies
               which
               are
               found
               thus
               strangely
               figured
               ,
               do
               ow
               their
               Formation
               and
               
               Figuration
               not
               to
               any
               kind
               of
               
                 Plastic
                 Virtue
              
               inherent
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               but
               to
               the
               Shells
               of
               certain
               Shell-fishes
               ,
               which
               either
               by
               some
               Deluge
               ,
               Inundation
               ,
               Earthquake
               or
               some
               such
               other
               means
               came
               to
               be
               thrown
               to
               that
               place
               ,
               and
               there
               to
               be
               filled
               with
               some
               kind
               of
               Mud
               or
               Clay
               ,
               or
               petrifying
               Water
               or
               some
               other
               Substance
               ,
               which
               in
               tract
               of
               time
               hath
               been
               setled
               together
               and
               hardned
               in
               those
               shelly
               Moulds
               into
               those
               shaped
               Substances
               we
               now
               find
               them
               ;
               That
               the
               great
               and
               thin
               end
               of
               these
               Shells
               ,
               by
               that
               Earthquake
               ,
               or
               whatever
               other
               extraordinary
               cause
               it
               was
               that
               brought
               them
               thither
               ,
               was
               broken
               off
               ;
               and
               that
               many
               others
               were
               otherwise
               broken
               ,
               bruised
               and
               disfigured
               ;
               that
               these
               Shells
               which
               are
               thus
               spirallied
               and
               separated
               with
               Diaphragms
               ,
               were
               some
               kind
               of
               Nautili
               or
               Porcelane-Shells
               ;
               and
               that
               others
               were
               Shells
               of
               
                 Muscles
                 ,
                 Cochles
                 ,
                 Periwinkles
                 ,
                 Scallops
                 ,
              
               &c.
               of
               various
               sorts
               ;
               that
               these
               Shells
               in
               many
               from
               the
               particular
               nature
               of
               the
               conteining
               or
               inclosed
               earth
               or
               some
               other
               cause
               ,
               have
               in
               tract
               of
               time
               rotted
               and
               mouldred
               away
               ,
               and
               only
               left
               their
               Impressions
               both
               on
               the
               conteining
               and
               conteined
               Substances
               ;
               and
               so
               left
               them
               pretty
               loose
               one
               within
               another
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               may
               easily
               be
               separated
               by
               a
               knock
               or
               two
               of
               a
               hammer
               .
               That
               others
               of
               these
               Shell-fishes
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Substances
               have
               by
               a
               long
               continuance
               in
               that
               posture
               ,
               been
               petrified
               and
               turned
               into
               the
               nature
               of
               Stone
               .
               That
               oftentimes
               the
               Shell
               may
               be
               found
               with
               one
               kind
               of
               Substance
               within
               and
               quite
               another
               without
               ,
               having
               perhaps
               been
               filled
               in
               one
               place
               and
               afterwards
               translated
               to
               another
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               very
               frequently
               observed
               in
               
                 Cochle
                 ,
                 Muscle
                 ,
                 Periwincle
              
               ,
               and
               other
               Shells
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               found
               by
               the
               Sea-side
               .
               Nay
               further
               ,
               that
               some
               parts
               of
               the
               same
               Shell
               may
               be
               filled
               in
               one
               place
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               Caverns
               in
               another
               ,
               and
               others
               in
               a
               third
               or
               a
               fourth
               or
               a
               fifth
               place
               ,
               for
               so
               many
               differing
               Substances
               
               have
               I
               found
               in
               one
               of
               the
               petrified
               Shells
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               all
               these
               differing
               from
               the
               encompassing
               Earth
               or
               Stone
               :
               The
               means
               how
               all
               which
               varieties
               may
               be
               caus'd
               ,
               I
               think
               will
               not
               be
               difficult
               to
               conceive
               ,
               to
               any
               one
               that
               has
               taken
               notice
               of
               those
               Shells
               ,
               which
               are
               commonly
               found
               on
               the
               Sea-shore
               :
               And
               he
               that
               shall
               throughly
               examin
               ,
               several
               kinds
               of
               such
               curiously
               form'd
               Stones
               ,
               will
               (
               I
               am
               very
               apt
               to
               think
               )
               find
               reason
               to
               suppose
               their
               generation
               or
               formation
               to
               be
               ascribable
               to
               some
               such
               Accidents
               as
               I
               have
               mentioned
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               any
               
                 Plastic
                 Virtue
              
               .
               For
               it
               seems
               to
               me
               quite
               contrary
               to
               the
               infinite
               prudence
               of
               Nature
               ,
               which
               is
               observable
               in
               all
               its
               works
               and
               productions
               ,
               to
               design
               every
               thing
               to
               a
               determinate
               end
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               atteining
               that
               end
               makes
               use
               of
               such
               ways
               as
               are
               (
               as
               far
               as
               the
               knowledge
               of
               man
               has
               yet
               been
               able
               to
               reach
               )
               altogether
               consonant
               and
               most
               agreeable
               to
               mans
               reason
               ,
               and
               of
               no
               way
               or
               means
               that
               doth
               contradict
               or
               is
               contrary
               to
               human
               ratiocination
               ;
               whence
               it
               has
               a
               long
               time
               been
               a
               general
               Observation
               and
               Maxim
               ,
               that
               
                 Nature
                 doth
                 nothing
                 in
                 vain
              
               :
               it
               seems
               I
               say
               contrary
               to
               that
               great
               wisdom
               of
               Nature
               ,
               that
               these
               prettily
               shaped
               Bodies
               should
               have
               all
               those
               curious
               figures
               and
               contrivances
               (
               which
               many
               of
               them
               are
               adorn'd
               and
               contriv'd
               with
               )
               generated
               or
               wrought
               by
               a
               
                 Plastic
                 Virtue
              
               ,
               for
               no
               higher
               end
               than
               only
               to
               exhibit
               such
               a
               form
               ;
               which
               he
               that
               shall
               throughly
               consider
               all
               the
               circumstances
               of
               such
               kind
               of
               figured
               Bodies
               ,
               will
               I
               think
               have
               great
               reason
               to
               believe
               ,
               though
               I
               confess
               one
               cannot
               be
               able
               presently
               to
               find
               out
               what
               Natures
               designs
               are
               .
               Thus
               far
               Mr.
               Hook.
               And
               Steno
               agrees
               exactly
               with
               him
               ,
               and
               is
               far
               more
               positive
               and
               confident
               ;
               For
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               that
               these
               Shells
               were
               once
               the
               parts
               of
               Animals
               living
               in
               a
               fluid
               ,
               though
               there
               never
               had
               been
               any
               testaceous
               marine
               Creatures
               ,
               the
               very
               view
               of
               the
               Shell
               itself
               evinceth
               ,
               as
               may
               be
               evident
               by
               the
               instance
               of
               
                 bivalve
                 Cochle-shells
              
               .
               Concerning
               
               
               
               these
               Shells
               his
               Observations
               and
               Discourses
               are
               very
               consonant
               with
               Mr.
               
               Hook's
               .
               One
               or
               two
               particulars
               not
               yet
               mentioned
               ,
               which
               may
               further
               confirm
               this
               Opinion
               ,
               I
               find
               in
               him
               ,
               viz.
               (
               1.
               )
               That
               there
               was
               found
               a
               Pearl-bearing
               Shell
               in
               Tuscany
               ,
               a
               Pearl
               yet
               sticking
               to
               the
               Shell
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               A
               piece
               of
               the
               greater
               Sea-nacre
               [
               
                 Piuna
                 marina
              
               ]
               in
               which
               the
               silk-like
               substance
               within
               the
               Shell
               being
               consumed
               ,
               the
               colour
               of
               that
               substance
               did
               remain
               in
               that
               earthy
               matter
               which
               had
               filled
               the
               Shell
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               That
               about
               the
               City
               of
               Volterra
               there
               are
               many
               beds
               of
               earth
               not
               stony
               ,
               which
               do
               abound
               with
               true
               Cochle-shells
               that
               have
               suffered
               no
               change
               at
               all
               ,
               and
               yet
               they
               must
               needs
               have
               lain
               there
               above
               3000
               years
               ;
               whence
               it
               is
               evident
               ,
               that
               part
               of
               Tuscany
               was
               of
               old
               time
               covered
               with
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               why
               then
               might
               not
               as
               well
               all
               those
               other
               places
               where
               these
               petrified
               Shells
               are
               found
               .
            
             
               Against
               this
               Opinion
               lie
               two
               very
               considerable
               and
               material
               Objections
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               heer
               propound
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               it
               will
               hence
               follow
               that
               all
               the
               Earth
               was
               once
               covered
               by
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               that
               for
               a
               considerable
               time
               :
               for
               there
               being
               found
               of
               these
               Shells
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               Germany
               ,
               at
               least
               200
               miles
               distant
               from
               any
               Sea
               ,
               as
               my self
               can
               witness
               ,
               nay
               ,
               upon
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               of
               Europe
               ,
               even
               the
               Alps
               themselves
               ,
               (
               as
               may
               be
               proved
               by
               sufficient
               Authority
               )
               the
               Sea
               must
               needs
               have
               covered
               them
               ,
               and
               consequently
               ,
               the
               water
               keeping
               its
               level
               ,
               all
               Europe
               and
               the
               World
               besides
               .
               Now
               that
               ever
               the
               Water
               should
               have
               covered
               the
               Earth
               to
               that
               highth
               as
               to
               exceed
               the
               tops
               of
               the
               highest
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               for
               a
               considerable
               time
               abode
               there
               ,
               is
               hard
               to
               believe
               ,
               nor
               can
               such
               an
               Opinion
               be
               easily
               reconciled
               with
               the
               Scripture
               .
               If
               it
               be
               said
               that
               these
               Shells
               were
               brought
               in
               by
               the
               universal
               Deluge
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Noah
               ,
               when
               the
               Mountains
               were
               covered
               .
               I
               answer
               ,
               that
               that
               Deluge
               
               proceeded
               from
               Rain
               ,
               which
               was
               more
               likely
               to
               carry
               Shells
               down
               to
               the
               Sea
               ,
               than
               to
               bring
               any
               upwards
               from
               it
               .
               But
               because
               some
               may
               argue
               from
               what
               the
               Scripture
               saith
               ,
               [
               
                 The
                 fountains
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 deep
                 were
                 broken
                 up
                 ,
              
               ]
               that
               the
               Deluge
               proceeded
               partly
               from
               a
               breaking
               forth
               and
               overflowing
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               consequently
               might
               bring
               in
               these
               Shells
               :
               To
               that
               I
               answer
               ,
               that
               had
               it
               been
               so
               ,
               such
               a
               Flood
               would
               have
               been
               more
               likely
               to
               scatter
               such
               Shells
               as
               it
               brought
               in
               indifferently
               all
               over
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               than
               to
               lay
               them
               in
               great
               beds
               in
               particular
               places
               :
               such
               beds
               seem
               to
               have
               been
               the
               effect
               of
               those
               Animals
               breeding
               there
               for
               some
               considerable
               time
               .
               If
               it
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               those
               Mountains
               where
               such
               Shells
               are
               found
               might
               at
               first
               have
               been
               low
               places
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               raised
               up
               by
               Earthquakes
               ,
               that
               seems
               not
               likely
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               found
               upon
               so
               many
               Mountains
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               all
               Mountains
               were
               at
               first
               so
               raised
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               former
               difficulty
               will
               recurr
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               follow
               ,
               that
               before
               the
               raising
               of
               the
               first
               Mountains
               ,
               the
               whole
               Earth
               was
               covered
               by
               the
               Sea.
               Besides
               ,
               this
               Hypothesis
               seems
               to
               me
               in
               itself
               improbable
               ,
               for
               that
               though
               there
               be
               mention
               made
               in
               Histories
               of
               some
               such
               Mountains
               raised
               by
               Earthquakes
               ,
               yet
               they
               are
               but
               very
               few
               and
               of
               no
               considerable
               highth
               or
               greatness
               ,
               compared
               with
               those
               chains
               of
               high
               and
               vast
               Mountains
               ,
               the
               
                 Alps
                 ,
                 Pyrenees
                 ,
                 Appennine
                 ,
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 Caucasus
                 ,
                 Imaus
                 ,
                 Haemus
                 ,
                 Atlas
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               In
               general
               since
               the
               most
               antient
               times
               recorded
               in
               History
               ,
               the
               face
               of
               the
               Earth
               hath
               suffered
               little
               change
               ,
               the
               same
               Mountains
               ,
               Islands
               ,
               Promontories
               ,
               Lakes
               ,
               Rivers
               still
               remaining
               ,
               and
               very
               few
               added
               ,
               lost
               or
               removed
               .
               Whence
               it
               will
               follow
               ,
               that
               if
               the
               Mountains
               were
               not
               from
               the
               beginning
               ,
               either
               the
               World
               is
               a
               great
               deal
               older
               than
               is
               imagined
               or
               believed
               ,
               there
               being
               an
               incredible
               space
               of
               time
               required
               to
               work
               such
               changes
               as
               raising
               all
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               leisurely
               
               proceedings
               of
               Nature
               in
               mutations
               of
               that
               kind
               since
               the
               first
               Records
               of
               History
               :
               or
               that
               in
               the
               primitive
               times
               and
               soon
               after
               the
               Creation
               the
               earth
               suffered
               far
               more
               concussions
               and
               mutations
               in
               its
               superficial
               part
               than
               afterward
               .
            
             
               II.
               Among
               these
               petrified
               Shells
               are
               many
               sorts
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               at
               this
               day
               that
               we
               know
               of
               any
               where
               to
               be
               found
               ;
               nay
               some
               proceed
               so
               far
               as
               to
               affirm
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               not
               the
               like
               to
               any
               one
               of
               these
               supposed
               petrified
               Shells
               to
               be
               found
               among
               our
               present
               Shell-fishes
               .
               If
               it
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               these
               Species
               be
               lost
               out
               of
               the
               World
               :
               that
               is
               a
               supposition
               which
               Philosophers
               hitherto
               have
               been
               unwilling
               to
               admit
               ,
               esteeming
               the
               destruction
               of
               any
               one
               Species
               to
               be
               a
               dismembring
               the
               Universe
               and
               rendring
               it
               imperfect
               ,
               whereas
               they
               think
               the
               Divine
               Providence
               is
               especially
               concerned
               to
               preserve
               and
               secure
               all
               the
               Works
               of
               the
               Creation
               .
               Yet
               granting
               that
               some
               few
               Species
               might
               be
               lost
               ,
               it
               is
               very
               unlikely
               that
               so
               many
               should
               ,
               and
               still
               more
               unlikely
               that
               such
               as
               were
               so
               diffused
               all
               over
               Europe
               and
               found
               in
               so
               many
               places
               ;
               but
               most
               of
               all
               that
               a
               whole
               Genus
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               were
               so
               many
               several
               Species
               ,
               and
               those
               scattered
               in
               so
               many
               distinct
               and
               from
               each
               other
               remote
               places
               ,
               should
               be
               so
               utterly
               extinct
               and
               gone
               ,
               at
               least
               out
               of
               our
               Seas
               ,
               that
               there
               should
               not
               one
               in
               an
               age
               be
               found
               .
               Such
               are
               for
               example
               the
               Serpentine
               Stones
               or
               
                 Cornua
                 Ammonis
              
               supposed
               originally
               to
               have
               been
               Nautili
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               my self
               have
               seen
               five
               or
               six
               distinct
               Species
               ,
               and
               doubtless
               there
               are
               yet
               many
               more
               .
               Add
               heerunto
               the
               greatness
               of
               some
               of
               these
               Shells
               ,
               viz.
               the
               
                 Cornua
                 Ammonis
              
               ,
               whereof
               there
               are
               found
               of
               about
               a
               foot
               Diameter
               ,
               far
               exceeding
               the
               bulk
               of
               any
               Shell-fish
               now
               breeding
               or
               living
               in
               our
               Seas
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               Opinion
               is
               of
               those
               who
               imagine
               these
               bodies
               to
               have
               been
               the
               effects
               and
               products
               of
               some
               Plastic
               power
               in
               the
               Earth
               ;
               and
               to
               have
               been
               formed
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Diamants
               and
               other
               pretious
               
               Stones
               ,
               or
               the
               Crystals
               of
               coagulated
               Salts
               ,
               by
               shooting
               into
               such
               figures
               .
               Of
               these
               bodies
               my
               very
               ingenious
               and
               learned
               Friend
               Mr.
               
                 Martin
                 Lister
              
               discourses
               in
               a
               Letter
               of
               his
               inserted
               in
               the
               
                 Philosoph
                 .
                 Transact
              
               .
               Numb
               .
               76.
               to
               this
               purpose
               ,
               upon
               occasion
               of
               Mr.
               
               Steno's
               Prodromus
               .
               We
               will
               easily
               believe
               ,
               that
               in
               some
               Countries
               ,
               and
               particularly
               along
               the
               shore
               of
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               ,
               there
               may
               all
               manner
               of
               Shell-fishes
               be
               found
               promiscuously
               included
               in
               rocks
               or
               earth
               ,
               and
               at
               good
               distances
               too
               from
               the
               Sea.
               But
               for
               our
               English
               inland
               Quarries
               ,
               which
               also
               abound
               with
               infinite
               numbers
               and
               great
               varieties
               of
               Shells
               ,
               I
               am
               apt
               to
               think
               there
               is
               no
               such
               matter
               as
               petrifying
               of
               Shells
               in
               the
               business
               (
               or
               as
               Steno
               explains
               himself
               ,
               Pag.
               84.
               in
               the
               English
               version
               
                 &
                 alibi
              
               ,
               that
               the
               substance
               of
               these
               Shells
               formerly
               belonging
               to
               Animals
               ,
               hath
               been
               dissolved
               or
               wasted
               by
               the
               penetrating
               force
               of
               Juices
               ,
               and
               that
               a
               stony
               substance
               is
               come
               in
               the
               place
               thereof
               )
               but
               that
               these
               Cochlelike
               Stones
               ever
               were
               as
               they
               are
               at
               present
               ,
               
                 Lapides
                 sui
                 generis
              
               ,
               and
               never
               any
               part
               of
               an
               Animal
               .
               That
               they
               are
               so
               at
               present
               is
               in
               effect
               confessed
               by
               Steno
               in
               the
               above-cited
               page
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               most
               certain
               ,
               that
               our
               English
               Quarry-shells
               (
               to
               continue
               that
               abusive
               name
               )
               have
               no
               parts
               of
               a
               different
               texture
               from
               the
               Rock
               or
               Quarry
               they
               are
               taken
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               no
               such
               thing
               as
               Shell
               in
               these
               resemblances
               of
               Shells
               ,
               but
               that
               Iron-stone
               Cochles
               are
               all
               Iron-stone
               ,
               Lime
               or
               Marble
               all
               Lime-stone
               and
               Marble
               ,
               Spar
               or
               Crystalline
               Shells
               all
               Spar
               ,
               &c.
               and
               that
               they
               never
               were
               any
               part
               of
               an
               Animal
               .
               My
               Reason
               is
               ,
               that
               Quarries
               of
               different
               Stone
               yield
               us
               quite
               different
               sorts
               or
               Species
               of
               Shells
               ,
               not
               only
               one
               from
               another
               (
               as
               those
               Cochle-stones
               of
               the
               Iron-stone
               Quarries
               of
               Adderton
               in
               Yorkshire
               differ
               from
               those
               found
               in
               the
               Lead-Mines
               of
               the
               neighbouring
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               both
               these
               from
               that
               Cochle-Quarry
               of
               
               Wansford-Bridge
               in
               Northamptonshire
               ,
               and
               all
               thee
               from
               those
               
               to
               be
               found
               in
               the
               Quarries
               about
               Gunthorp
               and
               
               Beauvo●r-Castle
               ,
               &c.
               )
               but
               I
               dare
               boldly
               say
               from
               any
               thing
               in
               Nature
               besides
               ,
               that
               either
               the
               Land
               ,
               salt
               or
               fresh
               Waters
               do
               yield
               us
               .
               'T
               is
               true
               that
               I
               have
               picked
               out
               of
               that
               one
               Quarry
               of
               Wansford
               very
               resemblances
               of
               
                 Murices
                 ,
                 Tellinae
                 ,
                 Turbines
                 ,
                 Cochleae
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               and
               yet
               I
               am
               not
               convinc'd
               ,
               when
               I
               particularly
               examined
               some
               of
               our
               English
               Shores
               for
               Shells
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               fresh
               Waters
               and
               the
               Fields
               ,
               that
               I
               did
               ever
               meet
               with
               any
               one
               of
               those
               Species
               of
               Shells
               any
               where
               else
               but
               in
               their
               respective
               Quarries
               ,
               whence
               I
               conclude
               them
               
                 Lapides
                 sui
                 generis
              
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               were
               not
               cast
               in
               any
               Animal
               mould
               whose
               Species
               or
               race
               is
               yet
               to
               be
               found
               in
               being
               at
               this
               day
               .
               Thus
               far
               Mr.
               Lister
               .
               The
               like
               Argument
               also
               
                 Goropius
                 Becanus
              
               uses
               to
               prove
               that
               these
               Bodies
               are
               not
               petrified
               Shells
               .
               Scallop-shells
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               are
               so
               rare
               upon
               the
               shores
               of
               Flanders
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               brought
               thither
               by
               Pilgrims
               from
               the
               coast
               of
               Gallicia
               in
               Spain
               ,
               and
               shown
               for
               strange
               things
               ;
               and
               yet
               in
               the
               ditches
               about
               Antwerp
               there
               is
               such
               plenty
               of
               them
               ,
               that
               in
               digging
               there
               they
               throw
               up
               heaps
               of
               them
               like
               little
               mountains
               ,
               so
               that
               he
               that
               would
               gather
               of
               them
               need
               not
               take
               the
               pains
               to
               travel
               to
               Gallicia
               ,
               or
               so
               much
               as
               to
               the
               Sea-shores
               .
               To
               these
               he
               adds
               another
               Argument
               which
               yet
               to
               me
               seems
               of
               little
               force
               .
               In
               some
               places
               about
               Antwerp
               digging
               for
               water
               ,
               they
               meet
               with
               in
               the
               earth
               a
               crust
               or
               Layer
               of
               two
               foot
               thickness
               and
               in
               some
               parts
               thinner
               ,
               wholly
               made
               up
               of
               Sea-shells
               ,
               whereas
               there
               was
               never
               found
               such
               a
               Mass
               of
               Shells
               upon
               any
               of
               the
               Sea-shores
               ;
               so
               that
               no
               man
               can
               reasonably
               assert
               that
               they
               were
               thrown
               up
               by
               the
               Sea
               and
               there
               left
               ,
               the
               waters
               receding
               and
               forsaking
               them
               ;
               for
               then
               without
               question
               we
               should
               hear
               of
               the
               like
               heaps
               or
               beds
               of
               them
               found
               on
               the
               coasts
               of
               
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Zealand
              
               and
               Flanders
               But
               to
               this
               I
               answer
               that
               the
               reason
               why
               at
               this
               day
               there
               are
               not
               such
               beds
               of
               them
               to
               be
               
               found
               upon
               the
               shores
               ,
               may
               be
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               gathered
               up
               and
               carried
               away
               by
               men
               ,
               partly
               out
               of
               curiosity
               ,
               partly
               to
               burn
               for
               lime
               or
               other
               ways
               to
               make
               use
               of
               .
               Besides
               we
               know
               that
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               these
               Shell-fishes
               many
               times
               lie
               in
               great
               beds
               ,
               and
               there
               breed
               in
               great
               abundance
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               not
               altogether
               unlikely
               ,
               that
               the
               Sea
               might
               on
               occasion
               suddenly
               recede
               and
               desert
               such
               beds
               ,
               and
               they
               afterwards
               come
               to
               be
               buried
               in
               the
               Earth
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               argue
               further
               in
               defence
               of
               this
               Opinion
               .
               There
               are
               found
               in
               the
               earth
               many
               such
               like
               figured
               Stones
               which
               we
               know
               not
               whither
               to
               refer
               ,
               as
               resembling
               neither
               any
               part
               of
               an
               Animal
               ,
               nor
               of
               a
               Plant
               :
               Such
               are
               those
               that
               Naturalists
               call
               
                 Lapides
                 Ly●curii
                 ,
                 Belemnites
                 ,
                 Lapides
                 Judaivi
                 ,
                 Trochites
                 ,
                 As●eriae
              
               and
               others
               ,
               to
               which
               if
               there
               be
               at
               present
               any
               Shells
               ,
               Bones
               ,
               Fruits
               ,
               Roots
               ,
               &c.
               like
               ,
               I
               am
               as
               yet
               wholly
               to
               seek
               for
               them
               .
               And
               if
               there
               are
               now
               no
               such
               things
               in
               being
               ,
               they
               that
               defend
               the
               contrary
               Opinion
               must
               have
               recourse
               to
               that
               gratuitous
               supposition
               that
               such
               Species
               are
               lost
               out
               of
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               Besides
               I
               have
               been
               told
               by
               a
               person
               of
               good
               credit
               of
               a
               Stone
               of
               this
               nature
               resembling
               a
               Cochle-shell
               found
               in
               the
               stomach
               of
               a
               Beef
               ;
               where
               in
               all
               likelihood
               it
               must
               be
               bred
               and
               shoot
               into
               that
               figure
               ;
               which
               if
               true
               ,
               there
               can
               be
               no
               reason
               to
               doubt
               ,
               but
               those
               in
               the
               Stone-Quarries
               and
               other
               places
               are
               so
               generated
               .
            
             
               A
               third
               Opinion
               there
               is
               ,
               that
               some
               of
               these
               bodies
               are
               really
               Shells
               petrified
               ,
               or
               the
               cases
               of
               such
               bodies
               or
               their
               contents
               :
               and
               that
               others
               of
               them
               are
               stones
               of
               their
               own
               kind
               resembling
               such
               Shells
               ,
               so
               shaped
               and
               figured
               by
               some
               Plastic
               power
               .
               That
               Shells
               may
               be
               and
               are
               sometimes
               petrified
               (
               as
               are
               also
               Bones
               and
               Wood
               )
               cannot
               be
               denied
               ,
               and
               I
               my self
               have
               gathered
               such
               upon
               the
               Sea-shore
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               other
               hand
               ,
               he
               that
               asserts
               that
               there
               are
               bodies
               
               naturally
               growing
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               which
               do
               imitate
               Sea-shells
               ,
               delivers
               himself
               from
               the
               trouble
               of
               answering
               the
               Arguments
               which
               urge
               the
               contrary
               opinion
               .
               But
               yet
               methinks
               this
               is
               but
               a
               shift
               and
               refuge
               to
               avoid
               trouble
               ,
               there
               not
               being
               sufficient
               ground
               to
               found
               such
               a
               distinction
               .
               For
               my
               own
               part
               I
               confess
               I
               propend
               to
               the
               first
               Opinion
               ,
               as
               being
               more
               consonant
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               thing
               ,
               and
               could
               wish
               that
               all
               external
               arguments
               and
               objections
               against
               it
               were
               rationally
               and
               solidly
               answered
               .
            
             
               The
               Names
               of
               the
               Professors
               in
               each
               Faculty
               ,
               and
               what
               Books
               they
               read
               ,
               together
               with
               their
               Exercises
               ,
               the
               following
               
                 Series
                 Lectionum
              
               will
               acquaint
               the
               Reader
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Catalogus
                       Lectionum
                       atque
                       Exercitationum
                       Academicarum
                       quas
                       inclutae
                       Norimbergensium
                       Universitatis
                       Altdorffinae
                       Professores
                       ,
                       cum
                       Deo
                       ,
                       post
                       ferias
                       ,
                       Caniculares
                       hujus
                       Anni
                       MDLXII
                       .
                       coeptas
                       usque
                       ad
                       proxime
                       futuram
                       Panegyrin
                       Petro-Paulinam
                       publice
                       privatimque
                       continuabunt
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rectore
                       Mauritio
                       Hoffmanno
                       ,
                       M.
                       D.
                       Anat.
                       Chir.
                       &
                       Botan
                       .
                       Prof.
                       publ
                       .
                       
                       Sub
                       faelicibus
                       auspiciis
                       virorum
                       nobilissimorum
                       ,
                       perstrenuorum
                       atque
                       prudentisstmorum
                       Dn.
                       
                         Leonhardi
                         Grundherri
                      
                       III.
                       Viri
                       ,
                       Dn.
                       
                         Jodoci
                         Christophori
                      
                       ,
                       Kress
                       à
                       Kressenstein
                       in
                       Rekelsdorff
                       &
                       Durrenmungenaw
                       ,
                       Dn.
                       
                         Georgii
                         Sigismundi
                      
                       Furers
                       ab
                       Heimendorff
                       &
                       Steinbuhl
                       ,
                       Dn.
                       
                         Gabrielis
                         Nûzelii
                      
                       ab
                       &
                       in
                       Sundersbuhl
                       ,
                       Illustris
                       Reipub.
                       Norimb
                       .
                       Senatorum
                       &
                       Curatorum
                       Academiae
                       benemeritissimorum
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         SS
                         .
                         THEOLOGIAE
                         PROFESSORES
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           JOhannes
                           Weinmann
                        
                         D.
                         Evangelii
                         S.
                         Johannis
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         eâ
                         ,
                         quâ
                         hactenus
                         usus
                         est
                         ,
                         methodo
                         ,
                         ad
                         finem
                         usque
                         ,
                         divinâ
                         opitulante
                         gratiâ
                         ,
                         continuabit
                         ,
                         &
                         praeter
                         publicas
                         disputationes
                         ,
                         etiam
                         privata
                         exercitia
                         ,
                         cùm
                         lectoria
                         ,
                         tum
                         disputatoria
                         ,
                         ex
                         libris
                         Biblicis
                         &
                         locis
                         Theologicis
                         partim
                         instituta
                         ,
                         partim
                         instituenda
                         ,
                         frequentabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           M.
                           Lucas
                           Fridericus
                           Reinhartus
                        
                         Controversias
                         ad
                         textus
                         Evangelicos
                         Dominicales
                         agitari
                         solitas
                         ;
                         tum
                         Exegeticas
                         ,
                         tum
                         Dogmaticas
                         &
                         Morales
                         monstrat
                         ,
                         &
                         optimam
                         sententiam
                         ,
                         quâpote
                         ,
                         confirmat
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           M.
                           Joh.
                           Conradus
                           Dûrr
                        
                         Introductionem
                         aphoristicam
                         in
                         libros
                         Symbolicos
                         Ecclesiae
                         Noribergensis
                         intra
                         vertentem
                         hunc
                         annum
                         ad
                         inem
                         perducere
                         allaborabit
                         .
                         
                         Gnomologiam
                         Aristotelicam
                         simul
                         cum
                         interpretatione
                         librorum
                         Nieomachiorum
                         pertexet
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         JVRIS
                         PROFESSORES
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Wilhelmus
                           Ludwell
                        
                         D.
                         à
                         Tit.
                         lib.
                         4.
                         
                         C.
                         de
                         Oblig
                         .
                         &
                         Action
                         .
                         usque
                         ad
                         tit
                         .
                         de
                         Vsur
                         .
                         insigniores
                         &
                         difficiliores
                         leges
                         ,
                         adeoque
                         materiam
                         obligationis
                         ,
                         probationis
                         &
                         compensationis
                         explicare
                         ,
                         &
                         si
                         Deus
                         vitam
                         &
                         valetudinem
                         concesserit
                         ,
                         intra
                         annum
                         absolvere
                         conabitur
                         .
                         Adjectis
                         etiam
                         iis
                         ,
                         quae
                         ex
                         Jure
                         Canonico
                         &
                         Feudali
                         huc
                         pertinere
                         videbuntur
                         .
                      
                       
                         Idem
                         coepta
                         Collegia
                         continuabit
                         ,
                         &
                         petentibus
                         nova
                         aperiet
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Nicolaus
                           Rittershusius
                        
                         D.
                         Explicationes
                         nobiliorum
                         Legum
                         libri
                         xxviii
                         .
                         ff
                         .
                         &
                         sequentium
                         ,
                         publicè
                         continuabit
                         ,
                         privatim
                         verò
                         Collegia
                         habebit
                         ,
                         unum
                         Institutionum
                         Juris
                         ,
                         alterum
                         Historicum
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Ernestus
                           Cregel
                        
                         D.
                         Absolutis
                         libri
                         IV.
                         Institut
                         .
                         Impp.
                         titulis
                         XII
                         .
                         ultimis
                         ,
                         de
                         integro
                         earum
                         interpretationem
                         aggrediar
                         ,
                         &
                         cum
                         studiosè
                         ,
                         ea
                         praeprimis
                         ,
                         quae
                         ad
                         Theoriam
                         spectant
                         ,
                         in
                         illis
                         obscura
                         adhuc
                         illustraverim
                         ,
                         titulos
                         deinceps
                         in
                         Praxi
                         frequentiores
                         intrae
                         sesquiannum
                         ,
                         cum
                         Deo
                         ,
                         enodabo
                         .
                      
                       
                         Ad
                         Publicum
                         Jus
                         quod
                         attinet
                         ,
                         meae
                         in
                         eo
                         sunt
                         defixae
                         cogitationes
                         ,
                         ut
                         illud
                         juxta
                         seriem
                         Juris
                         Civilis
                         ,
                         
                           Personarum
                           scil
                        
                         .
                         Rerum
                         
                           &
                           Actionum
                        
                         ubi
                         libro
                         VII
                         .
                         ac
                         VIII
                         .
                         Jurisprudentiae
                         Publicae
                         Georgii
                         Braudlacht
                         finis
                         est
                         impositus
                         ,
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         ,
                         tractetur
                         .
                         Privatim
                         quemadmodum
                         explicando
                         ac
                         disputando
                         accuratas
                         Excellentissimi
                         JCti
                         &
                         fidelissimi
                         olim
                         mei
                         Doctoris
                         D.
                         
                           Joachimi
                           Schnobelii
                        
                         ,
                         &c.
                         in
                         Digesta
                         Disputationes
                         impraesentiarum
                         evolvo
                         :
                         ita
                         pro
                         virili
                         ,
                         in
                         aliis
                         tam
                         privatis
                         Collegiis
                         ,
                         quam
                         publicis
                         circularibusque
                         Exercitiis
                         qua
                         disputaturis
                         ,
                         qua
                         audituris
                         non
                         deero
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         MEDICINAE
                         PROFESSORES
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Mauritius
                           Hoffman
                        
                         D.
                         Quoad
                         per
                         negotia
                         Magistratus
                         Academici
                         licebit
                         ,
                         post
                         absolutas
                         demonstrationes
                         Botanicas
                         ,
                         in
                         praelectionibus
                         Anatomicis
                         h.
                         9.
                         matut
                         .
                         historiam
                         partium
                         corporis
                         foeminini
                         nuperrimè
                         dissecti
                         physiopathologicè
                         explicabit
                         .
                         In
                         Chirurgicis
                         tractatum
                         de
                         Fracturis
                         proponet
                         .
                         Privatim
                         verò
                         Aphorismorum
                         Hippocr
                         .
                         ex
                         naturâ
                         sanguinis
                         interpretationem
                         &
                         singulis
                         inensibus
                         disputationes
                         familiares
                         continuabit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Jacobus
                           Pancratius
                           Bruno
                        
                         D.
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         h.
                         3.
                         pomer
                         .
                         Institutiones
                         Medicas
                         perspicuâ
                         brevitate
                         explicabit
                         .
                         Diebus
                         verò
                         Jovis
                         &
                         Veneris
                         morborum
                         particularium
                         cognitu
                         &
                         curatu
                         difficiliorum
                         tractationem
                         suscipiet
                         ,
                         operáque
                         suâ
                         novâ
                         studia
                         Auditorum
                         privatim
                         quoque
                         pro
                         viribus
                         dispatando
                         promovebit
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         PHILOSOPHIAE
                         PROFESSORES
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           M.
                           Abdias
                           Trew
                        
                         in
                         Mathematicis
                         Elementa
                         Euclidis
                         in
                         Syllogismos
                         resoluta
                         repetet
                         .
                         Subjunctis
                         post
                         denas
                         circiter
                         propositiones
                         Problematibus
                         ex
                         Mathes●
                         speciali
                         ,
                         ut
                         ita
                         Studiosi
                         simul
                         &
                         fundamentorum
                         Mathematicorum
                         rationem
                         ,
                         &
                         eorundem
                         usum
                         perspiciant
                         .
                      
                       
                         In
                         Physicis
                         decisionem
                         brevem
                         potiorum
                         &
                         usum
                         prae
                         reliquis
                         habentium
                         controversiarum
                         ,
                         nuper
                         inchoatam
                         pertexet
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           M.
                           Joh.
                           Paul.
                           Felwinger
                        
                         Compendium
                         Logicae
                         absolvet
                         :
                         In
                         Metaphysicis
                         tractabit
                         doctrinam
                         Affectionum
                         Entis
                         :
                         In
                         Politicis
                         ,
                         in
                         tractatu
                         de
                         Magistratu
                         ,
                         perget
                         .
                         Collegia
                         Logica
                         ,
                         Metaphysica
                         &
                         Politica
                         aperiet
                         ;
                         &
                         Disputationes
                         Metaphysicas
                         in
                         Aristotelem
                         ,
                         si
                         qui
                         futuri
                         sixt
                         Respondentes
                         ,
                         continuabit
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         
                           Georgius
                           Matthias
                           Kônig
                        
                         proximè
                         Syntagma
                         de
                         Viris
                         literatis
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         auspicabitur
                         .
                         In
                         Epistolâ
                         ad
                         Galatas
                         etiam
                         perget
                         ,
                         eáque
                         finitâ
                         ,
                         ad
                         Epistolam
                         ad
                         Ephesios
                         se
                         conferet
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           M.
                           Joh.
                           Leonhardus
                           Schwaeger
                        
                         explanabit
                         Cioeronis
                         Brutum
                         de
                         claris
                         Oratoribus
                         ,
                         ejusque
                         Oratorem
                         ,
                         seu
                         de
                         perfecto
                         Oratore
                         ad
                         M.
                         Brutum
                         :
                         Characteres
                         verò
                         ,
                         quos
                         hactenus
                         sub
                         explicatione
                         textus
                         Virgiliani
                         sparsim
                         oftendit
                         ,
                         ac
                         porro
                         ostendet
                         ,
                         in
                         unum
                         ctiam
                         simul
                         collectos
                         ,
                         uberiusque
                         diductos
                         ,
                         priorum
                         exemplo
                         excepturis
                         ,
                         ad
                         calamum
                         dictabit
                         .
                         Vtrumque
                         per
                         vices
                         ab
                         ipso
                         fiet
                         horâ
                         pomeridianâ
                         tertiâ
                         ,
                         atque
                         insuper
                         ejus
                         opera
                         ad
                         Exercitia
                         Oratoria
                         ,
                         tam
                         publica
                         quam
                         privata
                         ,
                         in
                         prosa
                         pariter
                         ac
                         ligata
                         petituris
                         parata
                         erit
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           M.
                           Christophorus
                           Molitor
                        
                         diebus
                         Lunae
                         &
                         Martis
                         specimen
                         Philologematum
                         Sacrorum
                         ,
                         juxta
                         ductum
                         Schickardiani
                         horologii
                         vel
                         Atrii
                         Dilherriani
                         dictabit
                         ,
                         diebus
                         autem
                         Jovis
                         &
                         Veneris
                         ,
                         quae
                         in
                         Arabicis
                         restant
                         ,
                         continuabit
                         .
                         Privatim
                         ,
                         si
                         futurus
                         est
                         justus
                         Auditorum
                         numerus
                         ,
                         Collegium
                         tam
                         Rabbinicum
                         ,
                         quam
                         Ebraicum
                         aperiet
                         ,
                         in
                         Rabb
                         .
                         explicabit
                         &
                         continuabit
                         Theologiam
                         Talmudicam
                         Dn.
                         Hackspanii
                         b.
                         m.
                         In
                         Ebraico
                         verò
                         linguae
                         fundamenta
                         docebit
                         ,
                         &
                         uti
                         hact●nus
                         sic
                         nunquam
                         omittet
                         circulum
                         Oratorium
                         .
                      
                       
                         Habebuntur
                         praeterea
                         ,
                         ex
                         Superiorum
                         munificentiâ
                         ,
                         sine
                         Studiosorum
                         sumptibus
                         ,
                         quâvis
                         hebdomade
                         disputationes
                         ,
                         quas
                         vocant
                         ,
                         circulares
                         in
                         Theologicâ
                         ,
                         Juridicâ
                         ,
                         Medicâ
                         &
                         Philosophicâ
                         Facultate
                         ,
                         necnon
                         singulis
                         mensibus
                         Exercitia
                         Oratoria
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               Sept.
               4.
               we
               proceeded
               on
               our
               journey
               to
               Ratisbone
               ,
               and
               passed
               through
               Nieumarkt
               ,
               a
               little
               walled
               town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Bavaria
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               We
               passed
               through
               Heinmaw
               a
               small
               walled
               town
               subject
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Neuburg
               ,
               and
               at
               night
               ,
               passing
               the
               River
               Danow
               ,
               by
               a
               fair
               Stone-Bridge
               ,
               we
               entred
               Ratisbone
               or
               Regensberg
               so
               called
               from
               the
               River
               Regen
               ,
               which
               heer
               falls
               into
               the
               Danow
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               is
               large
               and
               well
               built
               (
               the
               houses
               being
               for
               the
               most
               part
               of
               stone
               )
               adorned
               with
               many
               fair
               palaces
               of
               noble
               men
               ,
               
               well
               walled
               about
               and
               fortified
               .
               The
               streets
               are
               but
               narrow
               .
               The
               roofs
               of
               the
               houses
               are
               not
               built
               so
               steep
               as
               at
               
                 Augsburgh
                 ,
                 Nurenburgh
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               or
               as
               ours
               in
               England
               ,
               but
               flattish
               after
               the
               Italian
               made
               .
               The
               Diet
               of
               the
               Empire
               is
               usually
               held
               heer
               ,
               it
               being
               an
               Imperial
               City
               ,
               and
               governed
               by
               its
               own
               magistrates
               ,
               though
               in
               the
               D.
               of
               
               Bavaria's
               countrey
               .
               This
               city
               hath
               a
               Bishop
               ,
               who
               is
               of
               the
               Romish
               Religion
               ,
               but
               he
               hath
               little
               to
               do
               ,
               all
               the
               magistrates
               and
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               being
               Lutherans
               .
               Yet
               some
               cloisters
               there
               are
               of
               Monks
               and
               Nuns
               ,
               and
               a
               college
               of
               Jesuits
               .
            
             
               Upon
               the
               rocks
               not
               far
               from
               Ratisbone
               a
               little
               below
               the
               town
               on
               the
               other
               side
               the
               river
               we
               found
               ,
               besides
               many
               of
               the
               rarer
               sort
               of
               our
               English
               plants
               ,
               
                 Asclepias
                 flore
                 albo
                 .
                 Daucus
                 montanus
                 Apii
                 folio
                 major
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Apium
                 montanum
                 nigrum
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Caucalis
                 Peucedani
                 folio
              
               Ger.
               as
               I
               take
               it
               :
               It
               hath
               a
               fine
               leaf
               ,
               a
               small
               root
               (
               which
               I
               believe
               yearly
               perishes
               )
               reddish
               stalks
               ,
               an
               umbel
               of
               white
               flowers
               ,
               to
               which
               succeed
               small
               round
               seeds
               with
               purple
               
                 apices
                 :
                 An
                 Daucus
                 montanus
                 Apii
                 folio
                 ,
                 flore
                 luteo
              
               C.
               B
               ?
               It
               hath
               winged
               leaves
               like
               to
               Bipennella
               but
               larger
               ,
               the
               several
               wings
               of
               each
               leaf
               being
               as
               large
               as
               and
               like
               unto
               the
               intire
               leaf
               of
               the
               said
               Bipennella
               ;
               a
               great
               root
               ,
               but
               not
               hot
               ;
               in
               tast
               as
               the
               Burnet-Saxifrages
               are
               ;
               the
               
               stalk
               riseth
               up
               to
               the
               highth
               of
               a
               man
               almost
               ;
               the
               seeds
               are
               round
               ,
               striate
               ,
               covered
               with
               a
               hoary
               down
               ,
               reddish
               toward
               the
               top
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               hot
               spicy
               tast
               .
               
                 Tithymalus
                 verrucosus
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Stoebe
                 major
                 calyculis
                 non
                 splendantibus
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Hepaticum
                 trifolium
              
               Lob.
               
                 Flammula
                 Jovis
                 ;
                 Cerinthe
                 major
                 flore
                 luteo
                 ;
                 Fraxinella
                 ;
                 Cytisus
                 supinus
                 sylvest
                 .
                 Ratisponensis
                 flor
                 .
                 lut
                 .
                 ad
                 exortum
                 foliorum
                 prodeuntibus
              
               Cat.
               Aldtdorf
               .
               
                 Cytisus
                 Gesneri
                 cui
                 flores
                 ferè
                 spicati
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Euphrasia
                 pratensis
                 lutea
              
               C.
               B.
               which
               we
               first
               found
               not
               far
               from
               
                 Heinmaw
                 ;
                 Phalangium
                 ramosum
                 ;
                 Chamaedrys
                 vulgaris
                 &
                 Cham.
                 foliis
                 laciniatis
                 ;
                 Aster
                 montanus
                 luteus
                 hirsuto
                 salicis
                 folio
                 ;
                 Aster
                 Austriacus
              
               4
               Clus
               .
               i.
               e.
               Linaria
               aurea
               
                 Tragi
                 ;
                 Aster
                 Atticus
                 Italorum
                 flore
                 purpureo
              
               Park
               .
               Oxyacantha
               sive
               
                 Berberis
                 ;
                 Bugula
                 caerulea
                 Alpina
                 ;
                 Orobanche
                 minor
                 purpureis
                 floribus
                 ,
                 sive
                 ramosa
                 ,
              
               in
               the
               Corn-fields
               .
               
                 Chondrilla
                 carulea
              
               J.
               B.
               Folia
               huic
               valdè
               laciniata
               ,
               glabra
               ,
               glauca
               .
               Flores
               longis
               insident
               pediculis
               ,
               dilutè
               caerulei
               &
               ad
               ruborem
               inclinantes
               .
               
                 Securidaca
                 dumetorum
                 major
                 flore
                 vario
                 ,
                 siliquis
                 articulatis
              
               C.
               B.
               which
               is
               common
               all
               over
               
                 Germany
                 .
                 Veronica
                 supina
                 facie
                 Teucrii
                 pratensis
              
               no
               less
               common
               ;
               
                 Lepidium
                 annuum
              
               growing
               among
               Radishes
               ;
               and
               
                 Foenum
                 Graecum
              
               which
               I
               suppos
               ,
               was
               sown
               there
               .
            
             
               Septemb.
               10.
               we
               hired
               a
               Boat
               for
               Vienna
               :
               First
               ,
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               as
               we
               went
               down
               the
               river
               ,
               we
               passed
               by
               a
               little
               village
               and
               a
               castle
               standing
               on
               a
               hill
               ,
               called
               Thonastan
               .
               About
               three
               miles
               and
               half
               below
               Regensberg
               we
               passed
               in
               sight
               of
               Wert
               ,
               a
               castle
               belonging
               to
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Ratisbone
               ,
               seated
               on
               a
               hill
               by
               a
               river
               called
               Wisent
               ,
               which
               heer
               runs
               into
               the
               Danow
               .
               
               This
               night
               we
               lodged
               at
               Straubing
               ,
               a
               very
               handsom
               ,
               pleasant
               ,
               walled
               Town
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Bavaria
               ,
               five
               miles
               below
               Ratisbone
               .
            
             
               Sept.
               12.
               in
               the
               morning
               we
               past
               Pogen
               where
               is
               a
               Church
               standing
               on
               a
               high
               hill
               .
               Four
               miles
               below
               Straubing
               we
               rowed
               under
               a
               wooden
               bridge
               which
               
               there
               crosses
               the
               Danow
               .
               Heer
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               as
               one
               goes
               down
               ,
               stands
               Dreckendorf
               ,
               a
               walled
               town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Bavaria
               .
               A
               little
               further
               off
               we
               passed
               by
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               river
               Iser
               .
               Then
               we
               had
               a
               prospect
               of
               Osterhoven
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               ,
               and
               not
               far
               thence
               a
               small
               village
               called
               Hofkirchen
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               same
               side
               still
               a
               little
               castle
               called
               Hilkersberg
               ,
               where
               the
               shores
               along
               the
               river
               began
               to
               be
               rocky
               .
               This
               night
               we
               lodged
               at
               a
               pretty
               little
               walled
               town
               built
               of
               stone
               ,
               
               called
               Vilshoven
               ,
               belonging
               to
               Bavaria
               .
            
             
               Sept.
               13.
               
               
               At
               four
               miles
               distance
               from
               Vilshoven
               we
               came
               to
               Passaw
               ,
               a
               considerable
               city
               for
               its
               strength
               and
               greatness
               ,
               formerly
               well
               built
               with
               many
               fair
               stone
               houses
               .
               But
               about
               three
               quarters
               of
               a
               year
               before
               our
               being
               there
               ,
               a
               most
               dreadful
               Fire
               burnt
               down
               ,
               ruin'd
               and
               destroy'd
               almost
               the
               whole
               Town
               ,
               Churches
               ,
               public
               buildings
               and
               all
               .
               It
               is
               situate
               just
               at
               the
               confluence
               of
               the
               rivers
               In
               and
               Danow
               ,
               and
               subject
               to
               the
               Archduke
               of
               Inspruck
               ,
               who
               ,
               we
               were
               told
               ,
               gave
               50000
               dollars
               towards
               the
               rebuilding
               of
               it
               .
               Heer
               is
               a
               bridge
               over
               the
               river
               In
               to
               a
               town
               called
               Instat
               .
               Hitherto
               the
               river
               Danow
               flowed
               gently
               down
               ,
               but
               below
               Passaw
               ,
               it
               began
               to
               be
               streightned
               by
               hills
               on
               both
               sides
               and
               to
               run
               with
               a
               swifter
               stream
               .
               Seven
               miles
               from
               Passaw
               we
               passed
               by
               Nayhonse
               castle
               ,
               and
               this
               third
               night
               lodged
               at
               a
               pretty
               little
               village
               belonging
               to
               the
               Emperor
               called
               Asch
               ,
               standing
               on
               the
               right
               side
               of
               the
               river
               .
            
             
               Sept.
               14.
               we
               had
               an
               open
               countrey
               again
               ,
               no
               hills
               being
               near
               the
               river
               .
               At
               four
               miles
               end
               we
               landed
               at
               Lintz
               ,
               
               and
               viewed
               the
               city
               ,
               which
               we
               found
               to
               be
               a
               very
               elegant
               place
               ,
               well
               built
               with
               stone
               houses
               flat
               rooft
               after
               the
               Italian
               fashion
               ;
               having
               a
               large
               square
               Piazza
               with
               two
               fountains
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               highest
               part
               a
               fair
               palace
               of
               the
               Emperor
               ,
               whence
               there
               is
               a
               pleasant
               prospect
               of
               the
               Danow
               and
               Countrey
               adjacent
               .
               About
               three
               miles
               below
               Lintz
               we
               
               passed
               a
               pretty
               village
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               ,
               called
               Malhausen
               .
               Then
               we
               had
               a
               prospect
               of
               a
               town
               on
               our
               right
               hand
               situate
               upon
               the
               river
               Ens
               called
               Intz.
               Seven
               miles
               below
               Lintz
               are
               hills
               again
               on
               both
               sides
               the
               river
               .
               Heerabouts
               is
               a
               village
               called
               Greine
               ,
               where
               the
               Earl
               of
               Lichtenstein
               hath
               a
               house
               situate
               on
               a
               hill
               .
               Below
               Greine
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               is
               a
               little
               village
               ,
               where
               we
               past
               a
               dangerous
               place
               in
               the
               river
               called
               Strom
               ,
               where
               the
               stream
               being
               streightned
               by
               hills
               on
               each
               hand
               runs
               very
               swiftly
               ,
               and
               besides
               is
               full
               of
               rocks
               :
               a
               little
               further
               below
               a
               rock
               ,
               which
               jets
               a
               good
               way
               out
               into
               the
               river
               ,
               we
               passed
               a
               violent
               whirtl-pool
               called
               the
               Werble
               .
               At
               some
               distance
               further
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               stands
               a
               small
               village
               under
               a
               high
               hill
               ,
               half
               whereof
               fell
               down
               about
               two
               years
               before
               our
               being
               there
               ,
               which
               made
               so
               great
               a
               noise
               that
               it
               was
               heard
               two
               German
               miles
               off
               ,
               at
               Ips
               ,
               a
               little
               town
               we
               passed
               by
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               .
               We
               lodged
               this
               fourth
               night
               at
               a
               small
               village
               called
               Morpach
               ,
               11
               miles
               from
               Lintz
               .
            
             
               Sept.
               15.
               in
               the
               morning
               we
               went
               by
               a
               rich
               cloister
               called
               Melk
               on
               our
               right
               .
               At
               six
               miles
               distance
               from
               our
               lodging
               we
               passed
               a
               fair
               house
               of
               the
               Earl
               of
               
               Dernstein's
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               ,
               and
               heerabout
               had
               a
               prospect
               of
               Ketwein
               a
               rich
               Abby
               strongly
               situate
               on
               a
               hill
               ,
               attempted
               by
               the
               Swedes
               without
               succchess
               .
               About
               nine
               miles
               from
               Marbach
               we
               passed
               under
               a
               wooden
               bridge
               by
               a
               little
               walled
               town
               called
               Stein
               ,
               where
               the
               Swedes
               (
               they
               told
               us
               )
               were
               notably
               beaten
               and
               driven
               out
               again
               after
               they
               had
               entred
               the
               town
               ;
               which
               repulse
               they
               afterwards
               revenged
               ,
               when
               they
               took
               the
               place
               ,
               by
               plundering
               and
               spoiling
               it
               .
               Not
               far
               hence
               we
               landed
               to
               view
               Krembs
               ,
               
               a
               considerable
               city
               seated
               on
               the
               side
               of
               a
               hill
               ,
               well-built
               ,
               walled
               about
               and
               trenched
               towards
               the
               river
               .
               From
               hence
               we
               came
               into
               an
               open
               countrey
               ,
               and
               the
               river
               being
               at
               liberty
               ,
               the
               chanel
               grew
               much
               wider
               .
               Six
               miles
               below
               Krembs
               we
               passed
               by
               a
               small
               walled
               Town
               oh
               
               the
               right
               hand
               called
               Deuln
               ;
               then
               we
               had
               the
               prospect
               of
               Greitenstein
               ,
               a
               castle
               situate
               on
               a
               hill
               at
               some
               distance
               from
               the
               river
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               ;
               next
               we
               had
               a
               sight
               of
               Cornberg
               ,
               a
               wall'd
               town
               in
               a
               plain
               not
               far
               from
               the
               Danow
               ;
               taken
               by
               the
               Swedes
               in
               the
               late
               wars
               and
               by
               them
               notably
               defended
               against
               the
               Emperor
               .
               Heer
               and
               afterward
               at
               several
               other
               places
               we
               observed
               mills
               built
               upon
               two
               boats
               ,
               the
               wheel
               lying
               between
               the
               boats
               ,
               which
               are
               fixed
               at
               a
               convenient
               distance
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               stream
               coming
               between
               the
               boats
               ,
               and
               by
               reason
               it
               is
               streightned
               by
               degrees
               ,
               running
               more
               swiftly
               ,
               turns
               the
               wheel
               .
               One
               of
               the
               boats
               is
               by
               strong
               cables
               or
               chains
               at
               each
               end
               fastned
               to
               the
               bank
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               boats
               ,
               mill
               and
               all
               rise
               and
               fall
               with
               the
               water
               .
               About
               a
               mile
               and
               half
               before
               we
               reach'd
               Vienna
               we
               went
               by
               a
               fair
               rich
               Abby
               called
               Claisternaiberg
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               wall'd
               town
               of
               the
               same
               name
               ;
               and
               at
               the
               end
               of
               19
               German
               miles
               ,
               which
               the
               swiftness
               of
               the
               current
               assisting
               us
               ,
               we
               made
               this
               day
               ,
               we
               arrived
               at
               Vienna
               ,
               
               the
               chief
               city
               of
               Austria
               ,
               and
               at
               present
               the
               imperial
               seat
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               the
               river
               Wien
               which
               runs
               into
               the
               Danow
               no
               the
               East
               side
               of
               the
               Town
               .
               It
               is
               for
               the
               bigness
               of
               it
               the
               most
               frequent
               and
               full
               of
               people
               that
               we
               have
               yet
               seen
               beyond
               the
               seas
               .
               The
               wall
               is
               not
               above
               four
               or
               five
               English
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ,
               but
               there
               are
               large
               Suburbs
               at
               a
               little
               distance
               from
               the
               town
               ,
               those
               houses
               that
               were
               very
               near
               being
               lately
               pull'd
               down
               to
               clear
               the
               wall
               and
               works
               for
               fear
               of
               a
               Siege
               :
               The
               Tures
               at
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               there
               having
               taken
               Neuhausel
               ,
               and
               news
               coming
               that
               they
               were
               marching
               with
               their
               whole
               army
               towards
               Presburg
               in
               Hungary
               ,
               not
               above
               40
               English
               miles
               distant
               from
               Vienna
               .
               This
               City
               is
               regularly
               and
               strongly
               fortified
               with
               a
               high
               and
               impenetrable
               wall
               of
               earth
               faced
               with
               brick
               ,
               a
               broad
               and
               deep
               trench
               ,
               into
               which
               they
               can
               (
               as
               they
               told
               us
               )
               when
               they
               please
               draw
               the
               water
               ;
               Bastions
               ,
               half-moons
               
               and
               horn-words
               ,
               &c.
               that
               it
               is
               justly
               reputed
               one
               of
               the
               strongest
               holds
               of
               Christendom
               .
               The
               inner
               wall
               ,
               which
               was
               said
               to
               be
               built
               with
               the
               ransom
               of
               Richard.
               I.
               King
               of
               England
               ,
               is
               of
               little
               strength
               or
               consideration
               in
               comparison
               with
               the
               new
               and
               outer
               one
               .
               The
               houses
               are
               sufficiently
               tall
               and
               well
               built
               of
               stone
               ,
               the
               roofs
               flattish
               after
               the
               Italian
               mode
               :
               The
               streets
               rather
               narrow
               than
               broad
               ;
               the
               markets
               well
               stored
               with
               all
               necessaries
               .
               Heer
               we
               first
               met
               with
               tortoises
               to
               be
               sold
               ,
               at
               the
               rate
               of
               six
               pence
               apiece
               :
               they
               are
               found
               in
               muddy
               ditches
               in
               these
               parts
               .
               Heer
               also
               we
               first
               took
               notice
               of
               the
               fruit
               of
               
                 Sorbus
                 legitima
              
               ;
               and
               first
               saw
               in
               the
               fish-markets
               the
               Silurus
               or
               Sheat-fish
               ,
               the
               greatest
               of
               all
               fresh-water
               fish
               that
               we
               have
               seen
               ,
               some
               of
               them
               weighing
               above
               100
               pound
               .
               The
               Emperors
               palace
               ,
               the
               Cathedral
               church
               and
               other
               public
               buildings
               deserve
               remembrance
               were
               it
               my
               design
               minutely
               to
               describe
               places
               .
               The
               Emperor
               is
               of
               a
               mean
               stature
               and
               dark
               complexion
               ,
               thin-visaged
               ,
               his
               hair
               black
               ,
               his
               under-lip
               thick
               and
               hanging
               down
               a
               little
               ,
               much
               like
               his
               effigies
               on
               his
               coin
               .
               
               As
               for
               plants
               we
               found
               heerabout
               ,
               
                 Onobrychis
                 spicata
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 ,
                 Psyllium
                 vulgare
                 ;
                 Kalispinosum
                 ,
              
               at
               this
               distance
               from
               the
               Sea.
               
                 Scabiosa
                 foliis
                 dissectis
                 ,
                 flore
                 albo
                 vel
              
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               Clus
               .
               
                 Dorycnio
                 congener
              
               in
               great
               plenty
               .
               
                 Marrubium
                 album
                 angustifolium
                 peregrinum
              
               C.
               B.
               as
               it
               seemed
               to
               me
               .
               In
               the
               Island
               of
               Danubius
               near
               
                 Vienna
                 ,
                 Aristolochia
                 Clematitis
                 &
                 Solanum
                 vesicarium
                 sive
                 Alkekengi
              
               plentifully
               .
            
             
               We
               hired
               a
               coach
               for
               Venice
               and
               began
               our
               journey
               thitherward
               ,
               
               and
               this
               night
               lodged
               at
               a
               great
               Village
               called
               Trayskerk
               four
               miles
               distant
               from
               Vienna
               :
               by
               the
               way-side
               we
               found
               store
               of
               
                 Absinthium
                 Austriacum
                 ●enuifolium
              
               Clus
               .
            
             
               At
               four
               miles
               end
               we
               came
               to
               
                 Neustat
                 (
                 Neapolis
                 Austriaca
              
               they
               call
               it
               )
               well
               walled
               and
               trencht
               about
               ,
               
               of
               a
               square
               figure
               ,
               mean
               bigness
               ,
               handsomly
               built
               ,
               
               having
               streight
               streets
               and
               a
               fair
               square
               market-place
               .
               At
               three
               of
               the
               corners
               are
               mounts
               or
               bastions
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               fourth
               a
               Castle
               .
               In
               the
               layes
               near
               this
               town
               I
               first
               found
               
                 Asperula
                 caerulea
              
               .
               Two
               miles
               beyond
               Neustat
               we
               began
               to
               leave
               the
               open
               countrey
               and
               to
               come
               among
               hills
               .
               We
               lodged
               this
               night
               at
               a
               village
               called
               Gluknitz
               four
               miles
               distant
               from
               Neustat
               .
               The
               houses
               in
               these
               villages
               are
               for
               the
               most
               part
               covered
               with
               shingles
               of
               wood
               :
               the
               hills
               clothed
               with
               woods
               of
               Pine.
               
            
             
               After
               two
               miles
               riding
               we
               came
               to
               a
               village
               called
               Schadwyen
               or
               Shadwin
               ,
               
               seated
               between
               the
               mountains
               and
               enclosed
               with
               a
               gate
               at
               each
               end
               .
               Heer
               we
               alighted
               and
               our
               Coachman
               hired
               ten
               oxen
               (
               which
               stood
               there
               ready
               for
               that
               purpose
               )
               to
               draw
               his
               Coach
               up
               a
               steep
               ascent
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               hills
               which
               part
               Austria
               and
               Stiria
               .
               On
               the
               sides
               and
               top
               of
               this
               hill
               we
               found
               these
               plants
               ,
               
               
                 Libanotis
                 Theophrasti
                 minor
              
               Park
               .
               
                 Cyclamen
                 autumnale
              
               of
               two
               sorts
               .
               
                 Tussilago
                 Alpina
                 folio
                 rotundo
              
               .
               A
               sort
               of
               small
               Trachelium
               that
               I
               have
               not
               elsewhere
               seen
               .
               A
               small
               sort
               of
               
                 Muscus
                 clavatus
              
               ,
               with
               leaves
               like
               Juniper
               .
               Larix
               abundantly
               .
               
                 Lysimachia
                 lutea
                 in
                 alis
                 )
                 foliorum
                 florens
                 .
              
               A
               kind
               of
               Glaux
               with
               a
               rough
               cod
               .
               
                 Gentiana
                 folio
                 Asclepiadis
              
               abundantly
               ,
               and
               many
               others
               that
               we
               had
               before
               met
               with
               .
               In
               this
               journey
               we
               also
               found
               
                 Muscus
                 denticulatus
                 major
              
               in
               the
               shady
               lanes
               in
               many
               places
               :
               and
               in
               watery
               and
               springy
               places
               
                 Alsine
                 muscosa
              
               J.
               B.
               further
               on
               we
               came
               to
               a
               little
               wall'd
               place
               near
               the
               river
               Muercz
               ,
               called
               Mertzuschlag
               .
               Heerabout
               are
               many
               mills
               ;
               and
               sithes
               and
               sickles
               made
               heer
               ;
               then
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               village
               called
               Langenwang
               ,
               where
               stands
               a
               castle
               on
               a
               hill
               :
               after
               that
               another
               called
               Kriegla
               ,
               where
               we
               crost
               the
               river
               .
               This
               afternoon
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               pleasant
               valley
               among
               woody
               mountains
               ,
               and
               at
               night
               took
               up
               our
               loding
               at
               Kimberg
               a
               large
               village
               six
               long
               miles
               distant
               from
               Glocknitz
               .
            
             
             
               We
               travelled
               along
               the
               same
               valley
               ,
               
               and
               passed
               through
               a
               great
               village
               called
               Kapsuberg
               ;
               besides
               many
               other
               villages
               ,
               castles
               and
               Gentlemens
               houses
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               hills
               ,
               which
               we
               rode
               near
               to
               ;
               and
               at
               three
               miles
               end
               came
               to
               
                 Pruck
                 an
                 der
                 Mure
              
               ,
               
               
                 i.
                 e.
                 Bons
                 Muroe
              
               a
               fair
               town
               for
               this
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               walled
               about
               ,
               having
               a
               large
               market-place
               with
               a
               fountain
               in
               it
               .
               Proaeding
               on
               in
               the
               same
               valley
               some
               two
               leagues
               further
               ,
               
               we
               passed
               Lewben
               ,
               a
               very
               neat
               ,
               pleasant
               and
               well-built
               walled
               town
               ,
               better
               than
               we
               expected
               to
               have
               found
               any
               in
               this
               mountainous
               Countrey
               .
               It
               hath
               a
               fair
               market-place
               with
               fountains
               .
               And
               we
               observed
               much
               Iron
               lying
               in
               the
               streets
               ,
               which
               is
               heer
               made
               ,
               and
               wherewith
               the
               inhabitants
               drive
               a
               great
               trade
               .
               Heer
               we
               crossed
               the
               Mura
               twice
               ,
               and
               soon
               after
               we
               were
               past
               Lewben
               we
               rode
               over
               a
               hill
               ,
               and
               following
               the
               course
               of
               the
               said
               river
               among
               the
               mountains
               ,
               at
               evening
               we
               came
               to
               a
               village
               called
               S.
               Michael
               ,
               where
               ,
               we
               lodged
               .
               We
               saw
               in
               these
               parts
               many
               men
               and
               women
               with
               large
               swellings
               under
               their
               chins
               or
               on
               their
               throats
               ,
               called
               in
               Latin
               or
               rather
               in
               
                 Greec
                 ,
                 Bronchocelt
              
               ,
               and
               by
               some
               in
               
                 English
                 ,
                 Bavarian
                 ,
                 P●●kes
              
               .
               Some
               of
               them
               were
               single
               ,
               others
               double
               and
               treble
               .
               This
               is
               a
               disease
               which
               these
               Alpine
               Nations
               have
               of
               old
               been
               subject
               to
               
                 Quis
                 tumidum
                 guttur
                 miretur
                 in
                 Al●plbvs
                 ?
              
               Yet
               among
               the
               Grisons
               ,
               who
               live
               on
               the
               highest
               parts
               of
               the
               Alps
               ,
               I
               do
               not
               remember
               to
               have
               seen
               any
               of
               these
               ●I
               dare
               say
               there
               are
               not
               half
               so
               many
               thereabouts
               as
               in
               these
               Countries
               .
               What
               should
               be
               the
               Cause
               of
               this
               evil
               ,
               whether
               the
               drinking
               of
               Snow-water
               ,
               or
               water
               infected
               with
               the
               vi●ose
               steams
               and
               particles
               of
               Mercury
               ,
               or
               other
               minerals
               and
               metals
               ,
               wherewith
               in
               all
               probability
               those
               mountains
               abound
               ,
               is
               no
               easie
               matter
               to
               determin
               .
               For
               on
               the
               one
               hand
               ,
               in
               some
               mountainous
               countries
               ,
               where
               the
               snow
               lies
               as
               long
               as
               it
               doth-heer
               ,
               and
               consequently
               their
               waters
               are
               little
               else
               then
               
               snow
               dissolved
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               very
               few
               infected
               with
               this
               disease
               :
               and
               on
               the
               other
               hand
               ,
               as
               few
               in
               
                 Hungary
                 ,
                 Transylvania
              
               and
               other
               countries
               abounding
               with
               mercury
               and
               other
               minerals
               .
               We
               must
               therefore
               suspend
               ,
               till
               some
               ingenious
               Physician
               of
               these
               Countries
               ,
               by
               long
               and
               diligent
               observing
               what
               causes
               or
               occasions
               these
               Tumours
               ,
               and
               likewise
               what
               prevents
               and
               cures
               them
               ,
               instructs
               us
               better
               .
            
             
               We
               also
               observed
               in
               these
               Countries
               more
               Idiots
               and
               delirous
               persons
               than
               any
               where
               else
               ;
               which
               we
               imputed
               sometime
               to
               the
               snow-water
               ,
               sometime
               to
               the
               inordinate
               eating
               of
               Cabbage
               ,
               of
               which
               in
               all
               the
               market-towns
               we
               saw
               monstrous
               heaps
               lying
               to
               be
               sold
               .
               But
               upon
               further
               consideration
               I
               think
               with
               Palmarius
               ,
               it
               ought
               rather
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               the
               mineral
               steams
               that
               infect
               their
               waters
               ,
               especially
               Mercurial
               .
               For
               we
               see
               the
               vapour
               of
               Quicksilver
               doth
               principally
               affect
               the
               brain
               and
               nervose
               parts
               ,
               begetting
               palsies
               and
               deliriums
               in
               Painters
               ,
               Gilders
               .
               Miners
               and
               those
               that
               are
               much
               conversant
               about
               it
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               on
               by
               the
               river
               Mures
               side
               to
               Knittlefield
               ,
               
               a
               walled
               town
               three
               miles
               from
               S.
               Michael
               ,
               and
               then
               proceeding
               along
               the
               same
               valley
               ,
               we
               passed
               by
               some
               Noblemens
               houses
               and
               castles
               ,
               and
               lodged
               at
               a
               village
               upon
               the
               Mure
               called
               
                 S.
                 Georgio
              
               ,
               four
               miles
               from
               Knittefield
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               on
               in
               the
               same
               valley
               by
               the
               river
               Mure
               till
               we
               came
               to
               Newmarkt
               ,
               
               a
               little
               walled
               place
               ,
               four
               miles
               from
               
                 S.
                 Georgio
              
               .
               Then
               we
               followed
               the
               course
               of
               another
               little
               river
               which
               runs
               into
               the
               Dravus
               about
               Volckmarck
               ,
               in
               a
               narrow
               valley
               between
               high
               hills
               ,
               and
               a
               mile
               from
               Newmarkt
               we
               came
               to
               a
               considerable
               wall'd
               town
               called
               Freisach
               ,
               
               in
               which
               are
               four
               cloisters
               .
               A
               mile
               further
               we
               came
               to
               Heirt
               in
               Carinthia
               where
               we
               lay
               this
               night
               .
            
             
             
               We
               rode
               rocky
               ways
               through
               valleys
               to
               
                 S.
                 Veit
              
               or
               Vit
               ,
               a
               wall'd
               town
               of
               some
               note
               ,
               
               three
               miles
               distant
               from
               Heirt
               .
               The
               Emperor
               hath
               a
               Mint-house
               for
               coining
               money
               heer
               .
               Proceeding
               on
               three
               miles
               further
               we
               arrived
               at
               Vilkircken
               ,
               which
               had
               been
               a
               market-Town
               of
               note
               ,
               but
               about
               three
               years
               since
               a
               lamentable
               Fire
               burnt
               it
               down
               to
               the
               ground
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               very
               rugged
               way
               among
               the
               mountains
               and
               rocks
               ,
               
               passing
               the
               whole
               length
               of
               a
               Lake
               called
               Oostsukersey
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               further
               end
               of
               it
               observed
               a
               strong
               castle
               seated
               on
               a
               high
               hill
               belonging
               to
               the
               Earl
               of
               Dietrichstein
               ,
               a
               Prince
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               
               who
               coins
               money
               .
               Then
               we
               came
               down
               into
               a
               pleasant
               valley
               ,
               and
               so
               over
               the
               river
               Dravus
               .
               which
               is
               heer
               navigable
               ,
               and
               runs
               by
               the
               walls
               of
               Villach
               ,
               
               a
               well-built
               town
               and
               one
               of
               the
               chief
               of
               this
               Countrey
               ,
               three
               miles
               distant
               from
               Vilkerck
               .
               A
               good
               distance
               from
               Villach
               we
               passed
               the
               Guile
               ,
               a
               considerable
               river
               falling
               into
               the
               Dravus
               ;
               and
               had
               very
               rocky
               way
               among
               high
               mountains
               till
               we
               came
               to
               Orlesteina
               ,
               a
               village
               where
               we
               lodged
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               among
               high
               mountains
               very
               bad
               way
               to
               a
               village
               called
               
                 Klein
                 Tarvis
              
               two
               miles
               ,
               
               and
               proceeding
               on
               still
               among
               the
               mountains
               we
               came
               to
               the
               river
               Timent
               ,
               which
               runs
               into
               the
               Adriatic
               Sea
               ;
               
               and
               lodged
               this
               night
               at
               Pontieba
               ,
               the
               last
               town
               we
               passed
               in
               the
               Emperors
               countrey
               ,
               part
               of
               it
               is
               subject
               to
               the
               Emperor
               called
               
                 Pontieba
                 Imperiale
              
               ,
               and
               part
               to
               the
               Venetians
               ,
               called
               
                 Pontieba
                 Veneta
              
               ,
               where
               we
               took
               a
               bill
               of
               health
               for
               Venice
               .
               Between
               
                 Klein
                 Tarvis
              
               and
               Pontieba
               ,
               we
               saw
               a
               herd
               of
               Goats
               following
               the
               Goat-herd
               like
               so
               many
               dogs
               :
               in
               other
               places
               we
               have
               seen
               sheep
               in
               that
               manner
               following
               their
               shepherd
               ,
               which
               no
               doubt
               was
               usual
               in
               Judaea
               ;
               for
               our
               Saviour
               John
               10.
               4.
               comparing
               himself
               to
               a
               shepherd
               and
               his
               disciples
               and
               servants
               to
               sheep
               ,
               saith
               ,
               
                 And
                 he
                 goeth
                 before
                 his
                 sheep
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 for
              
               
               Which
               would
               have
               seemed
               strange
               to
               the
               hearers
               had
               the
               shepherds
               been
               wont
               only
               to
               drive
               their
               sheep
               ,
               as
               with
               us
               they
               do
               .
            
             
               We
               past
               over
               the
               river
               Timent
               by
               a
               bridge
               that
               parts
               Carinthia
               from
               Friuli
               .
               
               About
               a
               German
               mile
               off
               we
               came
               to
               a
               little
               fort
               in
               a
               village
               called
               Clausen
               ,
               where
               are
               two
               draw-bridges
               ,
               which
               we
               were
               not
               permitted
               to
               pass
               ,
               till
               we
               had
               delivered
               our
               bill
               of
               health
               .
               Hence
               we
               travelled
               along
               by
               the
               river
               ,
               and
               observed
               timber-trees
               floted
               down
               the
               stream
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               rocks
               stopped
               them
               ,
               men
               with
               hooks
               put
               them
               off
               and
               directed
               them
               into
               the
               force
               of
               the
               current
               .
               This
               is
               the
               manner
               all
               over
               the
               Alps
               and
               other
               high
               mountains
               ,
               they
               fell
               trees
               and
               get
               them
               to
               any
               little
               current
               of
               water
               and
               expect
               a
               good
               shot
               of
               rain
               ,
               and
               then
               flote
               them
               down
               to
               the
               greater
               rivers
               .
               This
               day
               we
               passed
               Vensonga
               ,
               
               a
               pretty
               little
               wall'd
               town
               ,
               and
               lodged
               at
               Hospitaletto
               a
               large
               village
               ,
               where
               we
               got
               quit
               of
               the
               mountains
               ,
               and
               came
               into
               the
               plain
               Countrey
               of
               Friuli
               .
            
             
               We
               passed
               by
               Limonia
               a
               wall'd
               town
               situate
               on
               the
               rising
               of
               a
               hill
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               mountains
               ,
               
               Some
               miles
               further
               we
               passed
               S.
               Danicle
               ;
               then
               we
               forded
               the
               river
               Timent
               in
               several
               places
               .
               The
               river
               heerabouts
               in
               a
               time
               of
               rain
               or
               when
               the
               snow
               melts
               on
               the
               mountains
               ,
               spreads
               itself
               to
               a
               very
               great
               breadth
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               the
               empty
               chanel
               .
               Soon
               after
               we
               had
               passed
               the
               river
               ,
               we
               ascended
               a
               cliff
               and
               entred
               the
               walls
               of
               a
               little
               town
               called
               Spilimberg
               ,
               where
               were
               rows
               or
               cloisters
               on
               each
               side
               the
               street
               under
               the
               houses
               ,
               
               which
               we
               after
               found
               in
               many
               of
               the
               towns
               of
               Lombardy
               ;
               ten
               Italian
               miles
               further
               riding
               brought
               us
               to
               S.
               Avogio
               ,
               a
               village
               where
               we
               rested
               this
               night
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               along
               the
               plains
               and
               at
               ten
               miles
               end
               came
               to
               Saribe
               a
               walled
               town
               ,
               
               where
               the
               river
               Livenza
               
               divides
               itself
               and
               encompasseth
               the
               wall
               .
               From
               hence
               we
               drove
               on
               about
               two
               Dutoh
               miles
               and
               lodged
               at
               Conegliano
               ,
               
               a
               wall'd
               Town
               seated
               on
               the
               ridge
               of
               a
               hill
               a
               place
               of
               good
               account
               ,
               as
               is
               also
               Saribe
               .
            
             
               All
               the
               way
               we
               travelled
               in
               Italy
               hitherto
               we
               had
               little
               other
               bread
               than
               what
               was
               made
               of
               Sorghum
               ,
               a
               grain
               the
               blade
               whereof
               arises
               to
               seven
               or
               eight
               foot
               highth
               and
               is
               as
               great
               as
               ones
               finger
               ,
               bearing
               a
               large
               panicle
               on
               the
               top
               ,
               the
               berry
               or
               seed
               being
               bigger
               than
               that
               of
               wheat
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               dusky
               colour
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               a
               Dutch
               mile
               and
               then
               ferried
               over
               the
               river
               Anaxus
               or
               Piave
               ,
               
               and
               at
               ten
               Italiam
               miles
               further
               come
               to
               Treaviso
               a
               large
               Town
               ,
               
               the
               head
               of
               a
               Province
               called
               
                 Marea
                 Trevisana
              
               ,
               an
               important
               place
               for
               strength
               ,
               but
               too
               near
               and
               too
               obnoxious
               to
               Venice
               to
               be
               rich
               .
               From
               Treviso
               we
               rode
               through
               a
               very
               fertil
               and
               well
               cultivated
               countrey
               to
               Mestre
               ,
               a
               little
               Town
               by
               the
               Lagnne
               ,
               (
               so
               they
               call
               the
               Flats
               about
               Venice
               ,
               which
               are
               all
               covered
               with
               water
               when
               the
               Tide
               is
               in
               )
               where
               we
               took
               boat
               for
               Venice
               .
            
             
               Upon
               the
               mountains
               we
               passed
               over
               this
               voyage
               ,
               we
               found
               a
               great
               number
               of
               plants
               we
               had
               not
               before
               met
               with
               ,
               as
               
                 Quinquifolium
                 alb●m
                 majus
                 caulesc●●●
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Quinquefolium
                 album
                 majus
                 alterum
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Teucrium
                 Alpinum
                 Cisti
                 flore
                 ,
                 Epimcdium
                 vilgae
                 ;
                 Linaria
                 purpurea
                 parva
              
               J.
               B.
               And
               not
               far
               from
               Pontieba
               on
               Italy
               side
               upon
               the
               rocks
               ,
               
                 Ledum
                 Alpinum
                 hirsutum
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Ledum
                 Alpinum
                 hirsutum
                 minus
              
               ,
               An
               
                 Cistus
                 Austriacus
                 myrtifolius
                 ?
                 Auricula
                 ursi●
                 Sedum
                 serra
                 tum
                 alterum
                 foliis
                 longis
                 angustis
                 ;
                 Sedum
                 Alpinum
                 minimum
                 ,
                 foliis
                 cinereis
                 ,
                 flore
                 candido
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Siler
                 montanum
              
               and
               many
               others
               .
               
                 Helleborus
                 niger
                 verus
              
               plentifully
               all
               over
               the
               highest
               mountains
               .
               
                 Scabiosa
                 argentea
                 angustifolia
              
               ,
               in
               the
               chanels
               of
               the
               torrents
               in
               Friuli
               :
               and
               Galega
               by
               the
               rivers
               and
               ditches
               every
               where
               in
               Italy
               .
               
               In
               
                 Marea
                 Trevisana
              
               ,
               some
               part
               of
               Friuli
               ,
               and
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               Lombardy
               ,
               we
               observed
               the
               Corn-fields
               to
               be
               so
               thick
               set
               with
               rows
               of
               trees
               ,
               that
               if
               a
               man
               from
               an
               hill
               or
               high
               tower
               should
               look
               down
               upon
               the
               Countrey
               at
               a
               distance
               ,
               he
               would
               take
               it
               to
               be
               a
               Wood.
               Against
               every
               Tree
               is
               planted
               a
               Vine
               ,
               which
               runs
               up
               the
               tree
               ,
               and
               the
               branches
               of
               the
               neighbour-vines
               they
               draw
               from
               tree
               to
               tree
               and
               tie
               together
               :
               So
               that
               their
               Corn-fields
               are
               also
               Woods
               and
               Vine-yards
               ,
               the
               same
               land
               sufficing
               for
               all
               these
               productions
               ,
               and
               not
               being
               exhausted
               with
               so
               much
               spending
               (
               as
               one
               would
               be
               apt
               to
               imagine
               )
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               depth
               and
               richness
               of
               its
               soil
               .
               Neither
               in
               this
               hot
               Countrey
               doth
               the
               Corn
               receive
               any
               prejudice
               from
               the
               shade
               or
               dropping
               of
               the
               Trees
               ,
               (
               which
               in
               our
               colder
               Climate
               would
               quite
               marr
               it
               )
               but
               rather
               advantage
               ,
               there
               falling
               little
               rain
               in
               Summer-time
               ,
               and
               the
               Trees
               keeping
               off
               the
               scorching
               Sun-beams
               ,
               which
               else
               might
               dry
               up
               and
               wither
               it
               ;
               the
               heat
               notwithstanding
               sufficing
               to
               bring
               the
               Grain
               to
               perfect
               maturity
               .
               Whereas
               with
               us
               all
               the
               Sun
               we
               can
               give
               it
               is
               little
               enough
               ,
               and
               the
               very
               grass
               which
               grows
               under
               the
               trees
               is
               sowr
               and
               crude
               :
               for
               that
               usually
               we
               have
               too
               little
               heat
               for
               our
               moisture
               ,
               and
               they
               too
               much
               .
               This
               part
               of
               Italy
               hath
               been
               deservedly
               celebrated
               for
               fertility
               ,
               and
               may
               justly
               in
               my
               opinion
               be
               stiled
               the
               Garden
               of
               Europe
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               VENICE
               .
            
             
               VEnice
               is
               built
               upon
               certain
               little
               Islands
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               or
               rather
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               certain
               Flats
               or
               Shallows
               ,
               covered
               all
               over
               with
               water
               at
               full
               Sea
               ,
               but
               about
               the
               City
               when
               the
               Tide
               is
               out
               in
               many
               places
               bare
               ,
               called
               by
               the
               
                 Italians
                 Lagune
              
               .
               These
               Lagune
               are
               enclosed
               and
               separated
               from
               the
               main
               Gulf
               or
               Adriatic
               Sea
               by
               a
               bank
               of
               earth
               (
               
                 il
                 Lito
              
               or
               Lido
               they
               call
               it
               )
               extending
               according
               to
               Contarini
               about
               60
               miles
               ,
               according
               to
               
                 Leander
                 Albertus
              
               and
               others
               (
               who
               come
               nearer
               the
               truth
               )
               but
               35
               ,
               and
               resemble
               the
               space
               conteined
               in
               a
               bent
               Bow
               ,
               the
               bow
               being
               the
               shore
               of
               the
               firm
               land
               ,
               and
               the
               Lido
               the
               string
               .
               The
               City
               stands
               at
               an
               equal
               distance
               from
               the
               firm
               land
               of
               Italy
               and
               from
               the
               Lito
               ,
               viz.
               five
               miles
               from
               each
               .
               This
               Lido
               serves
               as
               a
               good
               fence
               or
               rampart
               to
               secure
               the
               City
               and
               other
               included
               Islands
               against
               the
               raging
               waves
               of
               the
               Sea
               in
               stormy
               weather
               .
               It
               is
               discontinued
               by
               seven
               ,
               say
               some
               ,
               say
               others
               by
               five
               breaks
               or
               apertures
               ,
               and
               those
               not
               very
               wide
               ones
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Ports
               or
               Havens
               ,
               and
               by
               which
               the
               Lagune
               communicate
               with
               the
               Gulf.
               Of
               these
               Inlets
               two
               only
               are
               deep
               enough
               to
               admit
               any
               vessels
               of
               considerable
               bulk
               or
               burthen
               ,
               viz.
               those
               of
               Malamocco
               and
               Lio.
               Into
               or
               not
               far
               from
               the
               Lagune
               most
               of
               the
               great
               rivers
               of
               Italy
               empty
               themselves
               ,
               
                 v.
                 g.
                 Padus
              
               now
               call'd
               
                 Po
                 ,
                 Athesis
              
               now
               
                 Adige
                 ,
                 Meduacus
                 major
              
               now
               
                 Brenta
                 ,
                 Meduacus
                 minor
              
               now
               
                 Bacchilione
                 ,
                 Tiliaventum
              
               now
               
                 Taiamënto
                 ,
                 Liquentia
              
               now
               
                 Livenza
                 ,
                 Silis
              
               now
               
                 Sile
                 ,
                 Anassus
              
               now
               Piave
               ;
               which
               ,
               especially
               in
               time
               
               of
               flouds
               ,
               bring
               down
               with
               them
               from
               the
               mountains
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               earth
               and
               silt
               ,
               which
               will
               ,
               its
               probable
               ,
               in
               process
               of
               time
               fill
               up
               the
               Lagune
               and
               make
               dry
               land
               of
               them
               .
               For
               I
               believe
               at
               the
               first
               building
               of
               Venice
               no
               part
               of
               them
               lay
               bare
               at
               low
               water
               as
               now
               there
               doth
               .
               Gianotti
               saith
               ,
               that
               antiently
               the
               City
               was
               ten
               miles
               distant
               from
               the
               firm
               land
               ,
               the
               Lagune
               extending
               as
               far
               as
               Oriago
               ,
               which
               ,
               as
               some
               think
               ,
               was
               so
               called
               
                 quasi
                 Ora
                 lacus
              
               ;
               and
               and
               that
               all
               that
               space
               between
               Oriago
               and
               Fusina
               (
               where
               they
               now
               imbark
               that
               go
               from
               Padua
               to
               Venice
               )
               had
               been
               added
               to
               the
               firm
               land
               notwithstanding
               all
               the
               endeavours
               the
               Venetians
               could
               use
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               was
               first
               founded
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               best
               Authors
               ,
               about
               the
               time
               that
               Attila
               with
               his
               Hunnes
               invaded
               Italy
               ,
               burning
               and
               destroying
               all
               before
               him
               ;
               by
               some
               families
               who
               seeing
               no
               end
               of
               these
               irruptions
               of
               barbarous
               nations
               ,
               sought
               refuge
               for
               themselves
               in
               these
               desolate
               Islands
               ,
               in
               the
               year
               456
               or
               thereabouts
               .
               Others
               make
               the
               first
               beginning
               of
               it
               to
               have
               been
               before
               that
               time
               in
               the
               year
               421
               or
               423.
               
               But
               though
               in
               the
               times
               of
               former
               irruptions
               many
               of
               the
               neighbouring
               people
               fled
               hither
               to
               shelter
               themselves
               from
               the
               present
               storm
               ,
               yet
               I
               believe
               they
               did
               not
               think
               of
               settling
               themselves
               heer
               or
               making
               these
               Islands
               their
               fixt
               habitation
               ,
               and
               uniting
               themselves
               into
               one
               City
               till
               the
               expedition
               of
               Attila
               .
               Whenever
               it
               began
               ,
               it
               hath
               continued
               a
               Virgin-City
               ,
               (
               having
               never
               been
               ravished
               nor
               attempted
               by
               any
               Enemy
               )
               since
               its
               first
               foundation
               for
               at
               least
               1200
               years
               ,
               which
               is
               more
               than
               any
               other
               City
               of
               that
               antiquity
               ,
               so
               far
               as
               I
               have
               read
               or
               heard
               ,
               can
               boast
               of
               .
               Yet
               is
               it
               not
               at
               present
               nor
               ever
               was
               it
               fortified
               or
               so
               much
               as
               walled
               about
               ;
               neither
               indeed
               doth
               it
               need
               it
               ,
               being
               sufficiently
               strong
               by
               its
               ●ituation
               alone
               ,
               which
               is
               such
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               not
               likely
               for
               the
               future
               ever
               to
               be
               taken
               ,
               
               unless
               the
               Sea
               quite
               leave
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Lagune
               become
               dry
               land
               conjoined
               with
               the
               Continent
               .
               For
               by
               Sea
               great
               ships
               can
               come
               no
               nearer
               than
               the
               haven
               of
               Malamocco
               ,
               and
               those
               apertures
               in
               the
               Lido
               ,
               where
               boats
               and
               lesser
               Vessels
               may
               enter
               ,
               are
               defended
               by
               strong
               Forts
               and
               Castles
               :
               besides
               that
               every
               tide
               the
               Chanel
               doth
               so
               vary
               ,
               that
               without
               the
               guidance
               of
               an
               expert
               Pilot
               they
               will
               not
               be
               able
               to
               find
               the
               way
               in
               ,
               but
               be
               in
               danger
               of
               being
               stranded
               upon
               the
               flats
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               is
               in
               circuit
               ,
               taking
               in
               the
               Giudecha
               ,
               eight
               Italian
               miles
               .
               Viewing
               it
               from
               S.
               
               Mark
               's
               tower
               we
               judged
               it
               to
               be
               about
               the
               bigness
               Amsterdam
               was
               then
               of
               .
               It
               is
               divided
               into
               two
               parts
               by
               the
               
                 Grand
                 Canale
              
               ,
               which
               passes
               through
               the
               middle
               of
               it
               in
               the
               form
               of
               the
               letter
               S.
               It
               is
               also
               divided
               into
               six
               parts
               or
               regions
               ,
               called
               thence
               Sestieri
               ;
               three
               on
               one
               side
               the
               Canale
               ,
               viz.
               Castello
               ,
               S.
               Marco
               and
               Canareio
               ;
               and
               three
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               viz
               ,
               
                 San
                 Paolo
                 ,
                 Santa
                 Croce
              
               and
               
                 Dorso
                 duro
              
               .
               It
               conteins
               70
               Parishes
               ,
               though
               some
               make
               them
               72
               ;
               67
               Monasteries
               ,
               whereof
               33
               of
               Freres
               and
               34
               of
               Nuns
               ,
               according
               to
               a
               survey
               taken
               in
               the
               year
               1581.
               since
               which
               time
               ,
               I
               believe
               ,
               the
               number
               hath
               been
               increased
               .
               According
               to
               the
               same
               survey
               there
               were
               then
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               of
               
                 
                   Noble
                   
                     
                       Men
                       1843
                    
                     
                       Women
                       1659
                    
                     
                       Boys
                       1420
                    
                     
                       Girls
                       1230
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Citizens
                   ,
                   Men
                   2117
                   
                     
                       Women
                       1936
                    
                     
                       Boys
                       1708
                    
                     
                       Girls
                       1418
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Servants
                   3732
                
                 
                   Maids
                   5753
                
                 
                   Artisans
                   ,
                   
                     
                       Women
                       31617
                    
                     
                       Men
                       32887
                    
                     
                       Boys
                       22765
                    
                     
                       Girls
                       18227
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Beggars
                   ,
                   
                     
                       Men
                       75
                    
                     
                       Women
                       112
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Monks
                   945
                
                 
                   Nuns
                   2508
                
                 
                   Priests
                   516
                
                 
                   Poor
                   of
                   the
                   Hospital
                   1290
                
                 
                   Jews
                   1043
                
              
            
             
             
               The
               Sum
               total
               is
               134871.
               
               Sansovinus
               reckons
               the
               number
               of
               souls
               in
               his
               time
               to
               have
               been
               180000
               ,
               but
               ,
               I
               suppose
               ,
               he
               takes
               in
               Muran
               and
               the
               other
               Islands
               ,
               which
               in
               this
               survey
               are
               left
               out
               .
               I
               am
               not
               ignorant
               that
               several
               late
               writers
               make
               the
               present
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               to
               be
               at
               least
               300000
               ,
               but
               I
               believe
               they
               speak
               at
               random
               ,
               and
               by
               conjecture
               ,
               upon
               no
               good
               grounds
               ;
               (
               as
               I
               have
               been
               often
               told
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               in
               Paris
               a
               million
               and
               half
               of
               people
               ,
               whereas
               it
               is
               well
               if
               there
               be
               half
               ●
               million
               )
               there
               being
               no
               reason
               to
               think
               that
               the
               Cit●
               is
               much
               increased
               since
               Sansovinus
               his
               time
               .
               I
               find
               the
               Sum
               total
               of
               the
               number
               of
               males
               to
               exceed
               the
               total
               of
               the
               number
               of
               females
               in
               this
               survey
               by
               above
               3500
               ,
               which
               comes
               near
               to
               the
               account
               of
               the
               excess
               of
               males
               in
               England
               ,
               given
               us
               by
               Capt.
               Graunt
               in
               his
               Observations
               upon
               the
               weekly
               Bills
               of
               Mortality
               in
               London
               .
               And
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               if
               exact
               ,
               observations
               were
               made
               in
               other
               places
               ,
               there
               would
               be
               found
               the
               like
               proportion
               between
               the
               number
               of
               males
               and
               females
               born
               into
               the
               world
               in
               hot
               countries
               as
               in
               cold
               .
               So
               that
               from
               this
               Topic
               the
               Asiatics
               have
               no
               greater
               plea
               for
               multiplicity
               of
               wives
               than
               the
               Europeans
               .
               Little
               chanels
               of
               water
               cross
               and
               divide
               the
               city
               into
               many
               Islets
               ,
               and
               may
               rather
               be
               called
               the
               Streets
               of
               it
               ,
               than
               those
               narrow
               Lanes
               or
               Alleys
               (
               Calle
               they
               call
               them
               )
               through
               which
               you
               pass
               on
               foot
               from
               one
               place
               to
               another
               .
               By
               these
               chanels
               you
               may
               convey
               your self
               and
               goods
               from
               any
               one
               place
               of
               the
               city
               to
               any
               other
               ,
               by
               boat
               ;
               which
               is
               the
               only
               way
               of
               carriage
               ,
               except
               mens
               shoulders
               ,
               there
               being
               neither
               coach
               nor
               litter
               ,
               cart
               nor
               wain
               ,
               horse
               nor
               ass
               ▪
               used
               or
               so
               much
               as
               to
               be
               seen
               ●eer
               .
               For
               passage
               on
               foot
               there
               are
               built
               about
               450
               bridges
               cross
               the
               chanels
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               of
               stone
               and
               of
               one
               arch
               ,
               among
               which
               the
               most
               famous
               is
               that
               over
               the
               
                 Canal
                 grande
              
               ,
               called
               
                 Ponte
                 di
                 Rialto
              
               :
               and
               for
               passage
               by
               water
               there
               are
               a
               great
               number
               of
               
               Gondalo's
               
               and
               other
               boats
               ;
               some
               say
               eight
               ,
               some
               ten
               ,
               some
               twelve
               ,
               nay
               ,
               some
               fifteen
               thousand
               ,
               but
               I
               believe
               all
               is
               conjecture
               ;
               and
               they
               were
               never
               numbered
               .
            
             
               The
               Buildings
               are
               generally
               tall
               and
               fair
               :
               the
               Palaces
               of
               Noblemen
               thick
               set
               all
               over
               the
               City
               ,
               but
               especially
               upon
               the
               
                 Canal
                 grande
              
               ,
               which
               though
               not
               vast
               ,
               are
               handsom
               and
               well-built
               .
               The
               foundations
               of
               the
               houses
               are
               great
               piles
               or
               masts
               driven
               into
               the
               ground
               as
               at
               Amsterdam
               .
            
             
               The
               Arsenal
               is
               said
               to
               be
               three
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ,
               they
               that
               speak
               modestly
               allow
               it
               but
               two
               ;
               well
               stored
               with
               arms
               ,
               ammunition
               and
               all
               provisions
               for
               war.
               Heer
               the
               Galleys
               are
               made
               and
               laid
               up
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               Republic
               hath
               (
               they
               say
               )
               at
               least
               200.
               
               Heer
               also
               lies
               the
               famous
               Vessel
               called
               the
               Bucentoro
               ,
               in
               which
               upon
               Ascension
               day
               yearly
               the
               Duke
               accompanied
               with
               the
               Senators
               ,
               and
               attended
               by
               some
               thousands
               of
               Gondalo's
               bravely
               set
               out
               and
               adorned
               ,
               goes
               forth
               as
               it
               were
               in
               solemn
               procession
               some
               two
               or
               three
               miles
               to
               Sea
               ,
               and
               casting
               thereinto
               a
               ring
               ,
               saith
               ,
               
                 I
                 espouse
                 thee
                 in
                 token
                 of
                 perpetual
                 dominion
                 .
              
               Heer
               are
               said
               to
               be
               kept
               20000
               pieces
               of
               Ordnance
               great
               and
               small
               ,
               and
               arms
               for
               above
               250000
               men
               .
               A
               great
               number
               [
               1550
               ]
               of
               Artificers
               ,
               as
               Shipwrights
               ,
               Carpenters
               ,
               Smiths
               ,
               Founders
               ,
               &c.
               are
               constantly
               kept
               at
               work
               at
               the
               public
               charge
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               other
               public
               places
               and
               buildings
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               as
               the
               Piazza
               of
               S.
               Mark
               ,
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               Mark
               ,
               with
               the
               Treasury
               ;
               the
               Tower
               of
               S.
               Mark
               ;
               the
               Palace
               of
               the
               Duke
               ;
               the
               Chamber
               of
               the
               great
               Council
               ;
               the
               private
               Armory
               ,
               the
               Theatres
               for
               acting
               the
               Opera
               ,
               with
               the
               contrivances
               for
               moving
               the
               Scenes
               ;
               the
               
                 Ponte
                 di
                 Rialto
              
               ;
               the
               Schools
               or
               Halls
               for
               the
               Fraternities
               ;
               the
               Mint-house
               ,
               Pillars
               ,
               Statues
               ,
               and
               other
               Ornaments
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               I
               shall
               forbear
               to
               say
               any
               thing
               ,
               but
               refer
               the
               Reader
               to
               
                 Sansovinus
                 ,
                 Lassels
              
               and
               others
               ,
               who
               have
               minutely
               described
               those
               things
               .
            
             
             
               Venice
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               old
               Epithet
               
                 Venetia
                 laricca
              
               ,
               hath
               been
               esteemed
               the
               richest
               City
               ,
               not
               of
               Italy
               only
               but
               of
               all
               Europe
               :
               and
               doubtless
               was
               so
               before
               the
               passage
               to
               the
               East-Indies
               by
               the
               
                 Cape
                 of
                 good
                 hope
              
               was
               discovered
               :
               when
               besides
               a
               large
               share
               of
               Lombardy
               the
               best
               Countrey
               of
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Friuli
                 ,
                 Istria
              
               and
               Dalmatia
               ,
               the
               Islands
               of
               Cyprus
               and
               
                 Candia
                 ,
                 Zant
                 ,
                 Cephalonia
              
               and
               Corfu
               ,
               with
               others
               in
               the
               Archipelago
               subject
               to
               them
               ,
               they
               were
               chief
               if
               not
               sole
               masters
               of
               the
               East-India
               Trade
               ,
               furnishing
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               Europe
               with
               the
               commodities
               coming
               from
               thence
               ,
               which
               were
               then
               brought
               by
               Merchants
               to
               Alexandria
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               and
               there
               by
               them
               bought
               up
               .
               So
               that
               then
               it
               was
               a
               Proverb
               in
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Il
                 bianco
                 e'l
                 negro
                 han
                 fatto
                 ricca
                 la
                 Venetia
                 .
              
               White
               and
               black
               ,
               
                 i.
                 e.
                 Cotton
              
               and
               Pepper
               have
               made
               Venice
               rich
               .
               Since
               the
               loss
               of
               that
               trade
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               vast
               expences
               of
               long
               wars
               with
               the
               Tures
               ,
               wherein
               they
               came
               off
               losers
               at
               last
               ,
               having
               parted
               with
               first
               Cyprus
               and
               lately
               Candia
               to
               them
               ,
               their
               treasures
               ,
               I
               believe
               ,
               are
               well
               exhausted
               .
               Yet
               the
               riches
               of
               private
               persons
               must
               needs
               be
               great
               ,
               the
               City
               having
               never
               been
               sackt
               nor
               having
               ever
               undergone
               any
               such
               change
               of
               Government
               as
               that
               one
               considerable
               party
               of
               the
               people
               hath
               been
               oppressed
               and
               their
               goods
               confiscate
               .
               And
               though
               the
               public
               be
               not
               so
               rich
               as
               it
               hath
               been
               ,
               yet
               will
               it
               soon
               recover
               itself
               and
               grow
               wealthy
               again
               upon
               the
               enjoyment
               of
               Peace
               and
               free
               Commerce
               .
               Though
               the
               wings
               of
               this
               Common-wealth
               have
               been
               a
               little
               clipt
               ,
               yet
               hath
               it
               enough
               still
               remaining
               under
               its
               dominion
               to
               denominate
               it
               a
               potent
               State
               :
               viz.
               In
               Italy
               (
               1.
               )
               The
               Dogado
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               City
               of
               Venice
               itself
               is
               the
               head
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               The
               City
               and
               Territory
               of
               Padua
               called
               Padoano
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               Of
               Vicenza
               called
               Vicentino
               .
               (
               4.
               )
               Of
               Verona
               called
               Veronese
               .
               (
               5.
               )
               Of
               Brescia
               called
               Bresciano
               .
               (
               6.
               )
               Of
               Bergamo
               called
               Bergamasco
               .
               (
               7.
               )
               Of
               Crema
               called
               Cremasco
               .
               (
               8.
               )
               
                 Marca
                 Trevisana
              
               under
               
               which
               are
               compehended
               Feltrino
               and
               Bellunese
               the
               territories
               of
               the
               Cities
               Feltre
               and
               
                 Belluno
                 .
                 [
                 Leander
                 Albertus
              
               reckons
               the
               territories
               of
               
                 Verona
                 ,
                 Vicenza
              
               and
               Padua
               in
               
                 Marca
                 Trevisana
              
               ;
               and
               of
               
                 Brescia
                 ,
                 Berganio
              
               and
               Crema
               in
               
                 Lombardy
                 .
              
               ]
               (
               p.
               )
               Friuli
               .
               (
               10.
               )
               Istria
               ,
               (
               11.
               )
               The
               territory
               of
               Rouigo
               called
               
                 Il
                 Polesine
                 de
                 Rouigo
              
               ,
               formerly
               belonging
               to
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Ferrara
               ,
               the
               whole
               in
               length
               being
               extended
               250
               miles
               ,
               and
               above
               half
               so
               much
               in
               breadth
               .
               Out
               of
               Italy
               they
               have
               a
               good
               part
               of
               Dalmatia
               ,
               the
               Islands
               of
               
                 Zant
                 ,
                 Cephalonia
              
               and
               Corfu
               ,
               besides
               others
               of
               less
               account
               .
            
             
               The
               ordinary
               annual
               revenues
               of
               this
               Republic
               ,
               according
               to
               our
               information
               amount
               ,
               to
               about
               five
               millions
               and
               three
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               thousand
               Venetian
               Ducates
               yearly
               .
               A
               Ducat
               is
               somewhat
               less
               than
               a
               French
               Crown
               .
               Of
               which
               
                 
                   Venice
                   it self
                   yields
                   1400000
                
                 
                   Brescia
                   1000000
                
                 
                   Padoa
                   140000
                
                 
                   Vicenza
                   200000
                
                 
                   Verona
                   230000
                
                 
                   Bergamo
                   140000
                
                 
                   Crema
                   100000
                
                 
                   Il
                   Polesine
                   70000
                
                 
                   Istria
                   150000
                
                 
                   Il
                   Friuli
                   100000
                
                 
                   La
                   Marca
                   Trevisana
                   190000
                
                 
                   Gli
                   stati
                   di
                   mare
                   450000
                
                 
                   La
                   Zecca
                   150000
                
              
            
             
               This
               City
               is
               well
               served
               with
               all
               provisions
               of
               Victuals
               ,
               especially
               fish
               and
               wild-fowl
               .
               Fresh
               water
               they
               have
               none
               but
               what
               is
               brought
               from
               land
               ;
               and
               rain
               water
               which
               they
               preserve
               in
               cisterns
               ,
               and
               which
               serves
               well
               enough
               for
               the
               ordinary
               uses
               of
               the
               house
               .
               The
               Air
               is
               very
               sharp
               in
               Winter-time
               
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               vicinity
               to
               the
               
                 Alps.
                 Venice
              
               is
               noted
               for
               the
               best
               Treacle
               ;
               the
               best
               both
               drinking
               and
               looking-Glasses
               ,
               made
               at
               Muran
               a
               large
               Burgo
               or
               Town
               ,
               about
               three
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ,
               and
               divided
               in
               the
               middle
               by
               a
               broad
               chanel
               like
               Venice
               ,
               in
               an
               Island
               about
               a
               mile
               distant
               from
               the
               City
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               may
               pass
               for
               a
               Suburb
               of
               it
               :
               for
               Paper
               ,
               for
               Turpentine
               ,
               for
               Needle-work
               Laces
               called
               Points
               ;
               and
               if
               that
               be
               worth
               the
               mentioning
               ,
               for
               Courtezans
               .
               Heer
               is
               also
               made
               Sope
               not
               inferiour
               for
               goodness
               to
               that
               of
               Castile
               .
            
             
               The
               Gentlemens
               and
               Citizens
               Wives
               are
               kept
               close
               ,
               seldom
               walking
               abroad
               unless
               it
               be
               to
               Church
               ,
               and
               then
               with
               an
               old
               woman
               at
               their
               heels
               to
               guard
               them
               .
               Most
               of
               the
               Gentlemen
               and
               Citizens
               of
               quality
               put
               their
               daughters
               so
               soon
               as
               they
               come
               to
               seven
               or
               eight
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               into
               some
               Cloister
               of
               Nuns
               ,
               to
               be
               there
               educated
               ;
               whence
               they
               are
               not
               taken
               out
               till
               they
               be
               married
               .
               The
               Suiter
               seldom
               sees
               his
               Mistress
               before
               they
               go
               to
               be
               married
               ,
               or
               if
               he
               doth
               see
               her
               ,
               it
               is
               only
               at
               the
               grate
               of
               the
               Cloister
               without
               speaking
               to
               her
               ,
               all
               things
               being
               transacted
               by
               the
               Parents
               on
               each
               side
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               mediation
               of
               an
               old
               Woman
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               is
               Aristocratical
               ,
               but
               among
               the
               Gentlemen
               themselves
               were
               there
               no
               Citizens
               or
               Subjects
               it
               would
               be
               purely
               Democratical
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Doge
               or
               Duke
               ,
               though
               they
               call
               him
               Prince
               ,
               yet
               they
               do
               but
               mock
               him
               ,
               for
               he
               hath
               only
               the
               Title
               and
               shew
               ,
               nothing
               of
               the
               power
               or
               Authority
               of
               a
               Prince
               .
               The
               form
               of
               Government
               as
               it
               is
               exactly
               and
               particularly
               described
               by
               
                 Contarini
                 ,
                 Gianotti
              
               and
               Sansovinus
               out
               of
               him
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               much
               talked
               of
               ,
               I
               shall
               heer
               briefly
               set
               down
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               then
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               is
               chiefly
               in
               the
               Great
               Council
               ;
               the
               Senate
               or
               Council
               of
               Pregadi
               ;
               the
               College
               ;
               the
               Council
               of
               ten
               ;
               and
               the
               Siguoria
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Of
                 the
                 GREAT
                 COVNCIL
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Great
                   Council
                
                 is
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 basis
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 supreme
                 power
                 resides
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 which
                 as
                 well
                 the
                 Senate
                 as
                 all
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 derive
                 their
                 Authority
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 who
                 have
                 passed
                 the
                 25.
                 year
                 of
                 their
                 age
                 ;
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 about
                 2500
                 in
                 all
                 .
                 But
                 yet
                 before
                 they
                 can
                 be
                 admitted
                 to
                 give
                 their
                 suffrages
                 in
                 Council
                 they
                 must
                 before
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Auvogadori
                   di
                   Commune
                
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 oath
                 of
                 their
                 fathers
                 or
                 mothers
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 dead
                 ,
                 of
                 their
                 nearest
                 kinsmen
                 ,
                 prove
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 atteined
                 that
                 age
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 testimony
                 of
                 two
                 witnesses
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 legitimate
                 sons
                 of
                 such
                 Gentlemen
                 as
                 they
                 profess
                 or
                 pretend
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 satisfie
                 the
                 longing
                 of
                 such
                 young
                 men
                 as
                 desire
                 to
                 tast
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 Government
                 sooner
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 way
                 fo
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 but
                 twenty
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 complete
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Before
                 the
                 fourth
                 of
                 December
                 being
                 S.
                 Barbara's
                 day
                 ,
                 all
                 such
                 young
                 men
                 must
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 we
                 have
                 already
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Auvogadori
                 prove
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 full
                 twenty
                 years
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 legitimate
                 sons
                 of
                 Gentlemen
                 .
                 Which
                 done
                 the
                 Secretary
                 of
                 the
                 Auvogadori
                 gives
                 to
                 each
                 a
                 Schedule
                 sealed
                 by
                 the
                 three
                 Auvogadori
                 ,
                 signifying
                 so
                 much
                 .
                 These
                 Schedules
                 they
                 carry
                 to
                 the
                 Secretary
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Quarantia
                   criminale
                
                 ,
                 who
                 writes
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 them
                 who
                 brought
                 the
                 Schedules
                 ,
                 each
                 in
                 
                 a
                 scroll
                 by
                 itself
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 4.
                 of
                 December
                 carries
                 all
                 these
                 scrolls
                 before
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 presence
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 put
                 into
                 one
                 Urn
                 ,
                 and
                 into
                 another
                 are
                 put
                 so
                 many
                 golden
                 balls
                 as
                 are
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 fifth
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 scrolls
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 less
                 than
                 30
                 ;
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 more
                 than
                 30
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 yet
                 put
                 in
                 but
                 30
                 balls
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 silver
                 :
                 ones
                 as
                 with
                 the
                 golden
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 men
                 competitors
                 .
                 These
                 being
                 shaken
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 urn
                 draws
                 a
                 scroll
                 and
                 reads
                 the
                 name
                 ,
                 then
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 takes
                 a
                 ball
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 proves
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 golden
                 one
                 ;
                 such
                 an
                 one
                 whose
                 name
                 was
                 written
                 in
                 the
                 scroll
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 he
                 proceeds
                 ,
                 drawing
                 out
                 first
                 a
                 scroll
                 and
                 then
                 a
                 ball
                 ,
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 golden
                 balls
                 are
                 drawn
                 out
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 without
                 more
                 ado
                 those
                 thirty
                 whose
                 lot
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 golden
                 balls
                 may
                 go
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 and
                 ballot
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 must
                 stay
                 till
                 another
                 year
                 and
                 then
                 take
                 their
                 chance
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 before
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 25.
                 
                 In
                 troublesom
                 times
                 when
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 wants
                 money
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 also
                 conferred
                 this
                 honour
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 under
                 25
                 years
                 for
                 assisting
                 the
                 Public
                 with
                 the
                 gift
                 or
                 loan
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 sum
                 of
                 money
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 one
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 chamber
                 (
                 or
                 Hall
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 an
                 upper
                 room
                 )
                 sits
                 the
                 Duke
                 on
                 a
                 tribunal
                 elevated
                 above
                 the
                 level
                 of
                 the
                 chamber
                 ,
                 with
                 three
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellours
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 heads
                 or
                 chiefs
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 called
                 
                   Quarantia
                   criminale
                   (
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 )
                 sitting
                 on
                 his
                 right-hand
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 three
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 and
                 below
                 them
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 chiefs
                 of
                 the
                 Quarantia
                 on
                 his
                 left
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 benches
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 the
                 tribunal
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 right
                 angles
                 with
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 sit
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellour
                 and
                 Secretaries
                 .
                 The
                 fashion
                 of
                 the
                 Hall
                 and
                 Benches
                 on
                 which
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 sit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 places
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Officers
                 and
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 omit
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 hardly
                 intelligible
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 
                 have
                 not
                 seen
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 very
                 material
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Council
                 is
                 assembled
                 every
                 Sunday
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 oftner
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 tolling
                 of
                 a
                 bell
                 ,
                 which
                 begins
                 at
                 noon
                 and
                 ceases
                 not
                 till
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 clock
                 ;
                 and
                 elects
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Officers
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 First
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Electors
                 or
                 Nominators
                 are
                 drawn
                 by
                 lot
                 .
                 After
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 nominated
                 by
                 such
                 Electors
                 are
                 balloted
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 above
                 half
                 the
                 suffrages
                 of
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 present
                 are
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 elected
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 because
                 there
                 must
                 be
                 at
                 least
                 nine
                 Magigrates
                 created
                 at
                 every
                 meeting
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 make
                 at
                 least
                 nine
                 Electors
                 :
                 and
                 because
                 some
                 Magistrates
                 places
                 may
                 have
                 but
                 two
                 Competitors
                 and
                 some
                 four
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 days
                 are
                 created
                 of
                 one
                 sort
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 both
                 together
                 ;
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 only
                 such
                 created
                 as
                 can
                 have
                 but
                 two
                 Competitors
                 (
                 which
                 seldom
                 happens
                 )
                 then
                 there
                 need
                 be
                 but
                 two
                 Sets
                 or
                 Companies
                 of
                 Electors
                 made
                 :
                 but
                 when
                 any
                 such
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 created
                 as
                 must
                 have
                 four
                 Competitors
                 ,
                 then
                 there
                 are
                 four
                 Sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 made
                 ,
                 of
                 nine
                 in
                 each
                 Set.
                 While
                 the
                 bell
                 tolls
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 that
                 can
                 with
                 convenience
                 are
                 to
                 repair
                 to
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 once
                 assembled
                 ,
                 the
                 doors
                 lockt
                 up
                 and
                 the
                 Keys
                 brought
                 and
                 laid
                 down
                 at
                 the
                 Dukes
                 feet
                 ,
                 none
                 can
                 afterwards
                 be
                 admitted
                 to
                 enter
                 ,
                 except
                 he
                 be
                 a
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 an
                 Auvogador
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 heads
                 or
                 chiefs
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 ten
                 (
                 called
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 )
                 or
                 a
                 Censor
                 .
              
               
                 NB.
                 (
                 1.
                 )
                 For
                 the
                 creation
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Quorum
                 or
                 determinate
                 number
                 of
                 Gentlemen
                 required
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Council
                 ;
                 though
                 it
                 seldom
                 happens
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 full
                 .
                 For
                 other
                 business
                 as
                 the
                 establishing
                 new
                 Laws
                 ,
                 determining
                 any
                 Sentence
                 ,
                 &c.
                 the
                 Quorum
                 is
                 600
                 ,
                 without
                 which
                 number
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 
                 (
                 2.
                 )
                 Unless
                 there
                 be
                 four
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 present
                 ,
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 neither
                 Officers
                 created
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 business
                 agitated
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Duke
                 ;
                 the
                 chief
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 being
                 set
                 down
                 in
                 their
                 places
                 ;
                 before
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 on
                 which
                 the
                 Duke
                 sits
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 plain
                 of
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 ,
                 are
                 placed
                 on
                 a
                 three
                 urns
                 called
                 Capelli
                 ,
                 upon
                 stands
                 so
                 high
                 above
                 the
                 floor
                 that
                 no
                 man
                 can
                 look
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 for
                 greater
                 security
                 they
                 are
                 also
                 covered
                 ,
                 only
                 the
                 two
                 outermost
                 have
                 two
                 holes
                 in
                 their
                 covers
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 hand
                 to
                 draw
                 out
                 the
                 balls
                 .
                 The
                 middlemost
                 that
                 stands
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Duke
                 hath
                 but
                 one
                 hole
                 .
                 In
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 outermost
                 urns
                 are
                 put
                 about
                 800
                 balls
                 made
                 of
                 copper
                 and
                 gilded
                 over
                 with
                 silver
                 (
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 take
                 leave
                 to
                 call
                 silver
                 balls
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 gilded
                 with
                 gold
                 ,
                 golden
                 balls
                 )
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 number
                 in
                 both
                 amounts
                 to
                 about
                 1500
                 or
                 1600
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 many
                 Gentlemen
                 are
                 commonly
                 present
                 at
                 each
                 meeting
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 .
                 Besides
                 in
                 these
                 urns
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 silver
                 are
                 mingled
                 60
                 golden
                 balls
                 ,
                 30
                 in
                 each
                 urn
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middlemost
                 urn
                 are
                 put
                 60
                 balls
                 ,
                 whereof
                 36
                 are
                 golden
                 and
                 24
                 silver
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 (
                 who
                 is
                 always
                 a
                 Citizen
                 and
                 no
                 Gentleman
                 )
                 goeth
                 to
                 his
                 place
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 reads
                 what
                 Magistrates
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 created
                 that
                 day
                 ,
                 which
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 returns
                 to
                 the
                 tribunal
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Censors
                 and
                 the
                 old
                 and
                 new
                 Auditors
                 ,
                 he
                 administers
                 to
                 them
                 an
                 oath
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 laws
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 is
                 conteined
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 shall
                 sit
                 ▪
                 that
                 none
                 shall
                 change
                 his
                 bench
                 at
                 prohibited
                 times
                 ;
                 that
                 none
                 shall
                 seek
                 any
                 Magistracy
                 by
                 dishonest
                 means
                 ,
                 or
                 favour
                 and
                 abet
                 any
                 other
                 in
                 so
                 doing
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 sworn
                 ,
                 they
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 three
                 junior
                 Counsellors
                 rising
                 up
                 ,
                 the
                 eldest
                 of
                 them
                 goes
                 and
                 sets
                 him
                 down
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 middlemost
                 urn
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 next
                 before
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 right
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 youngest
                 over
                 against
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 left
                 .
                 Then
                 there
                 are
                 lots
                 drawn
                 what
                 bench
                 shall
                 come
                 first
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 whole
                 Council
                 being
                 divided
                 into
                 five
                 benches
                 of
                 Gentlemen
                 )
                 and
                 what
                 end
                 of
                 that
                 bench
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 side
                 of
                 that
                 end
                 (
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 benches
                 are
                 double
                 )
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 an
                 urn
                 ten
                 silver
                 balls
                 ,
                 five
                 of
                 them
                 marked
                 with
                 the
                 five
                 first
                 figures
                 or
                 the
                 characters
                 of
                 the
                 numbers
                 1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 5
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 each
                 number
                 is
                 written
                 such
                 an
                 end
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 side
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 five
                 balls
                 are
                 marked
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 figures
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 written
                 the
                 contrary
                 end
                 and
                 contrary
                 side
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 if
                 under
                 the
                 figure
                 1
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 five
                 be
                 written
                 ,
                 the
                 end
                 towards
                 the
                 Broil
                 and
                 the
                 side
                 towards
                 S.
                 Georges
                 ;
                 under
                 the
                 figure
                 1
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 five
                 is
                 written
                 ,
                 the
                 end
                 towards
                 Castello
                 and
                 the
                 side
                 next
                 S.
                 
                 Mark
                 's
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 draw
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 urn
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 balls
                 ,
                 the
                 figure
                 and
                 inscription
                 whereof
                 shews
                 what
                 bench
                 and
                 what
                 end
                 and
                 side
                 of
                 that
                 bench
                 is
                 to
                 come
                 first
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 look
                 into
                 the
                 urn
                 and
                 take
                 out
                 that
                 ball
                 which
                 is
                 marked
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 figure
                 and
                 the
                 contrary
                 end
                 and
                 side
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 they
                 draw
                 out
                 by
                 lot
                 another
                 ball
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 a
                 third
                 ,
                 fourth
                 and
                 fifth
                 ,
                 calling
                 up
                 the
                 benches
                 in
                 order
                 ,
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 Electors
                 are
                 made
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 bench
                 that
                 is
                 called
                 first
                 ,
                 each
                 one
                 in
                 order
                 comes
                 up
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 exteriour
                 urns
                 ,
                 and
                 draws
                 thereout
                 a
                 ball
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 silver
                 ,
                 he
                 puts
                 it
                 into
                 another
                 urn
                 set
                 on
                 the
                 floor
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 drew
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 returns
                 to
                 his
                 place
                 ,
                 having
                 obteined
                 nothing
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 golden
                 one
                 ,
                 he
                 delivers
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 that
                 Counsellor
                 who
                 sits
                 by
                 that
                 urn
                 ,
                 and
                 goes
                 presently
                 to
                 the
                 middle
                 urn
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 also
                 draws
                 out
                 a
                 ball
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 silver
                 ,
                 having
                 presented
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Counsellor
                 who
                 sits
                 before
                 the
                 urn
                 ,
                 he
                 returns
                 to
                 his
                 place
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 gold
                 ,
                 he
                 delivers
                 it
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Electors
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 set
                 ;
                 and
                 sits
                 down
                 on
                 the
                 bench
                 on
                 which
                 the
                 said
                 Counsellor
                 sits
                 (
                 which
                 stands
                 across
                 the
                 Dukes
                 tribunal
                 )
                 with
                 his
                 face
                 toward
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 in
                 the
                 Hall
                 may
                 by
                 any
                 nod
                 or
                 other
                 sign
                 recommend
                 themselves
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Then
                 a
                 Secretary
                 pronounces
                 his
                 name
                 aloud
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 his
                 family
                 or
                 near
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 affinity
                 may
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 There
                 he
                 continues
                 sitting
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 eight
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 set
                 of
                 Electors
                 be
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 by
                 lot
                 created
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 by
                 chance
                 two
                 of
                 one
                 family
                 are
                 drawn
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 set
                 ,
                 the
                 second
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 reserved
                 for
                 the
                 second
                 set
                 or
                 company
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 is
                 first
                 taken
                 for
                 the
                 second
                 set
                 comes
                 in
                 his
                 room
                 into
                 the
                 first
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 for
                 that
                 day
                 none
                 of
                 that
                 family
                 nor
                 any
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 near
                 affinity
                 to
                 him
                 can
                 come
                 any
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 is
                 provided
                 by
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 which
                 make
                 up
                 36
                 ,
                 there
                 shall
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 family
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 those
                 two
                 shall
                 not
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 set
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 nine
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 set
                 must
                 be
                 of
                 nine
                 several
                 families
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 youngest
                 of
                 the
                 nine
                 of
                 this
                 first
                 set
                 is
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Secretaries
                 delivered
                 a
                 Schedule
                 sealed
                 by
                 the
                 public
                 Seal
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 written
                 in
                 order
                 all
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 that
                 day
                 created
                 .
                 Then
                 all
                 the
                 nine
                 take
                 an
                 oath
                 ,
                 to
                 chuse
                 those
                 whom
                 they
                 shall
                 judge
                 most
                 fit
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 forth
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 into
                 a
                 private
                 room
                 appointed
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 are
                 the
                 other
                 three
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 made
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 sworn
                 do
                 likewise
                 take
                 their
                 Schedules
                 ,
                 and
                 withdraw
                 into
                 their
                 respective
                 rooms
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 the
                 four
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 are
                 chosen
                 and
                 withdrawn
                 ,
                 then
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 in
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 may
                 change
                 his
                 bench
                 as
                 he
                 pleases
                 .
                 [
                 NB.
                 When
                 there
                 are
                 only
                 such
                 Magistracies
                 to
                 be
                 disposed
                 of
                 as
                 can
                 have
                 but
                 two
                 Competitors
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 two
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 made
                 .
                 ]
                 When
                 the
                 first
                 set
                 is
                 withdrawn
                 ,
                 they
                 sit
                 
                 down
                 ,
                 taking
                 place
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 age
                 .
                 Then
                 a
                 Secretary
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 reads
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 laws
                 and
                 constitutions
                 which
                 they
                 are
                 obliged
                 to
                 observe
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 :
                 after
                 which
                 he
                 puts
                 into
                 an
                 urn
                 nine
                 balls
                 ,
                 marked
                 with
                 the
                 nine
                 numeral
                 characters
                 or
                 figures
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 Elector
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 age
                 draws
                 out
                 one
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 all
                 drawn
                 out
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 draws
                 the
                 ball
                 marked
                 1
                 ,
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 nomination
                 of
                 the
                 Competitor
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 Magistrates
                 place
                 set
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Schedule
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 who
                 draws
                 that
                 marked
                 2
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 nomination
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 When
                 there
                 are
                 eleven
                 Magistrates
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 a
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 the
                 nomination
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 nominates
                 also
                 the
                 tenth
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 the
                 second
                 the
                 eleventh
                 .
                 [
                 NB.
                 One
                 of
                 these
                 Electors
                 may
                 nominate
                 himself
                 to
                 any
                 Office
                 :
                 they
                 may
                 also
                 change
                 their
                 Votes
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 the
                 nomination
                 of
                 the
                 Competitor
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 may
                 change
                 with
                 him
                 who
                 hath
                 the
                 nomination
                 for
                 the
                 second
                 or
                 third
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 so
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 ]
                 He
                 then
                 who
                 hath
                 by
                 lot
                 obteined
                 the
                 nomination
                 of
                 a
                 Competitor
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 names
                 one
                 whom
                 he
                 pleases
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 balloted
                 among
                 the
                 nine
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 hath
                 two
                 thirds
                 of
                 the
                 suffrages
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 elected
                 ;
                 if
                 not
                 ,
                 he
                 names
                 a
                 second
                 and
                 so
                 a
                 third
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 comes
                 to
                 propound
                 one
                 that
                 gets
                 two
                 thirds
                 .
                 His
                 name
                 that
                 is
                 so
                 approved
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 Secretary
                 set
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Schedule
                 under
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 that
                 place
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 nominated
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 propounded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 set
                 of
                 Electors
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 ;
                 because
                 if
                 the
                 nominated
                 be
                 to
                 a
                 place
                 wherein
                 he
                 is
                 entrusted
                 with
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 public
                 moneys
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 nominates
                 is
                 surety
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 what
                 he
                 defrauds
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 of
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 the
                 second
                 voice
                 names
                 his
                 man
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 balloted
                 and
                 approved
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 
                 The
                 same
                 order
                 of
                 nomination
                 and
                 approbation
                 is
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 three
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 .
                 Only
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 and
                 fourth
                 sets
                 when
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 places
                 to
                 be
                 disposed
                 of
                 which
                 can
                 have
                 but
                 two
                 Competitors
                 ,
                 its
                 necessary
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Electors
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 lot
                 the
                 nomination
                 to
                 such
                 places
                 falls
                 ,
                 nominate
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 Competitors
                 to
                 such
                 places
                 are
                 already
                 nominated
                 and
                 approved
                 in
                 the
                 two
                 first
                 sets
                 .
                 Yet
                 is
                 not
                 their
                 being
                 Electors
                 altogether
                 useless
                 and
                 insignificant
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 have
                 power
                 to
                 ballot
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 nominated
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 Electors
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 difficulty
                 arises
                 among
                 the
                 Electors
                 about
                 any
                 person
                 nominated
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   g.
                
                 whether
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 balloted
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 go
                 into
                 the
                 room
                 where
                 those
                 Electors
                 are
                 and
                 determin
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Competitors
                 being
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 chosen
                 ,
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Electors
                 returns
                 any
                 more
                 into
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 or
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Dieci
                
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Censors
                 .
                 The
                 Secretaries
                 then
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 companies
                 of
                 Electors
                 present
                 to
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 the
                 Schedules
                 in
                 which
                 are
                 written
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 to
                 be
                 elected
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 every
                 one
                 the
                 Competitors
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 Now
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 that
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Gentleman
                 may
                 be
                 chosen
                 Competitor
                 for
                 a
                 Magistracy
                 by
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 or
                 all
                 four
                 of
                 the
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 though
                 he
                 hath
                 no
                 Competitor
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 balloted
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 Competitor
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 for
                 one
                 place
                 there
                 be
                 chosen
                 in
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 sets
                 a
                 Competitor
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 look
                 first
                 whether
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 uncapable
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 place
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 reason
                 he
                 hath
                 had
                 some
                 Magistracy
                 lately
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 time
                 not
                 yet
                 expired
                 that
                 is
                 required
                 by
                 the
                 law
                 before
                 he
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 kinred
                 is
                 in
                 an
                 incompatible
                 place
                 ;
                 or
                 bacause
                 he
                 is
                 indebted
                 
                 to
                 the
                 public
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 .
                 Now
                 if
                 of
                 four
                 Competitors
                 three
                 are
                 found
                 uncapable
                 ,
                 the
                 fourth
                 remaining
                 without
                 a
                 Competitor
                 cannot
                 be
                 balloted
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 one
                 be
                 elected
                 in
                 two
                 sets
                 and
                 his
                 two
                 Competitors
                 uncapable
                 of
                 standing
                 ,
                 yet
                 may
                 he
                 be
                 balloted
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 reason
                 before
                 alleged
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 having
                 received
                 the
                 Schedules
                 ,
                 reads
                 aloud
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 places
                 with
                 their
                 Competitors
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 beginning
                 from
                 the
                 first
                 he
                 propounds
                 the
                 Competitors
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 nominated
                 by
                 the
                 first
                 set
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 nominated
                 by
                 any
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 sets
                 ,
                 he
                 mentions
                 that
                 also
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 hath
                 read
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Competitors
                 for
                 one
                 place
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 nominated
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 their
                 family
                 and
                 near
                 affinity
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 into
                 a
                 private
                 room
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 stay
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 all
                 balloted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 second
                 place
                 propounded
                 with
                 its
                 Competitors
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 return
                 again
                 and
                 ballot
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 withdrawn
                 ,
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 voice
                 -
                 puts
                 all
                 in
                 mind
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 Divine
                 and
                 humane
                 law
                 every
                 one
                 is
                 obliged
                 to
                 favour
                 him
                 whom
                 he
                 judges
                 to
                 be
                 best
                 of
                 all
                 and
                 fittest
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 in
                 such
                 place
                 as
                 they
                 shall
                 chuse
                 him
                 to
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 nominates
                 the
                 first
                 Competitor
                 ,
                 and
                 little
                 boys
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 (
                 having
                 first
                 delivered
                 to
                 every
                 Gentleman
                 a
                 ball
                 )
                 run
                 about
                 the
                 chamber
                 with
                 balloting
                 boxes
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 to
                 gather
                 the
                 suffrages
                 .
                 The
                 balls
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 linen
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 make
                 no
                 noise
                 when
                 they
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 boxes
                 .
                 The
                 boxes
                 are
                 made
                 double
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 painted
                 white
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 green
                 .
                 The
                 white
                 is
                 marked
                 with
                 Si
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Yea
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 they
                 that
                 accept
                 put
                 their
                 balls
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 green
                 with
                 No
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 they
                 that
                 refuse
                 the
                 party
                 propounded
                 put
                 theirs
                 .
                 The
                 boxes
                 are
                 made
                 in
                 that
                 manner
                 with
                 a
                 hole
                 in
                 the
                 side
                 to
                 thrust
                 in
                 the
                 hand
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 man
                 can
                 see
                 into
                 which
                 box
                 you
                 let
                 fall
                 the
                 ball
                 .
              
               
               
                 These
                 little
                 boys
                 as
                 they
                 go
                 along
                 gathering
                 the
                 balls
                 ,
                 repete
                 still
                 aloud
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 person
                 that
                 is
                 then
                 balloted
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 have
                 gathered
                 up
                 the
                 balls
                 ,
                 they
                 carry
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Dukes
                 tribunal
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 Yea's
                 in
                 a
                 white
                 vessel
                 there
                 standing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 No's
                 in
                 a
                 green
                 .
                 The
                 Affirmative
                 or
                 Yea's
                 are
                 told
                 over
                 by
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 sitting
                 on
                 the
                 right
                 hand
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Negative
                 or
                 No's
                 by
                 them
                 sitting
                 on
                 the
                 left
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Si's
                 are
                 less
                 than
                 half
                 the
                 whole
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 ,
                 such
                 a
                 person
                 hath
                 lost
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 more
                 he
                 may
                 obtein
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 number
                 by
                 which
                 it
                 exceeds
                 the
                 half
                 is
                 set
                 down
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 other
                 Competitors
                 are
                 named
                 and
                 balloted
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 he
                 whose
                 affirmative
                 suffrages
                 or
                 Si's
                 exceed
                 the
                 half
                 by
                 the
                 greater
                 number
                 ,
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 that
                 place
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 method
                 of
                 proceeding
                 is
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 third
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 for
                 that
                 day
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 balloting
                 and
                 counting
                 is
                 done
                 ,
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 gives
                 notice
                 who
                 are
                 elected
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 to
                 present
                 themselves
                 before
                 the
                 Censors
                 ,
                 who
                 take
                 an
                 oath
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 done
                 any
                 thing
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 laws
                 to
                 obtein
                 those
                 places
                 ;
                 which
                 done
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 dismist
                 .
                 NB.
                 If
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Competitors
                 for
                 any
                 place
                 have
                 above
                 half
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 as
                 yet
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 that
                 place
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 by
                 an
                 antient
                 Law
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 is
                 to
                 break
                 up
                 before
                 Sun-set
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 happens
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Competitors
                 are
                 not
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 ballot
                 ,
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 such
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Officers
                 as
                 are
                 chosen
                 are
                 read
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 remain
                 to
                 be
                 balloted
                 lose
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 their
                 nomination
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 next
                 Council-day
                 all
                 is
                 begun
                 anew
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 other
                 Competitors
                 made
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 permitted
                 to
                 any
                 stranger
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 meetings
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 several
                 times
                 )
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 proceeding
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 particular
                 bench
                 appointed
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 sit
                 on
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Of
                 the
                 PREGADI
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 are
                 debated
                 and
                 determined
                 all
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 weighty
                 affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 .
                 This
                 Council
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 consisted
                 of
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 60.
                 
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 add
                 thereto
                 sometimes
                 25
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 20
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 last
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 an
                 addition
                 to
                 it
                 (
                 Aggiunta
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 of
                 as
                 many
                 more
                 .
                 The
                 cause
                 of
                 such
                 additions
                 was
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 ,
                 the
                 greatness
                 and
                 importance
                 of
                 the
                 affairs
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 and
                 treated
                 of
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 a
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 Gentlemen
                 being
                 present
                 at
                 such
                 consultations
                 and
                 debates
                 ,
                 matters
                 might
                 be
                 better
                 disputed
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 throughly
                 scanned
                 and
                 examined
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 60
                 Pregadi
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 but
                 three
                 of
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 family
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 three
                 in
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 but
                 two
                 in
                 the
                 Giunta
                 ;
                 if
                 there
                 but
                 two
                 in
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 there
                 may
                 then
                 be
                 three
                 in
                 the
                 Giunta
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 120
                 we
                 have
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 this
                 Council
                 takes
                 in
                 also
                 many
                 other
                 Councils
                 and
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 whereof
                 some
                 have
                 suffrages
                 and
                 some
                 have
                 not
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 add
                 reputation
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 permitted
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 ,
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 debates
                 and
                 understand
                 the
                 affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 .
                 Those
                 which
                 enter
                 into
                 this
                 Council
                 with
                 power
                 of
                 balloting
                 are
                 ,
                 The
                 Duke
                 ;
                 the
                 six
                 Counsellors
                 ;
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 ten
                 ;
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 Procurators
                 of
                 S.
                 Mark
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 Sansovinus
                 his
                 time
                 were
                 24
                 ;
                 the
                 forty
                 Judges
                 in
                 Criminal
                 causes
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 Counsellors
                 that
                 sit
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Consiglieri
                   da
                   Basso
                
                 ;
                 the
                 two
                 Censors
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 finished
                 their
                 Magistracy
                 have
                 power
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 and
                 ballot
                 ,
                 the
                 three
                 that
                 are
                 over
                 the
                 acts
                 of
                 the
                 Sopracastaldi
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 ended
                 their
                 office
                 have
                 power
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 limited
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 and
                 ballot
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 
                 
                   Signori
                   alle
                   biave
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 bread-corn
                 and
                 of
                 mills
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 provision
                 thereof
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 if
                 need
                 require
                 ,
                 &c.
                 the
                 four
                 
                   Signori
                   al
                   sale
                
                 ,
                 who
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 and
                 farm
                 out
                 the
                 excise
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Camerlinghi
                   di
                   commune
                
                 ,
                 who
                 receive
                 and
                 disburse
                 all
                 the
                 public
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 we
                 might
                 English
                 them
                 Treasurers
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Signori
                   alle
                   Ragioni
                   vecchie
                
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 to
                 disburse
                 what
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 entertainment
                 of
                 forein
                 Princes
                 and
                 Embassadors
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 else
                 is
                 appointed
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 
                   alle
                   Ragioni
                   nuove
                
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 to
                 exact
                 what
                 is
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 farmed
                 the
                 public
                 custom
                 and
                 excise
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 punish
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 slack
                 and
                 run
                 behind
                 hand
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Proveditori
                   di
                   commune
                
                 ,
                 who
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 Ships
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 just
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 freighted
                 beyond
                 their
                 measure
                 ,
                 oversee
                 the
                 high-ways
                 and
                 bridges
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 Arts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 the
                 small
                 Schools
                 or
                 Fraternities
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 are
                 set
                 over
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 that
                 are
                 over
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Proveditori
                   sopra
                   le
                   Camere
                
                 ,
                 who
                 take
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 general
                 Collectors
                 of
                 the
                 revenues
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ;
                 the
                 three
                 Proveditors
                 
                   à
                   dieci
                   Officii
                
                 ,
                 who
                 exact
                 and
                 gather
                 up
                 such
                 moneys
                 of
                 the
                 public
                 customs
                 or
                 excise
                 as
                 are
                 not
                 fully
                 and
                 absolutely
                 sifted
                 and
                 examined
                 by
                 the
                 Custom-Officers
                 ,
                 the
                 three
                 Cataueri
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 also
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 public
                 revenue
                 ,
                 as
                 Escheats
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 a
                 man
                 dies
                 intestate
                 and
                 without
                 heirs
                 ;
                 mulcts
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 cast
                 in
                 a
                 Suit
                 :
                 they
                 judge
                 also
                 concerning
                 treasures
                 found
                 either
                 at
                 sea
                 or
                 land
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 that
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 and
                 have
                 no
                 suffrages
                 are
                 the
                 College
                 or
                 Company
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 ;
                 The
                 Proveditors
                 
                   sopra
                   le
                   Acque
                
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Lagune
                 and
                 scouring
                 the
                 chanels
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 
                   Dieci
                   Savii
                
                 ,
                 who
                 see
                 that
                 tithes
                 be
                 duly
                 set
                 out
                 and
                 
                 paid
                 ;
                 give
                 possession
                 ,
                 register
                 Bargains
                 and
                 Sales
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 three
                 Officers
                 of
                 Health
                 ,
                 who
                 take
                 care
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 be
                 kept
                 clean
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 noisome
                 or
                 offensive
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 nothing
                 that
                 is
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 may
                 cause
                 sickness
                 and
                 infection
                 bought
                 and
                 sold
                 either
                 by
                 land
                 or
                 water
                 ;
                 from
                 these
                 Mountebanks
                 and
                 Physicians
                 take
                 licenses
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 keep
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Whores
                 who
                 are
                 licensed
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 any
                 Epidemical
                 Disease
                 they
                 have
                 absolute
                 power
                 of
                 life
                 and
                 death
                 .
                 The
                 three
                 over
                 the
                 Datii
                 ,
                 or
                 public
                 Customs
                 and
                 Excise
                 ;
                 the
                 Proveditors
                 over
                 the
                 of
                 Alexandria
                 ;
                 the
                 twelve
                 over
                 that
                 of
                 Damascus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 twelve
                 over
                 that
                 of
                 London
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Pregadi
                 were
                 so
                 called
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 think
                 ,
                 because
                 anciently
                 they
                 were
                 assembled
                 by
                 public
                 Ministers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 them
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 prayed
                 and
                 entreated
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 come
                 and
                 consult
                 of
                 the
                 affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 The
                 Pregadi
                 properly
                 so
                 called
                 are
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 Gr.
                 Council
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 Magistrates
                 are
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 before
                 related
                 .
                 They
                 begin
                 so
                 soon
                 to
                 chuse
                 them
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 may
                 be
                 elected
                 by
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 they
                 enter
                 upon
                 their
                 Office.
                 The
                 Giunta
                 or
                 other
                 60
                 are
                 chosen
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Pregadi
                 and
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 Upon
                 Michaelmas
                 day
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Pregadi
                 is
                 assembled
                 ,
                 wherein
                 each
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 suffrages
                 nominates
                 the
                 person
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 Giunta
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 nominated
                 are
                 written
                 down
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 is
                 convened
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 persons
                 nominated
                 by
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 having
                 been
                 first
                 read
                 ,
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 an
                 urn
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 drawn
                 out
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Secretaries
                 ,
                 and
                 balloted
                 by
                 the
                 Council
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 obtains
                 above
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 suffrages
                 is
                 reckoned
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Giunta
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 Magistrates
                 comprehended
                 in
                 this
                 Council
                 ,
                 it
                 matters
                 not
                 at
                 what
                 time
                 they
                 be
                 created
                 ;
                 
                 because
                 when
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 enter
                 upon
                 their
                 administration
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 at
                 present
                 exercise
                 such
                 offices
                 are
                 numbred
                 among
                 them
                 as
                 members
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 their
                 offices
                 determine
                 before
                 the
                 
                 Pregadi's
                 ,
                 their
                 successours
                 enter
                 in
                 their
                 places
                 .
                 Besides
                 those
                 who
                 assist
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 in
                 a
                 time
                 of
                 need
                 with
                 their
                 estates
                 ,
                 lending
                 such
                 a
                 sum
                 of
                 mony
                 as
                 the
                 Law
                 determines
                 ,
                 have
                 liberty
                 granted
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 in
                 this
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 public
                 affairs
                 (
                 yet
                 without
                 power
                 of
                 balloting
                 )
                 till
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 their
                 moneys
                 be
                 repaid
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 longer
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Law
                 prescribes
                 them
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 to
                 enjoy
                 this
                 honour
                 ,
                 though
                 their
                 mony
                 be
                 repaid
                 them
                 before
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 constitution
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 reaps
                 a
                 double
                 benefit
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 it
                 seldom
                 wants
                 mony
                 upon
                 any
                 exigent
                 ,
                 many
                 being
                 willing
                 to
                 lend
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 enjoy
                 this
                 privilege
                 .
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 it
                 trains
                 up
                 young
                 men
                 to
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 State-affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 qualifies
                 and
                 enables
                 them
                 to
                 manage
                 public
                 business
                 when
                 they
                 shall
                 be
                 thereto
                 called
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Pregadi
                 are
                 assembled
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 it
                 pleases
                 the
                 College
                 .
                 A
                 Council
                 is
                 also
                 granted
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 confirm
                 any
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 any
                 difficult
                 case
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 to
                 be
                 determined
                 .
                 The
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 meeting
                 is
                 signified
                 by
                 the
                 tolling
                 of
                 a
                 Bell
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 custom
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 give
                 notice
                 and
                 invite
                 them
                 by
                 public
                 Serjeants
                 or
                 Ministers
                 .
                 They
                 cannot
                 enter
                 into
                 any
                 consultation
                 about
                 public
                 business
                 ,
                 unless
                 there
                 be
                 present
                 four
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellours
                 ,
                 and
                 60
                 at
                 least
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 suffrages
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Council
                 are
                 consultations
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 resolutions
                 taken
                 about
                 Peace
                 and
                 War
                 ,
                 truces
                 and
                 agreements
                 ,
                 and
                 ways
                 of
                 providing
                 money
                 for
                 the
                 necessities
                 and
                 uses
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 How
                 these
                 affairs
                 are
                 treated
                 of
                 will
                 appear
                 when
                 we
                 shall
                 come
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 College
                 .
                 Laws
                 are
                 also
                 confirmed
                 in
                 this
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 first
                 considered
                 by
                 those
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 over
                 that
                 business
                 to
                 
                 which
                 such
                 Laws
                 appertain
                 ,
                 Such
                 Magistrates
                 come
                 first
                 to
                 the
                 College
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 shew
                 either
                 the
                 necessity
                 or
                 the
                 benefit
                 and
                 utility
                 of
                 such
                 Laws
                 as
                 they
                 would
                 introduce
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 College
                 approves
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 are
                 permitted
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 pass
                 there
                 ,
                 then
                 are
                 they
                 valid
                 ,
                 and
                 published
                 by
                 public
                 bando
                 or
                 Proclamation
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 every
                 one
                 is
                 obliged
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 them
                 and
                 observe
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Magistrate
                 that
                 introduced
                 them
                 is
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 .
                 They
                 use
                 also
                 sometimes
                 to
                 get
                 their
                 laws
                 confirmed
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 .
                 The
                 which
                 thing
                 (
                 saith
                 my
                 Author
                 )
                 is
                 I
                 suppose
                 principally
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 brings
                 in
                 the
                 Law
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 usually
                 done
                 to
                 gain
                 more
                 reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 add
                 strength
                 to
                 the
                 Law.
                 Besides
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 is
                 chosen
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Armata
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 hath
                 occasion
                 to
                 make
                 war
                 by
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Proveditor
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 when
                 they
                 make
                 war
                 by
                 Land
                 :
                 those
                 three
                 kinds
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 ,
                 
                   i.
                   e.
                   Savi
                   grandi
                   ,
                   Savi
                   di
                   Terra
                   ferma
                   &
                   Savi
                   di
                   mare
                   :
                
                 which
                 elections
                 are
                 made
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 Each
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 nominates
                 one
                 whom
                 he
                 pleases
                 .
                 All
                 that
                 are
                 so
                 nominated
                 are
                 balloted
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 obtains
                 more
                 then
                 half
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 that
                 office
                 or
                 dignity
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 it
                 may
                 often
                 happen
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 judged
                 fittest
                 for
                 such
                 or
                 such
                 an
                 office
                 may
                 be
                 known
                 to
                 be
                 unwilling
                 to
                 accept
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 man
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 displeasing
                 him
                 may
                 dare
                 publicly
                 to
                 nominate
                 him
                 ;
                 therefore
                 to
                 avoid
                 that
                 inconvenience
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 writes
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 paper
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 him
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 chuse
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 place
                 ;
                 which
                 Scrolls
                 are
                 all
                 together
                 put
                 into
                 an
                 urn
                 ,
                 and
                 drawn
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 names
                 written
                 therein
                 being
                 openly
                 read
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 ballot
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 him
                 who
                 hath
                 more
                 then
                 half
                 the
                 
                 suffrages
                 is
                 such
                 Office
                 or
                 Dignity
                 conferred
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Armata
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 chosen
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 must
                 be
                 afterwards
                 ballotted
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Great
                   Council
                
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 Competitors
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 four
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 in
                 manner
                 before
                 related
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 who
                 hath
                 most
                 suffrages
                 above
                 the
                 half
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 elected
                 .
                 The
                 Counsellours
                 also
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Censors
                 are
                 elected
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 COLLEGE
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 College
                 is
                 the
                 third
                 member
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 reputation
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 made
                 up
                 principally
                 of
                 three
                 sets
                 or
                 kinds
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 .
                 First
                 those
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Savi
                   grande
                
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Those
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   terra
                   ferma
                
                 .
                 And
                 3.
                 those
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   mare
                
                 .
                 The
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 is
                 six
                 ;
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 five
                 ;
                 in
                 all
                 sixteen
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 these
                 of
                 the
                 Signoria
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 the
                 six
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 three
                 heads
                 or
                 chiefs
                 of
                 the
                 40
                 Criminal
                 Judges
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Quaranta
                
                 .
                 The
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 otherwise
                 called
                 
                   Savi
                   à
                   gli
                   ordini
                
                 ,
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 all
                 maritime
                 affairs
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 such
                 as
                 concern
                 peace
                 and
                 war
                 as
                 other
                 matters
                 .
                 The
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 manage
                 and
                 govern
                 Land
                 affairs
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 appertain
                 to
                 peace
                 and
                 war
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 especial
                 charge
                 is
                 to
                 keep
                 account
                 of
                 all
                 Souldiers
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealths
                 pay
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 over-see
                 and
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 at
                 home
                 as
                 abroad
                 .
                 And
                 their
                 particular
                 charge
                 is
                 to
                 make
                 provision
                 both
                 for
                 Peace
                 and
                 war
                 ,
                 to
                 write
                 to
                 and
                 answer
                 Princes
                 Letters
                 ,
                 and
                 finally
                 to
                 counsel
                 and
                 govern
                 the
                 whole
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 noted
                 that
                 anciently
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 did
                 include
                 the
                 authority
                 and
                 administration
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 might
                 intermeddle
                 with
                 the
                 affairs
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Land
                 ,
                 though
                 not
                 excluding
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land.
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 land
                 included
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 not
                 included
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 with
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 could
                 take
                 into
                 their
                 consideration
                 Sea-affa●rs
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 included
                 both
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 only
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 But
                 in
                 our
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 many
                 years
                 since
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 managing
                 such
                 affairs
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 altered
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 by
                 Law
                 it
                 is
                 determined
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Authority
                 and
                 administration
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 land
                 shall
                 be
                 equal
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Grand
                 Savi
                 ;
                 only
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 remains
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 terms
                 it
                 was
                 .
                 In
                 old
                 time
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 other
                 then
                 the
                 Grand
                 Savi
                 ;
                 afterward
                 the
                 naval
                 power
                 and
                 command
                 at
                 Sea
                 being
                 encreased
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 found
                 necessary
                 to
                 create
                 a
                 Council
                 for
                 Sea
                 affairs
                 or
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   mare
                
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 happened
                 afterward
                 when
                 the
                 Republic
                 began
                 to
                 grow
                 great
                 on
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 being
                 constrained
                 to
                 create
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   terra
                   ferma
                
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 presently
                 after
                 that
                 Treviso
                 came
                 under
                 their
                 dominion
                 .
                 Anciently
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   mare
                
                 were
                 of
                 greater
                 reputation
                 then
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 
                   terra
                   ferma
                
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 began
                 to
                 encrease
                 upon
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 they
                 bent
                 their
                 counsels
                 and
                 endeavours
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   mare
                
                 lost
                 their
                 reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Terra
                   ferma
                
                 gained
                 it
                 .
                 These
                 three
                 kinds
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 are
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 Proveditor
                 of
                 the
                 Camp.
                 None
                 can
                 be
                 made
                 
                   Savio
                   grande
                
                 unless
                 he
                 be
                 of
                 mature
                 age
                 ,
                 and
                 reputed
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 abilities
                 .
                 The
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 are
                 always
                 men
                 of
                 reputation
                 for
                 prudence
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 great
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 ;
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 are
                 still
                 of
                 less
                 esteem
                 then
                 they
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 present
                 this
                 Magistracy
                 serves
                 rather
                 to
                 give
                 young
                 men
                 occasion
                 to
                 exercise
                 themselves
                 in
                 State-business
                 ,
                 then
                 for
                 any
                 other
                 purpose
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 moment
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   terra
                   ferma
                
                 are
                 always
                 employed
                 .
                 Each
                 of
                 these
                 companies
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 chuse
                 one
                 of
                 themselves
                 Praepositus
                 ,
                 or
                 Prevost
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 chief
                 of
                 that
                 Magistracy
                 for
                 one
                 week
                 ;
                 he
                 propounds
                 matters
                 in
                 the
                 College
                 and
                 Records
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 executed
                 which
                 appertain
                 to
                 his
                 Magistracy
                 .
                 The
                 manner
                 of
                 proceeding
                 and
                 transacting
                 public
                 affairs
                 in
                 the
                 College
                 is
                 this
                 .
                 Every
                 morning
                 two
                 hours
                 after
                 Sun-rising
                 the
                 College
                 is
                 convened
                 .
                 [
                 
                   N.
                   B.
                
                 whenever
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 College
                 we
                 understand
                 the
                 three
                 Societies
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 before-mentioned
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 with
                 the
                 Signoria
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 their
                 places
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 this
                 College
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 Grand
                 Council
                 ,
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 and
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 ten
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 nothing
                 is
                 debated
                 without
                 their
                 presence
                 and
                 intervention
                 .
                 ]
                 The
                 College
                 being
                 assembled
                 ,
                 all
                 those
                 Letters
                 are
                 read
                 that
                 were
                 received
                 since
                 their
                 last
                 meeting
                 :
                 Audience
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 publick
                 Oratours
                 and
                 Embassadours
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 require
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Societies
                 of
                 Savi
                 dispatch
                 such
                 business
                 as
                 appertains
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 propounded
                 and
                 recorded
                 by
                 their
                 Provost
                 .
                 If
                 therefore
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 business
                 to
                 be
                 debated
                 appertaining
                 to
                 the
                 Grand
                 Savi
                 ,
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 may
                 be
                 excluded
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 of
                 very
                 great
                 importance
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 use
                 to
                 prohibit
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 such
                 deliberations
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 part
                 is
                 only
                 to
                 hear
                 and
                 hold
                 their
                 peace
                 :
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 do
                 deliver
                 their
                 opinions
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 they
                 not
                 noted
                 down
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 opinions
                 of
                 the
                 Grand
                 Savi
                 ,
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Duke
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 method
                 and
                 order
                 of
                 this
                 administration
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 understood
                 by
                 an
                 example
                 ,
                 let
                 us
                 suppose
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 consultation
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 about
                 some
                 affairs
                 appertaining
                 to
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 cannot
                 exclude
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Grand
                   
                   Savi
                
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 please
                 to
                 interpose
                 and
                 meddle
                 with
                 that
                 affair
                 .
                 After
                 consultation
                 had
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Grand
                   Savi
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 also
                 and
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 and
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 may
                 deliver
                 their
                 opinions
                 if
                 they
                 please
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 different
                 opinions
                 ,
                 make
                 one
                 or
                 several
                 parties
                 [
                 by
                 parties
                 we
                 mean
                 nothing
                 but
                 propositions
                 or
                 sentences
                 .
                 ]
                 For
                 that
                 each
                 Savio
                 and
                 Counsellour
                 ,
                 much
                 more
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 agree
                 to
                 the
                 opinions
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 may
                 each
                 bring
                 in
                 a
                 party
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 propound
                 his
                 sentence
                 or
                 judgment
                 about
                 a
                 business
                 )
                 alone
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 parties
                 are
                 noted
                 by
                 a
                 Secretary
                 ,
                 each
                 one
                 with
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 that
                 Savio
                 or
                 other
                 person
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 no
                 matter
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 public
                 administration
                 can
                 be
                 determined
                 without
                 the
                 approbation
                 and
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ;
                 therefore
                 that
                 Council
                 being
                 assembled
                 ,
                 the
                 aforesaid
                 Magistrates
                 come
                 with
                 their
                 parties
                 or
                 propositions
                 noted
                 ,
                 and
                 propound
                 them
                 in
                 order
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 parties
                 be
                 more
                 then
                 one
                 (
                 as
                 suppose
                 four
                 )
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 propounded
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 is
                 first
                 read
                 the
                 Author
                 whereof
                 is
                 the
                 more
                 honourable
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 Counsellors
                 ought
                 to
                 precede
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   grandi
                
                 ,
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ;
                 and
                 theirs
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   mare
                
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Societies
                 of
                 Savi
                 in
                 matters
                 appertaining
                 to
                 their
                 charge
                 have
                 taken
                 several
                 parties
                 ,
                 that
                 party
                 ought
                 first
                 to
                 be
                 propounded
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 Authour
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 that
                 Society
                 is
                 most
                 honorable
                 .
                 The
                 parties
                 being
                 propounded
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 will
                 speak
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 precede
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 them
                 first
                 that
                 Savio
                 who
                 is
                 of
                 greatest
                 Authority
                 .
                 After
                 that
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 hath
                 liberty
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 After
                 sufficient
                 debate
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 parties
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 balloted
                 together
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 Suppose
                 the
                 parties
                 to
                 be
                 
                 four
                 ,
                 then
                 there
                 are
                 four
                 Secretaries
                 come
                 in
                 ,
                 having
                 each
                 a
                 white
                 box
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 :
                 after
                 them
                 another
                 Secretary
                 follows
                 with
                 a
                 green
                 box
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 still
                 another
                 with
                 a
                 red
                 box
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 four
                 goes
                 from
                 person
                 to
                 person
                 ,
                 repeating
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 author
                 of
                 the
                 party
                 first
                 propounded
                 :
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 third
                 ,
                 and
                 fourth
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 repeating
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 third
                 ,
                 and
                 fourth
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 puts
                 his
                 ballot
                 into
                 what
                 box
                 he
                 pleases
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 approves
                 not
                 the
                 first
                 party
                 ,
                 he
                 puts
                 his
                 ballot
                 in
                 his
                 box
                 that
                 gathers
                 the
                 suffrages
                 for
                 that
                 party
                 that
                 pleases
                 him
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 approves
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 four
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 puts
                 his
                 ballot
                 in
                 the
                 green
                 box
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 matter
                 be
                 not
                 yet
                 clear
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 fully
                 satisfied
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 puts
                 his
                 ballot
                 into
                 the
                 red
                 box
                 that
                 comes
                 last
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 box
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Non
                   sinceri
                
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 such
                 as
                 neither
                 approve
                 or
                 reject
                 .
                 The
                 Suffrages
                 being
                 thus
                 gathered
                 ,
                 the
                 ballots
                 of
                 each
                 party
                 are
                 told
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 exceeds
                 the
                 half
                 by
                 most
                 suffrages
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 confirmed
                 and
                 ratified
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 none
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 half
                 ,
                 then
                 that
                 which
                 hath
                 the
                 least
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 being
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 three
                 are
                 balloted
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 with
                 three
                 boxes
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 a
                 green
                 and
                 a
                 red
                 one
                 .
                 If
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 get
                 half
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 ,
                 then
                 that
                 which
                 hath
                 fewest
                 being
                 again
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 the
                 remaining
                 two
                 are
                 balloted
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 neither
                 of
                 these
                 passeth
                 the
                 half
                 ,
                 then
                 that
                 which
                 hath
                 the
                 most
                 suffrages
                 is
                 balloted
                 alone
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 suffrages
                 for
                 that
                 exceed
                 not
                 the
                 half
                 ,
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 parties
                 balloted
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 confirmed
                 :
                 in
                 which
                 case
                 new
                 parties
                 must
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 matter
                 treated
                 of
                 be
                 necessary
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Savi
                 may
                 bring
                 in
                 new
                 parties
                 .
                 Such
                 a
                 business
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 referred
                 to
                 another
                 day
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 seldom
                 happens
                 that
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 parties
                 no
                 one
                 is
                 approved
                 .
                 
                 When
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 confirmed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 requires
                 further
                 debate
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 declare
                 what
                 order
                 is
                 taken
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten.
                 But
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 noted
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 all
                 the
                 parties
                 are
                 balloted
                 together
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 more
                 then
                 half
                 the
                 suffrages
                 in
                 the
                 box
                 of
                 the
                 Non-sinceri
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 such
                 as
                 suspend
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 clear
                 in
                 the
                 point
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 such
                 case
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 parties
                 can
                 be
                 balloted
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 matter
                 requiring
                 new
                 debate
                 ,
                 new
                 parties
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 it
                 may
                 happen
                 that
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 may
                 have
                 upon
                 some
                 matter
                 under
                 consideration
                 a
                 proposition
                 to
                 make
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 and
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 which
                 came
                 not
                 into
                 the
                 minds
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 or
                 others
                 who
                 have
                 power
                 of
                 propounding
                 their
                 judgments
                 or
                 opinions
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 advantage
                 be
                 not
                 lost
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 ordained
                 that
                 such
                 opinion
                 or
                 sentiment
                 be
                 communicated
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 power
                 to
                 propound
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 him
                 propounded
                 to
                 the
                 Council
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 none
                 but
                 the
                 Savi
                 and
                 others
                 before-mentioned
                 should
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 parties
                 ,
                 is
                 ordained
                 to
                 avoid
                 prolixity
                 and
                 confusion
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 also
                 unlikely
                 that
                 what
                 comes
                 not
                 into
                 the
                 thoughts
                 and
                 consideration
                 of
                 the
                 College
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 wisest
                 persons
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 imagined
                 or
                 found
                 out
                 by
                 other
                 men
                 .
                 But
                 granting
                 this
                 might
                 sometimes
                 happen
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 seldom
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 great
                 account
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 rather
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 every
                 constitution
                 the
                 lesser
                 convenience
                 ought
                 to
                 give
                 place
                 to
                 the
                 greater
                 .
                 To
                 every
                 of
                 these
                 three
                 Societies
                 of
                 Savi
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 of
                 six
                 months
                 determines
                 their
                 office
                 :
                 but
                 yet
                 are
                 not
                 all
                 the
                 persons
                 in
                 each
                 chosen
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 grand
                 Savi
                 are
                 chosen
                 at
                 two
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 three
                 at
                 once
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 to
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 intercedes
                 three
                 months
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 are
                 also
                 chosen
                 at
                 
                 two
                 times
                 ,
                 three
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 the
                 second
                 ;
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 interval
                 between
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 grand
                 Savi
                 there
                 is
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 great
                 affairs
                 requiring
                 it
                 ,
                 added
                 an
                 Aggiunta
                 of
                 three
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 we
                 call
                 
                   Savi
                   straor●dinarii
                
                 .
                 One
                 may
                 be
                 chosen
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 successively
                 two
                 or
                 more
                 years
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 DVKE
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 this
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 great
                 power
                 and
                 authority
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 ancient
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 afterwards
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 moderated
                 and
                 diminished
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 nothing
                 ,
                 only
                 shew
                 in
                 what
                 manner
                 he
                 is
                 elected
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 Authority
                 he
                 hath
                 in
                 our
                 times
                 .
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 Duke
                 is
                 dead
                 ,
                 the
                 six
                 Counsellors
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Palace
                 with
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 heerafter
                 .
                 The
                 senior
                 Counsellor
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 Vice-Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 performs
                 some
                 business
                 which
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 office
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 sealing
                 of
                 bollettines
                 for
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 undertake
                 any
                 new
                 office
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Letters
                 which
                 the
                 Signoria
                 writes
                 to
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Commanders
                 abroad
                 go
                 in
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 Governatori
                 .
                 The
                 Counsellors
                 once
                 entred
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 go
                 not
                 out
                 thence
                 till
                 the
                 new
                 Duke
                 be
                 created
                 .
                 The
                 Palace-gates
                 are
                 also
                 kept
                 lockt
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 the
                 wickets
                 left
                 open
                 to
                 enter
                 in
                 and
                 go
                 out
                 at
                 :
                 and
                 besides
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Guard
                 ,
                 more
                 for
                 ancient
                 usage
                 then
                 any
                 necessity
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 alteration
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 upon
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 then
                 upon
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 any
                 private
                 Gentleman
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 *
                 It
                 s
                 true
                 indeed
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 do
                 not
                 proceed
                 in
                 the
                 administration
                 of
                 their
                 offices
                 ,
                 before
                 there
                 be
                 a
                 new
                 Duke
                 created
                 ▪
                 but
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 s
                 supposed
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 busied
                 about
                 the
                 Election
                 .
                 The
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 deceased
                 Duke
                 being
                 adorned
                 with
                 the
                 Ducal
                 Vestments
                 ,
                 is
                 brought
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 placed
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 room
                 called
                 the
                 
                   Sala
                   de
                   Pioveghi
                
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 remains
                 
                 
                   
                     ❀
                     DOMINICAS
                     CONTARENO
                     DEI
                     GRATIA
                     DVX
                     VENETIARVM
                     .
                  
                   portrait
                
                 
                 
                 three
                 days
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 twenty
                 Gentlemen
                 appointed
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 clothed
                 with
                 Scarlet
                 ,
                 accompany
                 it
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 carried
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 sit
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 till
                 night
                 ,
                 returning
                 again
                 the
                 next
                 morning
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 they
                 continue
                 to
                 do
                 for
                 three
                 days
                 .
                 Then
                 is
                 the
                 Funeral
                 celebrated
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 which
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Magistrate
                 requires
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 after
                 the
                 Funeral
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 is
                 convened
                 ,
                 and
                 given
                 to
                 understand
                 by
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 to
                 give
                 beginning
                 to
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 Duke
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 first
                 to
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 five
                 Correctors
                 and
                 three
                 Inquisitors
                 .
                 The
                 Vice-Duke
                 then
                 standing
                 up
                 ,
                 makes
                 a
                 Speech
                 to
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 commended
                 the
                 Life
                 ,
                 Behaviour
                 ,
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 deceased
                 ,
                 exhorts
                 and
                 stirs
                 up
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 a
                 person
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 useful
                 and
                 honourable
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Then
                 doth
                 he
                 cause
                 the
                 Laws
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 ,
                 which
                 prescribe
                 the
                 manner
                 and
                 order
                 of
                 electing
                 the
                 new
                 Duke
                 :
                 and
                 last
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Council
                 proceed
                 to
                 elect
                 the
                 said
                 five
                 Correctors
                 and
                 three
                 Inquisitors
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 they
                 use
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 other
                 Magistrates
                 .
                 The
                 office
                 of
                 the
                 Inquisitors
                 is
                 diligently
                 to
                 examine
                 the
                 life
                 and
                 actions
                 of
                 the
                 deceased
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 find
                 that
                 he
                 hath
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 erred
                 or
                 done
                 amiss
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 obliged
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 look
                 what
                 punishment
                 he
                 hath
                 deserved
                 is
                 inflicted
                 on
                 his
                 heirs
                 .
                 But
                 such
                 punishments
                 are
                 never
                 corporal
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 pecuniary
                 mulcts
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 a
                 Cause
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 business
                 of
                 great
                 importance
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 finally
                 determined
                 by
                 the
                 Inquisitors
                 ,
                 but
                 agitated
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 also
                 be
                 examined
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Quarantia
                   criminale
                
                 .
                 These
                 Inquisitors
                 have
                 a
                 years
                 time
                 to
                 finish
                 their
                 Inquisition
                 in
                 .
                 The
                 office
                 of
                 the
                 Correctors
                 is
                 to
                 see
                 and
                 consider
                 well
                 if
                 any
                 new
                 Law
                 to
                 be
                 observed
                 by
                 the
                 succeeding
                 Prince
                 is
                 needful
                 to
                 be
                 introduced
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 have
                 been
                 any
                 error
                 discovered
                 in
                 the
                 administration
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Precedent
                 Duke
                 that
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 corrected
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 doing
                 of
                 which
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 created
                 they
                 are
                 brought
                 into
                 a
                 certain
                 Chamber
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 meet
                 so
                 often
                 till
                 they
                 be
                 agreed
                 upon
                 what
                 to
                 them
                 seems
                 needful
                 to
                 be
                 amended
                 ,
                 or
                 sit
                 to
                 be
                 newly
                 introduced
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 commonly
                 takes
                 up
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 days
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 have
                 finished
                 their
                 considerations
                 ,
                 they
                 therewith
                 acquaint
                 the
                 Signoria
                 ,
                 who
                 cause
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 to
                 be
                 convened
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 accustomed
                 place
                 and
                 manner
                 ;
                 whither
                 the
                 said
                 Correctors
                 come
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 cause
                 all
                 such
                 Laws
                 and
                 Corrections
                 as
                 they
                 judge
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 publicly
                 recited
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 balloted
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 Council
                 ,
                 are
                 either
                 confirmed
                 or
                 rejected
                 .
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 the
                 day
                 following
                 is
                 again
                 called
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 meeting
                 none
                 can
                 come
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 passed
                 the
                 30
                 year
                 of
                 their
                 age
                 .
                 The
                 doors
                 being
                 shut
                 at
                 the
                 appointed
                 time
                 ,
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 present
                 in
                 Council
                 are
                 numbred
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 urn
                 or
                 Capello
                 of
                 that
                 sort
                 which
                 have
                 but
                 one
                 hole
                 in
                 their
                 cover
                 ,
                 are
                 put
                 30
                 golden
                 balls
                 ,
                 marked
                 with
                 a
                 certain
                 note
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 silver
                 ones
                 as
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 golden
                 are
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 present
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 junior
                 Counsellor
                 goes
                 out
                 into
                 St.
                 Marks
                 Church
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 fast
                 by
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 made
                 his
                 reverence
                 to
                 the
                 Altar
                 ,
                 takes
                 a
                 little
                 boy
                 which
                 he
                 finds
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 brings
                 him
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 ;
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 ballots
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 urn
                 for
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 who
                 they
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 being
                 permitted
                 to
                 draw
                 them
                 out
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 fraud
                 .
                 This
                 boy
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Ballotino
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 he
                 that
                 in
                 processions
                 goes
                 before
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 bound
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 boy
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 convenient
                 age
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Secretaries
                 .
                 The
                 Ballotine
                 being
                 brought
                 in
                 before
                 the
                 Signoria
                 ,
                 one
                 Counsellor
                 and
                 one
                 
                   Capo
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 chosen
                 by
                 lot
                 ,
                 go
                 and
                 set
                 themselves
                 down
                 before
                 the
                 Capello
                 ,
                 Then
                 they
                 draw
                 lots
                 which
                 Bench
                 is
                 to
                 come
                 
                 up
                 first
                 .
                 [
                 
                   N.
                   B.
                
                 Because
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 Capello
                 ,
                 the
                 Benches
                 do
                 not
                 come
                 up
                 by
                 two
                 and
                 two
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 creation
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 but
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 there
                 are
                 put
                 in
                 ten
                 lots
                 into
                 the
                 urn
                 and
                 drawn
                 out
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 benches
                 come
                 up
                 accordingly
                 .
                 ]
                 If
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 five
                 benches
                 on
                 the
                 side
                 towards
                 St.
                 Georges
                 be
                 drawn
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 begin
                 to
                 come
                 up
                 at
                 that
                 end
                 that
                 is
                 toward
                 the
                 Broil
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 five
                 that
                 are
                 toward
                 S.
                 Marks
                 be
                 drawn
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 begin
                 to
                 come
                 up
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 toward
                 Castello
                 .
                 The
                 lots
                 being
                 drawn
                 ,
                 that
                 Gentleman
                 that
                 sits
                 first
                 at
                 that
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 bench
                 which
                 is
                 to
                 begin
                 ,
                 arises
                 and
                 goes
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Ballotine
                 in
                 his
                 name
                 draws
                 out
                 a
                 ball
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 silver
                 one
                 ,
                 he
                 puts
                 it
                 in
                 another
                 Capello
                 standing
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 drew
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 for
                 whom
                 it
                 was
                 drawn
                 goes
                 presently
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 gilded
                 and
                 marked
                 ,
                 he
                 delivers
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Counsellor
                 sitting
                 by
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 pronounces
                 aloud
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 him
                 for
                 whom
                 it
                 was
                 drawn
                 :
                 who
                 presently
                 between
                 two
                 Secretaries
                 is
                 carried
                 into
                 a
                 room
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 Chamber
                 .
                 Then
                 all
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 his
                 Uncles
                 ,
                 Cousins
                 ,
                 Father-in-law
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 near
                 affinity
                 to
                 him
                 are
                 called
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 ,
                 numbred
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Secretaries
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 silver
                 balls
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Capello
                 as
                 are
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 sum
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 depart
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 order
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 benches
                 are
                 called
                 by
                 lot
                 ,
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 golden
                 balls
                 are
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Capello
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 obtained
                 them
                 are
                 withdrawn
                 into
                 the
                 fore-mentioned
                 room
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 dismist
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 30
                 come
                 all
                 before
                 the
                 Signoria
                 ,
                 and
                 sit
                 down
                 on
                 two
                 benches
                 there
                 standing
                 ,
                 half
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Then
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 Capello
                 there
                 placed
                 are
                 put
                 21
                 silver
                 Balls
                 and
                 9
                 golden
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 30
                 persons
                 being
                 called
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 order
                 they
                 were
                 
                 chosen
                 in
                 ,
                 come
                 up
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ballotine
                 draws
                 out
                 a
                 ballot
                 for
                 each
                 one
                 ,
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 golden
                 balls
                 are
                 drawn
                 .
                 Those
                 then
                 for
                 whom
                 the
                 silver
                 balls
                 were
                 drawn
                 depart
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 nine
                 who
                 obtained
                 the
                 golden
                 withdraw
                 into
                 the
                 fore-mentioned
                 room
                 ;
                 where
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 come
                 together
                 they
                 are
                 by
                 the
                 Signoria
                 conducted
                 into
                 another
                 room
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 set
                 ready
                 all
                 necessary
                 accommodations
                 for
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 having
                 given
                 oath
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 election
                 ,
                 they
                 continue
                 there
                 locked
                 up
                 together
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 chosen
                 40
                 of
                 40
                 different
                 Families
                 :
                 in
                 which
                 election
                 they
                 thus
                 proceed
                 .
                 So
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 shut
                 up
                 they
                 draw
                 lots
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 who
                 shall
                 nominate
                 first
                 ,
                 who
                 second
                 ,
                 who
                 third
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 accordingly
                 in
                 that
                 order
                 nominate
                 .
                 Those
                 nominated
                 are
                 balloted
                 among
                 the
                 nine
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 seven
                 suffrages
                 they
                 are
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 40.
                 
                 The
                 election
                 being
                 finished
                 ,
                 they
                 signifie
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Signoria
                 .
                 The
                 which
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 too
                 late
                 the
                 day
                 following
                 ,
                 cause
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 to
                 be
                 called
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 assembled
                 ,
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 with
                 two
                 Secretaries
                 goes
                 to
                 the
                 nine
                 for
                 the
                 Schedule
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 40
                 Electors
                 are
                 written
                 ;
                 and
                 returning
                 therewith
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 by
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Signoria
                 reads
                 over
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 chosen
                 ;
                 who
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 coming
                 before
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 are
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 into
                 a
                 certain
                 Chamber
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 40
                 happens
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 and
                 one
                 
                   Capo
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 go
                 to
                 search
                 him
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 giving
                 him
                 leave
                 to
                 speak
                 to
                 any
                 body
                 ,
                 bring
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Council-chamber
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 into
                 the
                 room
                 where
                 his
                 companions
                 are
                 withdrawn
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 40
                 are
                 all
                 met
                 together
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 dismist
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 30
                 ,
                 these
                 40
                 come
                 before
                 the
                 Signoria
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 two
                 benches
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 likewise
                 by
                 lot
                 called
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 put
                 28
                 
                 silver
                 balls
                 ,
                 and
                 12
                 golden
                 .
                 Those
                 for
                 whom
                 the
                 silver
                 balls
                 are
                 drawn
                 depart
                 the
                 Hall
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 for
                 whom
                 the
                 golden
                 are
                 brought
                 by
                 the
                 Signoria
                 either
                 into
                 the
                 Chamber
                 where
                 the
                 former
                 nine
                 were
                 ,
                 or
                 into
                 another
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 ;
                 where
                 having
                 taken
                 oath
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 election
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 locked
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 suffrage
                 chuse
                 25
                 of
                 25
                 several
                 Families
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 nine
                 chose
                 the
                 40
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 Election
                 9
                 suffrages
                 of
                 the
                 12
                 are
                 necessary
                 .
                 The
                 Election
                 being
                 made
                 ,
                 they
                 acquaint
                 the
                 Signoria
                 therewith
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 the
                 time
                 permits
                 ,
                 causes
                 the
                 great
                 Council
                 to
                 be
                 assembled
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 ;
                 if
                 not
                 ,
                 the
                 day
                 following
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 reads
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 the
                 25
                 :
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 chosen
                 when
                 they
                 hear
                 their
                 names
                 read
                 ,
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Tribnnal
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 into
                 a
                 room
                 by
                 themselves
                 as
                 were
                 the
                 40
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 be
                 not
                 present
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 searched
                 out
                 and
                 brought
                 in
                 like
                 wise
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 the
                 25
                 are
                 met
                 ,
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 broken
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 25
                 come
                 before
                 the
                 Signoria
                 ,
                 and
                 sitting
                 down
                 ,
                 are
                 called
                 by
                 lot
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 are
                 put
                 16
                 silver
                 balls
                 ,
                 and
                 nine
                 golden
                 .
                 Those
                 for
                 whom
                 the
                 Ballotine
                 draws
                 the
                 silver
                 balls
                 depart
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 get
                 the
                 golden
                 remain
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 lockt
                 up
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 12
                 ,
                 by
                 7
                 suffrages
                 chuse
                 45
                 of
                 45
                 several
                 Families
                 ;
                 who
                 afterwards
                 being
                 called
                 by
                 the
                 Signoria
                 into
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 the
                 present
                 and
                 absent
                 being
                 all
                 come
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 dismissed
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 45
                 being
                 set
                 before
                 the
                 Signoria
                 in
                 form
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 and
                 called
                 by
                 lot
                 ,
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Capello
                 ;
                 into
                 which
                 are
                 put
                 34
                 silver
                 balls
                 ,
                 and
                 11
                 golden
                 .
                 Those
                 for
                 whom
                 the
                 silver
                 balls
                 are
                 drawn
                 go
                 at
                 their
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 those
                 for
                 whom
                 the
                 golden
                 ,
                 remain
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 given
                 oath
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 good
                 Election
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 shut
                 up
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 suffrage
                 chuse
                 41
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 several
                 Families
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 each
                 must
                 
                 have
                 9
                 ballots
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Electors
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 .
                 After
                 these
                 41
                 are
                 thus
                 elected
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 pronounced
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 all
                 met
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 appointed
                 ,
                 in
                 manner
                 aforesaid
                 ;
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Mass
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Ghost
                 is
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 then
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Electors
                 promises
                 by
                 solemn
                 oath
                 to
                 lay
                 aside
                 all
                 humane
                 passions
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 chuse
                 for
                 Duke
                 him
                 whom
                 to
                 chuse
                 in
                 his
                 conscience
                 he
                 shall
                 judge
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 for
                 the
                 interest
                 and
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 as
                 like
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 most
                 credit
                 and
                 best
                 service
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 profoundest
                 silence
                 he
                 will
                 keep
                 secret
                 whatever
                 is
                 said
                 or
                 done
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 they
                 are
                 lockt
                 up
                 together
                 alone
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 Ministers
                 or
                 Secretaries
                 ,
                 so
                 close
                 that
                 no
                 person
                 can
                 be
                 admitted
                 to
                 see
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 among
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 ancientest
                 they
                 chuse
                 three
                 heads
                 or
                 chiefs
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Priors
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 youngest
                 among
                 them
                 they
                 chuse
                 two
                 who
                 perform
                 the
                 office
                 of
                 Secretaries
                 .
                 The
                 Priors
                 sit
                 down
                 ,
                 having
                 before
                 them
                 a
                 table
                 upon
                 which
                 are
                 placed
                 two
                 balloting
                 boxes
                 of
                 that
                 sort
                 that
                 are
                 used
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ;
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 put
                 40
                 balls
                 ,
                 marked
                 with
                 a
                 certain
                 mark
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 deceit
                 may
                 be
                 used
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 41
                 sit
                 also
                 down
                 ,
                 each
                 where
                 he
                 pleases
                 .
                 The
                 two
                 Secretaries
                 make
                 41
                 Schedules
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 folded
                 them
                 up
                 give
                 to
                 each
                 person
                 one
                 ,
                 they
                 take
                 also
                 the
                 ballots
                 and
                 distribute
                 them
                 to
                 all
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 are
                 called
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 before
                 the
                 three
                 Priors
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 one
                 writes
                 in
                 his
                 Schedule
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 him
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 to
                 be
                 Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 leaves
                 it
                 upon
                 the
                 table
                 .
                 The
                 two
                 Secretaries
                 note
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 written
                 in
                 the
                 Schedules
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 how
                 many
                 each
                 one
                 is
                 named
                 .
                 [
                 The
                 names
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Schedules
                 seldom
                 pass
                 6
                 or
                 8
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 are
                 never
                 more
                 who
                 can
                 be
                 judged
                 sit
                 to
                 be
                 promoted
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Dignity
                 .
                 ]
                 After
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 names
                 so
                 noted
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 an
                 urn
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 by
                 lot
                 drawn
                 out
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 that
                 is
                 first
                 drawn
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Electors
                 is
                 presently
                 sent
                 out
                 into
                 the
                 Chamber
                 of
                 the
                 Quarantia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 shut
                 up
                 ;
                 and
                 liberty
                 is
                 then
                 given
                 to
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Electors
                 to
                 speak
                 any
                 thing
                 he
                 hath
                 to
                 object
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 why
                 he
                 is
                 not
                 fit
                 for
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 place
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 thing
                 be
                 by
                 any
                 one
                 objected
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 set
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Secretaries
                 :
                 and
                 he
                 being
                 called
                 in
                 ,
                 all
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 spoken
                 against
                 him
                 is
                 read
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 will
                 stand
                 upon
                 his
                 defence
                 he
                 may
                 make
                 his
                 answer
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 he
                 hath
                 done
                 he
                 returns
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 Chamber
                 again
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 order
                 is
                 used
                 till
                 there
                 be
                 none
                 left
                 who
                 will
                 object
                 any
                 thing
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 till
                 he
                 will
                 defend
                 himself
                 no
                 longer
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 presently
                 balloted
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 that
                 is
                 done
                 all
                 the
                 Electors
                 go
                 up
                 before
                 the
                 Priors
                 ,
                 the
                 eldest
                 of
                 which
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 staff
                 numbers
                 over
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 affirmative
                 box
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 negative
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 affirmative
                 amount
                 to
                 25
                 ,
                 the
                 person
                 balloted
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 Duke
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 other
                 balloted
                 .
                 This
                 order
                 hath
                 been
                 since
                 changed
                 ,
                 and
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 first
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 have
                 come
                 to
                 25
                 suffrages
                 ,
                 yet
                 have
                 the
                 rest
                 been
                 balloted
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 obtained
                 most
                 suffrages
                 hath
                 been
                 made
                 Duke
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 affirmative
                 suffrages
                 do
                 not
                 amount
                 to
                 25
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 taken
                 by
                 lot
                 another
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 urn
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 names
                 set
                 down
                 each
                 with
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 its
                 nominators
                 were
                 put
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 order
                 of
                 proceeding
                 observed
                 till
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 one
                 who
                 gets
                 25
                 ballots
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 happen
                 that
                 none
                 comes
                 up
                 to
                 that
                 number
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 case
                 the
                 Electors
                 continue
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 name
                 and
                 ballot
                 the
                 nominated
                 so
                 often
                 ,
                 till
                 one
                 comes
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 foresaid
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 being
                 on
                 this
                 wise
                 created
                 ,
                 many
                 Ceremonies
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 performed
                 .
                 First
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 41
                 by
                 the
                 Great
                 Chancellor
                 send
                 word
                 to
                 the
                 Signoria
                 who
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 is
                 created
                 Duke
                 ,
                 who
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 go
                 to
                 congratulate
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 him
                 joy
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 day
                 time
                 ,
                 
                 cause
                 all
                 the
                 Bells
                 to
                 be
                 rung
                 .
                 Then
                 his
                 Kinred
                 and
                 Friends
                 come
                 to
                 visit
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 there
                 is
                 money
                 coined
                 with
                 his
                 name
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 the
                 41
                 Electors
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 go
                 into
                 St.
                 
                 Mark
                 's
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 done
                 reverence
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 all
                 mount
                 up
                 a
                 Scaffold
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ancientest
                 of
                 them
                 tells
                 the
                 people
                 (
                 who
                 by
                 this
                 time
                 have
                 filled
                 the
                 Church
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 chosen
                 a
                 Duke
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 the
                 deceased
                 ;
                 and
                 commending
                 the
                 Election
                 ,
                 shews
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 token
                 of
                 confirmation
                 and
                 joy
                 give
                 him
                 loud
                 acclamations
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 then
                 speaks
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 encourages
                 them
                 to
                 hope
                 well
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 ;
                 which
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 go
                 down
                 the
                 Scaffold
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 the
                 Duke
                 before
                 the
                 Altar
                 ;
                 where
                 by
                 the
                 Procurators
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 an
                 Oath
                 is
                 tendred
                 him
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 Laws
                 and
                 a
                 Standard
                 put
                 into
                 his
                 hand
                 by
                 the
                 Vicar
                 of
                 the
                 Primicerius
                 of
                 St.
                 Marks
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 having
                 made
                 an
                 offering
                 at
                 the
                 Altar
                 ,
                 he
                 comes
                 to
                 the
                 door
                 of
                 the
                 Choire
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 is
                 placed
                 upon
                 a
                 little
                 low
                 moveable
                 Scaffold
                 (
                 Pergoletta
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 accompanied
                 by
                 one
                 that
                 carries
                 the
                 Standard
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 another
                 of
                 his
                 near
                 Friends
                 or
                 Relations
                 ,
                 who
                 carries
                 a
                 cup
                 full
                 of
                 gold
                 and
                 silver
                 money
                 stamped
                 with
                 his
                 name
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 mariners
                 of
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 he
                 is
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 St.
                 Marks
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Piazza
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 carries
                 the
                 cup
                 scattering
                 money
                 among
                 the
                 people
                 as
                 he
                 goes
                 along
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 hath
                 rounded
                 the
                 Piazza
                 ,
                 he
                 enters
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 principal
                 gate
                 into
                 the
                 Palace
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 arrived
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 stairs
                 he
                 goes
                 off
                 the
                 Pergolette
                 to
                 go
                 up
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 stairs
                 he
                 finds
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 and
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 who
                 there
                 wait
                 for
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 is
                 got
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 stairs
                 ,
                 the
                 eldest
                 Counsellor
                 puts
                 upon
                 his
                 head
                 the
                 Ducal
                 Cap
                 ;
                 and
                 thence
                 he
                 is
                 lead
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Sala
                   de
                   Pioveghi
                
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 hath
                 sitten
                 
                 a
                 while
                 there
                 in
                 a
                 seat
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 conducted
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Lodgings
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Palace
                 being
                 resigned
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 go
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 homes
                 .
                 His
                 habit
                 much
                 differing
                 from
                 the
                 common
                 renders
                 him
                 venerable
                 .
                 On
                 his
                 head
                 he
                 wears
                 a
                 Ducal
                 Cap
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   il
                   Corno
                
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 hath
                 an
                 Apex
                 or
                 horn
                 arising
                 above
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 it
                 on
                 the
                 hinder
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 that
                 a
                 white
                 coif
                 ,
                 with
                 little
                 strings
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 ears
                 hang
                 down
                 backward
                 upon
                 his
                 neck
                 .
                 On
                 his
                 back
                 a
                 loose
                 vest
                 or
                 mantle
                 without
                 sleeves
                 so
                 long
                 that
                 it
                 draws
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 of
                 velvet
                 ,
                 Damask
                 ,
                 Scarlet
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 rich
                 cloth
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 goes
                 abroad
                 the
                 Bells
                 of
                 St.
                 Marks
                 are
                 rung
                 :
                 there
                 are
                 certain
                 Banners
                 carried
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 Trumpets
                 of
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 greatness
                 sounded
                 :
                 then
                 follows
                 the
                 Cushion
                 or
                 Pillow
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 Duke
                 himself
                 under
                 an
                 Vmbrella
                 ,
                 between
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 forein
                 Embassadors
                 or
                 Agents
                 then
                 in
                 town
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 others
                 behind
                 him
                 .
                 After
                 him
                 follow
                 about
                 30
                 couple
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 all
                 in
                 cloth
                 of
                 Scarlet
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 the
                 right
                 hand
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 couple
                 carries
                 a
                 Sword
                 upright
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 COVNSELLORS
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Duke
                 cannot
                 determine
                 ,
                 nor
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 excute
                 any
                 the
                 least
                 besiness
                 alone
                 without
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 in
                 number
                 six
                 ,
                 one
                 for
                 each
                 Sestiero
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 always
                 chosen
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 honourable
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 the
                 greatness
                 and
                 dignity
                 of
                 their
                 office
                 requiring
                 it
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 all
                 six
                 chosen
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 three
                 and
                 three
                 ;
                 those
                 for
                 the
                 three
                 Sestieri
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 the
                 Great
                 chanel
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 for
                 the
                 Sestieri
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 at
                 another
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 Magistrates
                 that
                 require
                 four
                 Competitors
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 
                 for
                 each
                 of
                 these
                 makes
                 one
                 Competitor
                 ;
                 who
                 is
                 afterward
                 balloted
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 .
                 So
                 then
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Election
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 three
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 is
                 assembled
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 four
                 sets
                 of
                 Electors
                 are
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 withdrawn
                 into
                 their
                 several
                 rooms
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 Elections
                 after
                 the
                 order
                 before
                 set
                 down
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Secretaries
                 gives
                 notice
                 to
                 all
                 who
                 have
                 votes
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 withdraw
                 into
                 the
                 Chamber
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 the
                 Great
                 Council-chamber
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 uses
                 to
                 meet
                 .
                 Where
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 met
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 with
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 and
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 goes
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 being
                 by
                 lot
                 determined
                 for
                 what
                 Sestiero
                 a
                 Counsellor
                 shall
                 be
                 first
                 chosen
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 names
                 him
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 to
                 be
                 Counsellor
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 persons
                 nominated
                 are
                 written
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 balloted
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 more
                 then
                 half
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 is
                 cohsen
                 Competitor
                 :
                 and
                 this
                 manner
                 of
                 chusing
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 is
                 called
                 Scrutinio
                 .
                 The
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 and
                 the
                 Duke
                 being
                 returned
                 into
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Competitors
                 made
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 all
                 balloted
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 fore-mentioned
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 most
                 above
                 half
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 suffrages
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 Counsellor
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 happen
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 one
                 only
                 may
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 nominated
                 Competitor
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 is
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 case
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 balloted
                 ;
                 notwithstanding
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 none
                 can
                 be
                 balloted
                 without
                 a
                 Competitor
                 :
                 because
                 being
                 nominated
                 in
                 divers
                 Councils
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 Competitor
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 as
                 hath
                 been
                 before
                 intimated
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 hath
                 more
                 then
                 half
                 the
                 suffrages
                 he
                 is
                 chosen
                 ,
                 [
                 NB.
                 Where
                 there
                 are
                 more
                 Competitors
                 then
                 one
                 balloted
                 for
                 any
                 place
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 chuse
                 a
                 Competitor
                 ,
                 it
                 happens
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 chosen
                 who
                 was
                 made
                 Competitor
                 by
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Dignity
                 
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 that
                 Council
                 .
                 ]
                 The
                 six
                 Counsellors
                 sit
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 him
                 administer
                 all
                 affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 dispatch
                 especially
                 all
                 private
                 business
                 :
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 give
                 Audience
                 ,
                 read
                 publick
                 Letters
                 ,
                 grant
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 ;
                 which
                 things
                 cannot
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 not
                 four
                 Counsellors
                 present
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 may
                 dispatch
                 any
                 the
                 like
                 business
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Duke
                 be
                 not
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 power
                 of
                 propounding
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 and
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 Savi
                 who
                 have
                 power
                 of
                 propounding
                 matters
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Dieci
                
                 who
                 have
                 privilege
                 of
                 propounding
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 have
                 not
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 is
                 greater
                 then
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Savi
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Dieci
                
                 .
                 [
                 NB.
                 That
                 any
                 one
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 though
                 no
                 other
                 concur
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 may
                 propound
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 unless
                 three
                 more
                 concur
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 opinion
                 .
                 ]
                 This
                 Magistracy
                 continues
                 for
                 a
                 whole
                 year
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 exercised
                 but
                 8
                 months
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 four
                 months
                 being
                 spent
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Quarantia
                   criminale
                
                 ,
                 wherein
                 three
                 Counsellors
                 continually
                 sit
                 ,
                 who
                 during
                 that
                 time
                 are
                 called
                 
                   Consiglieri
                   da
                   basso
                   ,
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 lower
                 Counsellors
                 .
                 They
                 may
                 sit
                 in
                 this
                 Court
                 either
                 the
                 first
                 4
                 months
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 last
                 4
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 two
                 first
                 and
                 two
                 last
                 ,
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 that
                 there
                 be
                 always
                 nine
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 six
                 who
                 sit
                 constantly
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 three
                 now
                 mentioned
                 :
                 and
                 when
                 these
                 are
                 to
                 go
                 sit
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 or
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 office
                 ,
                 three
                 of
                 those
                 which
                 sit
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 come
                 down
                 to
                 sit
                 in
                 the
                 Quaranatia
                 or
                 finish
                 their
                 office
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 three
                 new
                 ones
                 created
                 .
                 Moreover
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 six
                 Counsellors
                 do
                 also
                 sit
                 three
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Quarantia
                   criminale
                
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 the
                 40
                 Judges
                 in
                 criminal
                 causes
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 who
                 hold
                 this
                 Dignity
                 two
                 months
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Signoria
                 
                 is
                 understood
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 the
                 six
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Quaranta
                
                 .
                 Anciently
                 the
                 Duke
                 with
                 his
                 Counsellors
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 judgments
                 of
                 the
                 Quarantia
                 ;
                 but
                 
                   Marcus
                   Cornarus
                
                 who
                 was
                 made
                 Duke
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1365.
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 business
                 which
                 daily
                 encreased
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 left
                 that
                 care
                 to
                 those
                 Counsellors
                 we
                 have
                 been
                 speaking
                 of
                 .
                 The
                 three
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 sit
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 Quarantia
                 participates
                 with
                 the
                 Signory
                 ,
                 having
                 three
                 Counsellors
                 joined
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 Signory
                 may
                 partake
                 of
                 the
                 Quarantia
                 ,
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 sitting
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 the
                 Signory
                 comes
                 to
                 intermeddle
                 with
                 the
                 business
                 of
                 the
                 Quarantia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Quarantia
                 with
                 the
                 affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Signory
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 to
                 acquaint
                 the
                 Reader
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Dukes
                 management
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 he
                 with
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 intervenes
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 College
                 ,
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 already
                 signified
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 also
                 present
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 power
                 of
                 propounding
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 Councils
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 no
                 affairs
                 can
                 be
                 cannot
                 treated
                 of
                 without
                 his
                 presence
                 ,
                 though
                 alone
                 he
                 cannot
                 dispatch
                 any
                 business
                 .
                 Public
                 Letters
                 are
                 written
                 in
                 his
                 name
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 all
                 Privileges
                 and
                 publick
                 Writings
                 ,
                 as
                 though
                 he
                 were
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 All
                 Letters
                 that
                 come
                 from
                 Forein
                 Princes
                 and
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 Agents
                 sent
                 abroad
                 by
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 are
                 directed
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 or
                 Sea
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Magistrates
                 write
                 Letters
                 to
                 their
                 Proveditors
                 ,
                 they
                 subscribe
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 Dukes
                 name
                 thus
                 ,
                 
                   Dominicus
                   Contarenus
                   Dux
                   Venetiarum
                
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 mode
                 is
                 observed
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 sorts
                 or
                 public
                 Writings
                 ,
                 as
                 Patents
                 ,
                 Privileges
                 ,
                 Obligations
                 ,
                 Laws
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 varies
                 this
                 form
                 and
                 subscribes
                 in
                 two
                 manners
                 ,
                 for
                 either
                 the
                 whole
                 Council
                 writes
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 subscribe
                 
                   Dominicus
                   Contarenus
                   Dux
                   Venetiarum
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                   cum
                   nostro
                   Concilio
                   Decem
                
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 
                 that
                 answer
                 superscribe
                 accordingly
                 .
                 Or
                 only
                 the
                 Heads
                 or
                 Chiefs
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Dieci
                
                 ,
                 write
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Subscription
                 is
                 ,
                 
                   Dominicus
                   Contarenus
                   Dux
                   Venetiarum
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                   cum
                   Copitibus
                   Concilii
                   Decem.
                
                 And
                 those
                 that
                 return
                 answer
                 superscribe
                 accordingly
                 .
                 Every
                 eighth
                 day
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 on
                 Wednesday
                 weekly
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 go
                 down
                 and
                 visit
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 making
                 a
                 tour
                 round
                 the
                 two
                 Corridores
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 sit
                 ,
                 stopping
                 a
                 while
                 at
                 each
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 stirring
                 up
                 and
                 encouraging
                 the
                 Judge
                 or
                 Magistrate
                 that
                 presides
                 there
                 to
                 administer
                 Justice
                 impartially
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 one
                 that
                 thinks
                 he
                 hath
                 not
                 right
                 done
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 recommends
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 acquainting
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 cause
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Duke
                 judges
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 injured
                 by
                 false
                 judgment
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 commands
                 that
                 Magistrate
                 or
                 Judge
                 to
                 do
                 him
                 right
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 the
                 contrary
                 appears
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 reproves
                 him
                 that
                 thought
                 himself
                 agrieved
                 ,
                 and
                 goes
                 on
                 in
                 his
                 Visitation
                 .
                 Some
                 Dukes
                 have
                 changed
                 this
                 order
                 ,
                 not
                 visiting
                 always
                 on
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 come
                 upon
                 the
                 Mgistrates
                 unexpected
                 .
                 Multitude
                 of
                 business
                 sometimes
                 constrains
                 the
                 Duke
                 to
                 intermit
                 this
                 usage
                 for
                 a
                 week
                 or
                 two
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 money
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 is
                 also
                 stamped
                 with
                 the
                 Dukes
                 name
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 with
                 his
                 face
                 or
                 image
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 enabled
                 (
                 saith
                 my
                 Authour
                 )
                 to
                 maintain
                 his
                 port
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 with
                 that
                 magnificence
                 such
                 a
                 place
                 requires
                 ,
                 he
                 hath
                 an
                 allowance
                 from
                 the
                 Public
                 of
                 3500
                 Ducats
                 
                   per
                   annum
                
                 ;
                 a
                 sorry
                 Revenue
                 for
                 one
                 that
                 hath
                 the
                 shew
                 and
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 being
                 less
                 than
                 so
                 many
                 French
                 Crowns
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 he
                 is
                 obliged
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 Family
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 honourable
                 and
                 suitable
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Dignity
                 ;
                 and
                 moreover
                 to
                 make
                 4
                 Feasts
                 yearly
                 at
                 4
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 viz.
                 upon
                 St.
                 
                 Stephen's
                 day
                 ,
                 St.
                 
                 Mark
                 's
                 day
                 ,
                 Ascension
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 St.
                 
                 Vit's
                 day
                 :
                 to
                 which
                 Feasts
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 custom
                 tō
                 invite
                 all
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 ages
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 
                 first
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 ,
                 are
                 invited
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 greatest
                 age
                 and
                 gravity
                 :
                 to
                 the
                 second
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 younger
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 the
                 third
                 and
                 fourth
                 still
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 younger
                 and
                 younger
                 :
                 besides
                 which
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 bound
                 also
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 every
                 Gentleman
                 that
                 comes
                 to
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 a
                 Present
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 formely
                 5
                 wild
                 Ducks
                 :
                 but
                 now
                 adays
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 money
                 coined
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ;
                 upon
                 one
                 side
                 whereof
                 is
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 St.
                 Mark
                 reaching
                 out
                 a
                 Standard
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 year
                 current
                 of
                 his
                 Dukeship
                 ,
                 on
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 
                   Dominici
                   Contareni
                   Venetiarum
                   Principis
                   munus
                
                 ,
                 Anno
                 IV.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Council
                 of
                 TEN
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 a
                 member
                 of
                 great
                 importance
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 rather
                 accessary
                 or
                 adjunctive
                 then
                 principal
                 ,
                 and
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 much
                 to
                 resemble
                 the
                 Dictator
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 created
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 great
                 and
                 imminent
                 danger
                 ;
                 only
                 differs
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 is
                 never
                 without
                 this
                 Magistracy
                 .
                 The
                 Authority
                 thereof
                 is
                 equal
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 may
                 meddle
                 with
                 and
                 transact
                 any
                 State-affairs
                 as
                 it
                 pleases
                 ,
                 without
                 appeal
                 ,
                 or
                 being
                 accountable
                 to
                 any
                 Superior
                 Power
                 .
                 Though
                 this
                 power
                 be
                 not
                 used
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 except
                 only
                 in
                 cases
                 of
                 greatest
                 importance
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 cannot
                 otherwise
                 be
                 remedied
                 or
                 provided
                 for
                 :
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 about
                 making
                 War
                 ,
                 concluding
                 a
                 Peace
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 negotiation
                 secretly
                 ,
                 to
                 send
                 a
                 Proveditor
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 speedily
                 :
                 which
                 things
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 first
                 treated
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 College
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 debated
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 managed
                 and
                 transacted
                 with
                 that
                 secresie
                 ,
                 expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 cirumstances
                 as
                 the
                 time
                 and
                 conjuncture
                 
                 of
                 affairs
                 requires
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 College
                 then
                 intends
                 to
                 manage
                 any
                 business
                 secretly
                 ;
                 as
                 suppose
                 to
                 conclude
                 an
                 agreement
                 with
                 any
                 Prince
                 or
                 State
                 ,
                 to
                 attempt
                 any
                 thing
                 on
                 their
                 enemies
                 ,
                 or
                 begin
                 any
                 new
                 enterprise
                 or
                 design
                 ,
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 secret
                 till
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 execution
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 cuase
                 Letters
                 to
                 be
                 written
                 to
                 such
                 Agents
                 or
                 other
                 persons
                 as
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 employed
                 in
                 that
                 business
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Inscription
                 ,
                 
                   Dominicus
                   Contarenus
                   Dux
                   Venetiarum
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                   cum
                   Concilio
                   nostro
                   Decem
                
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 superscribe
                 their
                 answers
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 :
                 and
                 their
                 Letters
                 are
                 received
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 ,
                 who
                 bring
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 College
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 three
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Savi
                   di
                   mare
                
                 are
                 excluded
                 :
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 business
                 ,
                 and
                 debate
                 it
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 is
                 needful
                 ;
                 yet
                 not
                 they
                 alone
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 call
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten.
                 Besides
                 at
                 such
                 consultations
                 are
                 present
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Grand
                 Savi
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 the
                 Giunta
                 which
                 consists
                 of
                 fifteen
                 ,
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 and
                 nine
                 of
                 the
                 Procurators
                 .
                 *
                 But
                 all
                 these
                 have
                 not
                 power
                 of
                 giving
                 suffrages
                 but
                 only
                 those
                 ten
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 X
                 ,
                 the
                 Giunta
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 six
                 Counsellors
                 .
                 The
                 Aggregate
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 united
                 with
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 X
                 is
                 called
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 X
                 with
                 the
                 Giunta
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 convened
                 but
                 on
                 weighty
                 occasions
                 ,
                 to
                 debate
                 and
                 manage
                 great
                 affairs
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 appertain
                 to
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 affairs
                 might
                 be
                 treated
                 of
                 and
                 dispatched
                 by
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 respects
                 aforesaid
                 are
                 undertaken
                 by
                 this
                 Council
                 .
                 The
                 Council
                 of
                 X
                 was
                 erected
                 some
                 say
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 
                   Vitale
                   Michaeli
                
                 ,
                 to
                 punish
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 plotted
                 treason
                 against
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Others
                 say
                 it
                 had
                 its
                 beginning
                 
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   Pietro
                   Gradenigo
                
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 its
                 Authority
                 was
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 its
                 reputation
                 encreased
                 .
                 It
                 punishes
                 besides
                 such
                 as
                 practice
                 Treason
                 or
                 conspire
                 against
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 coin
                 counterfeit
                 monys
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 commit
                 sins
                 against
                 Nature
                 ,
                 as
                 Sodomy
                 and
                 bestiality
                 .
                 It
                 also
                 disposes
                 of
                 certain
                 moneys
                 which
                 are
                 assigned
                 to
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 Chamberlains
                 and
                 other
                 Officers
                 :
                 it
                 hath
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 certain
                 Galleys
                 in
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 marked
                 with
                 these
                 two
                 letters
                 ,
                 C
                 and
                 X
                 ,
                 signifying
                 that
                 such
                 Vessels
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 .
                 It
                 also
                 takes
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Artillery
                 .
                 When
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 of
                 ,
                 then
                 only
                 those
                 Ten
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 X
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 and
                 Counsellors
                 are
                 assembled
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 called
                 absolutely
                 and
                 simply
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 X.
                 The
                 ten
                 of
                 this
                 Council
                 are
                 chosen
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 like
                 the
                 other
                 Magistrates
                 for
                 one
                 year
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 taken
                 by
                 lot
                 every
                 month
                 three
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 called
                 the
                 Heads
                 or
                 Chiefs
                 of
                 the
                 ten
                 [
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Dieci
                
                 ]
                 and
                 of
                 these
                 one
                 presides
                 every
                 week
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 he
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council-chamber
                 takes
                 place
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Duke
                 .
                 The
                 office
                 of
                 these
                 is
                 to
                 convoke
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 X
                 ,
                 and
                 propound
                 their
                 opinions
                 therein
                 ;
                 yet
                 not
                 singly
                 but
                 all
                 three
                 together
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 two
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 are
                 obliged
                 to
                 call
                 the
                 Council
                 every
                 8
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 oftner
                 if
                 occasion
                 require
                 .
                 Anciently
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 determinate
                 time
                 for
                 assembling
                 this
                 Council
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 every
                 time
                 it
                 was
                 convened
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 moved
                 and
                 troubled
                 ,
                 as
                 judging
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 great
                 reason
                 ;
                 therefore
                 to
                 avoid
                 and
                 prevent
                 such
                 disturbance
                 and
                 disquiet
                 of
                 mens
                 minds
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 time
                 determined
                 for
                 its
                 meeting
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 pass
                 sentence
                 upon
                 any
                 offender
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 for
                 the
                 forementioned
                 crimes
                 ,
                 he
                 cannot
                 either
                 by
                 himself
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 person
                 plead
                 his
                 cause
                 or
                 defend
                 himself
                 but
                 appears
                 before
                 the
                 Council
                 and
                 is
                 examined
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 are
                 notes
                 taken
                 of
                 all
                 he
                 
                 saith
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 
                   Capi
                   di
                   Dieci
                
                 bring
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 cause
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 either
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 must
                 undertake
                 his
                 defence
                 and
                 plead
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 he
                 cannot
                 be
                 defended
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 Sentence
                 of
                 this
                 Council
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 appeal
                 ,
                 neither
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 reversed
                 or
                 changed
                 but
                 by
                 themselves
                 or
                 successors
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 matter
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 is
                 capable
                 of
                 change
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 this
                 Council
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 office
                 may
                 presently
                 enter
                 upon
                 another
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 these
                 places
                 ,
                 the
                 Grand
                 Savi
                 ,
                 the
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 and
                 Savi
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 the
                 ten
                 of
                 this
                 Council
                 ,
                 the
                 Auvogadors
                 and
                 Censors
                 give
                 no
                 impediment
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ;
                 but
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 a
                 Gentleman
                 hath
                 finished
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Offices
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 enter
                 upon
                 another
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 happens
                 that
                 any
                 one
                 while
                 he
                 is
                 exercising
                 a
                 lesser
                 Magistracy
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 a
                 greater
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 if
                 he
                 pleases
                 relinquish
                 the
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 the
                 greater
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Procurators
                 of
                 St.
                 MARK
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Office
                 of
                 Procurator
                 is
                 of
                 great
                 reputation
                 in
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 Though
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 which
                 have
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 the
                 administration
                 and
                 government
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 :
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 honourable
                 ,
                 because
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ,
                 it
                 continues
                 for
                 life
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 besides
                 ancient
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 maintained
                 its
                 Reputation
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 times
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 never
                 any
                 Gentleman
                 of
                 great
                 esteem
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 was
                 adorned
                 with
                 this
                 Dignity
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 very
                 few
                 have
                 been
                 Dukes
                 since
                 this
                 Magistracy
                 was
                 ordained
                 but
                 they
                 have
                 before
                 been
                 Procurators
                 .
                 Anciently
                 there
                 was
                 but
                 one
                 Procurator
                 made
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
                 Mark
                 and
                 its
                 treasure
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 
                   Sebastian
                   Ciani
                
                 ,
                 he
                 having
                 left
                 a
                 great
                 Legacy
                 to
                 St.
                 Marks
                 ,
                 the
                 Revenues
                 whereof
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 distributed
                 by
                 the
                 Procurator
                 ;
                 one
                 person
                 not
                 sufficing
                 for
                 so
                 much
                 business
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 found
                 necessary
                 
                 to
                 create
                 another
                 ;
                 whose
                 charge
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 to
                 superintend
                 and
                 manage
                 the
                 Legacy
                 of
                 
                   Sebastian
                   Ciani
                
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Legacies
                 being
                 multiplied
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1270.
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   Rinieri
                   Zeno
                
                 ,
                 a
                 third
                 was
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 created
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 did
                 so
                 divide
                 the
                 business
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 took
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 another
                 of
                 the
                 Legacies
                 bequeathed
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 dwelt
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 the
                 great
                 Chanel
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 of
                 their
                 Legacies
                 who
                 dwelt
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Chanel
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 Dukes
                 time
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 fourth
                 created
                 to
                 be
                 Collegue
                 with
                 him
                 that
                 governed
                 the
                 Church
                 and
                 its
                 Treasures
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 reason
                 two
                 more
                 were
                 added
                 when
                 
                   John
                   Soranzo
                
                 was
                 Duke
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1423.
                 when
                 
                   Francis
                   Foscaro
                
                 was
                 made
                 Duke
                 there
                 were
                 three
                 more
                 created
                 anew
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 then
                 the
                 whole
                 number
                 was
                 nine
                 ;
                 three
                 of
                 whom
                 took
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 and
                 its
                 Treasures
                 ;
                 three
                 of
                 the
                 Legacies
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Sestieri
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 the
                 great
                 Chanel
                 ;
                 and
                 three
                 of
                 the
                 Legacies
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Sestieri
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 year
                 1509.
                 when
                 the
                 Republics
                 Armies
                 were
                 broken
                 and
                 routed
                 at
                 Addua
                 by
                 
                   Lewis
                   XII
                
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 constrained
                 to
                 create
                 six
                 for
                 mony
                 ,
                 conferring
                 that
                 honour
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 would
                 lend
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 such
                 a
                 certain
                 sum
                 .
                 These
                 Procurators
                 have
                 power
                 to
                 compel
                 Heirs
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 Wills
                 of
                 the
                 Testators
                 .
                 They
                 wear
                 Ducal
                 habits
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 servants
                 about
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 have
                 the
                 precedence
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Magistrates
                 .
                 In
                 processons
                 the
                 Counsellors
                 and
                 three
                 
                   Capi
                   de
                   Quaranta
                
                 take
                 place
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 either
                 an
                 habitation
                 assigned
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 60
                 Ducats
                 
                   per
                   annum
                
                 allowed
                 .
                 They
                 all
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 all
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 Ten
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 nine
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 said
                 Council
                 ,
                 three
                 for
                 a
                 Procuracy
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 capable
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 except
                 that
                 of
                 
                   Savio
                   grande
                
                 and
                 the
                 Giunta
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 X.
                 When
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Armata
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Proveditor
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 to
                 be
                 
                 chosen
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Law
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Pregadi
                 ,
                 that
                 any
                 one
                 that
                 is
                 Procurator
                 may
                 obtain
                 that
                 Dignity
                 .
                 They
                 cannot
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 ;
                 which
                 license
                 is
                 then
                 granted
                 them
                 by
                 an
                 especial
                 Law.
                 They
                 were
                 wont
                 anciently
                 upon
                 all
                 those
                 days
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 met
                 ,
                 during
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 the
                 Council
                 sate
                 ,
                 to
                 continue
                 in
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 to
                 depart
                 thence
                 till
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 was
                 risen
                 ;
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 unexpected
                 or
                 suddain
                 accident
                 should
                 happen
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 remedy
                 or
                 assist
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 perchance
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 forbidden
                 them
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 our
                 time
                 this
                 usance
                 is
                 not
                 observed
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 that
                 quiet
                 and
                 tranquility
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 enjoys
                 :
                 Which
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 man
                 thinks
                 there
                 can
                 any
                 accident
                 happen
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 which
                 shall
                 require
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Procurators
                 more
                 is
                 one
                 place
                 than
                 in
                 another
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Magistracy
                 or
                 Dignity
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 much
                 desired
                 by
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 as
                 this
                 of
                 Procurator
                 :
                 Yet
                 I
                 think
                 that
                 it
                 hath
                 lost
                 much
                 of
                 its
                 ancient
                 reputation
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 formerly
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 granted
                 to
                 any
                 but
                 ancient
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 repute
                 ;
                 in
                 our
                 times
                 we
                 have
                 seen
                 many
                 adorned
                 therewith
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 neither
                 of
                 mature
                 age
                 ,
                 nor
                 great
                 esteem
                 and
                 credit
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 other
                 Officers
                 and
                 Magistrates
                 (
                 whereof
                 this
                 Republic
                 hath
                 good
                 store
                 )
                 I
                 shall
                 say
                 nothing
                 ,
                 they
                 belonging
                 rather
                 to
                 the
                 administration
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 particular
                 civil
                 affairs
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Only
                 it
                 is
                 worth
                 the
                 notice
                 taking
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 so
                 many
                 Offices
                 divided
                 among
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 to
                 busie
                 and
                 employ
                 the
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 having
                 something
                 to
                 entertain
                 their
                 time
                 with
                 ,
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 at
                 leisure
                 to
                 think
                 upon
                 innovating
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 way
                 design
                 and
                 practice
                 against
                 the
                 constitution
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 disturbance
                 of
                 the
                 peace
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Gentlemen
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 wear
                 black
                 Gowns
                 with
                 narrow
                 sleeves
                 ,
                 and
                 caps
                 ;
                 without
                 which
                 habit
                 they
                 never
                 appear
                 in
                 the
                 streets
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 public
                 place
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Piazza
                 of
                 S.
                 Mark
                 ,
                 that
                 side
                 next
                 the
                 Great
                 Council-chamber
                 is
                 appropriated
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 walk
                 in
                 ,
                 where
                 no
                 others
                 mingle
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 walk
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 the
                 company
                 of
                 Gentlemen
                 walking
                 together
                 there
                 ;
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 Broil
                 [
                 Broglio
                 .
                 ]
                 The
                 principal
                 diversion
                 of
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 ,
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 Strangers
                 is
                 to
                 walk
                 in
                 this
                 Piazza
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 present
                 Citizens
                 of
                 what
                 quality
                 or
                 estate
                 soever
                 have
                 no
                 share
                 or
                 interest
                 at
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 Govrernment
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Probable
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Creat
                 Council
                 was
                 shut
                 up
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 phrase
                 it
                 )
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 determined
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Families
                 excluding
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 any
                 quality
                 were
                 therein
                 comprehended
                 ;
                 because
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Government
                 having
                 been
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 likely
                 the
                 present
                 establishment
                 would
                 have
                 taken
                 place
                 without
                 commotion
                 and
                 disturbance
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 considerable
                 number
                 of
                 Citizens
                 of
                 fashion
                 and
                 interest
                 left
                 out
                 .
                 Formerly
                 this
                 honour
                 hath
                 been
                 given
                 to
                 many
                 Citizens
                 of
                 eminent
                 merit
                 .
                 Lately
                 since
                 the
                 Wars
                 with
                 the
                 Turks
                 in
                 Candy
                 for
                 100000
                 Ducats
                 any
                 Citizen
                 might
                 be
                 created
                 Nobleman
                 ▪
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 State
                 raised
                 millions
                 of
                 Ducats
                 there
                 having
                 been
                 more
                 then
                 fourscore
                 Families
                 advanced
                 to
                 that
                 Dignity
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 put
                 not
                 weapons
                 into
                 the
                 Citizens
                 hands
                 ,
                 but
                 chuse
                 rather
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 mercenary
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 their
                 Wars
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 Law
                 that
                 prohibits
                 any
                 Citizen
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 to
                 any
                 place
                 or
                 Office
                 by
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 ,
                 nor
                 doth
                 there
                 need
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 sure
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 cosen
                 as
                 though
                 there
                 were
                 such
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 the
                 interest
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 being
                 as
                 strong
                 a
                 bar
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 choice
                 as
                 Law
                 would
                 be
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 Gianotti
                 saith
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 some
                 have
                 attained
                 to
                 be
                 nominated
                 and
                 balloted
                 in
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 air
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 is
                 held
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 good
                 and
                 healthful
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 )
                 agreeable
                 to
                 people
                 of
                 all
                 countreys
                 and
                 tempers
                 .
                 We
                 never
                 enjoyed
                 our
                 health
                 better
                 ,
                 nor
                 had
                 better
                 stomachs
                 to
                 our
                 meat
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 beyond
                 the
                 Seas
                 then
                 we
                 had
                 heer
                 .
              
               
                 Heer
                 we
                 first
                 saw
                 the
                 Ludicrum
                 ,
                 called
                 by
                 some
                 
                   Diabolus
                   in
                   carc●re
                
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 little
                 hollow
                 glass-image
                 made
                 like
                 the
                 Picture
                 of
                 the
                 Devil
                 (
                 though
                 a
                 glass-bubble
                 would
                 serve
                 the
                 purpose
                 as
                 well
                 or
                 better
                 )
                 which
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 cylindrical
                 glass-tube
                 full
                 of
                 water
                 they
                 could
                 make
                 ascend
                 ,
                 descend
                 or
                 rest
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 tube
                 at
                 pleasure
                 .
                 The
                 manner
                 thus
                 ,
                 They
                 prepare
                 an
                 icuncula
                 or
                 glass-bubble
                 hollow
                 and
                 having
                 in
                 the
                 heavier
                 end
                 of
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 hole
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 poise
                 as
                 just
                 to
                 ascend
                 and
                 swim
                 in
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 glass-tube
                 stopt
                 close
                 or
                 sealed
                 at
                 one
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 full
                 of
                 water
                 ,
                 they
                 clap
                 their
                 hand
                 on
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 tube
                 ,
                 and
                 press
                 down
                 the
                 air
                 upon
                 the
                 superficies
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 .
                 The
                 water
                 being
                 thus
                 prest
                 ,
                 presses
                 upon
                 the
                 air
                 in
                 the
                 icuncula
                 or
                 bubble
                 ;
                 which
                 giving
                 place
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 thrusts
                 into
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 little
                 hole
                 .
                 The
                 bubble
                 thereupon
                 becoming
                 heavier
                 sinks
                 in
                 the
                 water
                 .
                 Then
                 taking
                 up
                 the
                 hand
                 and
                 removing
                 the
                 force
                 ,
                 the
                 air
                 in
                 the
                 icuncula
                 or
                 bubble
                 by
                 its
                 elastic
                 power
                 expands
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 expelling
                 the
                 water
                 again
                 ,
                 the
                 icuncula
                 or
                 bubble
                 ascends
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 proportioning
                 the
                 force
                 they
                 can
                 make
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 ascend
                 and
                 descend
                 from
                 top
                 to
                 bottom
                 ,
                 but
                 rest
                 at
                 what
                 point
                 of
                 height
                 or
                 depth
                 they
                 please
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 and
                 other
                 ludicrous
                 experiments
                 concerning
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 these
                 bubbles
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 think
                 much
                 heer
                 to
                 set
                 down
                 what
                 Doctor
                 Cornelius
                 of
                 Naples
                 hath
                 delivered
                 in
                 his
                 
                   Progymnasmata
                   Physica
                
                 ,
                 Epist
                 .
                 de
                 
                   Circumpulsione
                   Platonica
                
                 I
                 was
                 (
                 saith
                 he
                 )
                 informed
                 by
                 
                   Lud.
                   Casalius
                
                 of
                 an
                 experiment
                 
                 invented
                 at
                 
                   Florence
                   ,
                   viz.
                
                 Two
                 glass-bubbles
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 vessel
                 of
                 water
                 were
                 so
                 alternately
                 moved
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 cold
                 water
                 the
                 one
                 sank
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 swam
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 ;
                 but
                 putting
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 hot
                 water
                 they
                 changed
                 places
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ascending
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 top
                 sinking
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 .
                 Being
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 novity
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 I
                 applyed
                 my
                 mind
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 Physical
                 reson
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 soon
                 found
                 out
                 how
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 effected
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Glass-bubbles
                 was
                 perforated
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 hole
                 on
                 the
                 heavier
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 blown
                 so
                 light
                 as
                 to
                 swim
                 in
                 water
                 :
                 then
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 being
                 suckt
                 out
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 so
                 much
                 water
                 let
                 in
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 thereof
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 bubble
                 sink
                 in
                 cold
                 water
                 ,
                 which
                 upon
                 filling
                 the
                 Vessel
                 with
                 hot
                 water
                 would
                 mount
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 air
                 in
                 the
                 bubble
                 being
                 rarefied
                 or
                 dilated
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 water
                 presently
                 expells
                 the
                 water
                 contained
                 in
                 the
                 bubble
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 bubble
                 becoming
                 lighter
                 ascends
                 ,
                 The
                 other
                 glass-bubble
                 is
                 imperforate
                 and
                 made
                 of
                 that
                 poise
                 as
                 to
                 swim
                 in
                 cold
                 water
                 and
                 sink
                 in
                 hot
                 .
                 He
                 goes
                 on
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           Sed
                           cùm
                           in
                           ejusmodi
                           ludicris
                           inventis
                           occuparemur
                           ,
                           rumor
                           ad
                           aures
                           nostras
                           perfertur
                           ,
                           versari
                           in
                           manibus
                           viri
                           cujusdam
                           ingeniosi
                           admirabile
                           artificium
                           ,
                           nempe
                           vitreum
                           tubum
                           aquâ
                           plenum
                           ,
                           in
                           quae
                           plures
                           orbiculi
                           vitrei
                           sursum
                           deorsumque
                           ferebantur
                           ad
                           nutum
                           ejus
                           qui
                           tubi
                           ostium
                           digito
                           obturabat
                           .
                           Tum
                           eò
                           cogita●ionem
                           intendi
                           ,
                           ut
                           qua
                           rationeid
                           fieri
                           posset
                           assequerer
                           :
                           neque
                           diu
                           haesitaveram
                           ,
                           cùm
                           intellexi
                           orbiculos
                           illos
                           esse
                           aliquanto
                           levioures
                           aqua
                           ,
                           &
                           foramina
                           habere
                           ,
                           per
                           qua
                           digiti
                           pressu
                           aqua
                           intruderetur
                           ;
                           aere
                           intus
                           contento
                           in
                           minus
                           spatium
                           coacto
                           ;
                           ut
                           proinde
                           orbiculi
                           graviores
                           facti
                           fundum
                           peterent
                           :
                           at
                           mox
                           digito
                           laxato
                           dum
                           aer
                           sese
                           iterum
                           ad
                           debitam
                           expansionem
                           redigeret
                           ,
                           aquam
                           per
                           foramen
                           extrudi
                           ;
                           atque
                           idcirco
                           orbiculos
                           levioures
                           factos
                           iterum
                           sursum
                           adsurgere
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         Quibus
                         animadversis
                         memoria
                         mihi
                         suggesit
                         ea
                         ,
                         quae
                         aliàs
                         meditatus
                         eram
                         de
                         impulsu
                         aquae
                         in
                         cavum
                         orbis
                         
                         infra
                         illam
                         demersi
                         ,
                         cujus
                         supra
                         facta
                         est
                         mentio
                         ,
                         Quamobrem
                         existimavi
                         posse
                         orbiculos
                         perforatos
                         sursum
                         vel
                         deorsum
                         ferri
                         ,
                         &
                         in
                         medio
                         libratos
                         detineri
                         ,
                         absque
                         ulla
                         caloris
                         aut
                         frigoris
                         vi
                         :
                         Item
                         sine
                         ullo
                         digiti
                         manúsve
                         pressu
                         ;
                         sed
                         tantùm
                         impulsu
                         ipsius
                         aquae
                         ,
                         quae
                         modò
                         majorem
                         modò
                         minorem
                         altitudinem
                         supra
                         dictos
                         orbiculos
                         assequeretur
                         ,
                         hoc
                         scilicet
                         modo
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         At
                         verò
                         positis
                         globulis
                         ,
                         ut
                         ferè
                         semper
                         contingit
                         ,
                         aliquo
                         gravitatis
                         excessu
                         sese
                         superantibus
                         ,
                         tunc
                         poterimus
                         multiformi
                         ter
                         illos
                         movere
                         ;
                         namque
                         alter
                         pessum
                         ibit
                         dum
                         reliqui
                         sursum
                         feruntur
                         ;
                         item
                         alius
                         quovis
                         in
                         loco
                         quasi
                         libratus
                         pendebit
                         ;
                         si
                         scilicet
                         organum
                         tantundem
                         inclinemus
                         ,
                         quantum
                         ad
                         opus
                         requiri
                         experientiâ
                         didicerimus
                         .
                      
                       
                         Ratio
                         cur
                         haec
                         ità
                         contingant
                         manifesta
                         est
                         ex
                         iis
                         ,
                         quae
                         jam
                         exposuimus
                         de
                         aqua
                         ,
                         quae
                         in
                         orbiculos
                         eò
                         ●
                         opiosiùs
                         intruditur
                         ,
                         quo
                         fuerit
                         altior
                         ,
                         ut
                         accidit
                         cùm
                         tubus
                         AB
                         ad
                         horizontis
                         planum
                         erectum
                         fuerit
                         ,
                         nam
                         ex
                         inclinatione
                         ipsius
                         tubi
                         aquae
                         altitudo
                         decrescit
                         ac
                         proinde
                         ejus
                         vis
                         seu
                         conatus
                         fit
                         minor
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         Structuram
                         vitrei
                         tubi
                         usus
                         docebit
                         :
                         Id
                         curandum
                         est
                         petissimùm
                         ,
                         ut
                         ejusdem
                         crura
                         AB
                         ,
                         DB
                         quodammodo
                         parallela
                         sint
                         ;
                         altitudo
                         autem
                         BA
                         altitudini
                         BD
                         tripla
                         vel
                         quadrupla
                         .
                         Tubus
                         aequalem
                         ubique
                         habeat
                         amplitudinem
                         ,
                         vel
                         in
                         crure
                         BA
                         ,
                         sit
                         aliquanto
                         amplior
                         quàm
                         in
                         crure
                         BD.
                         
                      
                       
                         Orbiculi
                         eâ
                         parte
                         quae
                         pertusa
                         est
                         praeponderent
                         ,
                         ut
                         dum
                         in
                         aqua
                         librantur
                         foramina
                         deorsum
                         vergant
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 A
                 Nobleman
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 shewed
                 us
                 a
                 Boy
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 faculty
                 of
                 charging
                 his
                 belly
                 with
                 wind
                 ,
                 and
                 discharging
                 it
                 again
                 backward
                 at
                 pleasure
                 ;
                 which
                 we
                 saw
                 him
                 perform
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 charged
                 himself
                 he
                 lay
                 upon
                 his
                 hands
                 and
                 knees
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 his
                 head
                 on
                 the
                 ground
                 almost
                 between
                 his
                 legs
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Nobleman
                 shewed
                 us
                 the
                 experiment
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 us
                 the
                 receipt
                 of
                 a
                 fulminating
                 powder
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 do
                 almost
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 that
                 chargeable
                 one
                 made
                 of
                 gold
                 .
                 Take
                 of
                 salt
                 of
                 Tartar
                 one
                 part
                 ,
                 of
                 common
                 Brimstone
                 two
                 parts
                 ,
                 of
                 Nitre
                 or
                 Salt-peter
                 three
                 parts
                 ;
                 put
                 these
                 three
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 into
                 a
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 beat
                 them
                 fine
                 and
                 mingle
                 them
                 well
                 together
                 .
                 Take
                 of
                 this
                 powder
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 on
                 a
                 plate
                 of
                 iron
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 a
                 fire-pan
                 or
                 other
                 vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 hold
                 it
                 over
                 a
                 flame
                 of
                 fire
                 or
                 a
                 pan
                 of
                 charcoal
                 :
                 When
                 the
                 powder
                 begins
                 to
                 melt
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 explode
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 smart
                 crack
                 like
                 to
                 
                   Aurum
                   fulminans
                
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 fulminating
                 powder
                 hath
                 been
                 since
                 shewn
                 us
                 by
                 Mr.
                 Fisher
                 of
                 Sheffield
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 unlikely
                 that
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 powder
                 made
                 ,
                 which
                 shall
                 explode
                 and
                 fulminate
                 after
                 this
                 fashion
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 Gentleman
                 also
                 shew'd
                 us
                 the
                 whole
                 process
                 of
                 making
                 Venice-Sope
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 like
                 and
                 nothing
                 inferiour
                 to
                 Castile-Sope
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Oil
                 Olive
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 lixivium
                 or
                 Lye.
                 The
                 lixivium
                 is
                 thus
                 made
                 .
                 They
                 take
                 of
                 the
                 ashes
                 of
                 Kali
                 ,
                 made
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 England
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 Beriglia
                 ,
                 two
                 thirds
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Kelp
                   ,
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 the
                 ashes
                 of
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Sea-wrack
                 one
                 third
                 .
                 These
                 they
                 
                 break
                 into
                 small
                 pieces
                 with
                 a
                 mallet
                 or
                 hammer
                 ,
                 and
                 mingle
                 well
                 together
                 .
                 This
                 done
                 they
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 mill
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 we
                 grind
                 apples
                 in
                 to
                 make
                 Cider
                 ,
                 and
                 grind
                 them
                 to
                 powder
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sift
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 powder
                 they
                 mingle
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 slaked
                 lime
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 up
                 into
                 pellets
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 put
                 into
                 letches
                 or
                 troughs
                 ,
                 and
                 pouring
                 water
                 upon
                 them
                 make
                 the
                 Lixivium
                 .
                 The
                 Cauldrons
                 wherein
                 they
                 boil
                 their
                 Sope
                 are
                 very
                 large
                 .
                 The
                 bottom
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 a
                 copper
                 vessel
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 sides
                 are
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 stone
                 close
                 cemented
                 together
                 ,
                 bound
                 about
                 with
                 iron
                 hoops
                 ,
                 and
                 enclosed
                 in
                 a
                 case
                 of
                 Wood.
                 Into
                 these
                 Cauldrons
                 they
                 put
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Oil
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 one
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 measure
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 :
                 then
                 they
                 fill
                 them
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 lixivium
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 fire
                 under
                 it
                 ,
                 cause
                 it
                 to
                 boil
                 continually
                 ;
                 as
                 the
                 lixivium
                 boils
                 away
                 still
                 filling
                 it
                 up
                 with
                 new
                 ,
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 oil
                 be
                 consumed
                 or
                 boiled
                 out
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 oil
                 uniting
                 it self
                 with
                 the
                 salt
                 of
                 the
                 lixivium
                 rises
                 continually
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 in
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 scum
                 or
                 froth
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 degrees
                 grows
                 thicker
                 and
                 thicker
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 cold
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 condenses
                 into
                 that
                 body
                 we
                 call
                 Sope.
                 This
                 scum
                 continues
                 to
                 rise
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 oil
                 remaining
                 in
                 the
                 vessels
                 ;
                 the
                 cremor
                 or
                 coat
                 of
                 Sope
                 growing
                 still
                 thicker
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 practised
                 can
                 tell
                 by
                 the
                 smell
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 oil
                 is
                 boiled
                 away
                 .
                 The
                 lixivium
                 they
                 account
                 strong
                 enough
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 it
                 will
                 bear
                 an
                 egg
                 .
                 This
                 lixivium
                 they
                 make
                 of
                 Sea
                 water
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 told
                 us
                 they
                 might
                 as
                 well
                 make
                 it
                 of
                 fresh
                 water
                 .
                 To
                 expedite
                 the
                 making
                 the
                 lixivium
                 ,
                 they
                 take
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 boiling
                 lixivium
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cauldrons
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 purpose
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 pipe
                 comes
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cauldron
                 in
                 the
                 region
                 of
                 the
                 lixivium
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 let
                 out
                 the
                 boiling
                 lixivium
                 into
                 a
                 trough
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 together
                 with
                 cold
                 water
                 they
                 pour
                 upon
                 the
                 ashes
                 to
                 promote
                 the
                 separation
                 of
                 the
                 salt
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 oil
                 is
                 boil'd
                 away
                 they
                 let
                 all
                 cool
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 the
                 cremor
                 or
                 crust
                 
                 of
                 Sope
                 off
                 the
                 superficies
                 of
                 the
                 liquor
                 ,
                 spread
                 it
                 upon
                 a
                 floor
                 ,
                 and
                 smooth
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 let
                 it
                 dry
                 in
                 a
                 bed
                 of
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 bricks
                 thickness
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 is
                 dried
                 they
                 cut
                 it
                 long
                 ways
                 and
                 cross
                 ways
                 into
                 oblong
                 parallelograms
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 oblong
                 bricks
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 nicks
                 in
                 the
                 borders
                 of
                 the
                 beds
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 direct
                 the
                 instruments
                 to
                 cut
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 done
                 they
                 pare
                 these
                 pieces
                 from
                 any
                 impurities
                 that
                 may
                 adhere
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 bed
                 ,
                 (
                 For
                 the
                 beds
                 are
                 all
                 strowed
                 with
                 Lime-dust
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 sticking
                 of
                 the
                 Sope
                 to
                 the
                 floor
                 )
                 and
                 run
                 them
                 over
                 a
                 plane
                 ,
                 to
                 smooth
                 them
                 .
                 These
                 large
                 pieces
                 they
                 subdivide
                 into
                 lesser
                 ,
                 and
                 seal
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Seal
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 reason
                 why
                 they
                 mix
                 Kelp
                 with
                 the
                 Beriglia
                 ,
                 is
                 because
                 Beriglia
                 alone
                 would
                 make
                 the
                 Sope
                 too
                 soft
                 ,
                 and
                 Kelp
                 alone
                 too
                 brittle
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 colour
                 the
                 Sope
                 green
                 they
                 take
                 the
                 juyce
                 of
                 Beet
                 ,
                 a
                 good
                 quantity
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Cauldron
                 with
                 the
                 lixivium
                 and
                 oyl
                 .
                 The
                 Germans
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 thus
                 coloured
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 the
                 Nitre
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 this
                 juyce
                 may
                 add
                 some
                 vigour
                 to
                 the
                 Sope.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 fire
                 is
                 continually
                 kept
                 burning
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 liquor
                 boiling
                 till
                 the
                 operation
                 be
                 finished
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               PADUA
               .
            
             
               
                 PAdua
                 [
                 Patavium
              
               ]
               watered
               by
               the
               Rivers
               Brenta
               and
               Bacchilio
               ,
               is
               an
               ancient
               City
               ,
               supposed
               to
               be
               built
               by
               Antenor
               after
               the
               taking
               of
               Troy
               by
               the
               Grecians
               .
               That
               Antenor
               came
               into
               these
               parts
               Livy
               (
               who
               was
               native
               of
               this
               City
               )
               witnesseth
               in
               the
               very
               beginning
               of
               his
               History
               ,
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 Jam
                 primum
                 omnium
                 satìs
                 constat
                 ,
                 Trojâ
                 captâ
                 in
                 caeteros
                 saevitum
                 esse
                 Trojanos
                 ,
                 duobus
                 Aeneâ
                 Antanoréque
                 ,
                 &
                 vetusti
                 jure
                 hospitii
                 ,
                 &
                 quia
                 pacis
                 reddendaeque
                 Helenae
                 semper
                 auctores
                 fuerant
                 ,
                 omne
                 jus
                 belli
                 Achivos
                 abstinuisse
                 .
                 Casibus
                 deinde
                 variis
                 Antenorem
                 cum
                 multitudine
                 Henetûm
                 ,
                 qui
                 seditione
                 ex
                 Paphlagonia
                 pulsi
                 &
                 sedes
                 &
                 Ducem
                 ,
                 Rege
                 Pylaemene
                 ad
                 Trojam
                 amisso
                 ,
                 quaerebant
                 ,
                 venisse
                 in
                 intimum
                 maris
                 Adriatici
                 sinum
                 ,
                 Euganeísque
                 ,
                 qui
                 inter
                 mare
                 Alpesque
                 incolebant
                 ,
                 pulsis
                 ,
                 Henetos
                 Trojanósque
                 eas
                 tenuisse
                 terras
                 .
              
               And
               that
               he
               founded
               
                 Padua
                 Virgil
              
               saith
               expresly
               ,
               Aen.
               1.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   Antenor
                   potuit
                   mediis
                   elapsus
                   Achivis
                
                 
                   Illyricos
                   penetrare
                   sinus
                   ,
                   atque
                   intima
                   tutus
                
                 
                   Regna
                   Liburnorum
                   &
                   fontem
                   superare
                   Timavi
                   ;
                
                 
                   Vnde
                   perora
                   novem
                   vasto
                   cum
                   murmure
                   montis
                
                 
                   It
                   mare
                   praeruptum
                   ,
                   &
                   pelago
                   premit
                   arva
                   sonanti
                   .
                
                 
                   Hîc
                   tamen
                   ille
                   urbem
                   Pàtavî
                   ,
                   sedésque
                   locavit
                
                 
                   Te●crorum
                   ,
                   &
                   genti
                   nomen
                   dedit
                   ,
                   armáque
                   fixit
                   .
                
              
               And
               Martial
               uses
               this
               compellation
               to
               
                 Valerius
                 Flaccus
              
               the
               Poet
               ,
               a
               
                 Paduan
                 ,
                 Antenoreispes
                 &
                 alumne
                 laris
                 .
              
               And
               yet
               some
               there
               be
               who
               will
               have
               Altinum
               to
               be
               the
               City
               of
               Antenor
               ,
               and
               Padua
               to
               have
               
               been
               built
               by
               one
               Patavius
               ,
               a
               King
               of
               the
               Veneti
               .
            
             
               It
               was
               celebrated
               of
               old
               time
               for
               the
               chastity
               of
               its
               women
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               of
               
                 Maritial
                 ,
                 Vda
                 puella
                 legas
                 sis
                 Patavina
                 licet
                 .
              
               After
               the
               decay
               of
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               it
               was
               ruined
               and
               destroyed
               by
               Attila
               ;
               restored
               again
               by
               Narses
               ;
               then
               sackt
               and
               burnt
               by
               the
               Lombards
               ;
               and
               after
               various
               successes
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Emperor
               Otho
               I.
               it
               obtained
               its
               liberty
               ,
               and
               was
               governed
               as
               a
               Commonwealth
               by
               its
               own
               Magistrates
               ;
               till
               first
               Ezzellinus
               the
               tyrant
               ,
               and
               not
               long
               after
               him
               the
               Carraresi
               made
               themselves
               Lords
               of
               it
               ;
               from
               whom
               the
               Venetians
               extorted
               it
               in
               the
               year
               1405.
               though
               they
               pretend
               that
               the
               Padunas
               voluntarlly
               delivered
               themselves
               up
               to
               them
               .
               It
               is
               enclosed
               with
               two
               walls
               :
               the
               interior
               (
               called
               Antenors
               wall
               ,
               though
               of
               a
               far
               later
               make
               )
               is
               about
               three
               miles
               in
               circuit
               .
               The
               exterior
               of
               great
               strength
               with
               bastions
               and
               other
               fortifications
               and
               deep
               trench
               before
               it
               for
               the
               most
               part
               filled
               with
               water
               ,
               about
               6
               miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               built
               by
               the
               Venetians
               when
               
                 Leonardo
                 Loredano
              
               was
               Duke
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               League
               of
               Cambray
               ,
               when
               the
               Pope
               ,
               the
               Emperor
               ,
               the
               Kings
               of
               France
               and
               Spain
               ,
               the
               Dukes
               of
               Mantua
               and
               Ferrara
               joyned
               themselves
               together
               against
               the
               Venetians
               ;
               as
               appears
               by
               this
               Inscription
               over
               the
               Gate
               of
               All-Saints
               .
            
             
               Hanc
               antiquissimam
               urbem
               literarum
               omnium
               Asylum
               ,
               cujus
               agrum
               fertilitatis
               sumen
               natura
               esse
               voluit
               ,
               Aute●or
               condidit
               :
               Senatus
               autem
               Venetus
               his
               belli
               propugnaculis
               ornavit
               ,
               Leonardo
               Lauredano
               Duce
               Venetorum
               invictissimo
               ,
               enjus
               Principatus
               varias
               fortunae
               vices
               excepiens
               quàm
               gloriosè
               superavit
               .
            
             
               It
               was
               stoutly
               defended
               by
               the
               Venetians
               against
               the
               Emperor
               Maximilian
               besieging
               of
               it
               with
               an
               
               Army
               of
               80000
               men
               ,
               Anno
               1610.
               
               Though
               it
               be
               large
               in
               compass
               ,
               yet
               is
               it
               neither
               rich
               nor
               populous
               ;
               the
               number
               of
               the
               inhabitants
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               largest
               reckoning
               ,
               amounting
               to
               no
               more
               then
               38000
               souls
               ,
               which
               I
               believe
               exceeds
               the
               just
               sum
               at
               least
               10000.
               
            
             
               The
               territory
               of
               this
               City
               is
               a
               large
               plain
               or
               level
               and
               the
               Soil
               very
               rich
               and
               fertile
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               is
               come
               to
               be
               a
               Proverb
               ;
               *
               
                 Bononia
                 la
                 grassa
                 ,
                 ma
                 Padoa
                 la
                 passa
                 ,
                 &
                 Venetia
                 la
                 guasta
                 .
              
               Their
               bread
               is
               esteemed
               as
               good
               as
               it
               is
               cheap
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               other
               Proverb
               ,
               
                 Pan
                 Padoano
                 ,
                 Vin
                 Vicentino
                 ,
                 Trippe
                 Trevisane
                 &
                 Putana
                 Venetiana
                 .
              
               Bread
               of
               Padua
               ,
               Wine
               of
               Vicenza
               ,
               Tripes
               of
               Treviso
               ,
               and
               Courtesans
               of
               Venice
               are
               the
               best
               in
               their
               kinds
               .
               No
               Wood
               is
               permitted
               to
               be
               planted
               for
               the
               space
               of
               one
               mile
               from
               the
               wall
               round
               about
               ;
               that
               in
               case
               it
               should
               be
               besieged
               in
               a
               time
               of
               War
               ,
               the
               Enemy
               might
               find
               no
               shelter
               among
               the
               trees
               :
               and
               this
               is
               called
               the
               Wast
               ,
               and
               is
               reserved
               only
               for
               corn
               .
               There
               are
               very
               few
               Medows
               or
               Pastures
               near
               the
               Town
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               that
               Milk
               is
               dear
               heer
               .
               They
               make
               bread
               for
               the
               poor
               of
               Mayz
               or
               Indian
               Wheat
               (
               which
               they
               call
               formentone
               )
               and
               Sorgum
               ,
               whereof
               they
               plant
               good
               store
               heerabout
               .
               The
               most
               considerable
               buildings
               in
               the
               City
               are
               1.
               
               The
               Town-hall
               ,
               256
               feet
               long
               ,
               and
               86
               feet
               wide
               ,
               according
               to
               Schottus
               ;
               by
               some
               thought
               to
               be
               the
               largest
               room
               in
               Europe
               ,
               but
               we
               judged
               it
               to
               be
               less
               then
               Westminster-Hall
               ;
               underneath
               it
               are
               Shops
               ,
               so
               that
               you
               ascend
               many
               steps
               to
               go
               into
               it
               ;
               it
               is
               called
               
                 Palazzo
                 della
                 Ragione
              
               ,
               because
               the
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               are
               held
               there
               .
               2.
               
               The
               publick
               Schools
               .
               3.
               
               The
               Chruch
               of
               St.
               Antony
               ,
               called
               the
               Santo
               4.
               
               The
               Chruch
               of
               S.
               Justina
               with
               the
               Benedictine
               Cloyster
               .
               5.
               
               The
               Palace
               of
               the
               Arena
               or
               Amphitheater
               6.
               
               The
               Castle
               of
               the
               Magazines
               of
               Corn
               and
               Ammunition
               .
               7.
               
               The
               Bridge
               called
               
                 Ponte
                 molino
              
               ,
               where
               there
               are
               about
               30
               water
               mills
               
               together
               ,
               upon
               the
               River
               Brenta
               .
               8.
               
               The
               Palace
               called
               the
               Court
               of
               the
               
                 Capitaneo
                 .
                 9.
              
               
               Antenor's
               Tomb
               ,
               as
               they
               would
               have
               us
               believe
               .
               The
               particular
               descriptions
               of
               all
               which
               places
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               Schottus
               and
               others
               .
               Near
               the
               Domo
               we
               observed
               a
               fair
               building
               called
               
                 Mons
                 pietatis
              
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               a
               great
               bank
               or
               stock
               of
               money
               ,
               some
               say
               40000
               crowns
               ,
               for
               the
               use
               of
               poor
               men
               ,
               who
               bringing
               a
               pawn
               and
               depositing
               it
               heer
               may
               have
               mony
               to
               the
               value
               of
               it
               ,
               without
               any
               interest
               if
               it
               be
               a
               small
               sum
               ,
               if
               a
               considerable
               sum
               ,
               then
               they
               are
               to
               pay
               for
               it
               five
               
                 per
                 cent
              
               .
               which
               serves
               to
               defray
               the
               charges
               of
               Clerks
               and
               other
               Ministers
               and
               Attendants
               ,
               &c.
               and
               if
               there
               be
               any
               surplusage
               ,
               it
               is
               divided
               yearly
               among
               the
               Poor
               ,
               the
               stock
               still
               remaining
               entire
               .
               The
               like
               charitable
               foundations
               we
               observed
               in
               many
               other
               Cities
               of
               Italy
               ,
               and
               I
               could
               wish
               there
               were
               of
               them
               among
               us
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               is
               most
               famous
               for
               its
               University
               ,
               founded
               by
               the
               Emperour
               Frederic
               the
               II.
               Anno
               1220.
               for
               a
               full
               History
               whereof
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               to
               Thomasinus
               his
               
                 Gymnasium
                 Patavinum
              
               .
               I
               shall
               only
               add
               the
               
                 Series
                 Lectionum
              
               ,
               whereby
               may
               be
               seen
               what
               Professors
               there
               were
               in
               each
               faculty
               at
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               there
               ,
               and
               what
               Books
               they
               were
               to
               read
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       In
                       Nomine
                       Domini
                       nostri
                       Jesu
                       Christi
                       Amen
                       .
                    
                     
                       GEnerale
                       ,
                       ac
                       novum
                       principium
                       Interpretationum
                       nobilissimae
                       ,
                       ac
                       florentissimae
                       Academiae
                       DD.
                       Artistarum
                       Patavini
                       Gymnasii
                       ,
                       anni
                       praesentis
                       1663.
                       
                       &
                       1664.
                       feliciter
                       incipiet
                       die
                       3
                       Novembris
                       ,
                       sub
                       felicibus
                       auspiciis
                       Illustrissimorum
                       ,
                       &
                       Excellentissimor
                       .
                       DD.
                       
                         Michaelis
                         Mauroceni
                      
                       pro
                       Sereniss
                       .
                       Repub.
                       Veneta
                       Praetoris
                       ,
                       &
                       
                         Simeonis
                         Contareni
                      
                       Praefecti
                       Patavii
                       ,
                       necnon
                       Illustriss
                       .
                       ac
                       Generosissimi
                       D.
                       
                         Joannis
                         Georgii
                         Noesleri
                      
                       Nob.
                       Norisbergensis
                       Pro-Rectoris
                       ,
                       &
                       Syndici
                       dignissimi
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Aggredientur
                         Infrascripti
                         DD.
                         Explicando
                         Infrascripta
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Theologiam
                           in
                           Via
                           S.
                           Thomae
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           M.
                           Michael
                           Archangelus
                           Rivetta
                           Casalensis
                           Leg.
                           Tertium
                           Lib.
                           Mag
                           Sententiarum
                           hora
                           tertia
                           matutina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Theologiam
                           in
                           Via
                           Scoti
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           M.
                           Matthaeus
                           Ferchius
                           Vegliensis
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Sacrae
                           Scripturae
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           Leo
                           Matina
                           Monachus
                           Cassinensis
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Metaphysicam
                           in
                           Via
                           S
                           Thomae
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           M.
                           Jo.
                           Dominicus
                           Pusterla
                           Mediolanensis
                           Leg.
                           Septimum
                           Metaphysicorum
                           hora
                           secunda
                           matutina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Metaphysicam
                           in
                           Via
                           Scoti
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           M.
                           Antonius
                           Cotonius
                           Nicosiensis
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Theoricam
                           ordinariam
                           Medicinae
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Antonius
                           Molinettus
                           Venetus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Prosper
                           Todeschius
                           à
                           Castiglione
                           Florentino
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           Aphorismos
                           Hippocratis
                           hora
                           prima
                           matutina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                         
                           Ad
                           Practicam
                           ordinariam
                           Medicinae
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exe.
                           D.
                           Raymundus
                           Jo.
                           Fortis
                           Veronensis
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Jo.
                           Franciscus
                           Bonardus
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           de
                           Febribus
                           hora
                           prima
                           Promeridiana
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Philosophiam
                           ordinariam
                           .
                        
                         
                           Primus
                           locus
                           vacat
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           &
                           Ex.
                           D.
                           Anastasius
                           Galdiolus
                           Vic.
                           Abb.
                           Cassin
                           .
                           ac
                           Praes
                           .
                           Gener.
                           in
                           2
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           Octavum
                           Lib.
                           Physicorum
                           hora
                           secunda
                           Pomeridiana
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Anatomen
                           ordinariam
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Antonius
                           Molinettus
                           Venetus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Petrus
                           de
                           Marchettis
                           Patavinus
                           Eq.
                           D.
                           Marci
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           Administrabunt
                           Anatomen
                           die
                           ,
                           ac
                           tempore
                           debito
                           hora
                           3
                           matutina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Theoricam
                           extraordinariam
                           Medicinae
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Hieronymus
                           Sanctasophia
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Ermencgildus
                           Pera
                           Forojuliensis
                           ex
                           Portu
                           Buffoletto
                           in
                           2
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Hercules
                           Saxonia
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           tertio
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           Primam
                           Fen
                           Avicennae
                           in
                           pulsatione
                           Campanae
                           hora
                           prpomerid
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Practicam
                           extraordinariam
                           Medicinae
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Hieronymus
                           Frigimelica
                           Patavinus
                           Comes
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                        
                         
                           De
                           Pulsibus
                           ,
                           &
                           Vrinis
                           in
                           Xenodochio
                           diebus
                           vacantibus
                           .
                        
                         
                           Ex.
                           D.
                           Angelus
                           Montagnana
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Hilarius
                           Spinellus
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           tertio
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           de
                           Morbis
                           particularibus
                           à
                           corde
                           infra
                           hora
                           secunda
                           matutina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Philosophiam
                           extraordinarium
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Petrus
                           Franzanus
                           Vicentinus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           &
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Valerianus
                           Bonvicinus
                           Ver.
                           Canonicus
                           Estensis
                           in
                           2
                           loco
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           M.
                           Adrianus
                           à
                           Sancta
                           Juliana
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           tertio
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           primum
                           ,
                           &
                           secundum
                           Libr.
                           Physic
                           .
                           hora
                           prima
                           Vespertina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Philosophiae
                           Moralis
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           Joseph
                           Meraviglia
                           Clericus
                           Regularis
                           Mediolanensis
                           Leg.
                           tertium
                           &
                           quartum
                           Ethicor.
                           hora
                           prima
                           Pomeridiana
                           dieb
                           .
                           vac
                           .
                        
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Meteorian
                           ,
                           &
                           Parvorum
                           Naturalium
                           Arist
                           .
                           
                             Locus
                             vacat
                          
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Chirurgiae
                           ordinariam
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Dominicus
                           de
                           Marchettis
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Franciscus
                           Bosellus
                           Venetus
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           de
                           Tumoribus
                           praeter
                           naturam
                           hota
                           tertia
                           matutina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Simplicium
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Georgius
                           à
                           Turre
                           Patavinus
                           Interpretabitur
                           Lib.
                           VI.
                           Dioscoridis
                           ,
                           Ubi
                           de
                           Venenis
                           ,
                           &
                           Venenor
                           .
                           Curat
                           .
                           in
                           horto
                           incipiet
                           docere
                           die
                           2
                           Maii
                           hora
                           22.
                           
                           
                             Idem
                             ad
                             ostensionem
                             Simplicium
                          
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Theoricam
                           extraordinariam
                           diebus
                           vacantibus
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Alexander
                           Borromeus
                           Patavinus
                           Leg.
                           Artem
                           parvam
                           hora
                           2.
                           
                           Vespertina
                           diebus
                           vacantibus
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Tertii
                           Libri
                           Avicennae
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Sebastianus
                           Scarabiccius
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc
                           D.
                           Jo.
                           Pompilius
                           Scotus
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           de
                           Morbis
                           particularib
                           .
                           à
                           capite
                           usque
                           ad
                           cor
                           hora
                           prima
                           mat
                           .
                           dieb
                           .
                           vac
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Logicam
                           .
                        
                         
                           Primus
                           Locus
                           vacat
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Jacobus
                           Cadenedus
                           Scotus
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Albanius
                           Albanesius
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           tertio
                           loco
                           Leg.
                           secundum
                           Posteriorum
                           hora
                           prima
                           matutina
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Mathematicam
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           P.
                           D.
                           Stephanus
                           de
                           Angelis
                           Venetus
                           Leg.
                           tertium
                           Libr.
                           Euclidis
                           Elementorum
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Humanitatem
                           Graecam
                           &
                           Latinam
                           .
                        
                         
                           R.
                           &
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Octavius
                           Ferrarius
                           Mediolanansis
                           Leg.
                           Virgilium
                           ,
                           &
                           Theophrasti
                           Characteres
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Landus
                           Moneghina
                           Bidellus
                           Generalis
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         In
                         Christi
                         Nomine
                         Amen
                         .
                      
                       
                         ROtulus
                         Excellentissimorum
                         DD.
                         Legentium
                         in
                         Publico
                         Gymnasio
                         Patavino
                         ,
                         ad
                         infrascriptas
                         Lecturas
                         ,
                         quas
                         aggred
                         .
                         Die
                         3
                         Novembris
                         anni
                         instantis
                         1663.
                         
                         &
                         1664.
                         sub
                         felicibus
                         auspiciis
                         ▪
                         Illustrissimorum
                         ,
                         &
                         Excellentissimorum
                         DD.
                         
                           Michaelis
                           Mauroceni
                        
                         pro
                         Serenissimo
                         Dominio
                         Veneto
                         Praetoris
                         ,
                         &
                         
                           Simeonis
                           Contareni
                        
                         Praefecti
                         Patavii
                         ;
                         necnon
                         Illustrissimi
                         ,
                         &
                         Generosissimi
                         D.
                         Comitis
                         
                           Pauli
                           Bennassuti
                        
                         Vicentini
                         ,
                         Almae
                         Universitatis
                         DD.
                         Juristarum
                         Pro-Rectoris
                         ,
                         &
                         Syndici
                         Meritissimi
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Juris
                           Canonici
                           demane
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Jacobus
                           de
                           Sala
                           Canonicus
                           Pat.
                           &
                           Abbas
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Jo.
                           Antonius
                           de
                           Bonis
                           Canon
                           .
                           Estensis
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Ubertinus
                           Discaltius
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           tertio
                           loco
                           Explicabunt
                           Librum
                           primum
                           Decretalium
                           incipiendo
                           à
                           titulo
                           de
                           constitutionibus
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Juris
                           Canonici
                           de
                           sero
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Antonius
                           Paulutius
                           Ven.
                           Abbas
                           ,
                           &
                           Can.
                           Pat.
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Vincentius
                           Francisconus
                           Canonicus
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           2
                           loco
                           .
                           Rev.
                           &
                           Exc.
                           D.
                           Placidus
                           Frascata
                           Monacus
                           Cassinensis
                           in
                           tertio
                           loco
                           Exponent
                           Librum
                           quartum
                           Decretal
                           .
                           à
                           tit
                           .
                           primo
                           de
                           Sponsalib
                           .
                           &
                           Matrim
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Juris
                           Caesarei
                           de
                           mane
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Jo.
                           Michael
                           Pieruccius
                           Florentinus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Paulus
                           Dottus
                           de
                           Castro
                           Franco
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           Legent
                           primam
                           ff
                           .
                           Veteris
                           Partem
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Juris
                           Caesarei
                           de
                           sero
                           .
                        
                         
                           Mag.
                           &
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           &
                           Co.
                           D.
                           Jacobus
                           Caimus
                           Utinensis
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Antonius
                           Aloysius
                           Aldrighettus
                           Pat.
                           in
                           paritae
                           primi
                           loci
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Jo.
                           Franciscus
                           Savonarola
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           tertio
                           loco
                           Legent
                           primam
                           ff
                           .
                           Novi
                           Partem
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Criminalium
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Joannes
                           Galvanus
                           Patavinus
                           Exponet
                           Rub.
                           ff
                           .
                           ad
                           .
                           L.
                           Jul.
                           de
                           adult
                           .
                           &
                           subinde
                           alios
                           titulos
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Pandectarum
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Achilles
                           Bonfiglius
                           Patavinus
                           Prosequetur
                           explicationem
                           libri
                           primi
                           ff
                           .
                           Veteris
                           ,
                           &
                           incipiet
                           à
                           titulo
                           de
                           Adoptionibus
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Codicis
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Joannes
                           Capivaccaeus
                           Patavinus
                           Incipiet
                           à
                           titulo
                           de
                           pactis
                           ,
                           inde
                           ad
                           alios
                           titul
                           .
                           procedet
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Institutionum
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Joseph
                           Marchius
                           Appulus
                           in
                           primo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Nicolaus
                           Gagliardus
                           Tridentinus
                           in
                           secundo
                           loco
                           .
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Ludovicus
                           Justachinus
                           Patavinus
                           in
                           tertio
                           lcco
                           Explicabunt
                           materiam
                           ultimae
                           voluntatis
                           ,
                           &
                           incipient
                           à
                           tit
                           .
                           de
                           testamentis
                           ordinandis
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Feudorum
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Scipio
                           Gonnemius
                           Cyprius
                           Tractabit
                           hoc
                           anno
                           de
                           feudi
                           origine
                           ,
                           nomine
                           ,
                           causis
                           ,
                           seù
                           forma
                           ,
                           &
                           constitutione
                           ad
                           varios
                           feudal
                           .
                           libr.
                           tit
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Authenticorum
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Toldus
                           Bellini
                           Constini
                           Patavinus
                           Explicabit
                           authenticum
                           sive
                           Novellam
                           39.
                           de
                           Restitutionibus
                           ,
                           &
                           ea
                           q.
                           parit
                           in
                           11.
                           
                           Mense
                           post
                           Mortem
                           Viri
                           ,
                           Juncto
                           Authentico
                           108.
                           de
                           Restitutionibus
                           ,
                           &
                           159.
                           de
                           Restitutione
                           Fidei
                           commiss
                           .
                           &c.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           de
                           Regulis
                           Juris
                           .
                        
                         
                           Vacat
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Ad
                           Lecturam
                           Artis
                           Notariae
                           .
                        
                         
                           Exc.
                           I.
                           V.
                           D.
                           D.
                           Aloysius
                           Angeli
                           Patavinus
                           Legatorum
                           tractatum
                           prosequetur
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Stephnus
                           Giachelius
                        
                         Bidell
                         .
                         Gener.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               The
               Citizens
               and
               Strangers
               heer
               dare
               not
               stir
               abroad
               in
               the
               dark
               for
               fear
               of
               the
               Scholars
               and
               others
               ,
               who
               walk
               up
               and
               down
               the
               Streets
               most
               part
               of
               the
               night
               ,
               armed
               with
               Pistols
               and
               Carbines
               .
               If
               any
               one
               comes
               within
               hearing
               ,
               they
               cry
               
                 Che
                 va
                 li
              
               ?
               i.
               e.
               Who
               goes
               there
               ?
               and
               if
               they
               answer
               ,
               they
               bid
               them
               turn
               back
               ;
               which
               if
               they
               do
               not
               suddenly
               do
               ,
               they
               shoot
               at
               them
               .
               When
               two
               parties
               of
               these
               Scholars
               meet
               ,
               each
               man
               standing
               behind
               a
               pillar
               (
               for
               the
               streets
               have
               Portico's
               or
               Cloysters
               on
               each
               side
               )
               they
               shoot
               one
               at
               another
               .
               These
               
                 Martenalia
                 noctur●a
              
               as
               some
               call
               them
               ,
               or
               
                 Che
                 va
                 li's
              
               are
               thought
               to
               have
               had
               their
               original
               from
               the
               acidental
               meeting
               and
               quarrelling
               of
               some
               Scholars
               who
               went
               to
               the
               same
               Mistresses
               or
               Whores
               .
               A
               wonder
               it
               is
               to
               me
               that
               the
               Venetians
               will
               suffer
               such
               mis-rule
               .
            
             
               Heer
               is
               a
               publick
               Physick
               Garden
               ,
               well
               stored
               with
               Simples
               ,
               but
               more
               noted
               for
               its
               Prefects
               ,
               men
               eminent
               for
               their
               skill
               in
               Botanics
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Aloysius
                 Mundella
                 ,
                 Aloysius
                 Anguillara
                 ,
                 Melchior
                 Guilandinus
                 ,
                 Jacobus
                 Antonius
                 Cor●usus
                 ,
                 Prosper
                 Alpinus
                 ,
                 Joannes
                 Veslingius
                 .
              
               The
               Epitaph
               of
               which
               last
               ,
               being
               so
               considerable
               a
               person
               ,
               I
               shall
               heer
               exhibit
               to
               the
               Reader
               ,
               as
               I
               found
               it
               on
               his
               monument
               in
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               Antony
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Joanni
                       Veslingio
                       Mindano
                       ,
                       Equiti
                       .
                    
                     
                       Naturae
                       verique
                       scrutatori
                       solertissimo
                       ,
                       qui
                       sapientiae
                    
                     
                       Atque
                       exoticarum
                       stirpium
                       studio
                       Aegypto
                       peragratâ
                       .
                    
                     
                       Ab
                       Venet
                       Senatu
                       rei
                       herbariae
                    
                     
                       Et
                       corporum
                       Sectioni
                       praefectus
                       ,
                       eum
                       Latinitatis
                    
                     
                       Et
                       Graecae
                       eruditionis
                       cultum
                       multis
                       artibus
                       circumfudi●
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Vt
                       illîc
                       naturae
                       ludentis
                       pampam
                       aemularetur
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Hîc
                       spectaculi
                       diritatem
                       oratione
                       deliniret
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Vt
                       quantùm
                       oculi
                       paterentur
                       tantùm
                       sibi
                       placerent
                       aures
                       :
                    
                     
                       Ad.
                       extremum
                       laboribus
                       fractus
                       ,
                    
                     
                     
                       Dum
                       miserae
                       plebi
                       gratuitam
                       operam
                       commodat
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Noxio
                       contactu
                       publicae
                       saluti
                       vitam
                       impendit
                       .
                    
                     
                       XXX
                       Mensis
                       Aug.
                       An.
                       Chr.
                       MDCXLIX
                       .
                    
                     
                       Aet
                       .
                       LI.
                       
                    
                     
                       In
                       the
                       Dormitory
                       of
                       the
                       Cloyster
                       of
                       the
                       Dominican
                       Freres
                       we
                       saw
                       the
                       Cell
                       of
                       
                         Alberius
                         Magnus
                      
                       ,
                       over
                       the
                       door
                       of
                       which
                       were
                       inscribed
                       these
                       Monkish
                       Verses
                       .
                    
                     
                       Quam
                       legis
                       Alberto
                       Domus
                       haec
                       fuit
                       bospita
                       magno
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Parva
                       quidem
                       ,
                       haud
                       parvo
                       sed
                       tamen
                       ampla
                       viro.
                    
                     
                       Parvus
                       erat
                       subiit
                       parvae
                       eùm
                       limina
                       portae
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Magnus
                       at
                       exiguo
                       sub
                       lare
                       factus
                       erat
                       .
                    
                     
                       Senserat
                       hoc
                       dixitque
                       superba
                       Ratisbona
                       magnum
                    
                     
                       Hospitem
                       in
                       hospitio
                       dispare
                       Padua
                       colis
                       :
                    
                     
                       Archisacerdotis
                       mitram
                       magnósque
                       penates
                    
                     
                       Accipe
                       
                         Magne
                         ratis
                      
                       ,
                       sic
                       bona
                       navis
                       erit
                       .
                    
                     
                       Post
                       mojora
                       Deus
                       reserans
                       palatia
                       ,
                       Magne
                    
                     
                       Dixit
                       ,
                       habe
                       magni
                       magna
                       theatra
                       poli
                       .
                    
                     
                       Audiit
                       &
                       magni
                       propylaea
                       petivit
                       Olympi
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Nam
                       majore
                       capi
                       limine
                       magnus
                       habet
                       .
                    
                     
                       Deo
                       ter
                       maximo
                       numini
                       :
                    
                     
                       Alberto
                       ter
                       magno
                       lumini
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               Padua
               is
               governed
               by
               a
               Padestà
               or
               Maior
               ,
               who
               is
               chief
               in
               civil
               matters
               ;
               and
               a
               Capitaneo
               or
               Governour
               who
               is
               over
               the
               Military
               ;
               both
               elected
               and
               sent
               by
               the
               Venetians
               .
            
             
               From
               Padua
               we
               made
               a
               by-journey
               to
               Albano
               ,
               anciently
               Apo●a
               ,
               some
               5
               miles
               distant
               ,
               where
               we
               viewed
               the
               hot
               baths
               .
               The
               Springs
               arise
               in
               a
               rocky
               hillock
               ,
               consisting
               of
               a
               porous
               stone
               ,
               and
               are
               so
               plentiful
               that
               one
               of
               them
               drives
               an
               overshot
               mill
               .
               The
               water
               is
               so
               hot
               ,
               that
               in
               one
               of
               the
               sources
               ,
               the
               Countrey-people
               usually
               scald
               their
               hogs
               to
               get
               off
               the
               hair
               .
               It
               contains
               a
               copious
               white
               salt
               which
               shoots
               upon
               the
               earth
               where
               the
               water
               runs
               .
               This
               the
               common
               people
               heerabout
               gather
               ,
               and
               use
               with
               their
               meat
               ,
               which
               
               yet
               hath
               not
               the
               true
               tast
               of
               common
               falt
               ,
               but
               somewhat
               approaching
               to
               Nitre
               or
               Salt-armon●ac
               .
               Besides
               it
               is
               so
               impregnate
               with
               stone
               ,
               (
               which
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               salt
               it
               contains
               actuated
               by
               the
               heat
               ,
               it
               dissolves
               and
               imbibes
               in
               the
               stone
               quarries
               it
               passeth
               through
               )
               that
               it
               suddainly
               precipitates
               it
               on
               the
               bottoms
               and
               sides
               of
               the
               Chanels
               wherein
               it
               runs
               ,
               which
               become
               thereby
               as
               it
               were
               so
               many
               stone
               troughs
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               mill-wheel
               it
               drives
               ,
               which
               it
               so
               encrusts
               with
               a
               stone
               of
               a
               dark
               gray
               colour
               ,
               that
               every
               other
               month
               they
               are
               fain
               to
               peck
               it
               off
               .
               That
               the
               waters
               which
               petrifie
               *
               do
               by
               running
               through
               stone-quarries
               wash
               off
               small
               ramenta
               or
               particles
               ,
               and
               being
               in
               motion
               support
               them
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               stand
               or
               settle
               in
               any
               place
               let
               them
               fall
               again
               ,
               is
               more
               than
               probable
               ,
               by
               what
               we
               see
               in
               daily
               experience
               ,
               the
               hardest
               stones
               being
               worn
               and
               hollowed
               by
               a
               constant
               dropping
               of
               water
               upon
               them
               :
               much
               more
               will
               water
               be
               able
               to
               do
               this
               ,
               when
               impregnate
               with
               salt
               ,
               and
               that
               salt
               actuated
               by
               heat
               .
               The
               waters
               of
               Albano
               are
               not
               made
               use
               of
               to
               drink
               ,
               but
               only
               to
               bathe
               in
               ,
               as
               at
               
                 Aken
                 ,
                 Baden
              
               ,
               &c.
               though
               Schottus
               saith
               that
               they
               usually
               drink
               of
               one
               of
               the
               sources
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               to
               Vicenza
               ,
               a
               City
               less
               in
               circuit
               than
               Padua
               ,
               as
               being
               but
               4
               miles
               round
               ,
               but
               more
               populous
               ,
               containing
               between
               30
               and
               40
               thousand
               souls
               .
               It
               is
               encompassed
               with
               a
               Brick-wall
               ,
               but
               of
               no
               great
               strength
               .
               It
               stands
               upon
               the
               River
               Bacchilio
               ,
               and
               is
               also
               watered
               by
               the
               Rero
               or
               Eretenus
               ,
               beside
               two
               little
               Brooks
               called
               Astichello
               and
               Seriola
               .
               It
               is
               full
               of
               Nobility
               and
               Gentry
               ,
               being
               said
               to
               have
               200
               Families
               worth
               1500
               crowns
               
                 per
                 annum
              
               each
               ,
               and
               better
               .
               So
               that
               there
               is
               a
               Proverb
               in
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Quanti
                 ha
                 Venetia
                 de
                 Ponti
                 &
                 Gondalieri
                 ,
                 Tanti
                 ha
                 Vicenza
                 de
                 Conti
                 &
                 Cavalieri
                 .
              
            
             
               Of
               the
               several
               changes
               of
               Government
               which
               this
               City
               hath
               undergone
               I
               shall
               say
               nothing
               ,
               but
               for
               that
               refer
               the
               Reader
               to
               Schottus
               and
               Leander-Albertus
               :
               
               Only
               it
               is
               worth
               the
               notice
               taking
               ,
               that
               when
               they
               were
               set
               at
               liberty
               ,
               and
               absolved
               of
               their
               Oaths
               of
               Allegiance
               by
               Catharine
               relict
               of
               
                 Galeazzo
                 Visconte
              
               first
               Duke
               of
               Milan
               ,
               they
               did
               of
               their
               own
               accord
               deliver
               up
               themselves
               to
               the
               State
               of
               Venice
               ,
               for
               which
               reason
               they
               enjoy
               great
               privileges
               and
               immunities
               .
               The
               Theater
               of
               the
               Academy
               called
               the
               Olympici
               is
               a
               pretty
               building
               and
               deserves
               to
               be
               remembred
               .
               The
               Inhabitants
               of
               this
               City
               drive
               a
               great
               trade
               in
               breeding
               and
               feeding
               of
               Silk-worms
               ,
               and
               in
               winding
               ,
               twisting
               ,
               and
               dying
               of
               silk
               .
               The
               Wines
               of
               this
               Territory
               are
               very
               rich
               and
               gustful
               ,
               especially
               that
               sort
               called
               
                 Dolce
                 &
                 piccante
              
               .
            
             
               Hence
               we
               made
               an
               excursion
               of
               about
               6
               miles
               ,
               to
               see
               the
               famous
               Cave
               of
               Custoza
               ,
               said
               by
               some
               to
               be
               seven
               miles
               in
               length
               ;
               but
               more
               truly
               by
               
                 Jo.
                 Georgius
                 Trissinus
              
               (
               who
               himself
               measured
               it
               ,
               and
               gives
               an
               account
               of
               it
               in
               a
               Letter
               to
               
                 Leander
                 Albertus
              
               )
               no
               more
               then
               650
               perches
               ,
               which
               make
               about
               4000
               feet
               in
               length
               ,
               490
               perches
               or
               3000
               foot
               in
               breadth
               ,
               and
               about
               three
               miles
               in
               circuit
               .
               We
               took
               it
               to
               be
               nothing
               else
               but
               a
               Cave
               left
               from
               the
               digging
               of
               stone
               ;
               as
               the
               same
               Trissinus
               by
               sufficient
               arguments
               proves
               it
               to
               be
               .
               1.
               
               Because
               the
               ancient
               buildings
               of
               Padua
               and
               Vicenza
               are
               of
               the
               same
               kind
               of
               stone
               .
               2.
               
               Because
               to
               support
               the
               roof
               they
               have
               every
               where
               at
               distances
               sometimes
               greater
               ,
               sometimes
               less
               ,
               left
               huge
               pilasters
               of
               the
               quarry
               ,
               of
               3
               perches
               square
               apiece
               ;
               of
               which
               pilasters
               in
               the
               whole
               cave
               there
               are
               thought
               to
               be
               about
               1000.
               3.
               
               There
               are
               some
               great
               square
               pieces
               of
               stone
               cut
               round
               about
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               taking
               them
               up
               and
               carrying
               them
               away
               .
               4.
               
               There
               remain
               manifest
               prints
               and
               tracks
               of
               cart-wheels
               ;
               whereas
               no
               man
               living
               can
               remember
               that
               ever
               cart
               went
               in
               there
               .
            
             
               We
               observed
               many
               Bats
               clinging
               to
               the
               roof
               and
               walls
               of
               this
               Cave
               ;
               and
               in
               some
               standing
               waters
               a
               kind
               of
               fish
               or
               rather
               insect
               ,
               which
               they
               called
               
               
                 Squillae
                 Venetianae
              
               i.
               e.
               Venice-shrimps
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               of
               that
               sort
               which
               naturalists
               call
               
                 Pulices
                 marini
              
               or
               aquatici
               ,
               i.
               e.
               Sea-fleas
               or
               water-fleas
               .
            
             
               At
               this
               Village
               we
               saw
               the
               so
               much
               talked
               of
               Ventiduct
               belonging
               to
               one
               Tridentus
               a
               Nobleman
               of
               Vicenza
               ,
               serving
               to
               cool
               the
               rooms
               of
               his
               Palace
               in
               Summer
               time
               .
               From
               a
               large
               high-rooft
               subterraneous
               grot
               or
               cave
               there
               are
               Chanels
               cut
               out
               of
               the
               rock
               to
               the
               Palace
               .
               When
               they
               would
               have
               a
               cool
               air
               in
               any
               of
               the
               rooms
               ,
               they
               shut
               up
               a
               gate
               in
               the
               cave
               ,
               and
               open
               a
               door
               at
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Chanel
               ,
               which
               lets
               in
               the
               fresco
               ,
               every
               room
               having
               a
               hole
               in
               the
               wall
               or
               pavement
               to
               admit
               it
               .
               On
               a
               stone
               there
               is
               this
               inscription
               ,
               
                 Franciscus
                 Tridenteus
                 Vicentius
                 JCtus
                 Hierosolymitani
                 equitis
                 filius
                 gelidi
                 venti
                 flatum
                 in
                 caverna
              
               Cubola
               
                 vocatâ
                 spirantem
                 in
                 aedes
                 proprias
                 per
                 hanc
                 erypto-porticum
                 deduxit
                 ,
                 ad
                 temporandum
                 ardentes
                 &
                 aestivos
                 calores
                 ,
                 tum
                 cohibendo
                 tum
                 relaxando
                 ,
                 novo
                 atque
                 mirabili
                 artificio
                 per
                 cubicula
                 quaeque
                 ducendo
                 ,
                 quae
                 pro
                 libitu
                 suo
                 refrigerare
                 &
                 ealefacere
                 valet
                 :
                 ita
                 ut
                 ejus
                 Villa
                 ingenio
                 ,
                 diligentiâ
                 ,
                 impensâ
                 ac
                 aemulatione
                 ornatior
                 effecta
                 ,
                 inter
                 regia
                 ornamenta
                 connumerari
                 possit
                 :
              
               Anno
               MDLX
               ,
               Aetatis
               suae
               XXII
               .
            
             
               From
               Vicenza
               we
               journeyed
               to
               Verona
               ,
               a
               fair
               ,
               large
               ,
               populous
               City
               ,
               pleasantly
               situate
               upon
               the
               River
               Athesis
               ,
               which
               is
               heer
               of
               a
               great
               breadth
               ,
               over
               which
               there
               is
               one
               very
               fair
               stone-bridge
               esteemed
               the
               handsomest
               Bridge
               in
               Europe
               ,
               besides
               3
               others
               of
               less
               account
               .
               The
               City
               is
               7
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ,
               excluding
               the
               Suburbs
               ,
               which
               are
               very
               large
               too
               ;
               and
               thought
               to
               contain
               70000
               souls
               .
               It
               is
               strong
               by
               situation
               ,
               and
               extraordinarily
               fortified
               with
               walls
               ,
               bastions
               ,
               towers
               ,
               bulwarks
               ,
               and
               deep
               ditches
               full
               of
               water
               drawn
               from
               the
               River
               Athesis
               round
               about
               ,
               and
               strengthened
               with
               3
               Castles
               ;
               that
               of
               St.
               Peter
               ,
               that
               of
               St.
               Felix
               ,
               and
               so
               that
               it
               is
               lookt
               upon
               as
               impregnable
               .
               Heer
               we
               saw
               several
               Cabinets
               or
               Collections
               of
               natural
               and
               artificial
               rarities
               .
               
               1.
               
               That
               of
               Seignior
               
                 Mapheus
                 Cusanus
              
               an
               Apothecary
               ,
               wherein
               where
               shewn
               us
               many
               ancient
               Aegyptian
               Idols
               ,
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Mummies
               ,
               divers
               sorts
               of
               petrified
               shells
               ,
               petrified
               cheese
               ,
               cinnamon
               ,
               spunge
               and
               Mushromes
               .
               A
               Jasper
               stone
               and
               an
               Agate
               having
               crystal
               within
               them
               .
               Stones
               having
               upon
               them
               the
               perfect
               impression
               or
               signature
               of
               the
               ribs
               and
               whole
               spines
               of
               fishes
               .
               A
               Catapulta
               of
               brass
               found
               1656.
               about
               Trent
               .
               Several
               curious
               Entaglia's
               or
               stones
               engraved
               with
               figures
               of
               heads
               ,
               &c.
               
               An
               ancient
               Roman
               gold
               Ring
               .
               A
               good
               collection
               of
               ancient
               Roman
               Coins
               and
               Medals
               ,
               as
               well
               Consulary
               as
               Imperial
               ,
               besides
               modern
               medals
               .
               A
               stone
               called
               
                 Oculus
                 mundi
                 ,
                 n.
                 d.
              
               which
               when
               dry
               shews
               cloudy
               and
               opake
               ,
               but
               when
               put
               into
               water
               ,
               grows
               clear
               and
               transparent
               .
               An
               account
               of
               this
               stone
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               the
               
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Society
              
               ,
               brought
               in
               by
               Dr.
               Goddard
               .
               Among
               his
               Medals
               we
               observed
               a
               Maximinian
               and
               a
               Dioclesian
               ,
               with
               this
               on
               the
               reverse
               inscribed
               ,
               
                 Verona
                 Amphitheatrum
              
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               of
               Seignior
               Muscardo
               ,
               a
               Gentleman
               of
               Verona
               ,
               a
               civil
               and
               obliging
               person
               .
               He
               also
               hath
               a
               very
               good
               collection
               of
               ancient
               Roman
               medals
               ,
               among
               which
               he
               shew'd
               us
               an
               Otho
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               told
               us
               that
               those
               of
               brass
               were
               all
               counterfeit
               ,
               there
               having
               never
               been
               any
               found
               of
               that
               metal
               .
               Many
               sorts
               of
               lachrymal
               Urns
               and
               Lamps
               ,
               great
               variety
               of
               Shells
               and
               some
               fruits
               and
               parts
               of
               plants
               petrified
               .
               Several
               exotic
               fruits
               and
               seeds
               :
               the
               ores
               of
               metals
               and
               minerals
               :
               Gems
               and
               precious
               stones
               in
               their
               matrices
               as
               they
               grew
               :
               
                 Lapis
                 obsidianus
              
               and
               a
               kind
               of
               stone
               called
               Adar●e
               .
               But
               because
               there
               is
               a
               description
               of
               this
               Museum
               published
               in
               Italian
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               descend
               to
               more
               particulars
               ,
               but
               refer
               the
               Reader
               thither
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               Museum
               of
               Seignior
               
                 Mario
                 Sala
              
               an
               Apothecary
               ,
               containing
               only
               some
               reliques
               of
               Calceolarius
               his
               Museum
               ,
               printed
               many
               years
               ago
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Amphitheater
               of
               Verona
               ,
               called
               now
               the
               Arena
               ,
               is
               a
               very
               stately
               and
               capacious
               one
               ,
               and
               seem'd
               to
               me
               when
               it
               was
               entire
               not
               to
               have
               been
               much
               inferiour
               either
               for
               beauty
               or
               greatness
               to
               that
               of
               Titus
               at
               Rome
               .
               The
               outward
               wall
               or
               circle
               is
               all
               gone
               save
               a
               little
               piece
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               may
               make
               an
               estimate
               of
               the
               heighth
               and
               beauty
               of
               the
               whole
               .
               The
               remainder
               setting
               aside
               this
               exteriour
               circle
               is
               kept
               in
               good
               repair
               by
               the
               Veronese
               ;
               the
               Arena
               of
               it
               is
               34
               *
               pertiche
               long
               and
               22
               ½
               broad
               ,
               and
               compassed
               about
               by
               42
               rows
               of
               stone
               benches
               one
               above
               another
               ,
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               stairs
               ,
               upon
               which
               23000
               persons
               may
               sit
               commodiously
               .
               As
               it
               is
               imperfect
               it
               seemed
               to
               us
               one
               of
               the
               most
               pleasant
               and
               goodly
               spectacles
               for
               a
               structure
               of
               that
               nature
               that
               ever
               we
               beheld
               .
               He
               that
               desires
               a
               more
               full
               and
               particular
               description
               of
               it
               may
               consult
               Schottus
               ,
               and
               the
               Antiquities
               of
               Verona
               written
               by
               
                 Torellus
                 Saraina
              
               a
               Veronese
               ,
               as
               also
               Lipsius
               his
               Book
               
                 de
                 Amphitheatris
              
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               government
               and
               subjection
               this
               City
               underwent
               almost
               the
               same
               changes
               with
               Padua
               and
               Vicenza
               ,
               and
               did
               also
               voluntarily
               ,
               deliver
               it self
               up
               to
               the
               Venetian
               Government
               .
               Heer
               are
               very
               good
               white
               Wines
               ,
               especially
               that
               sort
               they
               call
               Garganico
               .
               The
               air
               is
               clear
               and
               healthful
               ,
               but
               must
               needs
               be
               sharp
               in
               Winter
               time
               ,
               being
               so
               near
               the
               high
               mountains
               :
               among
               which
               Baldus
               is
               famous
               for
               the
               great
               variety
               of
               choice
               simples
               growing
               thereon
               ,
               of
               which
               
                 Joan.
                 Pona
              
               an
               Apothecary
               of
               Verona
               hath
               written
               a
               particular
               Catalogue
               and
               description
               .
               Which
               Book
               and
               thereupon
               the
               Paduan
               herbarists
               making
               simpling
               voyages
               yearly
               thither
               hath
               gotten
               Baldus
               its
               reputation
               ,
               for
               I
               am
               very
               confident
               that
               many
               hills
               about
               the
               Alps
               produce
               as
               great
               variety
               and
               as
               choice
               plants
               as
               that
               .
            
             
               Not
               for
               from
               Verona
               is
               the
               
                 Lago
                 di
                 Garda
              
               anciently
               called
               
                 Lacus
                 Benacus
              
               ,
               which
               furnishes
               the
               City
               with
               plenty
               of
               excellent
               Fish
               ,
               especially
               trouts
               ,
               Sardinie
               ,
               
               and
               a
               sort
               of
               Fish
               of
               the
               Trout
               kind
               ,
               called
               Carpione
               ,
               peculiar
               to
               this
               lake
               .
               Those
               we
               saw
               were
               not
               a
               foot
               long
               ,
               of
               the
               fashion
               of
               Trout
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               from
               Verona
               to
               Mantua
               24
               miles
               ,
               
               by
               the
               way
               passing
               through
               some
               large
               Villages
               ,
               but
               no
               considerable
               Town
               .
               
               Six
               miles
               short
               of
               Mantua
               ,
               at
               a
               place
               called
               Marmirola
               ,
               we
               viewed
               an
               elegant
               palace
               of
               the
               Dukes
               ,
               richly
               furnished
               and
               adorned
               with
               pictures
               and
               statues
               .
               The
               City
               of
               Mantua
               is
               of
               great
               antiquity
               ,
               strong
               by
               situation
               ,
               as
               standing
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               a
               lake
               ,
               and
               well
               fortified
               .
               Schottus
               saith
               that
               it
               is
               4
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ,
               hath
               8
               gates
               ,
               and
               about
               50000
               souls
               .
               It
               seemed
               to
               us
               a
               great
               City
               ,
               but
               not
               answerably
               populous
               ,
               having
               not
               yet
               recovered
               it self
               of
               the
               losses
               it
               sustained
               when
               it
               was
               miserably
               sackt
               by
               the
               Emperor
               Ferdinand
               II.
               his
               Army
               in
               the
               year
               1630.
               
               A
               little
               out
               of
               the
               City
               stands
               a
               pretty
               house
               of
               the
               Dukes
               called
               
                 Palazzo
                 del
                 Te
              
               ,
               wherein
               there
               is
               a
               square
               room
               having
               the
               roof
               arched
               round
               in
               form
               of
               Cupola
               ,
               called
               the
               Giants-hall
               ,
               so
               contrived
               ,
               that
               if
               two
               stand
               in
               the
               opposite
               corners
               ,
               one
               laying
               his
               ear
               to
               the
               wall
               may
               hear
               what
               the
               other
               whispers
               with
               his
               face
               to
               the
               corner
               ,
               which
               he
               that
               stands
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               room
               or
               in
               the
               corner
               on
               the
               same
               side
               shall
               not
               .
               The
               like
               room
               we
               were
               told
               there
               is
               in
               the
               Duke
               of
               
               Parma's
               Palace
               at
               Caprarola
               .
               Our
               whispering
               place
               in
               the
               Cathedral
               Church
               of
               Glocester
               is
               of
               somewhat
               a
               different
               make
               .
               In
               a
               Village
               near
               Mantua
               called
               Ande
               ,
               now
               Petula
               ,
               was
               born
               the
               Prince
               of
               Latine
               Poets
               ,
               P.
               
                 Virgilius
                 Maro
              
               .
               In
               this
               City
               are
               two
               Societies
               of
               Virtuosi
               (
               Academies
               they
               call
               them
               )
               the
               one
               stile
               themselves
               Accesi
               ,
               the
               other
               Timidi
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               hath
               according
               to
               the
               fate
               of
               her
               neighbours
               undergone
               several
               changes
               of
               Government
               .
               In
               the
               year
               1328.
               
               
                 Lewis
                 Gonzaga
              
               by
               the
               favour
               of
               the
               people
               made
               himself
               Lord
               of
               it
               ,
               from
               whom
               the
               
               present
               Duke
               is
               descended
               .
               In
               the
               year
               1433.
               
               
                 John-Francis
                 Gonzaga
              
               was
               created
               Marquess
               of
               Manina
               ,
               by
               the
               Emperor
               Sigismund
               IV.
               In
               the
               year
               1530.
               
               
                 Frederic
                 Gonzaga
              
               was
               created
               Duke
               of
               Mantua
               by
               the
               Emperor
               
                 Charles
                 V.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Dukes
               yearly
               revenue
               is
               said
               to
               be
               400000
               crowns
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               account
               we
               had
               of
               it
               in
               particulars
               somewhat
               less
               ,
               viz.
               the
               mills
               pay
               4000
               crowns
               
                 per
                 annum
              
               .
               The
               Jews
               (
               who
               are
               about
               6000
               in
               number
               ,
               and
               wear
               no
               badge
               of
               distinction
               )
               give
               20000
               crowns
               
                 per
                 annum
              
               .
               The
               rest
               of
               the
               Citizens
               of
               Mantua
               70000
               crowns
               .
               The
               Countrey
               yields
               60000
               pistols
               ;
               and
               Montserrat
               13000
               ,
               in
               all
               386000
               crowns
               the
               year
               .
               Yet
               is
               the
               present
               Prince
               ,
               through
               ill
               husbandry
               not
               proportioning
               his
               expences
               to
               his
               income
               ,
               become
               very
               poor
               ,
               being
               indebted
               to
               the
               Venetians
               (
               as
               Leti
               saith
               )
               four
               millions
               of
               crowris
               .
               To
               advance
               his
               Revenue
               at
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               there
               he
               was
               put
               to
               that
               pitiful
               shift
               of
               debasing
               his
               coin
               ,
               so
               that
               none
               of
               his
               money
               would
               pass
               further
               then
               his
               own
               Territory
               .
               His
               name
               was
               
                 Carolus
                 Gonzaga
              
               II.
               since
               dead
               ,
               and
               his
               Son
               
                 Caroulus
                 Ferdinandus
              
               succeeds
               him
               in
               his
               estates
               .
               There
               are
               besides
               of
               this
               Family
               4
               or
               5
               small
               Princes
               ,
               feudatory
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               but
               Sovereign
               Lords
               having
               
                 Jura
                 Regalia
              
               in
               their
               petty
               States
               ,
               viz.
               The
               Princes
               of
               1.
               
               
                 Novellara
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Bozolo
              
               .
               3.
               
               Gustalla
               .
               4.
               
               Sabionetta
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               male
               line
               is
               failed
               .
               5.
               
               Castiglione
               .
               We
               were
               told
               that
               these
               Princelets
               were
               obliged
               to
               attend
               the
               Duke
               of
               
               Mantua's
               Court
               three
               months
               in
               the
               year
               .
               The
               Dukes
               Council
               of
               State
               or
               Privy
               Council
               consists
               only
               of
               six
               of
               the
               chief
               Nobility
               .
            
             
               In
               these
               parts
               all
               the
               children
               of
               the
               common
               people
               have
               equal
               shares
               of
               their
               Parents
               Estates
               ,
               at
               least
               their
               moveables
               .
               The
               wife
               when
               her
               husband
               dies
               carries
               her
               dowry
               back
               with
               her
               :
               if
               she
               dies
               first
               ,
               then
               her
               children
               (
               if
               she
               leaves
               any
               )
               divide
               her
               dower
               equally
               among
               them
               .
               If
               she
               die
               childless
               her
               dower
               
               is
               divided
               ,
               half
               goes
               to
               her
               husband
               ,
               and
               half
               to
               her
               next
               kindred
               .
               If
               a
               woman
               hath
               had
               children
               by
               one
               husband
               and
               he
               dying
               she
               marries
               again
               and
               hath
               children
               by
               her
               second
               husband
               ,
               her
               estate
               is
               divided
               into
               equal
               parts
               ,
               one
               moiety
               goes
               to
               her
               first
               husbands
               children
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               to
               her
               second
               's
               .
            
             
               We
               took
               boat
               for
               Ferrara
               ,
               which
               brought
               us
               first
               into
               the
               lake
               ,
               then
               into
               the
               chanel
               of
               the
               River
               Mincius
               ,
               [
               which
               runs
               out
               of
               the
               
                 Lago
                 di
                 Garda
              
               (
               called
               in
               
                 Latine
                 Lacus
                 Benacus
              
               )
               at
               a
               strong
               Fort
               of
               the
               Venetians
               called
               Peschiera
               ,
               and
               coming
               to
               Mantua
               spreads
               it self
               into
               a
               lake
               of
               5
               miles
               long
               .
               ]
               At
               16
               miles
               end
               we
               came
               to
               a
               Bridg
               and
               Sluce
               at
               a
               place
               called
               Governo
               ,
               where
               we
               entred
               the
               River
               Po
               ;
               going
               down
               stream
               we
               passed
               by
               Ostia
               10
               miles
               distant
               from
               Governo
               ;
               and
               10
               miles
               further
               down
               Massa
               ,
               both
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               ;
               and
               7
               miles
               below
               Massa
               came
               to
               Stellata
               ,
               a
               large
               Village
               on
               our
               right
               hand
               ,
               under
               the
               Pope
               .
               Heer
               the
               Territory
               of
               Mantua
               ended
               .
               Eight
               miles
               beyond
               this
               place
               we
               left
               the
               River
               Po
               at
               a
               Village
               called
               
                 Il
                 Ponte
              
               ,
               and
               struck
               up
               an
               artificial
               Chanel
               of
               4
               miles
               long
               ,
               which
               brought
               streight
               to
               the
               Gates
               of
               Ferrara
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               is
               very
               considerable
               as
               well
               for
               its
               greatness
               as
               its
               strength
               .
               It
               is
               said
               to
               be
               about
               7
               miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               and
               besides
               the
               advantage
               of
               its
               siruation
               in
               a
               fenny
               level
               it
               is
               strongly
               fortified
               with
               walls
               an
               bulwarks
               ,
               and
               surrounded
               with
               a
               broad
               and
               deep
               trench
               full
               of
               water
               ;
               so
               that
               I
               look
               upon
               it
               for
               a
               City
               of
               that
               bigness
               as
               the
               strongest
               in
               all
               Italy
               .
               It
               had
               formerly
               a
               Prince
               of
               its
               own
               ,
               but
               is
               now
               ,
               with
               all
               its
               territory
               ,
               subject
               to
               the
               Pope
               .
               From
               Ferrara
               we
               went
               with
               the
               Procaccio
               or
               Courrier
               to
               Bologna
               ,
               shifting
               our
               boat
               at
               a
               place
               called
               Mal-Albergo
               ,
               some
               17
               miles
               from
               Ferrara
               ,
               where
               we
               went
               up
               into
               a
               higher
               chanel
               ,
               viz.
               the
               
                 Rhenus
                 Bononiensis
              
               ,
               and
               passing
               through
               9
               locks
               or
               sostegni
               ,
               we
               arrived
               at
               Bologna
               ,
               distant
               by
               water
               from
               Ferrara
               45
               miles
               .
               
               A
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Countrey
               we
               passed
               through
               between
               Ferrara
               and
               Bologna
               .
               is
               a
               perfect
               level
               ,
               and
               fenny
               ground
               ,
               much
               like
               to
               the
               Isle
               of
               Ely
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               Bononia
               is
               a
               large
               City
               ,
               
               of
               a
               round
               figure
               ,
               and
               yet
               7
               or
               8
               miles
               in
               circuit
               .
               The
               houses
               not
               tall
               ,
               fair
               portico's
               on
               each
               side
               the
               streets
               ,
               convenient
               to
               walk
               in
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               Summer
               to
               defend
               one
               from
               the
               scorching
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               as
               in
               Winter
               to
               shelter
               form
               the
               rain
               .
               Many
               Gentlemens
               houses
               (
               palaces
               they
               call
               them
               )
               which
               make
               no
               great
               shew
               outwardly
               in
               the
               street
               ,
               but
               within
               are
               very
               handsome
               and
               very
               convenient
               ,
               having
               more
               in
               the
               recess
               then
               they
               promise
               in
               the
               front
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               is
               about
               80000
               souls
               .
               The
               Bologna
               sausages
               ,
               wash-balls
               ,
               and
               little
               dogs
               are
               much
               esteemed
               and
               talked
               of
               in
               all
               Italy
               and
               elsewhere
               .
               Heer
               is
               also
               a
               great
               silk
               trade
               driven
               ,
               and
               the
               best
               Engines
               for
               winding
               and
               twisting
               of
               it
               that
               we
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               .
               The
               University
               of
               Bologna
               is
               one
               of
               the
               most
               ancient
               and
               famous
               in
               Europe
               ,
               especially
               for
               the
               study
               of
               the
               Law.
               There
               is
               such
               a
               multitude
               of
               professors
               in
               all
               faculties
               ,
               that
               I
               am
               afraid
               few
               Readers
               will
               have
               the
               patience
               to
               run
               over
               the
               list
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               for
               the
               satisfaction
               of
               the
               curious
               I
               here
               exhibit
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       The
                       Series
                       Lectionum
                       of
                       the
                       University
                       of
                       the
                       Jurists
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Classes
                         Matutinae
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Primâ
                           hora
                           in
                           pulsu
                           Campanae
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Decret
                             .
                             extraord
                             .
                          
                           
                             Illustrissimus
                             D.
                             Rector
                             .
                             Vact.
                             
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Decret
                             .
                             ordin
                             .
                             Legant
                             de
                             Constitut
                             .
                             usque
                             ad
                             Tit.
                             de
                             off
                             .
                             Delegat
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Mathesilanus
                             .
                          
                           
                             R
                             us
                             .
                             D.
                             Prosper
                             Pollinus
                             Metrop
                             .
                             Praepos
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Baptista
                             Dulfus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Bapt.
                             Panzacchius
                             Abbas
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Petrus
                             de
                             Sandris
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Raphael
                             Bertucerus
                             S.
                             Petr●nii
                             Canonicus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Constantius
                             Scasellius
                             .
                          
                           
                             A.
                             Alexander
                             de
                             Domnis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Julius
                             Argolus
                             Metropol
                             ,
                             Canonicus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Abbas
                             Cititus
                             Maria
                             Guidonus
                             Metrop
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Secundâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             off
                             .
                             Veteris
                             ordin
                             .
                             Leg.
                             tit
                             .
                             ff
                             .
                             De
                             off
                             .
                             ejus
                             cui
                             mandata
                             est
                             jurisdiction
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Barbadorius
                             emeritus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Alfonsus
                             Arnoldus
                             S.
                             Petronii
                             Canon
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Matthaeus
                             Griffonius
                             S.
                             Petronii
                             Canon
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Nicolaus
                             Alle.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jac.
                             de
                             Gottis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Hippolytus
                             Farnasa●ius
                             Abbas
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Odoardus
                             Guidonus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Antonius
                             Francavatia
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                         
                           Tertiâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Summae
                             Rolandinae
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Dulphus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Sexti
                             &
                             Clementinarum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Co.
                             Franciscus
                             Ursius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Gaggius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Augustinus
                             de
                             Balthassaris
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Leonardus
                             Bacchionus
                             Caccaneus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Christoph
                             .
                             Gulinellus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Guidonus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             de
                             Maleficiis
                             ,
                             Legant
                             Legem
                             unicam
                             de
                             Raptu
                             Virginum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Gasper
                             Elephantucius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joseph
                             Coltellinus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Petrus
                             Pomp.
                             Vincentius
                             Mantachetus
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Quarta
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             de
                             Verb.
                             signific
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Christoph
                             .
                             Lucatellus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Antonius
                             Fantellus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Hieronymus
                             de
                             S.
                             Petro
                             Metrop
                             .
                             Canon
                             .
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             res
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             repetit
                             .
                             part
                             .
                             Legant
                             primo
                             omnes
                             Populi
                             ff
                             .
                             de
                             just
                             .
                             &
                             jure
                             ,
                             deinde
                             legant
                             de
                             minoribus
                             25
                             annis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Baptista
                             de
                             Astis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Calabrebius
                             Pistorinus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Hippol
                             Franc.
                             Vinea
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             res
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Dominicus
                             Medices
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Hippol.
                             Maria
                             de
                             Conventis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Laurentius
                             Simonius
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                           
                             Ad
                             Practicam
                             Judiciario
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Paulus
                             Zanius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joannes
                             Calvus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Pandectar
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Alexander
                             Sanutus
                             Pellicanus
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Classes
                         Pomeridianae
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Primâ
                           Horâ
                           in
                           pulsu
                           Companae
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Instit
                             .
                             Legant
                             tit
                             .
                             de
                             usu
                             fructu
                             ,
                             deindè
                             transeant
                             ad
                             tit
                             .
                             de
                             usucapionibus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joannes
                             Mazzantus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Clemens
                             Leonius
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             reserv
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Maria
                             Burdocchius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Horatius
                             Battalia
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Anton.
                             Franc.
                             Siverius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jacobus
                             Maria
                             Ugolottus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Gasper
                             Vincens
                             Berna
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Camillus
                             Bernardinus
                             Albaus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joan.
                             Antonius
                             Ruinus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Laurentius
                             Placentus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Prosper
                             Cattalanus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Onuphrius
                             Rabastens
                             Col.
                             major
                             .
                             S.
                             Clem.
                             Hisp
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Secundâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             ff
                             .
                             legant
                             tit
                             .
                             de
                             novi
                             operis
                             nunciat
                             .
                             deinde
                             tit
                             .
                             de
                             acquirend
                             .
                             Possess
                             .
                          
                           
                             Excellentissimus
                             D.
                             Cornelius
                             Canalius
                             emeritus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Munarius
                             aetate
                             ff
                             .
                             Metrop
                             .
                             Canon
                             .
                             S.
                             P.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joan.
                             Baptista
                             Farnasarius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Antonius
                             de
                             Blasiis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joseph
                             Franchinus
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                         
                           Tertiâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Decret
                             .
                             Legant
                             in
                             causis
                             incipiendo
                             à
                             Prima
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Hippolytus
                             Nanius
                             Elephatuccius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Co.
                             Annibal
                             de
                             Blanchis
                             Metrop
                             .
                             Canonicus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Felicianus
                             Mollinus
                             Coll.
                             Maj.
                             
                          
                           
                             S.
                             Clem.
                             Hisp
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             C.
                             lib.
                             X.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             de
                             Landis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Paulus
                             Forada
                             ,
                             Coll.
                             maj
                             .
                             S.
                             Clem.
                             Hisp
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Decretal
                             .
                             Legant
                             de
                             Regularibus
                             &
                             transeuntibus
                             ad
                             Religionem
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Alexander
                             Barberius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Co.
                             Hieronimus
                             Boschettus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             de
                             regulis
                             Juris
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Petrus
                             de
                             Masiis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Maria
                             Cuccus
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Quartâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             de
                             fe●dis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Baptista
                             Giovagonius
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             reserv
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Julius
                             Carcellerius
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Institut
                             .
                             Legant
                             tit
                             .
                             de
                             usu
                             fructu
                             ,
                             deinde
                             transeant
                             ad
                             tit
                             .
                             de
                             usu
                             capionib
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Co.
                             Ludovicus
                             Marsilius
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             reser
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Baptista
                             Sannutus
                             Pellicanus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jacobus
                             Daniolus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Albertus
                             de
                             Planis
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             Abbas
                             Petrus
                             Hercules
                             Abergettus
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             reserv
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Rochus
                             Franc.
                             Bonfiolus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Gaspar
                             Linder
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Fabius
                             Bordacchius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Hercules
                             Maria
                             Matthiolus
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Lecturae
                           Vniversitatis
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Decretorum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Sexti
                             &
                             Clementinarum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Decret
                             .
                             extraord
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Decret
                             .
                             sive
                             Infortiati
                             ordinar
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Voluminis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             ff
                             .
                             novi
                             seu
                             G.
                             extraordinar
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         The
                         Series
                         Lectionum
                         of
                         the
                         University
                         of
                         the
                         Artists
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Classes
                           Matutinae
                           .
                        
                         
                           Prima
                           Hora
                           in
                           pulsu
                           Campanae
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Medicinae
                             extraordinariam
                             .
                          
                           
                             Illustrissimus
                             Dominus
                             Rector
                             .
                             vacat
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Chirurgiae
                             legant
                             de
                             Vlceribus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             August
                             .
                             Cuccus
                             emeritus
                             ,
                             Q.
                             S.
                             A.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Albertus
                             de
                             Fabris
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Alexander
                             Guicciardinus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Anatomen
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             August
                             .
                             Cuccus
                             emeritus
                             ,
                             Q.
                             S.
                             A.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Albertus
                             de
                             Fabris
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Baptista
                             Capponius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Galeratus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joan.
                             de
                             Larentiis
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Simplicium
                             Medicinalium
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Hyacinthus
                             Ambrosius
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             humanarum
                             literarum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Cosmus
                             Gualdandus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Logicae
                             ,
                             Legant
                             secundum
                             librum
                             Posteriorum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Dominicus
                             Maria
                             Burgus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Dominicus
                             Clericus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Aloysius
                             Magnus
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Secundâ
                           hora.
                           
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Theoricam
                             Medicinae
                             ordinariam
                             ,
                             legant
                             Aphorismos
                             Hippocratis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Petrus
                             Jacobus
                             Florenus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Galleratus
                             .
                          
                           
                             
                             D.
                             Joan.
                             de
                             Laurentiis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Joan.
                             Antonius
                             Castarius
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Logicae
                             ,
                             Legant
                             secundum
                             lib.
                             Posteriorum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Secinius
                             Orettus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Ant.
                             Siverius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Andreas
                             Banderia
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Marius
                             Marianus
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Tertiâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Practicam
                             Medicinae
                             extraord
                             .
                             Legant
                             4
                             partem
                             primi
                             Avicen●ae
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jacobus
                             Accurtius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Baptista
                             Lingarus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Car.
                             Matthosillanus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Vincentius
                             Franchinus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Florianus
                             Bertellus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Barthol
                             .
                             Raymundus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Philosophiam
                             ordinariam
                             ,
                             Legant
                             Parva
                             naturalia
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Fulvius
                             Magnanus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Metaphysicae
                             ,
                             Legant
                             primum
                             librum
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             Mr.
                             Laurentius
                             de
                             Fabris
                             ,
                             Franciscus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             humanarum
                             literarum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Laurentius
                             Grimaldus
                             .
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             reserv
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Quartâ
                           Hora.
                           
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Philosophiam
                             moralem
                             ,
                             Legant
                             de
                             amicitia
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Ovidius
                             Montalbanus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jacobus
                             Servanus
                             ,
                             S.
                             Petronii
                             Canonicus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Logicae
                             ,
                             Legant
                             secundum
                             lib.
                             Posteriorum
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Raymundus
                             Abelus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Bartholomaeus
                             Ferrarius
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Humanarum
                             liter
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Michael
                             B.
                             
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Mechanicas
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Petrus
                             Mengolus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Particulas
                             Graecas
                             Domi.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Arithmeticam
                             Domi.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Simon
                             Mengolus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Grammaticam
                             Domi.
                             
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Nicolaus
                             Banderia
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Bonaventura
                             Rubens
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Classes
                         Pomeridianae
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Primâ
                           Horâ
                           in
                           pulsu
                           Companae
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Theoricam
                             Medicinoe
                             extraord
                             .
                             Legant
                             primam
                             partem
                             Avicennae
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Carol.
                             Lancius
                             Paltronus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Angelus
                             Antonius
                             Livizanus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Ludovicus
                             Lodius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Berlingerius
                             de
                             Solitis
                             Syracusanus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Sarae
                             Scripturae
                             Legant
                             ad
                             Beneplacitum
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             M.
                             Ericus
                             Marchettus
                             Servita
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Secundâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Practicam
                             Medicinae
                             ordin
                             .
                             Legant
                             de
                             Febribus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Baptista
                             Capponius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Rubertus
                             Muratorius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Marcellus
                             Malpighius
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             reser
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Fracassatus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Raymundus
                             M.
                             Pistorinus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                           
                             Ad
                             Philosophiam
                             extraord
                             .
                             Legant
                             de
                             Anima
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Caesar
                             Zoppius
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             M.
                             Vitalis
                             Ferra-rubeus
                             Mon.
                             Cassinus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Petrus
                             Maria
                             Cianus
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             M.
                             Marc.
                             Ant.
                             Fabiaus
                             de
                             Caritate
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Tertiâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Metaophysicae
                             ,
                             Legant
                             duodecimum
                             librum
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             Abb.
                             Fabianus
                             de
                             Landis
                             .
                             Can.
                             Lat.
                             abs
                             .
                             cum
                             reserv
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Flavius
                             Zinus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Philosophiam
                             ordin
                             .
                             Legant
                             de
                             Caelo
                             &
                             mundo
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Natalis
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Alexander
                             Magnus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Gherardus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Saxius
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Quartâ
                           Horâ
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Practicam
                             Medicinae
                             extraord
                             .
                             Legant
                             ad
                             beneplacit
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             Pompeius
                             Bolognettus
                             emeritus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Carolus
                             Riarius
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Sacentus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             S.
                             Theologiae
                             Scholasticae
                             .
                             Leg.
                             primum
                             lib.
                             Sentent
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             M.
                             Ant.
                             Mar.
                             Gherardus
                             Francisc
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Gregorius
                             Fallonus
                             Hibernus
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             M.
                             Sac.
                             Philip.
                             Pollinus
                             Dominicanus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Casuum
                             Conscientiae
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             Car.
                             Anton.
                             Jeachimus
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Mathematicam
                             ,
                             Legant
                             Astronomiam
                             Ptolemaei
                             .
                          
                           
                             P.
                             M
                             Joannes
                             Riccius
                             Carmelita
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Dominicus
                             Cassinus
                             Januens
                             .
                          
                        
                         
                           
                           
                             Ad
                             Artem
                             Scribendi
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Franciscus
                             Guidicellus
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             Jo.
                             Andreas
                             de
                             Abantis
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Lecturae
                           Vniversitatis
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Medicinae
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Philosophioe
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Astronomiae
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                         
                           
                             Ad
                             Lecturam
                             Rhetoricae
                             .
                          
                           
                             D.
                             —
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               At
               Bononia
               we
               saw
               the
               formerly
               famous
               exercise
               of
               Justing
               or
               Tilting
               ,
               which
               is
               there
               stil
               used
               in
               Carneval
               time
               .
               The
               combatants
               being
               mounted
               on
               horseback
               ,
               armed
               cap-a-pee
               ,
               and
               adorned
               with
               huge
               Plumes
               of
               Feathers
               and
               Scarfs
               ,
               with
               Launces
               in
               their
               hands
               ,
               run
               one
               at
               another
               a
               full
               gallop
               ,
               one
               on
               one
               side
               and
               another
               on
               the
               other
               side
               of
               a
               low
               rail
               .
               They
               aim
               at
               one
               particular
               part
               (
               I
               think
               it
               is
               the
               eye
               )
               and
               he
               that
               comes
               nearest
               is
               the
               best
               Juster
               .
               We
               saw
               several
               Launces
               broken
               but
               no
               person
               dismounted
               ,
               nor
               any
               hurt
               done
               .
            
             
               Heer
               by
               the
               favour
               of
               Dr.
               
                 Ovidio
                 Montalbano
              
               one
               of
               the
               Professors
               ,
               we
               had
               a
               sight
               of
               the
               Museum
               of
               aldrovandus
               ,
               which
               by
               his
               last
               Will
               he
               left
               as
               a
               Legacy
               to
               the
               City
               .
               It
               is
               kept
               in
               the
               Cardinal
               Legates
               Palace
               commonly
               called
               
                 Palazzo
                 del
                 Confaloniero
              
               .
               Among
               many
               natural
               and
               artificial
               Rarities
               therein
               preserved
               we
               took
               more
               especial
               notice
               of
               10
               Volumes
               of
               the
               pictures
               of
               Plants
               ,
               and
               6
               of
               Birds
               ,
               Beasts
               ,
               and
               Fishes
               ,
               drawn
               exactly
               in
               colours
               by
               the
               hand
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               Dr.
               Montalbanus
               very
               civilly
               brought
               
               .
               us
               to
               the
               house
               of
               
                 Jcaobus
                 Zenoni
              
               ,
               an
               Apothecary
               ,
               a
               skilful
               herbarist
               and
               a
               collector
               of
               Rarities
               ,
               who
               among
               other
               things
               shewed
               us
               three
               pieces
               of
               rock-Crystal
               ,
               with
               drops
               of
               water
               enclosed
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               we
               could
               plainly
               perceive
               when
               the
               crystal
               was
               moved
               to
               and
               fro
               .
               He
               hath
               a
               Garden
               well
               stored
               with
               Simples
               ,
               wherein
               we
               noted
               
                 Arundo
                 nastos
              
               sive
               farcta
               ,
               in
               rivis
               Rheni
               Boniensis
               :
               
                 Solanum
                 Americanum
                 fructu
                 molli
              
               .
               Eyst
               .
               
                 Geranium
                 triste
              
               Cornuti
               :
               
                 Scammonea
                 Syriaca
                 ;
                 Polytrichum
                 Alpinum
                 inciso
                 folio
                 ,
                 costâ
                 viridi
                 ;
                 Convolvulus
                 Althaeae
                 folio
                 non
                 inciso
                 ;
                 Pentaphyllum
                 lucidum
                 folio
                 hirsuto
                 ,
              
               ab
               ipso
               inventum
               prope
               Rhenum
               Bononiensem
               ;
               
                 Malva
                 Alpina
                 folio
                 laciniato
                 ;
                 Jacobaea
                 folio
                 Betonicae
                 ,
              
               n.
               d.
               
                 Abrotanum
                 foemina
                 inodorum
                 ;
                 Bardana
                 de
                 Congo
                 ;
                 Helleborus
                 niger
                 trifolius
                 spinosus
                 ;
                 Cyclamen
                 Baldense
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 ,
                 flore
                 odorato
                 ;
                 Thlaspi
                 folio
                 Sampsuchi
                 ;
                 item
                 folio
                 sedi
                 ;
                 Dau
                 us
                 Creticus
                 verus
                 ;
                 Stachys
                 Cretica
                 salviae
                 folio
                 ;
                 Clematis
                 Smilaci
                 Asperae
                 similis
                 ,
                 verum
                 non
                 aspera
                 ;
                 Clematis
                 tetraphylla
                 Americana
                 ;
                 Malva
                 folio
                 Betonicae
                 ,
              
               ab
               ipso
               inventa
               ;
               
                 Labrum
                 Veneris
                 Indicum
                 altissimum
                 ;
                 Eruce
                 Tanaceti
                 folio
                 ;
                 Genista
                 Alpine
                 sive
                 Spartium
                 .
              
               Col.
               
                 Adianthum
                 nigrum
                 ramosum
                 Canadense
              
               Cornut
               .
               
                 Chamaedryos
                 spuriae
                 species
              
               ,
               ab
               ipso
               inventa
               propriè
               
                 Rheum
                 fl
                 .
                 Bononiensem
              
               ;
               besides
               many
               others
               which
               had
               not
               yet
               put
               forth
               ,
               it
               being
               early
               in
               the
               Spring
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               day
               we
               visited
               Seignior
               
                 Gioseppi
                 Bucemi
              
               a
               Chymist
               ,
               
               who
               prepares
               the
               Bononian
               stone
               ,
               or
               
                 Lapis
                 Phosphorus
              
               ,
               which
               id
               exposed
               a
               while
               to
               the
               illuminated
               air
               will
               imbibe
               the
               light
               ,
               so
               that
               withdrawn
               into
               a
               dark
               room
               ,
               and
               there
               look't
               upon
               it
               will
               appear
               like
               a
               burning
               coal
               ;
               but
               in
               a
               short
               time
               gradually
               loses
               its
               shining
               till
               again
               exposed
               to
               the
               light
               .
               The
               crude
               stone
               is
               like
               a
               kind
               of
               sparre
               or
               fluor
               ;
               it
               acquires
               this
               quality
               by
               being
               calcined
               (
               ad
               he
               told
               us
               )
               in
               any
               small
               furnace
               ,
               laying
               the
               pieces
               of
               stone
               upon
               an
               iron
               grate
               over
               a
               fire
               of
               wood
               .
               But
               we
               believe
               
               there
               is
               somewhat
               more
               of
               mystery
               in
               it
               ;
               for
               some
               of
               us
               calcining
               part
               of
               the
               stone
               we
               purchased
               of
               him
               according
               to
               his
               direction
               ,
               it
               sorted
               not
               to
               make
               it
               shine
               .
               The
               prepared
               stone
               in
               time
               loses
               its
               vertue
               and
               ceases
               to
               shine
               ,
               as
               we
               found
               by
               experience
               in
               those
               pieces
               we
               bought
               and
               brought
               along
               with
               us
               .
               Heerabout
               and
               all
               along
               as
               we
               rode
               in
               Lombardy
               we
               saw
               now
               in
               flower
               
                 Aconitum
                 hyemale
              
               ,
               call'd
               by
               same
               
                 Anemone
                 Bononiensium
              
            
             
               We
               left
               Bologna
               ,
               
               and
               travelled
               to
               Modena
               ,
               by
               the
               way
               about
               15
               miles
               from
               Bol
               pssing
               by
               Castel-Franco
               ,
               
               a
               strong
               Fort
               near
               a
               Village
               called
               
                 Villa
                 Franca
              
               ,
               built
               by
               Pope
               Vrban
               the
               VIII
               .
               on
               the
               Frontier
               of
               Modena
               .
               
               Modena
               is
               20
               miles
               distant
               from
               Bononia
               ,
               no
               great
               City
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               bigness
               populous
               ,
               being
               the
               place
               of
               the
               Dukes
               usual
               residence
               ;
               which
               must
               needs
               draw
               company
               and
               business
               .
               It
               is
               encompassed
               about
               with
               a
               thick
               wall
               and
               broad
               ditch
               ,
               and
               tolerably
               well
               fortified
               with
               bastions
               and
               outworks
               .
               Heer
               as
               at
               
                 Bononia
                 ,
                 Padua
              
               ,
               and
               several
               other
               Cities
               in
               Lombardy
               and
               Friuli
               ,
               are
               Portico's
               or
               Cloysters
               ,
               (
               Rows
               they
               call
               them
               at
               Chester
               )
               on
               each
               side
               the
               streets
               to
               walk
               in
               .
               The
               houses
               are
               most
               built
               of
               brick
               ,
               and
               but
               of
               mean
               height
               ,
               as
               we
               observed
               them
               to
               be
               in
               all
               those
               Cities
               where
               the
               streets
               cloystered
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               which
               we
               conjecture
               was
               the
               manner
               of
               building
               of
               the
               Goths
               or
               Lombards
               that
               invaded
               Italy
               ,
               and
               setled
               themselves
               in
               these
               parts
               .
            
             
               Heer
               we
               saw
               the
               Dukes
               Palace
               ,
               which
               though
               it
               be
               not
               vast
               ,
               nor
               makes
               any
               great
               shew
               outwardly
               ;
               yet
               are
               the
               rooms
               within
               very
               elegant
               and
               richly
               adorned
               with
               gilding
               ,
               hangings
               ,
               and
               Pictures
               of
               the
               best
               Masters
               .
               What
               we
               most
               minded
               was
               the
               Cabinet
               or
               museum
               ,
               furnished
               with
               choice
               of
               natural
               Rarities
               ,
               Jewels
               ,
               ancient
               ad
               modern
               Coins
               and
               Medals
               ,
               ancient
               and
               modern
               Entaglia's
               ,
               curious
               turn'd
               Works
               ,
               dried
               Plants
               pasted
               upon
               smooth
               boards
               whitened
               with
               ceruss
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               put
               in
               frames
               and
               hung
               about
               a
               room
               like
               pictures
               ;
               and
               a
               great
               
               collection
               of
               designs
               of
               the
               best
               Painters
               .
               Among
               other
               things
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               a
               humane
               head
               petrified
               ;
               a
               hens
               egg
               having
               on
               one
               side
               the
               signature
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               I
               the
               rather
               noted
               ,
               because
               some
               years
               before
               Sir
               
                 Thomas
                 Brown
              
               of
               Norwich
               sent
               me
               the
               picture
               of
               one
               having
               the
               perfect
               signature
               of
               a
               Duck
               swimming
               upon
               it
               ,
               which
               he
               assured
               me
               was
               natural
               .
               Moss
               included
               in
               a
               piece
               of
               Crystal
               ,
               silver
               in
               another
               .
               A
               fly
               plainly
               discernable
               in
               a
               piece
               of
               Amber
               .
               A
               Chinese
               Calendar
               written
               on
               wooden
               leaves
               .
               Almericus
               Father
               to
               the
               present
               Duke
               (
               who
               at
               our
               being
               there
               was
               a
               child
               of
               about
               3
               years
               old
               )
               made
               this
               Collection
               ,
               and
               was
               treating
               with
               
                 Manfredus
                 Septalius
              
               Canon
               at
               Millain
               for
               his
               Cabinet
               ,
               so
               much
               talked
               of
               all
               over
               Italy
               ;
               for
               which
               they
               told
               us
               he
               was
               to
               give
               1000
               pistols
               :
               But
               before
               the
               bargain
               was
               concluded
               the
               Duke
               died
               in
               the
               28
               year
               of
               his
               age
               .
            
             
               The
               Revenues
               of
               this
               Prince
               are
               said
               to
               be
               350000
               Crowns
               
                 per
                 ann
              
               .
               his
               ordinary
               expences
               not
               to
               exceed
               180000.
               
            
             
               In
               a
               Mountain
               in
               this
               Territory
               called
               Zibbo
               nigh
               Paiuli
               Castle
               some
               28
               miles
               distant
               from
               Modena
               is
               a
               Fountain
               where
               Petroleum
               issues
               out
               of
               the
               earth
               .
               In
               another
               Mountain
               called
               
                 Monte
                 Nicani
              
               are
               found
               petri●ied
               cockles
               and
               others
               shells
               .
            
             
               We
               began
               our
               Journey
               to
               Parma
               ,
               
               and
               at
               7
               miles
               end
               forded
               the
               River
               Serchio
               ,
               passing
               by
               strong
               little
               Town
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               called
               Rubiera
               ,
               and
               after
               8
               miles
               more
               entred
               Reggio
               .
               a
               city
               almost
               as
               big
               as
               Modena
               ,
               
               and
               of
               equal
               strength
               ,
               subject
               to
               the
               same
               Prince
               ,
               who
               is
               called
               Duke
               of
               Modena
               ,
               and
               Reggio
               .
               It
               is
               more
               extended
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               makes
               a
               fairer
               shew
               ,
               having
               one
               broad
               and
               long
               street
               .
               Heer
               there
               are
               many
               Sculptors
               who
               make
               pretty
               carved
               works
               in
               Ivory
               ,
               and
               wood
               ,
               for
               which
               this
               Town
               is
               noted
               .
               Ten
               miles
               onward
               we
               passed
               a
               long
               Bridge
               over
               the
               River
               Lenzo
               ,
               and
               entred
               the
               Duke
               of
               
               Parma's
               Countrey
               ;
               and
               five
               miles
               more
               brought
               us
               to
               Parma
               ,
               a
               
               larger
               City
               then
               Modena
               ,
               of
               a
               round
               figure
               ,
               well
               built
               of
               brick
               ,
               though
               the
               houses
               be
               not
               tall
               .
               The
               streets
               broad
               and
               well
               paved
               ,
               but
               no
               porticos
               under
               the
               houses
               .
               In
               short
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               very
               pleasant
               and
               handsome
               Town
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               well
               fortified
               as
               many
               other
               Cities
               in
               Italy
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               to
               Piacenza
               .
               
               At
               6
               miles
               distance
               from
               Parma
               we
               ferried
               over
               the
               River
               Taro.
               
               Nine
               miles
               further
               we
               came
               to
               a
               large
               Burgo
               called
               St.
               Donin
               .
               Eight
               miles
               beyond
               St.
               Donin
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               pretty
               little
               Town
               called
               Fiorenzuola
               ,
               
               and
               just
               without
               the
               Town
               crossed
               the
               River
               Arta
               ;
               and
               proceeding
               on
               still
               12
               miles
               ,
               we
               came
               to
               Piacenza
               ,
               a
               City
               for
               bigness
               not
               inferiour
               to
               Parma
               ,
               and
               for
               strength
               Superior
               (
               being
               well
               walled
               and
               trench's
               about
               ,
               and
               having
               a
               strong
               Citadel
               )
               but
               not
               so
               handsome
               and
               well
               built
               .
               The
               Revenues
               of
               the
               Duke
               of
               Parma
               are
               said
               by
               some
               to
               be
               500000
               ,
               by
               some
               but
               400000
               crowns
               
                 per
                 ann
              
               .
               He
               keeps
               3000
               foot
               ,
               and
               1000
               horse
               in
               costant
               pay
               ;
               and
               can
               upon
               occasion
               raise
               20000
               foot
               ,
               and
               1000
               horse
               more
               .
               Besides
               Parma
               and
               Piacenza
               he
               holds
               in
               the
               State
               of
               the
               Church
               the
               Dukedom
               of
               Castro
               and
               the
               County
               of
               Ronciglione
               ,
               the
               first
               of
               which
               was
               pawned
               to
               the
               Pope
               ,
               and
               for
               want
               of
               payment
               of
               the
               money
               forfeited
               to
               the
               Church
               ,
               concerning
               the
               restitution
               whereof
               there
               hath
               been
               such
               a
               stir
               of
               late
               ,
               He
               holds
               also
               five
               Cities
               in
               Abruzzo
               .
               The
               present
               Dukes
               name
               is
               
                 Ranutius
                 Farnesius
              
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               to
               Crema
               ,
               
               13
               miles
               foom
               Piacenza
               ,
               passing
               through
               Castigno
               ,
               a
               large
               Burgo
               in
               the
               State
               of
               Milan
               ,
               two
               miles
               thence
               ferrying
               over
               the
               River
               Adda
               ,
               and
               2
               miles
               further
               the
               River
               Serio
               ,
               which
               runs
               into
               the
               Adda
               .
               Heer
               we
               entred
               the
               Venetian
               Territory
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               end
               of
               other
               five
               miles
               arrived
               at
               Crema
               ,
               
               no
               great
               City
               ,
               but
               strongly
               fenced
               and
               fortified
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               bigness
               populous
               ;
               held
               with
               a
               good
               Garrison
               of
               about
               500
               Souldiers
               by
               the
               Venetians
               ,
               
               as
               being
               a
               frontier
               place
               .
               It
               is
               situate
               in
               a
               fair
               and
               spacious
               plain
               ,
               near
               the
               River
               Serio
               ,
               and
               hath
               a
               large
               territory
               about
               it
               ,
               called
               Cremasco
               .
               This
               City
               is
               famous
               for
               fine
               thread
               made
               by
               the
               Nuns
               ,
               and
               little
               brushes
               made
               of
               the
               roots
               of
               a
               king
               of
               grass
               called
               Capriole
               ,
               which
               I
               take
               to
               be
               
                 Gramen
                 Scoparium
                 ischaemi
                 paniculis
              
               of
               Lobel
               .
            
             
               We
               hired
               horses
               for
               Brescia
               ,
               
               30
               miles
               distant
               from
               Crema
               .
               
               By
               the
               way
               we
               rode
               through
               1.
               a
               little
               Town
               called
               Osanengo
               ,
               about
               3
               miles
               from
               Crema
               .
               2.
               
               Romanengo
               a
               great
               Burgo
               with
               a
               small
               Castle
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               some
               3
               miles
               from
               Osanengo
               :
               and
               about
               4
               miles
               further
               onward
               3.
               
               Soncin
               ,
               
               a
               considerable
               wall'd
               Town
               in
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Milan
               ,
               which
               Schottus
               takes
               notice
               of
               as
               a
               very
               civil
               place
               to
               strangers
               ,
               and
               mentions
               
                 panem
                 ex
                 Amygdalis
                 dulcibus
                 &
                 lucernas
                 praestantissimas
                 ex
                 orichalco
              
               made
               there
               .
               Near
               this
               Town
               we
               ferried
               over
               the
               River
               Oy
               or
               Ollius
               ,
               and
               entred
               again
               into
               the
               Venetian
               Territory
               .
               Two
               miles
               off
               this
               place
               we
               rode
               close
               by
               
                 L'orzi
                 nuovi
              
               ,
               
               a
               small
               Town
               ,
               but
               one
               of
               the
               best
               fortified
               places
               we
               have
               seen
               ,
               carefully
               guarded
               by
               a
               good
               Garrison
               which
               the
               Venetians
               maintain
               there
               .
               Two
               miles
               from
               this
               Fortress
               we
               passed
               a
               great
               Village
               called
               
                 L'orzi
                 vecchii
              
               ,
               then
               several
               Villages
               the
               most
               considerable
               whereof
               was
               
                 Lo
                 grado
              
               .
               Heerabout
               and
               at
               
                 L'orzi
                 nuovi
              
               ,
               is
               great
               store
               of
               flax
               planted
               ,
               and
               fine
               linnen
               cloth
               made
               .
               The
               Countrey
               we
               rode
               through
               this
               day
               was
               full
               of
               Villages
               and
               well
               peopled
               ,
               divided
               into
               small
               Fields
               ,
               and
               those
               enclosed
               with
               hedges
               like
               our
               enclosed
               Countreys
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               The
               City
               of
               Brescia
               is
               less
               then
               Verona
               ,
               
               but
               considering
               the
               bigness
               more
               populous
               ,
               well
               built
               ,
               having
               broad
               and
               streight
               streets
               ,
               paved
               with
               stone
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               with
               bricks
               set
               edge
               wayes
               on
               each
               side
               ,
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               Holland
               Cities
               ;
               as
               are
               also
               the
               streets
               of
               
                 Parma
                 ,
                 Piacenza
              
               ,
               and
               Crema
               .
               It
               is
               encompassed
               with
               two
               walls
               ,
               the
               interiour
               of
               old
               
               building
               more
               slight
               and
               weak
               ,
               the
               exterior
               of
               good
               strength
               ,
               and
               thickness
               ,
               with
               a
               broad
               trench
               before
               it
               .
               The
               inhabitants
               are
               very
               busie
               and
               industrious
               ,
               driving
               a
               great
               trade
               of
               making
               Guns
               and
               other
               iron
               ware
               .
               The
               Brescian
               Guns
               are
               much
               esteemed
               not
               only
               in
               Italy
               ,
               but
               all
               over
               Europe
               ,
               as
               well
               for
               the
               goodness
               of
               the
               iron
               and
               temper
               ,
               as
               the
               excellency
               and
               neatness
               of
               the
               workmanship
               .
               The
               Markets
               are
               well
               stored
               with
               all
               things
               necessary
               for
               humane
               life
               .
               The
               territory
               of
               this
               City
               is
               in
               length
               from
               Moso
               near
               Mantua
               to
               Dialengo
               in
               the
               upper
               end
               of
               
                 Val
                 Camonica
              
               100
               miles
               ,
               in
               breadth
               from
               Limone
               upon
               the
               
                 Lago
                 di
                 Garda
              
               to
               
                 L'orzi
                 nuovi
              
               50
               ;
               fruitful
               of
               corn
               and
               wine
               .
               The
               hills
               clothed
               with
               Woods
               ,
               and
               the
               valleys
               abundant
               in
               good
               pastures
               ;
               so
               that
               there
               is
               excellent
               cheese
               made
               heer
               ,
               and
               sent
               abroad
               to
               Venice
               and
               other
               parts
               of
               Italy
               .
               In
               the
               Mountains
               are
               iron
               and
               copper
               mines
               ,
               which
               yield
               great
               profit
               to
               the
               owners
               ,
               and
               inrich
               the
               whole
               Coutrey
               .
               Few
               Cities
               in
               Italy
               have
               so
               large
               and
               so
               rich
               a
               territory
               ,
               so
               populous
               and
               full
               of
               Towns
               and
               great
               Villages
               .
               The
               City
               it self
               hath
               often
               changed
               Lords
               and
               Governments
               ,
               and
               was
               for
               a
               long
               time
               miserably
               torn
               in
               pieces
               ,
               and
               wasted
               by
               intestine
               quarrels
               and
               fightings
               between
               the
               Factions
               of
               the
               Guelfs
               and
               Ghibellines
               .
               The
               Visconti
               of
               Milan
               made
               themselves
               masters
               of
               it
               and
               held
               it
               for
               many
               years
               .
               In
               the
               time
               of
               
                 Phillippus
                 Maria
              
               ,
               the
               Citizens
               being
               much
               oppressed
               and
               aggrieved
               ,
               and
               having
               often
               in
               vain
               sent
               Embssadors
               to
               him
               for
               redress
               ,
               they
               finally
               delivered
               themselves
               up
               to
               the
               Venetians
               in
               the
               year
               1426.
               who
               now
               keep
               in
               Garrison
               for
               the
               security
               of
               this
               City
               800
               Souldiers
               ,
               and
               300
               more
               in
               the
               Castle
               ,
               which
               stands
               on
               a
               rocky
               hill
               and
               commands
               the
               whole
               Town
               .
               On
               the
               sides
               of
               this
               hill
               we
               found
               Serpent
               Stones
               or
               
                 Cornua
                 Ammonis
              
               ,
               besides
               other
               petrified
               shells
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               to
               Bergamo
               passing
               through
               1.
               
               Hospitaletta
               ,
               
               a
               Village
               7
               miles
               distant
               from
               Brescia
               2.
               
               Cokai
               ,
               
               a
               large
               Village
               5
               miles
               further
               .
               
               3.
               
               Palazzulolo
               a
               great
               Village
               standing
               on
               a
               steep
               bank
               on
               each
               side
               the
               River
               Ollio
               We
               had
               a
               full
               view
               of
               the
               Alps
               all
               along
               as
               we
               rode
               .
               
               Bergamo
               is
               seated
               upon
               the
               side
               of
               a
               hill
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               City
               of
               good
               account
               for
               greatness
               and
               strength
               ,
               encompassed
               about
               with
               high
               strong
               walls
               ,
               and
               a
               broad
               dry
               ditch
               or
               trench
               .
               The
               streets
               are
               narrow
               ,
               but
               the
               houses
               fair
               .
               Upon
               the
               top
               of
               the
               hill
               above
               the
               City
               stands
               the
               Castle
               ,
               which
               though
               it
               be
               but
               a
               small
               place
               is
               strongly
               situate
               ,
               and
               commands
               the
               Town
               .
               They
               told
               us
               that
               there
               was
               a
               Vault
               under
               ground
               from
               the
               Castle
               to
               the
               Palace
               of
               the
               Capitaneo
               .
               Without
               the
               Walls
               of
               the
               City
               are
               five
               large
               
               Borgo's
               or
               Suburbs
               .
               1.
               
               That
               of
               St.
               Leonardo
               below
               the
               hill
               ,
               which
               hath
               fair
               streets
               ,
               and
               is
               inhabited
               by
               rich
               Merchants
               .
               2.
               
               That
               of
               St.
               Antonio
               .
               3.
               
               Of
               
                 Sancta
                 Catharina
              
               .
               4.
               
               S.
               Thomaso
               or
               
                 Borsa
                 di
                 pignole
              
               .
               These
               three
               stand
               at
               some
               little
               distance
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               them
               are
               walled
               about
               .
               5.
               
               
                 Borgo
                 Canale
              
               or
               
                 di
                 S.
                 Gotardo
              
               .
               This
               City
               seemed
               to
               us
               a
               busie
               and
               thriving
               place
               .
               In
               the
               Church
               of
               the
               Augustines
               Cloyster
               lies
               buried
               
                 Ambrosius
                 Calepinus
              
               ,
               a
               Monk
               of
               that
               Order
               ,
               Author
               of
               the
               known
               Dictionary
               ,
               without
               any
               monument
               or
               Inscription
               :
               In
               the
               Priors
               Cell
               they
               shewed
               us
               his
               Picture
               with
               this
               subsribed
               .
            
             
               F.
               Ambrosius
               ,
               dictus
               Calepinus
               ,
               Comitis
               Trussardi
               Calepii
               primi
               vallis
               Calepiae
               feudatarii
               filius
               praealaro
               suo
               Dictionario
               nusquam
               antea
               ab
               aliquo
               excogitato
               (
               vulgò
               Calepinum
               nominant
               )
               cùm
               Heremitanum
               ho●
               S.
               Augustini
               Monasterium
               ,
               &
               Bergomum
               patriam
               suam
               egregiè
               illustrâsset
               ,
               omnibus
               literarum
               studiosis
               utilissimus
               quievit
               in
               Domino
               Anno
               salutis
               MDXI.
               aetatis
               suae
               71.
               
            
             
               This
               City
               hath
               undergone
               almost
               the
               same
               changes
               of
               Lords
               and
               Government
               with
               Brescia
               ,
               and
               did
               
               likewise
               voluntarily
               deliver
               it self
               up
               to
               the
               Venetians
               in
               the
               year
               1428.
               under
               whose
               Government
               it
               continued
               till
               the
               year
               1509
               ,
               when
               the
               Venetian
               Army
               was
               routed
               ,
               broken
               and
               utterly
               defeated
               by
               Lewis
               XII
               King
               of
               France
               ,
               in
               the
               Ghiara
               of
               the
               River
               Adda
               ,
               and
               then
               it
               submitted
               to
               him
               and
               remained
               at
               his
               Devotion
               so
               long
               as
               he
               held
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Milan
               .
               In
               the
               Year
               1512
               ,
               the
               French
               being
               expelled
               Italy
               ,
               it
               became
               subject
               to
               
                 Maximilian
                 Sforza
              
               Duke
               of
               Milan
               .
               By
               reason
               of
               some
               grievances
               it
               revolted
               from
               him
               and
               returned
               under
               the
               Venetians
               ;
               but
               being
               besieged
               by
               
                 Raimundus
                 Cardona
              
               a
               Spaniard
               ,
               Vice-roy
               of
               Naples
               ,
               and
               Captain
               of
               the
               League
               ,
               with
               a
               great
               army
               ,
               it
               was
               forced
               to
               surrender
               to
               the
               will
               of
               Maximilian
               ,
               and
               to
               avoid
               pillaging
               to
               pay
               40000
               Ducats
               of
               Gold
               ,
               whereas
               before
               it
               would
               not
               pay
               10000
               ,
               Anno
               1514.
               
               In
               fine
               ,
               Anno
               1516
               ,
               it
               again
               returned
               under
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Venetians
               ,
               who
               continue
               to
               this
               day
               Lords
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               send
               thither
               a
               *
               Podestà
               ,
               a
               Capitaneo
               ,
               a
               Camerlengo
               and
               a
               Castellano
               .
               The
               Italians
               have
               a
               Proverb
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               
                 Se
                 Bergamo
                 fosse
                 in
                 pian
                 Sarebbe
                 piu
                 bel
                 che
                 non
                 è
                 Milan
                 .
              
               If
               Bergamo
               stood
               in
               a
               plain
               it
               would
               be
               a
               fairer
               City
               than
               Milan
               .
            
             
               NB.
               After
               the
               forementioned
               rout
               and
               disomfiture
               of
               the
               Venetian
               Army
               ,
               not
               only
               Bergamo
               ,
               but
               also
               
                 Brescia
                 ,
                 Verona
                 ,
                 Vicenza
                 ,
                 Padua
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Cities
               subject
               to
               them
               ,
               save
               only
               Treviso
               ,
               readily
               submitted
               to
               the
               Emperour
               and
               King
               of
               France
               ;
               notwithstading
               they
               were
               well
               fortified
               and
               had
               strength
               enough
               to
               resist
               :
               So
               that
               the
               Venetians
               utterly
               despaired
               of
               and
               wholly
               gave
               up
               for
               lost
               all
               they
               had
               on
               the
               firm
               land
               of
               Italy
               ;
               but
               yet
               in
               a
               short
               time
               they
               recovered
               it
               all
               again
               .
            
             
               From
               Bergamo
               we
               rode
               to
               Calonica
               ,
               a
               Village
               in
               the
               State
               of
               Milan
               ,
               seated
               upon
               the
               River
               Adda
               ,
               where
               we
               took
               water
               for
               the
               City
               of
               Milan
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               MILAN
               .
            
             
               MILAN
               is
               one
               of
               the
               four
               principal
               Cities
               of
               Italy
               ;
               the
               other
               three
               being
               
                 Rome
                 ,
                 Venice
              
               and
               Naples
               .
               It
               is
               called
               
                 la
                 grande
              
               ,
               and
               well
               may
               it
               be
               so
               ,
               being
               ten
               Italian
               miles
               in
               circuit
               :
               and
               yet
               (
               which
               is
               more
               )
               the
               figure
               of
               it
               approaches
               to
               a
               circle
               .
               It
               conteins
               11
               Collegiate
               Churches
               ,
               71
               Parishes
               ,
               30
               Covents
               of
               Freres
               ,
               8
               of
               Regular
               Canons
               ,
               and
               36
               of
               Nuns
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               of
               all
               sorts
               is
               said
               to
               be
               300000
               ,
               but
               I
               believe
               they
               who
               report
               it
               speak
               by
               guess
               and
               at
               random
               .
               All
               provisions
               for
               the
               belly
               are
               very
               plentiful
               and
               cheap
               heer
               :
               so
               that
               it
               is
               a
               proverbial
               saying
               ,
               
                 Solo
                 in
                 Milano
                 si
                 mangia
              
               ,
               They
               eat
               well
               only
               at
               Milan
               .
               The
               Domo
               or
               Cathedral
               Church
               is
               next
               to
               S.
               Peters
               at
               Rome
               the
               greatest
               ,
               most
               sumptuous
               ad
               stately
               pile
               of
               building
               in
               Italy
               .
               It
               is
               250
               cubits
               long
               ,
               and
               130
               broad
               ,
               according
               to
               Schottus
               ,
               and
               of
               an
               answerable
               highth
               .
               A
               more
               particular
               description
               whereof
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               Schottus
               .
               The
               great
               Hospital
               is
               the
               largest
               and
               most
               magnificent
               ,
               I
               think
               ,
               in
               Europe
               ,
               more
               like
               a
               stately
               Cloyster
               or
               Princes
               Palace
               than
               an
               Hospital
               .
               There
               is
               one
               great
               square
               Court
               ,
               surrounded
               with
               a
               double
               portico
               ,
               the
               one
               below
               ,
               the
               other
               obove
               flairs
               ;
               besides
               four
               or
               five
               other
               smaller
               Courts
               .
               The
               Revenues
               of
               this
               house
               amount
               to
               more
               then
               50000
               crowns
               yearly
               ;
               and
               there
               are
               maintained
               in
               it
               about
               4000
               poor
               ,
               infirm
               and
               sick
               persons
               .
               In
               this
               City
               are
               many
               fair
               and
               large
               Monasteries
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Churches
               [
               of
               all
               sorts
               238
               ]
               beautified
               with
               exquisite
               pictures
               and
               statues
               of
               the
               best
               Masters
               ,
               and
               furnished
               with
               rich
               Altar●
               pieces
               ,
               Reliques
               ,
               Vests
               ,
               and
               
               other
               Ornaments
               :
               The
               particulars
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               Schottus
               and
               others
               .
               The
               Library
               called
               
                 Bibliotheca
                 Ambrosiana
              
               is
               a
               handsom
               building
               furnished
               with
               store
               of
               Good
               Books
               ,
               and
               free
               for
               all
               persons
               ,
               as
               well
               strangers
               as
               Citizens
               ,
               to
               enter
               into
               and
               make
               use
               of
               .
               It
               was
               founded
               by
               Cardinal
               
                 Carolus
                 Borromens
              
               ,
               of
               whom
               they
               have
               made
               a
               Saint
               .
               The
               College
               called
               Hermathenaeum
               is
               a
               stately
               building
               ,
               having
               a
               handsome
               Court
               ,
               encompassed
               with
               a
               double
               Portico
               or
               Cloyster
               ,
               one
               above
               the
               other
               .
               The
               pillars
               of
               both
               Porticoes
               are
               double
               ,
               the
               lowermost
               of
               the
               Ionic
               ,
               the
               upper
               of
               the
               Tuscan
               Order
               .
            
             
               The
               Castle
               of
               Milan
               is
               esteemed
               one
               of
               the
               principal
               Fortresses
               of
               Europe
               ,
               as
               well
               for
               its
               strength
               (
               having
               never
               been
               taken
               by
               force
               )
               as
               for
               its
               greatness
               and
               beauty
               .
               This
               Castle
               since
               its
               first
               building
               hath
               been
               twice
               enlarged
               ;
               for
               the
               ancient
               Castle
               ,
               built
               by
               the
               Visconti
               (
               which
               is
               now
               the
               Palace
               of
               the
               Governour
               ,
               and
               before
               which
               is
               Court
               having
               a
               round
               stone-tower
               at
               each
               corner
               ;
               )
               the
               French
               taking
               in
               a
               great
               space
               of
               ground
               ,
               enclosed
               with
               a
               square
               wall
               of
               a
               very
               great
               highth
               and
               thickness
               ,
               and
               a
               deep
               ditch
               .
               Upon
               the
               top
               of
               this
               wall
               one
               may
               walk
               under
               cover
               round
               about
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               have
               a
               fair
               prospect
               of
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               the
               new
               Fortifications
               of
               the
               Castle
               ,
               or
               the
               new
               line
               added
               by
               the
               Spaniard
               ,
               being
               of
               a
               pentagonal
               figure
               ,
               and
               having
               at
               each
               angle
               a
               Bastion
               or
               Mount
               ,
               and
               between
               every
               two
               Bastions
               an
               half
               Moon
               .
               It
               is
               well
               furnished
               round
               about
               with
               great
               Guns
               ready
               mounted
               .
               Within
               the
               Castle
               is
               a
               water-mill
               ,
               which
               they
               told
               us
               was
               driven
               by
               water
               which
               springs
               up
               within
               the
               Castle-walls
               .
               Schottus
               saith
               that
               the
               circuit
               of
               the
               whole
               Fortress
               besides
               the
               trenches
               is
               1600
               paces
               .
               The
               Garrison
               at
               our
               being
               there
               consisted
               of
               about
               600
               Souldiers
               ,
               and
               the
               Castellana
               or
               Governours
               name
               was
               
                 Don
                 Balthasar
                 Markadel
              
               .
            
             
               We
               saw
               the
               Museum
               or
               Gallery
               of
               Seignior
               
                 Manfredus
                 
                 Septalius
              
               son
               to
               
                 Ludovicus
                 Septalius
              
               the
               famous
               Physician
               ;
               
               wherein
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               a
               box
               with
               a
               multitude
               of
               Looking-glasses
               so
               disposed
               as
               by
               mutual
               reflexion
               to
               multiply
               the
               object
               many
               times
               ,
               so
               that
               one
               could
               see
               no
               end
               of
               them
               :
               the
               best
               in
               this
               king
               that
               I
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               .
               A
               plain
               plate
               of
               glass
               with
               so
               many
               spherical
               protuberances
               wrought
               upon
               it
               ,
               that
               if
               you
               lookt
               through
               it
               upon
               any
               object
               you
               saw
               it
               so
               many
               times
               multiplied
               as
               there
               were
               protuberancies
               or
               segments
               of
               spheres
               upon
               the
               plain
               of
               the
               glass
               .
               Likewise
               a
               Speculum
               of
               the
               same
               fashion
               ,
               by
               looking
               upon
               which
               through
               the
               former
               you
               see
               your
               face
               so
               many
               times
               multiplied
               as
               to
               be
               equal
               to
               the
               product
               of
               the
               sum
               of
               the
               protuberancies
               of
               the
               one
               glass
               multiplied
               into
               the
               sum
               of
               the
               protuberancies
               of
               the
               other
               .
               Several
               concave
               burning
               Specula
               of
               metal
               ;
               and
               we
               saw
               the
               experiment
               of
               burning
               by
               reflexion
               .
               Several
               Engines
               counterfeiting
               a
               perpetual
               motion
               ,
               of
               which
               afterward
               we
               understood
               the
               intrigue
               .
               Several
               automata
               and
               clocks
               of
               divers
               fashions
               ,
               among
               the
               rest
               two
               of
               a
               cylindrical
               figure
               which
               moved
               without
               weight
               or
               spring
               ,
               only
               by
               being
               placed
               upon
               an
               enclining
               plain
               ,
               their
               own
               weight
               was
               the
               spring
               of
               their
               motion
               .
               Pieces
               of
               Amber
               with
               Flies
               ,
               Grashoppers
               ,
               Bees
               enclosed
               in
               them
               .
               Pieces
               of
               Crystal
               with
               Grass
               ,
               Moss
               ,
               Leaves
               ,
               Insects
               ,
               &c.
               enclosed
               in
               them
               .
               A
               large
               piece
               of
               Crystal
               with
               a
               drop
               of
               water
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               in
               that
               water
               a
               bubble
               of
               air
               ,
               which
               as
               you
               turned
               the
               stone
               moved
               upwards
               .
               A
               little
               Cornelian
               with
               a
               great
               quantity
               of
               water
               enclosed
               in
               it
               .
               Pictures
               made
               of
               feathers
               by
               the
               Indians
               .
               A
               great
               collection
               as
               well
               of
               ancient
               as
               modern
               coins
               and
               medals
               .
               Several
               
                 Entaglie
                 ,
                 Camei
                 &
                 Nicoli
              
               .
               The
               
                 Pietra
                 imboscata
              
               of
               Imperatus
               ,
               having
               the
               lively
               signatures
               of
               herbs
               and
               trees
               upon
               it
               .
               Of
               this
               sort
               is
               found
               plenty
               about
               Florence
               ,
               where
               they
               polish
               them
               and
               make
               Cabinets
               of
               them
               .
               Perfumed
               knives
               .
               
                 Persian
                 ,
                 Arabic
                 ,
                 Chinese
              
               ,
               and
               Japonic
               
               manuscripts
               ;
               and
               a
               China
               Calendar
               in
               wood
               ,
               Great
               variety
               of
               shells
               .
               Telescopes
               and
               Microscopes
               of
               his
               own
               making
               .
               A
               large
               piece
               of
               the
               minera
               or
               matrix
               of
               Emeralds
               ,
               with
               the
               stones
               growing
               in
               it
               .
               Many
               musical
               instruments
               and
               divers
               sorts
               of
               pipes
               of
               his
               own
               invention
               .
               Ancient
               Rings
               .
               Indian
               Scepters
               and
               Bills
               made
               of
               stone
               .
               Several
               things
               petrified
               .
               Chymical
               Oils
               extracted
               by
               himself
               without
               fire
               .
               The
               Skeleton
               of
               a
               Morsses
               head
               .
               Divers
               and
               very
               large
               Rhinocerots
               horns
               ,
               Gazells
               horns
               ,
               and
               an
               Unicorns
               horn
               .
               Curious
               pieces
               of
               turned
               work
               of
               Ivory
               very
               fine
               and
               subtil
               .
               Several
               pieces
               of
               past
               and
               coloured
               glass
               .
               Several
               pieces
               of
               most
               transparent
               Crystal-glass
               ,
               excelling
               that
               of
               Venice
               ,
               made
               and
               invented
               by
               himself
               .
               Factitious
               China
               or
               Porcellane
               of
               his
               own
               invention
               and
               making
               ,
               hardly
               to
               be
               distinguished
               from
               the
               true
               .
               But
               there
               being
               a
               printed
               Catalogue
               of
               this
               Cabinet
               set
               out
               by
               the
               owner
               himself
               ,
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               thither
               for
               further
               satisfaction
               .
               In
               this
               City
               they
               work
               much
               in
               Crystal
               ,
               making
               drinking-glasses
               and
               other
               vessels
               ,
               cases
               for
               tweezers
               ,
               seals
               ,
               and
               an
               hundred
               pretty
               knacks
               of
               it
               :
               they
               also
               engrave
               figures
               upon
               it
               .
               They
               grind
               and
               polish
               it
               with
               a
               brass
               wheel
               ,
               upon
               which
               they
               put
               the
               powder
               of
               Smiris
               mingled
               with
               water
               ;
               and
               after
               to
               smooth
               it
               they
               use
               the
               power
               of
               *
               Sasse-mort
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               stone
               they
               find
               in
               the
               River
               fast
               by
               .
               This
               stone
               by
               lying
               in
               the
               water
               by
               degrees
               dies
               ,
               from
               a
               heavy
               pebble
               first
               becoming
               light
               like
               a
               pumice
               ,
               and
               afterward
               if
               it
               lie
               longer
               in
               the
               water
               crumbling
               to
               dust
               .
               Most
               ordinary
               stones
               by
               lying
               in
               this
               water
               ,
               or
               where
               the
               water
               sometimes
               comes
               ,
               will
               (
               as
               they
               told
               us
               )
               die
               in
               this
               manner
               ,
               excepting
               the
               clear
               pellucid
               pebbles
               ,
               which
               are
               immortal
               .
            
             
               We
               left
               Milan
               and
               began
               our
               journey
               to
               Turin
               .
               
               We
               rode
               all
               along
               upon
               the
               bank
               of
               the
               River
               Navilio
               ,
               passing
               several
               small
               Villages
               ,
               leaving
               Biagrassa
               ,
               a
               Town
               of
               some
               note
               ,
               
               a
               little
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               ,
               and
               
               lodged
               at
               Bufalora
               22
               miles
               distant
               from
               Milan
               .
               Heer
               in
               the
               hedges
               we
               found
               
                 Fumaria
                 bulbosa
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 &
                 albo
              
               now
               in
               flower
               :
               as
               also
               
                 Aristolochia
                 rotunda
              
               in
               flower
               .
            
             
               We
               passed
               through
               Novara
               a
               strong
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Spaniard
               10
               miles
               distant
               from
               Bufalora
               ;
               
               and
               rode
               on
               10
               miles
               further
               to
               Vercelli
               belonging
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Savoy
               ;
               
               a
               large
               Town
               ,
               but
               neither
               strong
               nor
               well
               peopled
               .
               This
               Town
               was
               delivered
               up
               by
               the
               Spaniard
               to
               the
               Duke
               ,
               when
               Trin
               was
               restored
               to
               the
               Spaniard
               by
               the
               French.
               We
               were
               told
               that
               the
               Citizens
               pay
               ten
               times
               more
               to
               the
               Duke
               then
               they
               did
               to
               the
               Spaniard
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               cause
               such
               as
               are
               able
               leave
               the
               City
               and
               remove
               to
               other
               places
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               as
               far
               as
               a
               Village
               called
               Sian
               ,
               
               18
               miles
               passing
               by
               a
               large
               borgo
               called
               S.
               German
               .
            
             
               Being
               stopt
               by
               the
               waters
               we
               were
               constrained
               to
               stay
               all
               night
               at
               Chivas
               ,
               
               no
               more
               then
               8
               miles
               forward
               .
            
             
               We
               got
               safe
               to
               Turino
               ,
               
               passing
               by
               the
               way
               many
               waters
               ,
               two
               we
               ferried
               over
               ,
               
                 viz
                 Orco
              
               and
               Stura
               .
            
             
               Turin
               ,
               
               anciently
               
                 Augusta
                 Taurinorum
              
               ,
               seated
               upon
               the
               River
               Padus
               or
               Po
               ,
               is
               no
               large
               City
               ,
               but
               by
               reason
               the
               Duke
               of
               Savoy
               usually
               keeps
               his
               Court
               there
               ,
               frequent
               and
               populous
               .
               The
               ancient
               buildings
               are
               not
               better
               than
               those
               of
               our
               English
               Towns
               :
               but
               there
               is
               one
               long
               street
               of
               new
               buildings
               tall
               and
               uniform
               ;
               and
               about
               the
               midst
               of
               it
               a
               large
               square
               Piazza
               ,
               having
               on
               each
               side
               a
               fair
               Cloyster
               ,
               very
               handsome
               and
               sightly
               .
               At
               one
               end
               of
               this
               street
               is
               another
               Piazza
               before
               the
               Dukes
               Palace
               ,
               a
               fair
               building
               but
               not
               yet
               finished
               .
               Heer
               is
               a
               Citadel
               with
               5
               bastions
               serving
               as
               well
               to
               bridle
               as
               defend
               the
               Town
               .
               Heer
               we
               met
               with
               some
               of
               the
               Protestants
               of
               the
               Valleys
               of
               Lucern
               and
               Angrona
               ,
               who
               told
               us
               that
               by
               the
               intercession
               of
               the
               Cantons
               of
               Zurich
               and
               Bern
               ,
               the
               Duke
               hath
               at
               present
               made
               an
               accord
               with
               them
               ,
               permitting
               them
               still
               to
               enjoy
               the
               liberty
               of
               their
               Religion
               .
               
               They
               dwel
               in
               14
               pagi
               or
               Villages
               ,
               have
               no
               Town
               ,
               are
               in
               number
               about
               15000
               souls
               ,
               and
               of
               them
               about
               2000
               fighting
               men
               .
               These
               are
               divided
               into
               14
               Companies
               under
               so
               many
               Captains
               ,
               among
               whom
               
                 Jean
                 Janneville
              
               is
               noted
               for
               a
               valiant
               man
               and
               a
               good
               Souldier
               .
               The
               Papists
               call
               these
               men
               Barbetti
               and
               Genevrini
               .
               They
               are
               the
               only
               Protestants
               in
               Italy
               ,
               and
               have
               maintained
               the
               purity
               of
               their
               Religion
               all
               along
               these
               1200
               years
               .
               They
               run
               over
               the
               mountains
               like
               chamois
               ,
               never
               shooting
               (
               if
               themselves
               may
               be
               believed
               )
               but
               they
               hit
               .
               They
               boasted
               to
               us
               that
               in
               the
               late
               War
               they
               had
               not
               lost
               above
               40
               or
               50
               men
               ,
               and
               had
               killed
               500
               of
               the
               Dukes
               ;
               nevertheless
               the
               Duke
               hath
               built
               a
               strong
               fortress
               at
               a
               place
               called
               
                 La
                 torre
              
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               City
               of
               Turin
               hath
               an
               University
               ,
               and
               boasts
               to
               have
               been
               the
               first
               that
               brought
               the
               use
               of
               Printing
               into
               Italy
               .
               All
               provisions
               are
               plentiful
               and
               cheap
               there
               ,
               the
               Countrey
               round
               about
               being
               very
               rich
               and
               fertile
               .
               Indeed
               the
               whole
               Principality
               of
               Piemont
               is
               esteemed
               inferiour
               to
               no
               part
               of
               Italy
               for
               pleasantness
               ,
               and
               plenty
               of
               Corn
               ,
               Cattel
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Fruit
               ,
               Hemp
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               Metals
               ,
               and
               almost
               every
               thing
               necessary
               for
               humane
               life
               :
               and
               withal
               it
               is
               so
               populous
               ,
               that
               the
               Italians
               use
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               the
               Duke
               of
               Savoy
               hath
               only
               one
               City
               in
               Italy
               of
               300
               miles
               in
               compass
               .
               It
               hath
               8
               Episcopal
               Cities
               and
               150
               Towns.
               The
               Inhabitants
               are
               more
               given
               to
               Husbandry
               than
               Merchandise
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               land
               is
               no
               where
               better
               cultivated
               then
               in
               Piemont
               .
               They
               are
               also
               very
               affectionate
               to
               their
               Prince
               ,
               and
               for
               his
               honour
               and
               safety
               ready
               upon
               all
               occasions
               to
               venture
               their
               lives
               and
               fortunes
               .
               Leti
               saith
               that
               they
               are
               good
               Souldiers
               ,
               expert
               in
               warlike
               exercises
               ,
               and
               so
               valiant
               that
               they
               will
               rather
               die
               than
               turn
               their
               backs
               .
               Of
               the
               riches
               of
               this
               Countrey
               we
               may
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               take
               an
               estimate
               by
               the
               late
               Wars
               which
               continued
               for
               23
               years
               ,
               during
               which
               time
               were
               maintained
               by
               the
               Duke
               in
               Garrison
               ,
               and
               in
               
               the
               field
               between
               25
               and
               30
               thousand
               Souldiers
               ,
               for
               the
               most
               part
               without
               any
               assistance
               or
               supplies
               of
               money
               or
               men
               from
               any
               other
               place
               but
               Piemont
               ;
               which
               besides
               all
               this
               contributed
               to
               the
               Duke
               in
               15
               years
               11
               millions
               .
               The
               same
               Author
               saith
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               in
               Piemont
               as
               in
               other
               Countreys
               ,
               wherein
               there
               are
               some
               persons
               excessive
               rich
               ,
               but
               the
               generality
               of
               the
               people
               extremely
               poor
               :
               but
               on
               the
               contrary
               the
               Piemontese
               are
               generally
               well
               to
               live
               ,
               and
               there
               are
               very
               few
               among
               them
               of
               extraordinary
               estates
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Duke
               he
               by
               all
               mens
               confession
               keeps
               a
               splendid
               and
               regal
               Court
               ,
               answerable
               to
               his
               Title
               of
               Royal
               Highness
               .
               His
               annual
               Revenue
               is
               said
               to
               be
               a
               million
               of
               gold
               :
               according
               to
               Leti
               1800000
               crowns
               ;
               of
               which
               Piemont
               alone
               yields
               1400000.
               
               He
               is
               able
               to
               bring
               into
               the
               Field
               30000
               Foot
               ,
               and
               5000
               Horse
               ,
               and
               yet
               leave
               enough
               at
               home
               to
               guard
               the
               Countrey
               .
               The
               States
               which
               the
               Duke
               possesses
               in
               Italy
               are
               ,
               The
               Principality
               of
               Piemont
               ,
               The
               Marquesates
               of
               Saluzzes
               (
               which
               he
               had
               of
               the
               French
               in
               exchange
               for
               
                 la
                 Bresse
              
               )
               and
               of
               Asti
               ;
               the
               Duchy
               of
               Aosta
               ;
               the
               Countries
               or
               Earldoms
               of
               Nizza
               ,
               and
               of
               Vercelli
               .
            
             
               The
               present
               Dukes
               name
               is
               
                 Carolus
                 Emmanuel
              
               ,
               son
               of
               
                 Victor
                 Amideus
              
               :
               he
               was
               at
               the
               time
               of
               our
               being
               there
               about
               thirty
               years
               of
               age
               ;
               and
               was
               then
               in
               mourning
               for
               his
               Duchess
               
                 Francesca
                 Borbona
              
               ,
               and
               his
               Mother
               
                 Christiana
                 di
                 Francia
              
               whom
               they
               call
               Madam
               Royal
               ,
               who
               were
               lately
               dead
               .
               He
               hath
               two
               or
               three
               handsome
               Palaces
               near
               the
               City
               ,
               adorned
               with
               rich
               Hangings
               ,
               goòd
               Pictures
               and
               other
               Furniture
               .
               1.
               
               That
               called
               the
               Venery
               ,
               or
               hunting
               Palace
               lately
               built
               .
               2.
               
               Millefiore
               .
               3.
               
               Valentine
               .
            
             
               The
               making
               of
               oil'd
               cloth
               for
               Hoods
               ,
               Hat-cases
               ,
               and
               Coats
               to
               fence
               off
               the
               rain
               ,
               was
               first
               invented
               at
               Turin
               by
               one
               
                 Giacomo
                 Marigi
              
               ,
               and
               is
               still
               held
               as
               a
               secret
               by
               them
               ,
               though
               now
               it
               be
               done
               in
               other
               places
               as
               well
               as
               there
               .
            
             
             
               We
               took
               horses
               and
               a
               guide
               at
               Turin
               for
               Genua
               ,
               
               which
               we
               reacht
               at
               three
               days
               end
               .
               About
               a
               mile
               below
               Turin
               we
               past
               the
               River
               Po
               (
               which
               heer
               begins
               to
               be
               navigable
               )
               by
               a
               Bridge
               ,
               and
               after
               we
               had
               rode
               about
               a
               mile
               further
               ,
               by
               the
               Rivers
               side
               ,
               we
               mounted
               the
               hills
               under
               which
               the
               River
               heerabout
               runs
               ,
               which
               are
               very
               steep
               and
               difficult
               to
               ascend
               .
               Not
               far
               from
               the
               foot
               of
               these
               Mountains
               ,
               in
               the
               Woods
               wherewith
               they
               are
               covered
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               ditches
               by
               the
               way
               side
               ,
               I
               observed
               growing
               wild
               ,
               *
               
                 Dens
                 caninus
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Ger.
                 Leucoium
                 bulbosum
                 vulgare
                 C.
                 B.
                 Dentaria
                 aphyllos
              
               Clus
               .
               sive
               
                 Anblatum
                 Cordi
                 .
                 Doronicum
                 vulgare
                 J.
                 B.
                 Hepaticum
                 Trifolium
                 Lob.
                 Hyacinthus
                 botryodes
                 2
              
               Clus
               .
               This
               grow
               plentifully
               on
               the
               banks
               and
               borders
               of
               the
               Corn-fields
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               way
               sides
               all
               along
               as
               we
               rode
               from
               Turin
               to
               Genua
               .
               At
               5
               miles
               distance
               from
               Turin
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               pretty
               large
               Town
               called
               Chier
               ,
               where
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               a
               triumphant
               Arch
               erected
               to
               
                 Victor
                 Amadeus
              
               Father
               to
               the
               present
               Duke
               of
               Savoy
               .
               About
               4
               miles
               further
               we
               passed
               by
               a
               walled
               Town
               called
               
                 Villa
                 nova
              
               ;
               
               and
               this
               first
               night
               lodged
               at
               Aste
               ,
               a
               large
               Town
               ,
               but
               that
               seemed
               to
               us
               to
               be
               poor
               and
               decaying
               ,
               20
               miles
               distant
               from
               Turin
               .
            
             
               We
               proceeded
               on
               our
               journey
               as
               far
               as
               Nove
               ,
               
               a
               pretty
               large
               Town
               under
               the
               Genoese
               ,
               27
               Piemont
               miles
               distant
               from
               Aste
               ;
               I
               think
               they
               may
               well
               pass
               for
               35
               English
               .
               About
               4
               miles
               from
               Aste
               upon
               the
               bank
               of
               the
               River
               Tanar
               (
               which
               is
               there
               very
               high
               )
               and
               on
               the
               sands
               under
               the
               bank
               we
               found
               great
               variety
               of
               petrified
               shells
               ,
               as
               
                 Oysters
                 ,
                 Scallops
                 ,
                 Cochles
              
               ,
               &c.
               as
               also
               
                 tubuli
                 striati
              
               ,
               call'd
               by
               some
               Antales
               ,
               which
               Seignior
               Rosaccio
               a
               Mountebank
               in
               Venice
               first
               shewed
               us
               :
               Belemnites
               and
               other
               rare
               sorts
               of
               stones
               .
               In
               the
               Corn-fields
               we
               passed
               through
               we
               observed
               *
               
                 Ornithogalum
                 luteum
                 C.
                 B.
              
               in
               great
               plenty
               now
               in
               
               flower
               .
               This
               day
               we
               passed
               by
               a
               large
               Village
               called
               Non
               ,
               and
               another
               which
               had
               formerly
               been
               walled
               ,
               called
               Felizan
               :
               then
               Alexandria
               ,
               an
               large
               Town
               upon
               the
               River
               Tanar
               ,
               of
               more
               strength
               than
               beauty
               ;
               the
               buildings
               both
               public
               and
               private
               being
               generally
               but
               mean.
               It
               was
               so
               called
               in
               honour
               of
               Pope
               Alexander
               III
               ;
               because
               in
               his
               time
               it
               was
               peopled
               by
               the
               Milanese
               ,
               whose
               City
               was
               then
               almost
               quite
               destroyed
               ad
               made
               desolate
               by
               the
               Emperour
               
                 Frederic
                 Barbarossa
              
               ,
               for
               siding
               with
               the
               Pope
               against
               him
               .
               The
               River
               (
               which
               seemed
               to
               me
               as
               large
               as
               the
               Po
               at
               Turin
               )
               divides
               the
               City
               in
               two
               parts
               ,
               which
               are
               joyned
               together
               by
               a
               fair
               brick-bridge
               .
               In
               our
               passage
               through
               the
               Town
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               a
               triumphal
               Arch
               erected
               to
               Philip
               IV.
               King
               of
               Spain
               upon
               his
               marriage
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               from
               Nove
               to
               Genna
               30
               miles
               all
               over
               mountains
               .
               
               About
               6
               miles
               from
               Nove
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               handsom
               little
               walled
               Town
               ,
               called
               Gavi
               ,
               
               where
               there
               is
               a
               strong
               castle
               on
               a
               hill
               over
               the
               Town
               ;
               and
               about
               6
               miles
               further
               onward
               ,
               another
               elegant
               and
               well-built
               Town
               called
               Voltagio
               .
               
               From
               hence
               we
               ascended
               continually
               for
               about
               7
               or
               8
               miles
               till
               we
               came
               to
               the
               top
               of
               a
               very
               high
               hill
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               had
               a
               prospect
               of
               Genua
               and
               the
               Sea.
               Then
               we
               descended
               constantly
               till
               we
               came
               to
               the
               City
               .
               In
               all
               this
               way
               we
               met
               with
               and
               overtook
               Mules
               and
               Asses
               going
               to
               and
               returning
               from
               Genua
               ,
               to
               the
               number
               of
               500
               or
               600
               or
               more
               .
               Between
               Gavi
               and
               Voltagio
               we
               observed
               
                 Dens
                 caninus
              
               with
               a
               white
               flower
               ;
               and
               all
               along
               on
               the
               mountains
               from
               Gavi
               to
               
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 stoechas
                 citrina
                 altera
                 tenuifolia
                 sive
                 Italica
                 J.
                 B.
              
               as
               also
               
                 Psyllium
                 majus
                 semper
                 virens
                 ,
                 &
                 sedi
                 minoris
                 species
                 flore
                 albo
                 quadrifolio
                 ,
              
               now
               in
               flower
               .
               
                 Petasites
                 flore
                 albo
              
               on
               the
               side
               of
               a
               mountain
               about
               6
               miles
               from
               Voltagio
               in
               the
               way
               to
               
                 Genoa
                 .
                 Erica
                 arborescens
                 Monspeliensis
                 flore
                 purpurascente
                 ramulis
                 ternis
                 J.
                 B.
              
               by
               way
               sides
               abundantly
               from
               Gavi
               to
               
               Genoa
               .
               It
               is
               a
               stately
               plant
               ,
               the
               tallest
               of
               this
               kind
               ,
               arising
               to
               the
               stature
               and
               bigness
               of
               broom
               heerabout
               ;
               near
               Monpellier
               it
               is
               less
               .
            
             
               We
               viewed
               Genua
               ,
               
               which
               for
               the
               building
               of
               it
               is
               certainly
               the
               most
               stately
               and
               ,
               according
               to
               its
               Epithete
               ,
               superb
               City
               in
               all
               Italy
               .
               The
               houses
               are
               generally
               tall
               ,
               scarce
               a
               mean
               house
               to
               be
               seen
               in
               Town
               .
               The
               New-street
               answers
               the
               fame
               that
               goeth
               of
               it
               .
               It
               is
               but
               short
               ,
               consisting
               only
               of
               8
               or
               10
               Palaces
               ,
               built
               of
               marble
               ,
               very
               sumptuous
               and
               magnific
               ,
               the
               meanest
               of
               them
               )
               as
               Cluverius
               saith
               )
               being
               able
               to
               receive
               and
               lodge
               the
               greatest
               Prince
               and
               his
               Retinue
               .
               The
               only
               deformity
               of
               this
               City
               is
               the
               narrowness
               of
               the
               streets
               unanswerable
               to
               the
               tallness
               of
               the
               houses
               ;
               and
               yet
               they
               are
               made
               so
               on
               purpose
               ,
               partly
               to
               save
               ground
               ,
               which
               heer
               is
               precious
               ;
               and
               partly
               to
               keep
               off
               the
               scorching
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               in
               Summer
               time
               ,
               for
               the
               conveniency
               of
               walking
               cool
               ;
               for
               which
               reason
               I
               have
               observed
               many
               of
               the
               ancient
               Towns
               of
               Italy
               and
               
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensis
              
               to
               have
               their
               streets
               made
               very
               narrow
               .
               This
               City
               lies
               under
               the
               mountains
               exposed
               to
               the
               South
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               must
               needs
               be
               very
               hot
               in
               Summer
               ,
               as
               witness
               the
               Orange
               and
               Olive
               trees
               which
               grow
               so
               plentifully
               heer
               ,
               that
               they
               can
               afford
               those
               fruits
               at
               easie
               rates
               ,
               and
               drive
               therewith
               a
               great
               trade
               ,
               furnishing
               with
               Oranges
               Florence
               and
               a
               good
               part
               of
               Tuscany
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               sending
               them
               into
               England
               .
               It
               is
               built
               in
               form
               of
               a
               Theater
               ,
               or
               Crescent
               ,
               encompassed
               with
               a
               double
               wall
               toward
               the
               land
               .
               The
               exterior
               or
               new
               wall
               of
               a
               great
               highth
               and
               thickness
               passes
               over
               the
               top
               of
               mountains
               ,
               and
               takes
               in
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               void
               ground
               .
            
             
               The
               famous
               new
               mole
               ,
               which
               now
               makes
               this
               a
               secure
               Harbour
               ,
               is
               said
               to
               have
               cost
               as
               much
               as
               the
               new
               wall
               :
               for
               a
               work
               of
               that
               nature
               I
               believe
               it
               is
               not
               to
               be
               parallel'd
               in
               the
               whole
               world
               .
               The
               manners
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               are
               not
               answerable
               to
               the
               
               beauty
               of
               their
               houses
               ;
               they
               being
               noted
               among
               their
               own
               Countrey-men
               the
               Italians
               for
               proud
               ,
               unfaithful
               ,
               revengeful
               ,
               uncivil
               to
               Strangers
               ,
               and
               horribly
               exacting
               .
               There
               goeth
               a
               proverbial
               saying
               of
               Genoa
               ,
               that
               it
               hath
               ,
               
                 montagne
                 senza
                 alberi
                 ,
                 mare
                 senza
                 pesce
                 ,
                 huomini
                 senza
                 fede
                 &
                 donne
                 senza
                 vergogna
                 ,
              
               that
               is
               ,
               
                 Mountains
                 without
                 trees
                 ,
                 a
                 Sea
                 without
                 fish
                 ,
                 Men
                 without
                 faith
                 ,
                 and
                 Women
                 without
                 shame
                 .
              
               The
               number
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               must
               needs
               be
               great
               ,
               they
               having
               lost
               in
               the
               last
               great
               Plague
               (
               as
               we
               were
               credibly
               informed
               )
               to
               the
               number
               of
               80000
               souls
               .
               The
               chief
               Trade
               of
               the
               Town
               is
               Silks
               and
               Velvets
               ;
               they
               make
               also
               prety
               turned
               works
               of
               Coral
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               of
               it
               according
               to
               the
               new
               laws
               made
               by
               the
               Popes
               Legate
               ,
               and
               the
               Emperors
               and
               King
               of
               Spains
               Embassadors
               ,
               not
               long
               after
               the
               time
               of
               
                 Andreas
                 Doria
              
               ,
               is
               on
               this
               wise
               .
               There
               is
               1.
               a
               Duke
               ,
               who
               continues
               in
               office
               2
               years
               .
               2.
               
               Two
               Collegia
               ;
               one
               of
               Governatori
               (
               as
               they
               term
               them
               )
               the
               other
               of
               Procuratori
               .
               The
               Governatori
               12
               ,
               the
               Procuratori
               8
               ,
               all
               elected
               ,
               besides
               those
               that
               of
               course
               come
               in
               for
               their
               lives
               .
               3.
               
               A
               greater
               Council
               of
               400.
               4.
               
               A
               lesser
               Council
               of
               100.
               5.
               
               A
               Seminary
               for
               the
               2
               Collegia
               of
               120.
               
               The
               2
               Collegia
               of
               Governatori
               and
               Procuratori
               ,
               are
               as
               it
               were
               the
               chief
               Senate
               or
               Privy
               Council
               or
               House
               of
               Lords
               ;
               and
               are
               chosen
               twice
               a
               year
               ,
               viz.
               about
               the
               middle
               of
               June
               and
               about
               the
               middle
               of
               December
               ,
               after
               this
               manner
               .
               All
               the
               Seminarium
               of
               120
               have
               their
               names
               together
               with
               their
               surnames
               and
               fathers
               names
               written
               in
               little
               scrolls
               of
               parchment
               ,
               an
               put
               into
               an
               iron
               box
               ,
               which
               is
               kept
               very
               securely
               under
               many
               locks
               .
               When
               the
               time
               of
               election
               comes
               this
               box
               is
               brought
               forth
               before
               the
               Duke
               ,
               the
               2
               Collegia
               ,
               and
               the
               lesser
               Council
               .
               Then
               a
               boy
               ,
               who
               must
               be
               under
               ten
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               puts
               his
               hand
               into
               the
               box
               ,
               and
               draws
               out
               5
               scrolls
               ,
               which
               are
               read
               ,
               and
               the
               3
               first
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               
               capable
               ,
               are
               Governatori
               ,
               the
               2
               last
               Procuratori
               .
               If
               a
               man
               be
               100
               miles
               off
               the
               City
               he
               is
               uncapable
               of
               being
               elected
               for
               that
               time
               .
               Likewise
               two
               of
               the
               same
               family
               cannot
               be
               Procuratori
               or
               Governatori
               together
               .
               Therefore
               if
               the
               two
               first
               that
               are
               drawn
               out
               or
               the
               two
               second
               be
               of
               the
               same
               family
               ,
               the
               first
               is
               Governator
               ,
               and
               the
               second
               Procurator
               :
               if
               the
               two
               last
               be
               of
               the
               same
               family
               ,
               the
               first
               drawn
               out
               is
               a
               Procurator
               ,
               and
               the
               second
               is
               returned
               into
               the
               box
               again
               ,
               and
               the
               boy
               draws
               out
               another
               .
               So
               that
               every
               six
               months
               five
               are
               chosen
               into
               the
               Collegia
               ,
               and
               five
               go
               out
               ,
               and
               every
               one
               stays
               in
               office
               two
               years
               .
               In
               the
               
                 Collegium
                 Procuratorum
              
               ,
               besides
               the
               8
               ,
               are
               all
               those
               who
               have
               been
               Dukes
               ,
               and
               are
               gone
               out
               of
               office
               ,
               who
               (
               
                 modò
                 benè
                 se
                 gesserint
              
               )
               continue
               Procuratori
               during
               their
               lives
               .
            
             
               To
               supply
               or
               make
               up
               the
               Seminarium
               120
               ,
               every
               year
               in
               the
               stead
               of
               those
               who
               are
               dead
               ,
               made
               uncapable
               ,
               or
               chosen
               into
               the
               2
               Collegia
               ,
               the
               lesser
               Council
               chuses
               a
               double
               number
               ,
               all
               which
               must
               have
               3
               suffrages
               of
               5.
               
               And
               out
               of
               these
               the
               greater
               Council
               chuse
               half
               by
               the
               major
               vote
               .
            
             
               For
               chusing
               the
               Councils
               both
               greater
               and
               lesser
               ,
               the
               
                 lesser
                 Council
              
               in
               presence
               of
               the
               Duke
               and
               2
               Collegia
               chuse
               30
               Electors
               ,
               (
               all
               which
               must
               be
               of
               the
               Nobility
               )
               by
               3
               suffrages
               of
               5.
               
               These
               30
               chuse
               both
               the
               greater
               and
               
                 lesser
                 Council
              
               ,
               but
               the
               lesser
               out
               of
               the
               number
               of
               the
               greater
               ,
               by
               a
               like
               proportion
               of
               suffrages
               .
               The
               
                 greater
                 Council
              
               is
               assembled
               upon
               important
               occasions
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               Duke
               and
               2
               Collegia
               makes
               the
               supreme
               power
               :
               The
               
                 lesser
                 Council
              
               takes
               care
               of
               the
               lesser
               and
               ordinary
               concerns
               of
               the
               City
               and
               Common-wealth
               .
               Those
               who
               are
               capable
               of
               being
               chosen
               into
               the
               
                 greater
                 Council
              
               must
               be
               25
               years
               of
               age
               ;
               only
               the
               30
               Electors
               may
               ,
               if
               they
               please
               or
               see
               it
               expedient
               ,
               chuse
               to
               the
               number
               of
               60
               who
               are
               but
               22
               years
               old
               .
               Of
               the
               
                 lesser
                 Council
              
               the
               one
               half
               must
               be
               30
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               the
               others
               at
               least
               27
               ,
               
               excepting
               Doctors
               of
               Law
               and
               Physic
               ,
               who
               if
               they
               be
               well
               qualified
               may
               be
               chosen
               two
               years
               younger
               .
               Those
               who
               are
               capable
               of
               being
               chosen
               into
               the
               Seminarium
               must
               be
               40
               years
               of
               age
               .
            
             
               The
               choice
               of
               the
               Duke
               is
               in
               this
               manner
               .
               The
               
                 great
                 Council
              
               being
               assembled
               there
               are
               put
               into
               an
               Urn
               10
               golden
               balls
               marked
               with
               10
               several
               letters
               .
            
             
               One
               of
               these
               being
               drawn
               out
               is
               shewn
               to
               the
               Conservators
               of
               the
               Laws
               ,
               who
               thereupon
               put
               into
               another
               Urn
               standing
               by
               the
               Dukes
               throne
               50
               golden
               balls
               marked
               with
               the
               same
               letter
               *
               ,
               and
               50
               silver
               balls
               .
               These
               being
               shaken
               together
               ,
               the
               
                 lesser
                 Council
              
               of
               100
               ,
               excluding
               the
               2
               Collegia
               ,
               draw
               out
               each
               man
               a
               ball
               .
               He
               that
               draws
               out
               a
               golden
               ball
               shews
               it
               to
               the
               Censors
               ,
               who
               sit
               by
               ,
               and
               presently
               writes
               in
               a
               scroll
               of
               paper
               the
               name
               of
               him
               whom
               he
               thinks
               fit
               to
               nominate
               for
               Duke
               and
               goes
               out
               of
               the
               Council
               .
               When
               all
               the
               golden
               balls
               are
               drawn
               out
               ,
               the
               two
               Collegia
               bring
               them
               into
               order
               ,
               and
               count
               them
               over
               ,
               and
               if
               the
               number
               of
               the
               nominated
               amount
               to
               20
               then
               they
               are
               propounded
               to
               the
               
                 greater
                 Council
              
               ,
               who
               out
               of
               them
               by
               major
               vote
               chuse
               15.
               
               Out
               of
               these
               15
               the
               
                 lesser
                 Council
              
               chuse
               6
               by
               3
               suffrages
               of
               5.
               
               Out
               of
               these
               6
               again
               by
               major
               vote
               the
               
                 greater
                 Council
              
               chuse
               the
               Duke
               .
               These
               suffrages
               are
               all
               occult
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               given
               by
               putting
               of
               balls
               into
               balloting
               boxes
               .
               If
               in
               the
               
                 greater
                 Council
              
               for
               any
               person
               the
               negative
               and
               affirmative
               suffrages
               are
               equal
               ,
               then
               5
               by
               lot
               are
               to
               be
               put
               out
               of
               the
               Council
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               to
               ballot
               again
               .
               Many
               other
               provisions
               there
               are
               in
               case
               of
               equality
               or
               disagreement
               ,
               &c.
               
               Nothing
               can
               be
               propounded
               in
               Council
               but
               by
               the
               Duke
               ,
               who
               during
               the
               time
               of
               his
               regency
               lives
               in
               the
               Palace
               ,
               and
               hath
               (
               according
               to
               Sansovinus
               )
               a
               guard
               of
               500
               Suitzers
               .
            
             
               The
               Office
               of
               S.
               George
               is
               (
               as
               far
               as
               I
               understand
               it
               )
               nothing
               but
               a
               company
               of
               Bankers
               ,
               which
               lend
               money
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               for
               which
               they
               are
               
               allowed
               so
               much
               
                 per
                 cent
              
               .
               and
               have
               assigned
               to
               them
               the
               publick
               gabells
               and
               other
               revenues
               ,
               and
               for
               their
               further
               security
               have
               also
               the
               Island
               of
               Corsica
               engaged
               to
               them
               .
               This
               company
               chuse
               yearly
               out
               of
               their
               own
               number
               8
               protectors
               ,
               who
               are
               to
               take
               care
               of
               and
               manage
               the
               affairs
               of
               all
               the
               Creditors
               .
               Into
               this
               bank
               strangers
               usually
               put
               in
               money
               and
               so
               become
               of
               the
               Company
               ,
               for
               which
               they
               receive
               yearly
               interest
               ,
               proportionable
               to
               the
               improvement
               made
               of
               the
               whole
               stock
               of
               moneys
               then
               in
               bank
               .
            
             
               The
               public
               Revenue
               of
               this
               State
               is
               said
               by
               some
               to
               be
               120000
               crowns
               
                 per
                 annum
              
               ,
               and
               yet
               scarce
               sufficient
               to
               defray
               the
               public
               expences
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               many
               private
               Citizens
               heer
               very
               rich
               .
               The
               Republic
               is
               thought
               to
               be
               able
               to
               raise
               an
               Army
               ,
               of
               30000
               men
               ,
               and
               to
               set
               out
               to
               Sea
               12
               Gallies
               and
               20
               Ships
               of
               War.
               They
               hold
               good
               correspondence
               with
               all
               Christian
               Princes
               and
               States
               excepting
               the
               Duke
               of
               Savoy
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               pretence
               to
               the
               City
               of
               Savona
               .
            
             
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 Cliffs
                 about
                 the
              
               Pharos
               
                 or
                 watch
                 tower
                 and
                 near
                 it
                 we
                 found
                 these
                 plants
                 :
              
               Trifolium
               bituminosum
               Ger.
               Jacobaea
               marina
               Ger.
               Conyza
               major
               Monspeliensis
               odorata
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Alaternus
               ;
               Carduus
               galactites
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Thymum
               vulgare
               rigidius
               folio
               cinereo
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Geranium
               folio
               Anthaeae
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Thlaspi
               Alysson
               dictum
               maritimum
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Lotus
               Libyca
               Dalechampii
               ;
               Lotus
               pentaphyllos
               siliquosus
               villosus
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Smilax
               aspera
               ;
               Adianthum
               sive
               Capillus
               veneris
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Hyoscyamus
               albus
               Park
               .
               Haec
               species
               quàm
               in
               muris
               &
               rupibus
               circa
               Genuam
               frequentem
               vidimus
               ,
               folia
               habet
               breviora
               ,
               viridiora
               ,
               rotundiora
               ,
               minùs
               laciniata
               quam
               vulgaris
               niger
               ;
               florem
               minorem
               ,
               in
               nonnullis
               totum
               luteum
               ,
               in
               aliis
               plantis
               fundo
               obscurè
               purpureo
               .
               
                 On
                 the
                 walls
                 we
                 observed
                 Stock-July-flowers
                 growing
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 whether
                 springing
                 spontaneously
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 seed
                 casually
                 scattered
                 out
                 of
                 Gardens
                 we
                 cannot
                 determine
                 ;
                 likewise
              
               Globula
               Monspeliensum
               ,
               and
               Genista
               Hispanica
               
                 on
                 thè
                 
                 rocks
                 eastward
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 shores
                 we
                 found
                 cast
                 up
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 of
                 the
              
               ballae
               marinae
               
                 Sea-balls
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 little
                 round
                 lumps
                 ,
                 (
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 Tennis-balls
                 )
                 of
              
               Festucae
               amassed
               together
               ,
               which
               we
               supposed
               to
               be
               cast
               out
               of
               Fishes
               stomachs
               .
            
             
               We
               went
               in
               a
               Feluca
               from
               Genoa
               to
               
                 Porto
                 Venere
              
               ,
               
               and
               thence
               cross
               the
               bay
               of
               Spezzia
               to
               Lerici
               ,
               where
               we
               took
               post
               horses
               ,
               and
               rode
               that
               night
               to
               Massa
               ,
               passing
               through
               Sarzana
               ,
               a
               strong
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Genoese
               and
               a
               Frontier
               .
               
               Massa
               is
               but
               a
               small
               City
               ,
               yet
               hath
               it
               a
               Prince
               of
               its
               own
               ,
               who
               is
               Lord
               also
               of
               Carrara
               ,
               whose
               chief
               Revenues
               arise
               from
               the
               marble
               quarries
               .
               The
               Prince
               is
               by
               birth
               a
               Genoese
               ,
               of
               the
               family
               of
               Cybo
               .
               Over
               the
               Town
               gate
               we
               observed
               this
               inscription
               ,
               
                 Albericus
                 Cybo
                 Malaspina
                 Sacri
                 Romani
                 imperii
                 ,
                 civitatisque
                 Massae
                 princeps
                 .
              
            
             
               We
               rode
               on
               to
               Luca
               in
               a
               Valley
               by
               the
               foot
               of
               hills
               over
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               moorish
               and
               boggy
               ground
               ,
               
               through
               a
               Countrey
               not
               well
               inhabited
               .
               We
               passed
               through
               
                 Pietra
                 Santa
              
               ,
               
               a
               Town
               belonging
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Florence
               ,
               but
               utterly
               disjoynted
               from
               the
               rest
               of
               his
               state
               by
               the
               interposition
               of
               the
               Territory
               of
               Luca.
               In
               this
               journey
               I
               observed
               the
               following
               plants
               .
               
                 Scrophularia
                 Vrticae
                 folio
              
               C.
               B.
               which
               I
               found
               also
               plentifully
               upon
               the
               walls
               of
               
                 Pisa
                 .
                 Orchis
                 macrophylla
              
               .
               Col.
               between
               Massa
               and
               
                 Sarzana
                 .
                 Moly
                 parvum
                 caule
                 triangulo
              
               ibid.
               
                 Narcissus
                 medioluteus
                 polyanthos
              
               Ger.
               among
               the
               corn
               plentifully
               all
               along
               as
               we
               rode
               ,
               now
               in
               flower
               .
               On
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Mountains
               between
               Massa
               and
               
                 Luca
                 ,
                 Antirrhinum
                 luteo
                 flore
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Tithymalus
                 dendroides
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Lentiscus
                 ;
                 Anagyris
                 sive
                 Laburnum
                 ;
                 Colutea
                 vesicaria
                 ,
                 Colutea
                 scorpioides
                 ,
                 Ruta
                 sylvestris
                 maj
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Laurus
                 vulgaris
                 ;
                 Teucrium
              
               ;
               On
               ditch
               banks
               and
               in
               shadow
               places
               by
               the
               way
               side
               
                 Arisarum
                 latifolium
              
               Clus
               .
               and
               
                 Aristolochia
                 longa
              
               .
               A
               sort
               of
               Dentaria
               aphyllos
               with
               a
               purple
               flower
               ,
               covering
               
               the
               ground
               with
               a
               thick
               tuft
               almost
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Housleek
               ,
               having
               scarce
               any
               stalk
               .
            
             
               
                 Lychnis
                 surrecta
                 folio
                 angustissimo
                 ,
                 floro
                 rubello
                 ,
              
               among
               flax
               .
               
                 Ornithogalum
                 vulgare
              
               Ger.
               among
               the
               corn
               plentifully
               .
               
                 Cyclamen
                 vernum
              
               ,
               good
               store
               among
               shrubs
               upon
               the
               hills
               sides
               ,
               now
               in
               flower
               .
               
                 Myrtus
                 minor
                 vulgaris
                 ;
                 Philyrrea
                 angustifolia
                 ;
                 Philyrrea
              
               3
               Clus
               .
               
                 Genista
                 Hispanica
              
               Ger.
               Upon
               the
               descent
               of
               the
               mountains
               4
               miles
               distant
               from
               
                 Luca
                 ,
                 Hesperis
                 sylvestris
                 latifolia
                 flore
                 albo
                 parvo
              
               Park
               .
               A
               kind
               of
               
                 Alsine
                 hirsuta
                 myosotis
              
               with
               a
               very
               large
               flower
               .
               A
               shrub
               like
               to
               
                 Guaiacum
                 Patavinum
              
               ,
               if
               not
               the
               same
               .
               A
               king
               of
               
                 Thlaspi
                 monospermos
              
               with
               a
               white
               flower
               ;
               
                 Sedum
                 minus
                 semine
                 stellato
                 ;
                 an
                 Sedum
                 echinatum
                 flare
                 luteo
              
               J.
               B.
               in
               rupibus
               &
               aggeribus
               sepium
               .
               
                 Alsine
                 foliis
                 hederac●is
                 Rutae
                 modo
                 divisis
              
               Lob.
               
                 Anemone
                 tuberosa
                 radice
              
               Ger.
               now
               in
               flower
               .
               Near
               
                 Porto
                 Venere
                 ,
                 Alsine
                 folio
                 crasso
                 .
              
            
             
               Luca
               is
               no
               great
               City
               ,
               Sansovinus
               saith
               2
               miles
               round
               ,
               (
               but
               I
               take
               it
               to
               be
               three
               or
               more
               )
               yet
               is
               it
               very
               populous
               ,
               containing
               within
               its
               walls
               in
               Sansovinus
               his
               time
               about
               34000
               persons
               ;
               which
               number
               I
               believe
               is
               now
               much
               encreased
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               freedom
               and
               ease
               the
               subjects
               enjoy
               under
               this
               Government
               above
               their
               neighbours
               of
               Tuscany
               .
               It
               is
               situate
               in
               a
               pleasant
               Valley
               ,
               well
               fortified
               ,
               the
               walls
               and
               bulwarks
               both
               very
               strong
               and
               in
               good
               repair
               ;
               the
               mounts
               and
               platforms
               stored
               with
               great
               Guns
               ;
               several
               half
               Moons
               of
               earth
               without
               the
               walls
               :
               The
               walls
               themselves
               planted
               with
               rows
               of
               trees
               ,
               and
               we
               permitted
               to
               walk
               them
               without
               scruple
               or
               question
               .
               The
               buildings
               of
               the
               City
               good
               ;
               the
               Churches
               though
               not
               great
               ,
               yet
               as
               well
               kept
               and
               handsomely
               adorned
               within
               side
               as
               a
               man
               shall
               see
               any
               :
               The
               streets
               cleanly
               and
               well
               paved
               ;
               in
               a
               word
               all
               things
               both
               within
               and
               without
               the
               City
               very
               trim
               and
               polite
               .
               Both
               Citizens
               and
               Countreymen
               are
               very
               courteous
               and
               well
               manner'd
               ,
               and
               seem
               both
               by
               their
               
               habit
               and
               address
               ,
               and
               the
               chearfulness
               of
               their
               looks
               ,
               to
               live
               more
               freely
               and
               in
               better
               condition
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               more
               spirit
               and
               courage
               then
               the
               other
               people
               of
               Italy
               .
               That
               they
               live
               more
               freely
               and
               in
               better
               circumstances
               then
               their
               neighbours
               ,
               themselves
               are
               sensible
               ,
               and
               thereupon
               so
               well
               affected
               to
               their
               Governours
               ,
               and
               studious
               to
               maintain
               their
               liberty
               ,
               that
               upon
               giving
               them
               a
               token
               by
               making
               a
               fire
               upon
               one
               of
               the
               towers
               all
               the
               Countreymen
               run
               presently
               to
               the
               City
               ,
               so
               that
               in
               2
               or
               3
               hours
               time
               they
               can
               have
               ready
               30000
               men
               in
               Arms
               :
               And
               withal
               they
               are
               so
               couragious
               and
               stout
               ,
               that
               they
               seem
               to
               have
               no
               fear
               at
               all
               of
               the
               Duke
               of
               Tuscany
               their
               potent
               neighbour
               ,
               but
               told
               us
               ,
               that
               if
               their
               Governours
               would
               lead
               them
               ,
               they
               would
               not
               fear
               to
               march
               up
               to
               the
               very
               Gates
               of
               Florence
               .
            
             
               That
               liberty
               doth
               naturally
               beget
               courage
               and
               valour
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               contrary
               slavery
               and
               oppression
               break
               and
               debase
               mens
               spirits
               ,
               is
               so
               clear
               in
               experience
               ,
               that
               I
               need
               not
               go
               about
               to
               prove
               it
               .
               And
               yet
               were
               it
               not
               so
               ,
               it
               is
               no
               wonder
               that
               men
               who
               find
               themselves
               well
               at
               ease
               ,
               and
               have
               something
               to
               lose
               or
               are
               at
               least
               in
               a
               capacity
               of
               growing
               rich
               if
               not
               already
               so
               ,
               should
               be
               very
               loth
               to
               change
               their
               condition
               for
               a
               worse
               ,
               and
               stoutly
               defend
               themselves
               against
               any
               that
               should
               endeavour
               to
               bring
               them
               under
               the
               yoke
               ;
               whereas
               those
               that
               are
               oppressed
               and
               aggrieved
               having
               nothing
               to
               lose
               ,
               and
               being
               already
               in
               as
               bad
               a
               condition
               as
               they
               are
               like
               to
               be
               under
               any
               other
               Government
               ,
               must
               needs
               have
               little
               heart
               to
               fight
               for
               their
               Princes
               ,
               and
               be
               indifferent
               which
               way
               things
               go
               .
            
             
               The
               women
               are
               not
               so
               strictly
               guarded
               and
               confined
               as
               in
               other
               Cities
               of
               Italy
               ,
               but
               walk
               up
               and
               down
               more
               freely
               .
               They
               are
               many
               of
               them
               handsome
               and
               well-favoured
               ,
               and
               notwithstanding
               their
               liberty
               I
               think
               more
               modest
               then
               their
               neighbours
               :
               in
               their
               habit
               and
               attire
               they
               imitate
               somewhat
               the
               French
               fashions
               .
            
             
             
               This
               City
               is
               very
               vigilant
               and
               careful
               to
               preserve
               its
               liberty
               :
               Though
               they
               have
               3
               Gates
               they
               permit
               strangers
               to
               enter
               in
               and
               go
               out
               only
               at
               one
               ,
               that
               so
               they
               may
               more
               easily
               know
               what
               number
               are
               in
               the
               City
               ,
               for
               fear
               of
               a
               surprise
               .
               They
               permit
               none
               to
               walk
               about
               the
               streets
               so
               much
               as
               with
               a
               Sword
               ,
               unless
               he
               have
               license
               from
               the
               Antiani
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               is
               by
               a
               great
               Council
               of
               160
               annually
               chosen
               out
               of
               the
               Nobility
               ,
               (
               the
               commons
               having
               no
               interest
               or
               share
               therein
               )
               who
               must
               be
               all
               at
               least
               25
               years
               old
               ,
               nine
               Antiani
               and
               a
               Gonfaloniere
               .
               The
               Antiani
               and
               Gonfaloniere
               are
               chosen
               anew
               every
               two
               months
               .
               These
               are
               called
               the
               Signoria
               ,
               and
               must
               live
               in
               the
               Palace
               during
               the
               time
               of
               their
               office
               and
               authority
               .
               They
               have
               a
               guard
               of
               Switzers
               in
               the
               Palace
               of
               about
               80.
               
               The
               Gonfaloniere
               is
               the
               supreme
               officer
               ,
               yet
               hath
               little
               advantage
               above
               the
               rest
               more
               then
               his
               title
               and
               precedency
               ;
               and
               we
               were
               told
               that
               during
               his
               office
               he
               is
               exempted
               from
               all
               taxes
               and
               gabels
               ,
               which
               the
               Noblemen
               pay
               equally
               with
               the
               Commons
               .
               The
               City
               is
               divided
               into
               3
               parts
               called
               Terzieri
               ,
               each
               Terziero
               hath
               its
               Arms
               or
               Banner
               called
               Gonfalone
               ;
               whence
               the
               name
               Gonfaloniere
               .
               At
               the
               corners
               of
               each
               street
               are
               painted
               both
               the
               Arms
               and
               name
               of
               the
               Terziero
               ,
               and
               the
               Bulwark
               they
               are
               to
               defend
               .
               Out
               of
               each
               Terziero
               are
               chosen
               by
               the
               Council
               three
               Antiani
               .
            
             
               The
               public
               revenue
               is
               thought
               to
               be
               100000
               crowns
               
                 per
                 ann
              
               .
               The
               Olives
               that
               grow
               in
               this
               territory
               are
               reputed
               the
               best
               in
               all
               Italy
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               PISA
               .
            
             
               PISA
               was
               formerly
               ,
               so
               long
               as
               it
               continued
               a
               Free-state
               or
               Common-wealth
               ,
               a
               rich
               ,
               populous
               ,
               potent
               and
               flourishing
               City
               ;
               but
               since
               it
               hath
               come
               under
               the
               Florentine
               yoke
               it
               is
               become
               poor
               ,
               weak
               ,
               and
               almost
               desolate
               ,
               notwithstanding
               all
               the
               endeavours
               the
               Dukes
               of
               Tuscany
               have
               used
               to
               invite
               and
               draw
               people
               thither
               ,
               by
               founding
               an
               University
               ,
               setting
               up
               an
               order
               of
               Knighthood
               ,
               and
               building
               an
               Exchange
               for
               Merchants
               there
               .
               It
               is
               situate
               upon
               the
               River
               Arnus
               in
               a
               fenny
               level
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               air
               must
               needs
               be
               bad
               and
               unwholesome
               for
               such
               as
               are
               not
               born
               there
               .
               The
               most
               remarkable
               things
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               in
               this
               City
               were
               1.
               
               The
               Church
               of
               the
               Knights
               of
               S.
               Stephen
               ,
               an
               Order
               founded
               by
               Cosmus
               the
               first
               great
               Duke
               of
               Tuscany
               .
               2.
               
               The
               house
               of
               Bart●lus
               now
               made
               a
               College
               for
               Students
               in
               Law
               and
               Philosophy
               ,
               and
               thereon
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               
                 Ferdinandus
                 Medices
                 magnus
                 Dux
                 Etr.
                 III.
                 bas
                 aedes
                 quas
                 olim
                 Bartolus
                 Juris
                 interpres
                 celeberr
                 .
                 incoluit
                 nune
                 renovatas
                 &
                 instructas
                 adolescentibus
                 qui
                 ad
                 Philosophorum
                 &
                 Juris
                 consultorum
                 Scholas
                 missi
                 publico
                 urbium
                 atque
                 oppidorum
                 suorum
                 sumptu
                 separatim
                 alebantur
                 ,
                 publicae
                 utilitati
                 consulens
                 addixit
                 ,
                 legèsque
                 quibus
                 in
                 victu
                 ,
                 vestitu
                 vitâque
                 simul
                 degendâ
                 uterentur
                 tulit
                 ,
              
               Anno
               salutis
               MDLXXXXV
               .
               3.
               
               The
               Domo
               or
               Cathedral
               Church
               ,
               a
               sumptuous
               building
               or
               Marble
               ,
               having
               all
               the
               doors
               of
               brass
               curiously
               engraven
               ;
               a
               double
               isle
               on
               each
               side
               the
               Nave
               ,
               and
               two
               rows
               of
               Marble
               pillars
               ,
               adorned
               with
               stately
               Altars
               and
               rare
               Pictures
               ;
               the
               walls
               are
               hung
               round
               about
               with
               red
               
               Velvet
               ;
               the
               roof
               richly
               gilded
               .
               On
               each
               side
               the
               high
               Altar
               is
               a
               Picture
               ,
               and
               under
               it
               an
               inscription
               explaining
               the
               history
               of
               it
               ;
               which
               because
               they
               contain
               two
               of
               the
               notablest
               adventures
               and
               successes
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               I
               thought
               it
               might
               not
               be
               amiss
               heer
               to
               insert
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         I.
                         
                      
                       
                         Templum
                         hoc
                         ut
                         auctae
                         potontiae
                         ac
                         religionis
                         insigne
                         monumentum
                         posteris
                         extaret
                         ,
                         Pisanis
                         ex
                         Saracenorum
                         spoliis
                         captâ
                         Panormo
                         aedificatum
                         an
                         Sanctorum
                         reliquiis
                         è
                         Palaestina
                         usque
                         advectis
                         auctum
                         
                           Gelasius
                           II.
                           P.
                           M.
                        
                         solenni
                         pompa
                         consecravit
                         ,
                         
                           A.
                           D.
                           MCXIX
                        
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         II.
                         
                      
                       
                         
                           Pascale
                           II.
                           P.
                           M.
                        
                         autore
                         ,
                         Pisani
                         classe
                         300
                         triremium
                         Petro
                         Arch.
                         Pis
                         .
                         duce
                         Baleares
                         insulas
                         profligatis
                         Saracenis
                         in
                         ditionem
                         redigunt
                         ,
                         Christianóque
                         nomini
                         adjungunt
                         ,
                         captâque
                         regia
                         conjuge
                         ac
                         filio
                         praeclaram
                         victoriam
                         illustri
                         pióque
                         triumpho
                         exornarunt
                         .
                         
                           A.
                           D.
                        
                         1115.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Baptisterium
               ,
               having
               in
               the
               middle
               a
               large
               marble
               Font
               like
               the
               Cistern
               of
               a
               Fountain
               ,
               with
               water
               continually
               running
               into
               it
               .
               There
               is
               also
               a
               marble
               pulpit
               curiously
               carved
               .
               5.
               
               The
               burying
               place
               called
               the
               
                 Campo
                 Santo
              
               ,
               because
               made
               of
               earth
               brought
               out
               of
               the
               holy
               Land.
               The
               earth
               is
               said
               to
               consume
               a
               body
               in
               48
               hours
               :
               it
               is
               an
               oblong
               square
               ,
               encompassed
               with
               a
               broad
               Portico
               ,
               paved
               with
               Grave-stones
               ,
               and
               the
               walls
               painted
               .
               6.
               
               The
               Campanile
               or
               Steeple
               ,
               a
               large
               round
               tower
               of
               a
               considerable
               highth
               ,
               so
               very
               much
               enclining
               or
               seeming
               to
               encline
               or
               lean
               to
               one
               side
               ,
               that
               one
               would
               think
               it
               could
               not
               long
               stand
               upright
               ,
               but
               must
               needs
               fall
               that
               way
               .
               I
               suppose
               it
               was
               on
               purpose
               built
               so
               at
               first
               ,
               one
               side
               being
               made
               perpendicular
               and
               the
               other
               enclining
               ,
               to
               deceive
               the
               sight
               ,
               though
               some
               say
               it
               
               sank
               after
               it
               was
               built
               ,
               and
               doth
               really
               incline
               .
               7.
               
               The
               Aqueduct
               of
               above
               5000
               arches
               ,
               begun
               by
               Cosmus
               ,
               and
               finished
               by
               Ferdinand
               I.
               great
               Dukes
               of
               Tuscany
               ,
               bringing
               water
               to
               the
               City
               from
               the
               mountains
               about
               5
               miles
               distant
               .
               This
               water
               is
               so
               good
               that
               it
               is
               carried
               in
               flasks
               as
               far
               as
               Ligorn
               to
               sell
               .
               8.
               
               The
               Physic-garden
               ,
               at
               our
               there
               but
               meanly
               stored
               with
               simples
               .
            
             
               From
               Pisa
               we
               went
               by
               boat
               to
               Ligorn
               ,
               
               
                 [
                 Livorno
              
               ]
               called
               anciently
               
                 Portus
                 Liburnus
              
               ,
               some
               10
               or
               12
               miles
               distant
               .
               This
               Town
               is
               not
               large
               ,
               and
               but
               low
               built
               ,
               yet
               very
               pleasant
               and
               uniform
               ,
               having
               streight
               streets
               ,
               and
               a
               spacious
               Piazza
               in
               the
               middle
               .
               It
               stands
               in
               an
               open
               level
               ,
               without
               mountain
               or
               hillock
               within
               5
               miles
               of
               it
               on
               any
               side
               .
               It
               is
               well-fortified
               with
               walls
               and
               bastions
               ,
               and
               a
               deep
               trench
               round
               except
               on
               the
               Sea-side
               ;
               and
               secured
               with
               a
               good
               Garrison
               ,
               being
               one
               of
               the
               most
               considerable
               and
               important
               places
               in
               all
               Tuscany
               .
               Since
               the
               Great
               Duke
               made
               it
               a
               free
               port
               it
               hath
               encreased
               mightily
               in
               trading
               and
               riches
               ,
               great
               numbers
               ,
               of
               Merchants
               from
               all
               Nations
               resorting
               hither
               ,
               and
               most
               of
               the
               bargains
               for
               the
               commodities
               of
               the
               whole
               Levant
               being
               heer
               driven
               .
               The
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               are
               Strangers
               and
               Jews
               ,
               which
               last
               are
               esteemed
               one
               third
               of
               the
               whole
               number
               of
               people
               ,
               and
               thought
               to
               amount
               to
               5000
               persons
               and
               upward
               .
               Before
               these
               privileges
               granted
               to
               Ligorn
               ,
               when
               it
               was
               thin
               of
               Inhabitants
               ,
               it
               was
               accounted
               a
               very
               bad
               air
               and
               an
               unhealthful
               place
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               fens
               and
               marshes
               adjoyning
               ;
               but
               now
               since
               it
               is
               become
               populous
               ,
               the
               multitude
               of
               fires
               (
               as
               is
               supposed
               )
               hath
               so
               corrected
               the
               air
               ,
               that
               people
               enjoy
               their
               health
               as
               well
               and
               live
               as
               long
               heer
               as
               in
               any
               other
               Town
               or
               City
               of
               Italy
               .
            
             
               Near
               the
               Haven
               is
               a
               very
               magnificent
               statue
               of
               Ferdinand
               I.
               Great
               Duke
               ,
               about
               the
               pedestal
               whereof
               are
               4
               brass
               Statues
               of
               slaves
               chained
               of
               a
               gigantick
               
               bulk
               and
               stature
               .
               The
               haven
               within
               the
               mole
               is
               but
               small
               ,
               but
               heer
               is
               good
               riding
               for
               Ships
               without
               .
               The
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               in
               Lent
               time
               uses
               to
               make
               his
               residence
               in
               this
               Town
               ;
               heer
               being
               great
               variety
               of
               good
               fish
               taken
               in
               the
               Sea
               near
               hand
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               sold
               at
               reasonable
               rates
               ;
               all
               other
               provisions
               being
               dear
               enough
               .
               In
               Ligorn
               we
               saw
               workmen
               filing
               of
               marking-stones
               ,
               called
               in
               Latine
               
                 Lapis
                 galactites
                 &
                 morochthus
              
               ,
               in
               Italian
               
                 Pictra
                 lattaria
              
               ;
               which
               they
               told
               us
               were
               found
               at
               
                 Monte
                 negro
              
               and
               thereabout
               some
               5
               miles
               distant
               from
               Ligorn
               ,
               and
               from
               hence
               transported
               into
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Spain
                 ,
                 England
              
               ,
               the
               
                 Low
                 Countreys
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               Of
               the
               dust
               and
               filings
               of
               this
               stone
               they
               make
               the
               body
               of
               power
               for
               hair
               ,
               as
               the
               workmen
               informed
               us
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Plants
                 we
                 observed
                 about
              
               Ligorn
               ,
               
               Kali
               geniculatum
               majus
               ,
               
                 in
                 the
                 marshes
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 :
              
               Absinthium
               Seriphium
               Gallicum
               ;
               Polium
               montanum
               album
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Medica
               doliata
               spinosa
               ;
               Medica
               cochleata
               Spinosa
               ;
               Med.
               marina
               ,
               
                 on
                 the
                 Sands
              
               ;
               Caltha
               arvensis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Hyacinthus
               palustris
               vernus
               ,
               flosculis
               fimbriatis
               albis
               ;
               Hyacinthus
               comosus
               Ger.
               Lathyrus
               flore
               coccineo
               ;
               Vicia
               luteo
               flore
               sylvestris
               ;
               Ochrus
               sive
               ervilia
               
                 Dod.
                 these
                 three
                 last
                 among
                 the
                 Corn
                 ;
                 as
                 also
              
               Gla.
               diolus
               Narbonensis
               Lob.
               Telephium
               scorpioides
               
                 Anguill
                 .
                 in
                 arenosts
              
               ;
               Phyteuma
               Monspeliensium
               ;
               Cichorium
               pratense
               vesicarium
               Col.
               Medica
               Scutellata
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Iris
               humilis
               violacea
               latifolia
               ,
               
                 &
                 eadem
              
               flore
               albo
               ,
               
                 in
                 rupibus
                 ad
                 mare
              
               :
               Herniaria
               hirsuta
               ;
               Allii
               species
               ,
               an
               Ampeloprassum
               ?
               Ferrum
               equinum
               Lob.
               Orchis
               macrophyll●s
               Columnae
               ;
               Trifolium
               fragiferum
               sive
               vesicarium
               ,
               floribus
               nitidis
               rubellis
               ,
               flosculis
               velut
               in
               umbella
               parva
               dispositis
               ;
               Chrysanthemum
               Bellidis
               folio
               
                 Hort.
                 Pat.
                 inter
                 segetes
              
               :
               Buphthalmum
               Cotulae
               folio
               
                 C.
                 B.
                 an
              
               Chrysanthem
               .
               Valentinum
               Clusii
               ?
               Anthyllis
               leguminosa
               flo
               .
               purpureo
               .
               Cruciata
               minima
               muralis
               Col.
               Peplus
               minor
               
                 J.
                 B
              
               ,
               Ageratum
               sive
               Balsamita
               mas
               :
               
                 A
                 sort
                 of
              
               Draba
               
                 with
                 a
                 white
                 flower
              
               ;
               Hieracium
               perfoliatum
               ;
               
               
                 besides
                 many
                 which
                 we
                 had
                 found
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 sort
                 of
              
               Dorycnium
               which
               J.
               Bauhinus
               calls
               Trifolium
               album
               rectum
               hirsutum
               valdè
               ;
               Carduus
               Chrysanthemus
               Narbonensis
               ,
               which
               Lobel
               calls
               Eryngium
               luteum
               Monspeliensium
               ;
               Heliotropium
               majus
               ;
               Carduus
               solstitialis
               Ger.
               Cichoreum
               pratense
               verrucarium
               ,
               
                 in
                 arvis
                 passim
              
               ;
               Blattaria
               flore
               luteo
               ;
               Convolvulus
               minimus
               spicifolius
               Lob.
               Melissa
               sylvest
               .
               hirsutior
               ,
               minùs
               odorata
               ;
               Dorycnio
               congener
               planta
               :
               Rapistrum
               monospermon
               ;
               Ammi
               vulgare
               ;
               Passerina
               Tragi
               ;
               Sideritis
               vulgaris
               ;
               Aster
               luteus
               foliis
               ad
               florem
               rigidis
               ;
               Stoebe
               major
               caliculis
               non
               splendentibus
               .
               Between
               Pisa
               and
               Ligorn
               
                 we
                 noted
              
               Leucoium
               bulbosum
               majus
               polyanthemum
               
                 Ger.
                 in
                 the
                 marshes
                 near
              
               Pisa
               plentifully
               ;
               Aristolochia
               clematitis
               ;
               Aster
               conyzoides
               
                 nobis
                 dictus
              
               ;
               Asparagus
               altilis
               :
               Gramen
               supinum
               aculeatum
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 Besides
                 these
                 we
                 observed
                 some
                 which
                 grow
                 wild
                 in
              
               England
               ,
               
                 but
                 more
                 rarely
                 ,
                 as
              
               Leucoium
               marinum
               majus
               folio
               sinuato
               ;
               Orchis
               fuciflora
               galeâ
               &
               alis
               herbidis
               ;
               Hyacinthus
               stellaris
               vernus
               minor
               ;
               Eranthemum
               sive
               flos
               Adonis
               ;
               Trifolium
               pumilum
               supinum
               flosculis
               longis
               albis
               
                 P.
                 B.
              
               Ferrum
               equinum
               Germanicum
               siliquis
               in
               summitate
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               
            
             
               At
               Ligorn
               finding
               a
               good
               Dutch
               Vessel
               ready
               to
               set
               sail
               for
               Naples
               ,
               we
               put
               our selves
               aboard
               her
               :
               The
               wind
               not
               favouring
               us
               we
               spent
               five
               days
               in
               this
               passage
               before
               we
               reached
               our
               Port.
               The
               Captain
               of
               the
               Ship
               told
               us
               that
               heerabouts
               usually
               in
               the
               forenoon
               the
               wind
               blows
               from
               the
               Land
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               afternoon
               from
               the
               Sea
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               is
               Easterly
               in
               the
               forenoon
               ,
               and
               Westerly
               in
               the
               afternoon
               .
               We
               also
               observed
               in
               this
               Voyage
               ,
               that
               about
               Sun-set
               the
               wind
               fell
               ;
               so
               that
               soon
               after
               Sun-set
               there
               was
               little
               or
               no
               wind
               stirring
               :
               and
               likewise
               several
               days
               about
               Sun-rising
               we
               had
               but
               little
               wind
               .
               In
               our
               return
               backwards
               from
               Messina
               to
               Naples
               ,
               and
               from
               Naples
               to
               Ligorn
               ,
               we
               observed
               that
               the
               wind
               for
               the
               most
               part
               sate
               contrary
               to
               us
               .
               And
               the
               Sea
               men
               told
               us
               that
               
               this
               was
               general
               in
               Summer
               time
               .
               So
               that
               you
               have
               a
               much
               quicker
               passage
               from
               Ligorn
               to
               Naples
               ,
               and
               thence
               to
               Messina
               ,
               than
               backwards
               .
               We
               observed
               also
               that
               the
               wind
               follows
               the
               Sun
               ,
               so
               that
               every
               morning
               we
               could
               make
               some
               use
               of
               the
               wind
               to
               sail
               with
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               afternoon
               none
               at
               all
               ;
               which
               agrees
               exactly
               with
               our
               Captains
               observation
               ,
               the
               land
               lying
               Eastward
               ,
               and
               the
               Sea
               West
               .
               Our
               Captain
               also
               told
               us
               that
               when
               they
               made
               a
               Voyage
               from
               Holland
               to
               the
               West-Indies
               ,
               they
               sailed
               down
               the
               Coast
               of
               Africa
               as
               far
               Southward
               ,
               as
               the
               place
               in
               the
               West-Indies
               whither
               they
               intended
               to
               go
               lay
               ,
               and
               then
               steer'd
               directly
               Westward
               ;
               both
               the
               wind
               blowing
               constantly
               from
               the
               East
               ,
               and
               the
               Sea
               also
               running
               the
               same
               way
               .
               Which
               relation
               of
               his
               concurring
               with
               the
               general
               vogue
               of
               Mariners
               (
               if
               true
               )
               doth
               much
               confirm
               the
               opinion
               of
               the
               diurnal
               motion
               of
               the
               earth
               .
               When
               they
               return
               backwards
               from
               thence
               into
               Holland
               ,
               they
               go
               round
               about
               the
               Bay
               of
               Mexico
               ,
               and
               up
               a
               good
               way
               northward
               ,
               and
               then
               strike
               over
               to
               Europe
               ,
               the
               water
               being
               reflected
               (
               as
               he
               said
               )
               that
               way
               ,
               and
               the
               wind
               also
               often
               blowing
               that
               way
               .
            
             
               Naples
               lies
               by
               the
               Sea
               side
               under
               hills
               ,
               
               in
               form
               of
               a
               Theater
               ;
               for
               its
               figure
               and
               situation
               much
               like
               to
               Genua
               ,
               but
               somewhat
               bigger
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               populous
               ;
               so
               that
               before
               the
               last
               great
               Plague
               (
               which
               swept
               away
               as
               we
               were
               credibly
               informed
               at
               least
               120000
               souls
               )
               one
               might
               well
               reckon
               the
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               to
               have
               been
               about
               three
               hundred
               thousand
               .
               The
               circuit
               of
               the
               walls
               is
               not
               above
               seven
               Italian
               miles
               ,
               but
               it
               hath
               large
               Suburbs
               .
               The
               Town
               is
               well
               built
               of
               stone
               ;
               the
               houses
               tall
               and
               massy
               ;
               for
               the
               most
               part
               flat
               rooft
               ,
               and
               covered
               with
               a
               kind
               of
               plaster
               ,
               which
               fences
               out
               the
               rain
               ,
               and
               endures
               the
               weather
               well
               .
               Notwithstanding
               this
               City
               lies
               so
               far
               South
               ,
               and
               under
               hills
               ,
               yet
               is
               not
               the
               heat
               extreme
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               may
               well
               be
               endured
               even
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               Summer
               ,
               they
               having
               for
               the
               most
               part
               
               about
               noon-tide
               a
               brize
               of
               wind
               ,
               which
               cools
               and
               refreshes
               much
               .
               Two
               or
               three
               hot
               days
               we
               had
               ,
               but
               the
               rest
               temperate
               enough
               .
               They
               told
               us
               that
               there
               uses
               to
               be
               very
               little
               rain
               there
               in
               Summer
               time
               ,
               howbeit
               at
               our
               being
               there
               (
               which
               was
               in
               the
               latter
               end
               of
               June
               and
               beginning
               of
               July
               )
               it
               rained
               every
               other
               day
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               so
               plentifully
               ,
               that
               the
               water
               ran
               down
               like
               a
               river
               in
               the
               streets
               .
               When
               they
               have
               no
               rain
               ,
               to
               cool
               the
               streets
               in
               the
               afternoon
               they
               draw
               about
               a
               tun
               filled
               with
               cold
               water
               ,
               and
               bored
               with
               several
               holes
               ,
               whence
               the
               water
               gushes
               out
               as
               it
               goes
               along
               .
               The
               Dialect
               of
               the
               common
               people
               is
               much
               different
               from
               the
               Tuscane
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               understood
               but
               by
               one
               who
               hath
               a
               long
               time
               conversed
               with
               them
               .
               This
               City
               is
               well
               served
               with
               all
               provisions
               ,
               especially
               fruit
               which
               is
               very
               cheap
               heer
               .
               In
               this
               place
               we
               took
               first
               notice
               of
               the
               
                 Cucurbita
                 anguina
                 ,
                 Cucumis
                 anguinus
                 ,
                 Mala
                 insana
                 ,
                 &
                 Limoncelle
                 ,
              
               to
               be
               sold
               in
               market
               .
               Macarones
               and
               Vermicelle
               (
               which
               are
               nothing
               but
               a
               kind
               of
               paste
               cut
               into
               the
               figure
               of
               worms
               or
               thongs
               )
               boil'd
               in
               broth
               or
               water
               ,
               are
               a
               great
               dish
               heer
               as
               well
               as
               at
               Messina
               ,
               and
               as
               much
               esteemed
               by
               the
               vulgar
               ,
               as
               Frumenty
               by
               the
               Countrey
               people
               in
               England
               .
               All
               the
               Neopolitans
               and
               Sicilians
               ,
               and
               genenrally
               the
               Italians
               drink
               their
               Wine
               and
               water
               snowed
               ;
               and
               you
               shall
               see
               many
               stalls
               in
               the
               streets
               where
               there
               is
               snowed
               water
               to
               be
               sold
               :
               many
               also
               you
               shall
               meet
               ,
               with
               a
               barrel
               at
               their
               backs
               and
               glasses
               in
               their
               hands
               ,
               crying
               *
               
                 Acqua
                 ghiacciata
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Acqua
                 nevata
              
               .
               We
               were
               credibly
               informed
               that
               before
               the
               last
               great
               Plague
               the
               very
               gabel
               upon
               snow
               was
               farmed
               at
               25000
               crowns
               
                 per
                 annum
              
               .
            
             
               NB.
               To
               cool
               the
               water
               or
               wine
               they
               do
               not
               put
               the
               snow
               into
               it
               ,
               but
               round
               about
               the
               vessel
               wherein
               it
               is
               contained
               :
               so
               they
               have
               a
               vessel
               conteining
               the
               snow
               or
               ice
               ,
               and
               into
               that
               they
               set
               the
               vessel
               conteining
               the
               wine
               or
               water
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               in
               this
               City
               an
               incredible
               number
               of
               
               Monasteries
               or
               Religious
               houses
               (
               as
               they
               call
               them
               .
               )
               
                 Beltrano
                 Descript
                 .
                 Neap.
              
               gives
               us
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               160
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               whereof
               121
               of
               men
               and
               39
               of
               women
               ;
               the
               number
               of
               the
               persons
               contained
               in
               them
               being
               1242.
               
            
             
               Four
               Castles
               there
               are
               to
               secure
               and
               bridle
               the
               City
               withal
               ,
               1.
               
               
                 Castel
                 d'Ovo
              
               ,
               built
               on
               a
               rock
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               having
               an
               artificial
               Caussey
               or
               mole
               leading
               to
               it
               from
               the
               shore
               .
               2.
               
               
                 Castel
                 S.
                 Elmo
              
               or
               S.
               Hermo
               standing
               on
               a
               hill
               above
               the
               City
               .
               3.
               
               
                 Castel
                 Novo
              
               by
               the
               water
               side
               ,
               near
               the
               Haven
               where
               the
               Gallies
               lie
               .
               4.
               
               
                 Torrione
                 di
                 Carmine
              
               ,
               made
               use
               of
               by
               Massaniello
               and
               Anese
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Rebellion
               .
               This
               is
               only
               a
               tower
               belonging
               to
               the
               Carmelites
               Cloyster
               .
            
             
               The
               Churches
               in
               this
               Town
               are
               generally
               very
               handsome
               within
               side
               ;
               many
               of
               them
               richly
               gilt
               and
               sumptuously
               adorned
               ;
               some
               of
               them
               not
               only
               paved
               with
               marble
               of
               divers
               colours
               ,
               but
               their
               walls
               encrusted
               all
               over
               with
               marble
               inlaid
               .
               Of
               all
               the
               Cloysters
               I
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               that
               of
               the
               Carthusians
               ,
               close
               adjoyning
               to
               the
               Castle
               S.
               Elmo
               ,
               is
               the
               most
               splendid
               and
               magnific
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               a
               large
               square
               Court
               compassed
               about
               with
               the
               fairest
               peristylium
               or
               Cloyster
               that
               I
               ever
               saw
               :
               All
               the
               pillars
               and
               all
               the
               pavement
               (
               of
               the
               Portico
               I
               mean
               )
               being
               of
               marble
               of
               several
               colours
               well
               wrought
               ,
               polish'd
               and
               laid
               ,
               and
               so
               cleanly
               and
               elegantly
               kept
               ,
               that
               one
               cannot
               see
               a
               more
               pleasant
               spectacle
               of
               this
               nature
               .
               For
               my
               own
               part
               I
               was
               much
               taken
               with
               the
               sight
               of
               it
               .
               Heer
               is
               a
               fair
               Arsenal
               to
               build
               Gallies
               in
               ,
               now
               made
               but
               little
               use
               of
               .
               The
               public
               Granary
               deserves
               notice
               taking
               ,
               it
               being
               the
               greatest
               and
               best
               furnished
               of
               any
               we
               have
               seen
               .
               They
               told
               us
               there
               was
               Corn
               enough
               always
               in
               store
               to
               serve
               the
               whole
               City
               some
               years
               upon
               any
               exigency
               .
               There
               are
               great
               Vaults
               made
               under-ground
               to
               keep
               it
               in
               in
               Winter
               time
               ,
               and
               large
               rooms
               above
               to
               keep
               it
               in
               Summer
               .
               A
               great
               number
               of
               men
               they
               hire
               to
               turn
               all
               the
               beds
               of
               Corn
               every
               
               day
               .
               The
               Bakers
               of
               the
               Town
               are
               obliged
               to
               take
               every
               month
               25000
               *
               tomoli
               out
               of
               this
               Granary
               ,
               that
               so
               there
               may
               be
               a
               succession
               of
               new
               Corn
               yearly
               .
               This
               they
               paying
               a
               good
               rate
               for
               ,
               is
               the
               reason
               why
               bread
               is
               dearer
               in
               Naples
               than
               otherwise
               it
               would
               be
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               City
               of
               Naples
               are
               5
               Seggi
               ,
               that
               is
               Benches
               or
               Companies
               of
               Noblemen
               ,
               viz.
               that
               of
               1.
               
               Capua
               .
               2.
               
               Nido
               .
               3.
               
               Montagna
               .
               4.
               
               Porta
               .
               5.
               
               
                 Porta
                 nova
              
               .
               In
               the
               whole
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               there
               are
               148
               Cities
               ,
               of
               which
               21
               [
               20
               ]
               are
               Archbishopricks
               ,
               and
               127
               [
               128
               ]
               Bishopricks
               :
               to
               about
               30
               of
               which
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               nominates
               :
               87
               Princes
               ;
               122
               Dukes
               ;
               159
               Marquesses
               ,
               and
               7
               Earls
               .
               The
               Kingdom
               is
               divided
               into
               12
               Provinces
               ,
               viz.
               1.
               
               TERRA
               DILAVORO
               anciently
               called
               
                 Campania
                 felix
              
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               14
               Cities
               ,
               viz.
               1.
               
               Aversa
               2.
               
               Capua
               .
               3.
               
               Caserta
               .
               4.
               
               Gaeta
               .
               5.
               
               Ischia
               .
               6.
               
               Massa-Lubrense
               .
               7.
               
               Nola.
               8.
               
               Pozzuoli
               .
               9.
               
               Sessa
               .
               10.
               
               Sorrento
               .
               11.
               
               Teano
               .
               12.
               
               Traetto
               .
               13.
               
               Venafro
               .
               14.
               
               Vico
               Equense
               .
               2.
               
               PRINCIPATO
               CITRA
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               18
               Cities
               ,
               1.
               
               Amalfi
               .
               2.
               
               Campagna
               .
               3.
               
               Capri
               in
               the
               Island
               Capreae
               near
               Naples
               famous
               for
               the
               retirement
               of
               
                 Tiberius
                 Caesar
              
               .
               The
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               Revenue
               of
               the
               Bishop
               of
               this
               Island
               they
               told
               us
               arises
               from
               the
               Quails
               taken
               therein
               .
               4.
               
               Casella
               .
               5.
               
               Contursi
               .
               6.
               
               Eboli
               .
               7.
               
               Cappaccia
               .
               8.
               
               Gragnano
               .
               9.
               
               Lettere
               .
               10.
               
               Laurino
               .
               11.
               
               Nocera
               .
               12.
               
               Salerno
               .
               13.
               
               San-severino
               .
               14.
               
               Saponara
               .
               15.
               
               Sarno
               .
               16.
               
               Scala
               .
               17.
               
               Tramonti
               .
               18.
               
               Ravello
               .
               3.
               
               PRINCIPATO
               ULTRA
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               14
               ,
               viz.
               1.
               
               Beneveno
               .
               2.
               
               Solofra
               .
               3.
               
               Consa
               .
               4.
               
               Ariano
               .
               5.
               
               Avellino
               .
               6.
               
               Bisaccio
               .
               7.
               
               S.
               Angclo
               de
               Lombardi
               .
               8.
               
               Cedogna
               .
               9.
               
               Monte
               marano
               .
               10.
               
               Nusco
               .
               11.
               
               Voltorara
               .
               12.
               
               Vico.
               13.
               
               Vico
               della
               Baronia
               .
               14.
               
               S.
               Agatha
               delli
               grotti
               .
               4.
               
               BASILICATA
               ,
               which
               hath
               11
               Cities
               ,
               viz.
               1.
               
               Lavello
               .
               2.
               
               Amalfi
               .
               3.
               
               Policastro
               .
               4.
               
               Venosa
               .
               5.
               
               Acirenea
               .
               6.
               
               Muro
               .
               7.
               
               Monte
               peloso
               .
               8.
               
               Potenza
               .
               9.
               
               Rapolla
               .
               10.
               
               Tricarico
               .
               
               11.
               
               Tursi
               .
               5.
               
               CALABRIA
               CITRA
               ,
               in
               which
               are
               12
               ,
               viz.
               1.
               
               Mantea
               .
               2.
               
               Cosenza
               .
               3.
               
               Paola
               .
               4.
               
               Montalto
               .
               5.
               
               Rossano
               .
               6.
               
               Bisignano
               .
               7.
               
               Cariari
               .
               8.
               
               Cassano
               .
               9.
               
               Martirano
               .
               10.
               
               Strongoli
               .
               11.
               
               S.
               Marco
               .
               12.
               
               Ubriatico
               .
               6.
               
               CALABRIA
               ULTRA
               ,
               16
               ,
               viz.
               1.
               
               Catanzara
               .
               2.
               
               Crotone
               .
               3.
               
               Squillaci
               .
               4.
               
               Taverna
               .
               5.
               
               Tropia
               .
               6.
               
               Rhezo
               or
               Reggio
               ,
               anciently
               Rhegium
               .
               7.
               
               Belicastro
               .
               8.
               
               Bova
               .
               9.
               
               S.
               Severina
               .
               10.
               
               Gieraci
               .
               11.
               
               L'isola
               .
               12.
               
               Montilene
               .
               13.
               
               Melito
               .
               14.
               
               Nicastro
               .
               15.
               
               Nicoterra
               .
               16.
               
               Oppido
               .
               7.
               
               TERRA
               D'OTRANTO
               14
               ,
               viz.
               1.
               
               Gallipoli
               .
               2.
               
               Lecce
               .
               3.
               
               Brindisi
               .
               4.
               
               Matera
               .
               5.
               
               Ostuni
               .
               6.
               
               Tarento
               .
               7.
               
               Otranto
               ,
               Hydruntum
               .
               8.
               
               Alessano
               .
               9.
               
               Castellaneta
               .
               10.
               
               Castro
               .
               11.
               
               Motola
               .
               12.
               
               Nardo
               .
               13.
               
               Oria.
               14.
               
               Ugento
               .
               8.
               
               TERRA
               DI
               BARI
               ,
               16.
               1.
               
               Andria
               .
               2.
               
               Bari
               .
               3.
               
               Barletta
               ,
               a
               very
               strong
               hold
               .
               4.
               
               Bitonto
               .
               5.
               
               Terra
               di
               Mola
               .
               6.
               
               Molfetta
               .
               7.
               
               Monopoli
               .
               8.
               
               Trani
               .
               9.
               
               Giovenazzo
               .
               10.
               
               Biseglia
               .
               11.
               
               Bitetto
               .
               12.
               
               Conversano
               .
               13.
               
               Gravina
               .
               14.
               
               Monoruino
               .
               15.
               
               Polignano
               or
               Putignano
               .
               16.
               
               Ruvo
               .
               9.
               
               ABRUZZO
               CITRA
               5.
               viz.
               1.
               
               Chieti
               .
               2.
               
               Sulmona
               .
               2.
               
               Benevento
               .
               4.
               
               Borrelle
               .
               5.
               
               Ortona
               .
               10.
               
               ABRUZZO
               ULTRA
               5.
               1.
               
               Aquila
               .
               2.
               
               Atri
               .
               3.
               
               Campli
               .
               4.
               
               Civita
               di
               Penna
               .
               5.
               
               Teramo
               .
               11.
               
               CONTADO
               DI
               MOLISI
               4.
               1.
               
               Boiano
               guardia
               .
               2.
               
               Alferes
               .
               3.
               
               Isernia
               .
               4.
               
               Trivento
               .
               12.
               
               CAPITANATA
               13.
               viz.
               1.
               
               Monte
               S.
               Angelo
               .
               2.
               
               Ascoli
               .
               3.
               
               Bovino
               .
               4.
               
               Ferensuola
               .
               5.
               
               Larino
               .
               6.
               
               Lucera
               .
               7.
               
               Lesina
               .
               8.
               
               Salpe
               .
               9.
               
               Vieste
               .
               10.
               
               Volturara
               .
               11.
               
               Termole
               .
               12.
               
               Sancto
               Severo
               .
               13.
               
               Manfredonia
               :
               in
               all
               about
               151.
               
               But
               many
               of
               these
               are
               pitiful
               poor
               desolate
               places
               ,
               inferiour
               to
               the
               better
               sort
               of
               our
               English
               Villages
               .
            
             
               Every
               hearth
               (
               fires
               they
               call
               them
               )
               in
               this
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               pays
               15
               Carolines
               the
               year
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               which
               is
               about
               six
               and
               six
               pence
               or
               seven
               shillings
               English
               .
               The
               number
               of
               fires
               in
               the
               whole
               
               Kingdom
               is
               475727
               ,
               besides
               5804
               which
               are
               exempt
               from
               payment
               .
               In
               which
               number
               are
               not
               comprehended
               the
               fires
               of
               the
               Albanese
               and
               Illyrians
               commonly
               called
               Sclavonians
               who
               pay
               no
               more
               then
               11
               Carolines
               the
               year
               ,
               are
               numbred
               every
               year
               ,
               and
               are
               permitted
               to
               remove
               from
               place
               to
               place
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               .
               The
               number
               of
               these
               extraordinary
               fires
               is
               4451.
               
               So
               then
               the
               whole
               sum
               of
               the
               Hearth-mony
               is
               719095
               Ducats
               4
               Carolines
               ,
               from
               which
               deducting
               what
               is
               to
               be
               abated
               for
               places
               privileged
               and
               exempt
               from
               payment
               ,
               that
               which
               comes
               clear
               into
               the
               Kings
               treasury
               will
               be
               654873
               Ducats
               ,
               and
               six
               Carolines
               .
            
             
               The
               Adogo
               or
               tax
               which
               feudatories
               pay
               to
               the
               King
               in
               lieu
               of
               personal
               service
               amounts
               in
               the
               whole
               Kingdom
               to
               120568
               Ducats
               :
               They
               also
               pay
               Reliefs
               after
               Deaths
               one
               half
               of
               a
               years
               Revenue
               .
               Besides
               these
               there
               are
               abundance
               more
               taxes
               and
               gabels
               paid
               by
               the
               Subject
               ;
               an
               account
               of
               all
               which
               in
               particular
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               
                 Scipio
                 Mazzella
              
               his
               Description
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Naples
               ,
               written
               in
               Italian
               and
               printed
               1601.
               
               So
               that
               one
               would
               think
               it
               were
               impossible
               for
               poor
               Pesants
               to
               pick
               up
               so
               much
               money
               as
               they
               pay
               to
               the
               King
               only
               :
               and
               yet
               I
               believe
               the
               gabels
               and
               payments
               are
               since
               that
               time
               much
               encreased
               .
               The
               wholesum
               of
               all
               the
               Kings
               Entrata
               or
               Revenue
               yearly
               accruing
               from
               this
               Kingdom
               then
               was
               2996937
               Ducats
               ,
               3
               Carolines
               and
               14
               grains
               .
            
             
               While
               we
               staid
               in
               this
               City
               we
               were
               present
               at
               the
               meeting
               of
               the
               Virtuosi
               or
               Philosophic
               Academy
               ,
               which
               is
               held
               weekly
               on
               Wednesdays
               in
               the
               Palace
               of
               that
               most
               civil
               and
               obliging
               ,
               noble
               and
               vertuous
               person
               the
               Marquess
               
                 D'
                 Arena
              
               .
               There
               were
               of
               the
               Academy
               but
               15
               or
               16
               admitted
               ,
               but
               at
               the
               meeting
               were
               present
               at
               least
               threescore
               .
               First
               there
               was
               shewed
               the
               experiment
               of
               the
               waters
               ascending
               above
               its
               level
               in
               slender
               tubes
               ,
               upon
               which
               when
               they
               had
               discoursed
               a
               while
               ,
               three
               of
               the
               Society
               recited
               discourses
               
               they
               had
               studied
               and
               composed
               about
               particular
               subjects
               ,
               which
               were
               appointed
               them
               to
               consider
               the
               week
               before
               :
               and
               after
               some
               objections
               against
               what
               was
               delivered
               and
               reasonings
               to
               and
               fro
               about
               it
               ,
               the
               company
               was
               dismist
               .
               A
               man
               could
               scarce
               hope
               to
               find
               such
               a
               knot
               of
               ingenious
               persons
               and
               of
               that
               latitude
               and
               freedom
               of
               judgment
               in
               so
               remote
               a
               part
               of
               Europe
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               communion
               of
               such
               a
               Church
               .
               They
               are
               well
               acquainted
               with
               writings
               of
               all
               the
               learned
               and
               ingenious
               men
               of
               the
               immediately
               preceding
               age
               ,
               as
               
                 Galileo
                 ,
                 Cartes
                 ,
                 Gassendus
                 ,
                 Harvey
                 ,
                 Verulam
              
               ;
               and
               of
               the
               present
               yet
               surviving
               ,
               as
               Mr.
               Boyle
               ,
               Sir
               
                 George
                 Ent
              
               ,
               Dr.
               Glisson
               ,
               Dr.
               Willis
               ,
               Dr.
               Wharton
               ,
               Mr.
               Hobbs
               ,
               Mr.
               Hook
               ,
               Monsieur
               Pecquet
               ,
               &c.
               
               We
               were
               very
               much
               pleased
               and
               satisfied
               with
               the
               conversation
               and
               discourse
               of
               some
               of
               them
               .
               Amongst
               the
               rest
               Dr.
               
                 Thomas
                 Cornelius
              
               hath
               made
               himself
               known
               to
               the
               world
               by
               his
               Writings
               .
            
             
               We
               went
               by
               water
               to
               Pozzuolo
               anciently
               Puteoli
               ;
               
               there
               so
               soon
               as
               we
               were
               come
               into
               our
               Inn
               many
               Sea-men
               and
               Countrey
               people
               came
               about
               us
               ,
               some
               bringing
               Shells
               ,
               others
               Hippocampi
               dried
               ,
               others
               ancient
               medals
               and
               Entaglie
               ,
               others
               pieces
               of
               coloured
               glass
               raked
               out
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               (
               as
               they
               told
               us
               )
               about
               Argenteria
               .
               Near
               this
               Town
               are
               several
               arches
               of
               stone
               [
               13
               peers
               ]
               reaching
               a
               great
               way
               into
               the
               Sea.
               Some
               are
               of
               opinion
               that
               this
               was
               the
               beginning
               of
               
               Caligula's
               Bridge
               over
               this
               Bay
               ,
               and
               that
               from
               the
               end
               of
               this
               pile
               as
               far
               as
               Baiae
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Bridge
               was
               made
               of
               vessels
               locked
               together
               and
               fastened
               with
               Anchors
               on
               each
               side
               .
               But
               more
               probable
               it
               is
               that
               this
               was
               intended
               for
               a
               mole
               or
               peer
               to
               secure
               the
               Harbour
               ,
               and
               for
               Ships
               to
               lie
               behind
               ,
               because
               upon
               every
               peer
               a
               great
               stone
               perforated
               stands
               jetting
               out
               of
               tie
               vessels
               unto
               .
               That
               it
               was
               an
               ancient
               Roman
               work
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               Arches
               ,
               the
               figure
               of
               the
               bricks
               ,
               and
               the
               stateliness
               of
               it
               do
               sufficiently
               argue
               .
            
             
             
               From
               Pozzuolo
               we
               passed
               over
               the
               Gulf
               to
               Baiae
               ,
               where
               are
               so
               many
               Antiquities
               ,
               that
               to
               discourse
               fully
               of
               them
               would
               require
               a
               volume
               alone
               .
               And
               others
               having
               written
               at
               large
               of
               them
               both
               in
               English
               and
               Latine
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               so
               much
               as
               mention
               any
               thing
               save
               only
               the
               sweating
               vault
               being
               one
               of
               the
               grots
               called
               the
               *
               
                 Bagne
                 de
                 Tritoli
              
               .
               It
               is
               a
               long
               and
               narrow
               passage
               like
               the
               entry
               into
               some
               room
               ,
               the
               upper
               part
               whereof
               is
               so
               hot
               ,
               that
               a
               man
               cannot
               endure
               to
               walk
               upright
               ,
               being
               then
               in
               danger
               to
               be
               stifled
               by
               the
               hot
               and
               suffocating
               vapour
               with
               which
               the
               upper
               part
               of
               the
               Vault
               is
               filled
               :
               the
               lower
               part
               though
               not
               cold
               is
               yet
               tolerable
               .
               Indeed
               one
               would
               not
               think
               there
               could
               be
               so
               great
               a
               difference
               in
               so
               small
               a
               distance
               .
               He
               therefore
               that
               goes
               in
               there
               is
               necessitated
               to
               stoop
               low
               ;
               for
               if
               you
               do
               but
               hold
               up
               your
               hand
               it
               sweats
               suddenly
               .
               We
               observed
               that
               of
               the
               lower
               part
               of
               this
               vault
               where
               it
               was
               cool
               the
               sides
               were
               a
               firm
               stone
               ,
               but
               of
               the
               upper
               part
               where
               it
               was
               hot
               ,
               a
               soft
               ,
               friable
               ,
               yet
               unctuous
               yellow
               clay
               .
               It
               seemed
               to
               us
               to
               have
               a
               mixture
               of
               sulphur
               and
               fixt
               salt
               deliquated
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               we
               made
               no
               trial
               of
               it
               by
               fire
               or
               otherwise
               .
               Where
               this
               stratum
               or
               region
               of
               clay
               begins
               there
               precisely
               doth
               the
               heat
               begin
               ;
               so
               that
               where
               the
               region
               of
               clay
               goes
               lower
               there
               you
               must
               stoop
               lower
               to
               avoid
               the
               heat
               .
               In
               this
               hot
               steam
               there
               is
               a
               watery
               vapour
               conteined
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               the
               drops
               notwithstanding
               all
               the
               heat
               condensed
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               vault
               as
               on
               an
               Alembic
               head
               .
               As
               we
               returned
               we
               viewed
               the
               new
               Mountain
               ,
               called
               by
               some
               *
               
                 Monte
                 di
                 cenere
              
               ,
               raised
               by
               an
               Earth-quake
               Septemb.
               29.
               1538
               ,
               of
               about
               an
               hundred
               foot
               perpendicular
               altitude
               ;
               though
               others
               make
               it
               much
               higher
               ,
               according
               to
               
                 Stephanus
                 Pighius
              
               it
               is
               a
               mile
               ascent
               to
               the
               top
               ,
               and
               4
               miles
               round
               at
               the
               foot
               .
               We
               judg'd
               it
               nothing
               near
               so
               great
               .
               The
               people
               say
               it
               bears
               nothing
               ;
               nothing
               of
               any
               use
               of
               profit
               I
               suppose
               they
               mean
               ,
               else
               I
               am
               sure
               there
               grows
               
                 Heath
                 ,
                 Myrtle
                 ,
                 
                 Mastich-tree
                 ,
              
               and
               other
               shrubs
               upon
               it
               .
               It
               is
               a
               spungy
               kind
               of
               earth
               ,
               and
               makes
               a
               great
               sound
               under
               a
               mans
               feet
               that
               stamps
               upon
               it
               .
               The
               same
               Earthquake
               threw
               up
               so
               much
               earth
               stones
               ,
               and
               ashes
               as
               quite
               filled
               up
               the
               
                 Lacus
                 Lucrinus
              
               ,
               so
               that
               there
               is
               nothing
               now
               left
               of
               it
               but
               a
               fenny
               meadow
               .
               In
               our
               return
               from
               Pozzuolo
               we
               viewed
               the
               mountain
               called
               Solfatara
               ,
               anciently
               
                 Campi
                 Phlegraei
              
               ,
               which
               continually
               burns
               .
               On
               the
               top
               of
               the
               mountain
               is
               a
               large
               excavated
               oval
               place
               like
               an
               Amphitheater
               ,
               in
               length
               1500
               foot
               ,
               in
               breadth
               1000
               ;
               where
               the
               burning
               is
               .
               There
               are
               several
               holes
               or
               vents
               where
               the
               smoke
               issues
               out
               ,
               as
               out
               of
               a
               furnace
               .
               We
               gathered
               perfect
               flowers
               of
               sulphur
               to
               appearance
               ,
               and
               salt-Armoniac
               sticking
               to
               the
               mouths
               of
               these
               vents
               .
               If
               you
               thrust
               a
               Sword
               or
               any
               iron
               instrument
               into
               one
               of
               the
               holes
               where
               the
               smoke
               comes
               out
               ,
               and
               suddainly
               draw
               it
               back
               again
               ,
               you
               shall
               see
               it
               all
               over
               bedewed
               or
               thick
               set
               with
               drops
               of
               water
               .
               Whence
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               this
               smoke
               is
               not
               only
               a
               dry
               exhalation
               ,
               but
               hath
               also
               good
               quantity
               of
               the
               vapour
               of
               water
               mixt
               with
               it
               .
               We
               observed
               that
               these
               flores
               of
               Sulphur
               would
               not
               burn
               ,
               nor
               easily
               melt
               over
               the
               fire
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               admixture
               of
               some
               heterogeneous
               body
               with
               them
               .
               The
               stones
               and
               earth
               of
               this
               mountain
               are
               crusted
               over
               with
               these
               flowers
               of
               Brimstone
               ,
               which
               they
               gather
               and
               distil
               Brimstone
               out
               of
               .
               As
               one
               walks
               heer
               the
               earth
               makes
               a
               noise
               ,
               as
               if
               it
               were
               hollow
               underneath
               ,
               and
               one
               may
               perfectly
               hear
               as
               it
               were
               the
               hissing
               and
               boiling
               of
               some
               melted
               mineral
               ,
               metal
               or
               other
               liquor
               just
               under
               ones
               feet
               .
               One
               that
               should
               see
               this
               smoke
               ,
               hear
               this
               noise
               and
               feel
               the
               heat
               would
               wonder
               that
               the
               mountain
               should
               not
               suddenly
               break
               out
               into
               a
               flame
               .
               This
               great
               hollow
               above
               was
               I
               suppose
               excavated
               partly
               by
               force
               of
               the
               burning
               ,
               the
               earth
               sinking
               down
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               paring
               away
               the
               top
               to
               distil
               for
               Brimstone
               .
            
             
             
               Five
               miles
               distant
               from
               Naples
               is
               the
               mountain
               Vesuvius
               ,
               
               so
               famous
               in
               all
               ages
               for
               its
               burning
               .
               The
               ground
               all
               about
               the
               sides
               of
               it
               we
               found
               covered
               with
               cinders
               and
               pumice
               stones
               ,
               which
               had
               been
               cast
               out
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               burnings
               .
               We
               observed
               also
               great
               channels
               ,
               like
               gulls
               made
               by
               suddain
               torrents
               and
               land-floods
               ,
               which
               they
               told
               us
               were
               made
               by
               water
               thrown
               out
               at
               the
               top
               of
               the
               mountain
               in
               the
               conflagrations
               .
               Toward
               the
               top
               grew
               very
               few
               plants
               .
               
                 Acetosa
                 ovilla
              
               where
               nothing
               else
               was
               to
               be
               seen
               :
               A
               little
               lower
               grew
               
                 Colutea
                 Scorpioides
              
               and
               some
               shrubs
               of
               Poplar
               .
               Near
               the
               top
               the
               ascent
               was
               steep
               ,
               and
               very
               toilsome
               to
               get
               up
               .
               Upon
               the
               very
               top
               is
               a
               great
               pit
               or
               hollow
               in
               form
               of
               an
               Amphitheater
               ,
               of
               about
               a
               mile
               round
               ,
               caused
               by
               the
               fires
               blowing
               up
               the
               upper
               part
               of
               the
               mountain
               several
               times
               with
               great
               violence
               .
               There
               are
               still
               about
               the
               bottom
               of
               this
               great
               cavity
               some
               small
               spiracula
               of
               smoke
               ,
               but
               inconsiderable
               and
               which
               seem'd
               not
               to
               threaten
               any
               future
               eruption
               .
               We
               viewed
               the
               cave
               called
               
                 Grotta
                 di
                 cane
              
               near
               the
               
                 Lago
                 Agnano
              
               .
               
               This
               Grot
               is
               narrow
               and
               short
               .
               Whatever
               others
               have
               written
               or
               said
               to
               the
               contrary
               ,
               a
               man
               may
               without
               any
               great
               prejudice
               go
               into
               and
               continue
               in
               it
               a
               long
               time
               ,
               even
               in
               the
               further
               end
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               some
               of
               us
               did
               above
               an
               hours
               space
               .
               The
               venenose
               vapour
               (
               whether
               it
               be
               purely
               sulphureous
               or
               also
               Arsenical
               )
               ascends
               not
               a
               foot
               from
               the
               ground
               ,
               but
               so
               high
               as
               it
               ascends
               one
               feels
               his
               feet
               and
               legs
               hot
               .
               If
               you
               hold
               your
               head
               down
               near
               the
               ground
               where
               the
               vapour
               is
               ,
               you
               shall
               presently
               find
               a
               fierce
               sulphureous
               twinge
               in
               your
               nose
               ,
               just
               as
               if
               you
               held
               your
               head
               over
               burning
               brimstone
               ,
               or
               more
               violent
               ,
               which
               makes
               a
               man
               stagger
               at
               first
               stroke
               ,
               and
               stifles
               before
               one
               be
               aware
               .
               We
               carried
               with
               us
               a
               dog
               ,
               which
               by
               holding
               his
               nose
               down
               we
               almost
               killed
               suddainly
               ;
               and
               then
               throwing
               him
               into
               the
               lake
               to
               try
               whether
               that
               would
               recover
               him
               (
               as
               is
               generally
               believed
               )
               the
               dog
               
               being
               not
               lively
               enough
               to
               swim
               was
               there
               drowned
               .
               I
               believe
               if
               we
               had
               left
               him
               in
               the
               air
               he
               would
               have
               recovered
               .
               We
               then
               put
               in
               a
               pullet
               ,
               which
               was
               mortified
               immediately
               ;
               next
               a
               frog
               ,
               which
               held
               not
               out
               long
               ;
               and
               last
               of
               all
               a
               serpent
               ,
               which
               lived
               about
               half
               an
               hour
               .
               The
               steam
               ,
               if
               you
               hold
               a
               candle
               where
               it
               comes
               ,
               presently
               puts
               it
               out
               .
               I
               believe
               this
               vapour
               arises
               not
               only
               in
               this
               grot
               precisely
               ,
               but
               also
               all
               heerabout
               ,
               as
               I
               am
               confident
               would
               be
               found
               were
               there
               other
               grots
               dug
               out
               of
               the
               hill
               near
               it
               .
            
             
               Going
               to
               this
               grot
               ;
               
               we
               passed
               through
               the
               vault
               or
               artificial
               high-way
               wherewith
               the
               mountain
               Pausilypus
               is
               perforated
               ,
               made
               by
               one
               Cocceius
               in
               15
               days
               .
               It
               is
               said
               to
               be
               a
               mile
               in
               length
               ,
               but
               we
               judged
               it
               not
               above
               half
               an
               English
               mile
               .
               It
               is
               highest
               at
               each
               end
               ,
               and
               lowest
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               yet
               there
               about
               12
               foot
               high
               ;
               broad
               enough
               for
               two
               carts
               meeting
               to
               pass
               one
               another
               .
               About
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Vault
               it
               is
               so
               dark
               (
               no
               light
               now
               coming
               in
               but
               at
               the
               ends
               )
               that
               those
               who
               meet
               cannot
               see
               one
               another
               ;
               and
               therefore
               lest
               they
               should
               justle
               or
               fall
               foul
               one
               upon
               upon
               another
               ,
               they
               that
               go
               toward
               the
               Sea
               cry
               
                 Alla
                 marina
              
               ,
               and
               they
               which
               go
               into
               the
               Countrey
               cry
               
                 Alla
                 montagna
              
               ,
               so
               each
               take
               their
               left
               hand
               ,
               and
               pass
               commodiously
               .
               The
               ports
               may
               be
               seen
               from
               end
               to
               end
               ,
               and
               any
               where
               in
               the
               mid-way
               ;
               but
               in
               cloudy
               weather
               it
               is
               so
               dark
               in
               the
               middle
               that
               a
               man
               can
               scarce
               see
               his
               hands
               held
               up
               to
               the
               light
               .
               This
               road
               is
               much
               frequented
               ;
               though
               the
               bottom
               be
               stone
               yet
               is
               it
               very
               dusty
               .
               Near
               the
               end
               toward
               Naples
               we
               saw
               a
               window
               at
               the
               top
               .
               They
               that
               write
               of
               this
               grot
               mention
               two
               windows
               made
               by
               Alphonsus
               the
               first
               King
               of
               Naples
               ;
               but
               we
               saw
               only
               this
               ,
               which
               doth
               yield
               but
               little
               light
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Plants
                 we
                 took
                 more
                 especial
                 notice
                 of
                 about
              
               Naples
               
                 were
                 these
              
               ,
               
               Trifolium
               corniculatum
               incanum
               maritimum
               majus
               ;
               Lotus
               siliquis
               Ornithopodii
               ;
               Medica
               orbiculata
               minor
               ;
               Medica
               doliata
               spinosa
               ;
               Jacea
               
               purpurea
               maritima
               capitulo
               spinoso
               Neopolitana
               ;
               Rhamnus
               primus
               Clus
               .
               Stoechas
               citrina
               altera
               tenuifolia
               sive
               Italica
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Linaria
               odorata
               Monspessulana
               ;
               Medica
               marina
               ;
               
                 In
                 litoribus
                 arenosis
                 passim
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 Rocks
                 about
              
               Baiae
               ,
               Puteoli
               ,
               &c.
               Cytisus
               incanus
               ,
               siliquis
               falcatis
               ;
               Acantbus
               sativus
               ;
               Laurus
               Tinus
               caeruleâ
               baccâ
               ;
               Acacia
               altera
               trifolia
               Ger.
               Gnaphalium
               maritimum
               ;
               Sonchus
               Creticus
               foliis
               laciniatis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Chrysanthemi
               Cretici
               duae
               aut
               tres
               differentiae
               ;
               Faba
               Veterum
               serratis
               foliis
               Park
               .
               Moly
               parvum
               caule
               triangulo
               ;
               Centaurium
               luteum
               novum
               Col.
               Cerinthe
               minor
               flore
               luteo
               ;
               Lychnis
               sylvestris
               hirta
               Lob.
               Lychnis
               montana
               viscosa
               alba
               latifolia
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Gramen
               tremulum
               maximum
               ;
               Lagopus
               maximus
               
                 Ger.
                 On
                 the
                 mountain
              
               Vesuius
               
                 or
                 near
                 to
                 it
              
               ,
               Helianthemum
               flore
               maculoso
               Col.
               Trifolium
               stellatum
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Vicia
               seu
               Lathyrus
               gramineo
               folio
               ,
               flore
               coccineo
               ;
               Colutea
               scorpioides
               ;
               Lotus
               arbor
               ;
               Arbutus
               ;
               Linariae
               graminea
               floribus
               congestis
               purpureis
               ;
               Linaria
               purpurea
               magna
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Genista
               Hispanica
               .
               
                 As
                 you
                 go
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Cloyster
                 of
                 the
              
               Camaldulenses
               ,
               Martagon
               Chymistarum
               Lob.
               Aristolochiarotunda
               ;
               Orobus
               sylvaticus
               Viciae
               foliis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Laurus
               ;
               Chrysanthemum
               Bellidis
               folio
               ;
               Digitalis
               lutea
               vel
               pallida
               parvo
               flore
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Hemionitis
               multifida
               ;
               Horminum
               luteum
               glutinosum
               sive
               Colus
               Jovis
               ;
               Trifolium
               bituminosum
               ,
               
                 quo
                 nihil
                 frequentius
                 per
                 totam
                 Italiam
                 ,
                 &
                 Siciliam
              
               ;
               Cytisus
               hirsutus
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 Whole
                 woods
                 of
              
               Chesnut
               ;
               Genista
               Hispanica
               ;
               Colutea
               tum
               vesicaria
               tum
               scorpioides
               ;
               Ferula
               Lob.
               Genista
               tinctoria
               Hispanica
               ;
               Vicia
               floribus
               pallidè
               luteis
               amplissimis
               ;
               After
               montanus
               lutens
               Salicis
               glabro
               folio
               ;
               Millefolium
               odoratum
               ;
               Hesperis
               sylvestris
               latifolia
               flo
               .
               albo
               parvo
               Park
               .
               Androsaemum
               foetidum
               sive
               Tragium
               ,
               Speculum
               veneris
               majus
               ;
               Pancratium
               
                 Lob.
                 In
                 litore
                 Neopolitano
              
               ,
               Lotus
               corniculata
               siliquis
               singularibus
               vel
               binis
               ,
               tenuis
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Tribulus
               terrestris
               copiosissimè
               ;
               Hyoscyamus
               albus
               ;
               Juncus
               cyperoides
               Maritimus
               
                 Ad.
                 Lob.
                 In
                 arenosis
                 maritimis
                 Italiae
                 &
                 Siciliae
                 frequens
                 .
              
               Mala
               insana
               ;
               Italis
               Melongena
               ,
               
               
                 Neapoli
                 in
                 foro
                 olitorio
                 venalia
              
               ;
               Cucumis
               flexuosus
               anguinus
               
                 Lob.
                 ibidem
              
               .
               Cucumeres
               
                 Italis
                 dicuntur
              
               Citrulli
               ;
               
                 Melones
                 aquatici
              
               cucumere
               .
               Cucurbita
               anguina
               
                 Lob.
                 Malus
              
               Limonia
               
                 fructu
                 parvo
              
               ,
               Limoncelles
               
                 dicto
                 ,
                 Neapoli
                 &
                 Messinae
                 .
                 Fructus
                 nucleis
                 caret
                 ,
                 hoc
                 est
                 raros
                 nucleos
                 habet
                 .
              
            
             
               In
               the
               night
               time
               we
               saw
               many
               Fisher-boats
               out
               at
               Sea
               with
               a
               light
               at
               one
               end
               of
               them
               ,
               to
               invite
               the
               Fish
               to
               follow
               the
               Boat
               ,
               where
               stands
               a
               fellow
               with
               an
               instrument
               in
               his
               hand
               like
               a
               mole-spear
               ready
               to
               strike
               them
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               same
               Vessel
               which
               brought
               us
               to
               Naples
               we
               began
               our
               voyage
               to
               Messina
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               
               where
               we
               arrived
               May
               2.
               
               We
               sailed
               in
               sight
               of
               the
               Aeolides
               or
               
                 Vulcaniae
                 insulae
              
               ,
               two
               of
               which
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Stromboli
              
               and
               Vulcano
               ,
               do
               still
               burn
               ;
               and
               Stromboli
               with
               that
               rage
               sometimes
               that
               no
               man
               dares
               live
               upon
               it
               .
               As
               we
               passed
               by
               in
               the
               night-time
               we
               saw
               it
               flame
               .
               It
               is
               difficult
               to
               enter
               in
               at
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               strait
               by
               the
               Faro
               of
               Messina
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               current
               ,
               which
               runs
               heer
               violently
               sometimes
               towards
               Calabria
               ,
               sometimes
               toward
               Sicily
               :
               so
               that
               Mariners
               who
               have
               not
               often
               sailed
               this
               strait
               are
               forced
               to
               hire
               a
               Pilot
               of
               Messina
               to
               conduct
               them
               in
               ;
               who
               for
               the
               most
               part
               when
               they
               see
               any
               Vessel
               coming
               go
               out
               in
               boats
               to
               meet
               it
               ,
               and
               offer
               their
               service
               to
               guide
               it
               into
               the
               Harbour
               ,
               for
               which
               they
               will
               be
               well
               paid
               ;
               our
               Captain
               being
               forced
               to
               give
               ten
               pieces
               of
               Eight
               .
               The
               Haven
               of
               Messina
               is
               very
               commodious
               and
               secure
               ,
               compassed
               almost
               round
               with
               the
               City
               on
               one
               side
               and
               a
               narrow
               languet
               or
               neck
               of
               land
               on
               the
               other
               ,
               resembling
               a
               large
               Fishpond
               .
               The
               City
               makes
               a
               goodly
               show
               as
               one
               comes
               to
               it
               by
               Sea
               ,
               the
               houses
               all
               along
               the
               shore
               being
               built
               of
               Free-stone
               ,
               tall
               and
               uniform
               ,
               and
               having
               a
               fair
               broad
               Key
               before
               them
               .
               But
               the
               streets
               within
               are
               narrow
               ,
               not
               well
               paved
               ,
               nor
               the
               houses
               near
               so
               fair
               .
               So
               that
               it
               is
               a
               Proverb
               ,
               
                 A
                 Mess●na
                 Assai
                 polvere
                 ,
                 pulce
                 &
                 putane
                 .
              
               At
               Messina
               
               you
               have
               dust
               ,
               fleas
               ,
               and
               whores
               store
               .
               This
               City
               pretends
               to
               be
               the
               principal
               and
               metropolis
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               [
               
                 Regni
                 caput
              
               ]
               and
               will
               be
               no
               means
               give
               place
               to
               Palermo
               .
               The
               Vice-roy
               is
               obliged
               to
               reside
               18
               months
               heer
               ,
               and
               18
               at
               Palermo
               .
               They
               stand
               much
               upon
               their
               privileges
               granted
               them
               by
               Charles
               the
               fifth
               Emperor
               ;
               and
               one
               privilege
               they
               have
               ,
               not
               to
               shew
               their
               privileges
               .
               They
               contend
               earnestly
               to
               have
               the
               staple
               or
               monopoly
               of
               Silk
               heer
               ,
               and
               had
               lately
               obtained
               a
               grant
               thereof
               from
               Spain
               :
               but
               the
               Palermitans
               seeing
               how
               much
               this
               would
               redound
               to
               their
               prejudice
               ,
               have
               got
               it
               reversed
               .
               It
               seems
               formerly
               all
               the
               Silk
               made
               in
               Sicily
               was
               vended
               at
               Messina
               ,
               but
               by
               degrees
               Palermo
               hath
               got
               part
               of
               this
               trade
               to
               its
               self
               ,
               and
               now
               pleads
               prescription
               for
               it
               .
               There
               is
               a
               great
               emulation
               and
               enmity
               between
               the
               Palermitans
               and
               Messanese
               ,
               which
               involves
               the
               whole
               Island
               ;
               some
               Cities
               taking
               part
               with
               one
               ,
               and
               some
               with
               the
               other
               .
               The
               titles
               the
               Messanese
               give
               their
               City
               in
               their
               public
               instruments
               and
               writings
               are
               the
               Noble
               and
               Exemplary
               City
               of
               Messina
               .
               The
               Inhabitants
               are
               none
               of
               the
               most
               civil
               ,
               but
               extraordinarily
               proud
               ,
               and
               ready
               to
               expel
               the
               Vice-roy
               if
               he
               displeases
               them
               .
               The
               King
               of
               Spain
               hath
               4
               Castles
               in
               and
               about
               this
               City
               ,
               and
               the
               Citizens
               as
               many
               in
               their
               hands
               .
               
               The
               City
               Gates
               stand
               open
               all
               night
               ,
               so
               that
               its
               free
               for
               any
               man
               to
               enter
               in
               and
               go
               out
               at
               pleasure
               .
               Their
               government
               among
               themselves
               is
               by
               six
               Jurats
               ,
               four
               of
               the
               Gentry
               ,
               and
               two
               of
               the
               Citizens
               .
               They
               are
               chosen
               after
               this
               manner
               .
               Every
               year
               there
               is
               a
               certain
               number
               who
               do
               
                 ambire
                 magistratum
              
               ,
               or
               (
               as
               they
               phrase
               it
               )
               concur
               to
               come
               in
               cap
               ;
               sometimes
               more
               ,
               sometimes
               fewer
               .
               The
               Gentlemen
               chuse
               by
               themselves
               ,
               and
               the
               Citizens
               by
               themselves
               .
               The
               names
               of
               all
               the
               Gentlemen
               of
               aboue
               25
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               and
               likewise
               of
               all
               the
               Artisans
               and
               Tradesmen
               ,
               are
               written
               in
               little
               scrolls
               of
               paper
               ,
               and
               those
               rolled
               up
               and
               cast
               upon
               a
               table
               .
               
               Then
               comes
               in
               the
               Kings
               delegate
               and
               takes
               up
               of
               each
               heap
               of
               these
               scrolls
               to
               the
               number
               of
               36
               ,
               and
               those
               are
               the
               Electors
               .
               These
               Electors
               are
               brought
               into
               a
               room
               where
               are
               boxes
               set
               according
               to
               the
               number
               of
               Competitors
               ,
               and
               have
               balls
               given
               them
               blue
               and
               white
               ;
               the
               blue
               affirmative
               ,
               and
               the
               white
               negative
               ;
               and
               they
               give
               to
               every
               one
               of
               the
               Candidates
               their
               suffrages
               as
               they
               please
               .
               Those
               eight
               of
               the
               Noblemen
               and
               four
               of
               the
               Citizens
               which
               have
               most
               suffrages
               are
               elected
               ,
               and
               come
               in
               cap.
               Now
               on
               the
               first
               of
               May
               these
               12
               have
               their
               names
               written
               in
               little
               scrolls
               of
               paper
               put
               in
               a
               cap
               ;
               and
               a
               little
               boy
               puts
               his
               hand
               in
               ,
               and
               takes
               out
               one
               by
               one
               to
               the
               number
               of
               six
               ;
               and
               those
               six
               are
               the
               Jurats
               for
               that
               year
               .
               The
               Jurats
               for
               the
               Nobility
               though
               they
               be
               the
               greater
               number
               ,
               yet
               can
               they
               do
               nothing
               without
               the
               consent
               of
               one
               of
               the
               Jurats
               for
               the
               Citizens
               .
               After
               all
               this
               stir
               these
               Jurats
               have
               but
               little
               power
               ,
               nothing
               to
               do
               either
               in
               civil
               or
               criminal
               causes
               of
               any
               moment
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Plants
                 we
                 found
                 heer
                 on
                 the
                 baich
                 or
                 languet
                 of
                 land
                 between
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
              
               Messina
               
                 and
                 the
              
               Fretum
               Siculum
               .
               
               Peucedanum
               majus
               Italicum
               ;
               Linaria
               angustifolia
               flore
               luteo
               ,
               vulgapersimilis
               ;
               Sideritis
               verticillis
               spinosis
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Faenugraeco
               sylvestri
               Tragi
               in
               quibusdam
               accedens
               planta
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 Some
                 call
                 this
                 plant
              
               Vicia
               Sesamacea
               Apula
               ;
               
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 fitly
                 titled
              
               Glaux
               peregrina
               annua
               ;
               Vicia
               maritima
               multiflora
               alba
               ,
               Messanensis
               
                 nobis
                 dicta
              
               ;
               Spina
               Solstitialis
               flore
               connivente
               ,
               capitulis
               sessilibus
               ;
               
                 An
                 Solstitialis
                 mitior
                 Apula
              
               Col
               ?
               Thlaspi
               clypeatum
               hieracifolium
               majus
               Park
               .
               Trifolium
               stellatum
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Polygonum
               niveum
               ;
               Securidaca
               siliquis
               planis
               dentatis
               Ger.
               Trifolium
               capitulis
               globosis
               sine
               pediculis
               caulibus
               adnexis
               ;
               In
               Anglia
               
                 hanc
                 speciem
                 nupet
                 invenimus
              
               .
               Gramen
               tremulum
               maximum
               ;
               Melilotus
               Messanensis
               procumbens
               ,
               folliculis
               flavicantibus
               ,
               per
               maturitatem
               ,
               rugosis
               ,
               sublongis
               ,
               spicâ
               florum
               breviore
               ,
               verùm
               seminibus
               grandioribus
               quàm
               
               Meliloti
               vulgaris
               :
               Aegilops
               Narbonensis
               Lob.
               Graminis
               Alopecuroidis
               nova
               species
               :
               Ornithopodium
               majus
               ;
               Ammi
               vulgare
               ;
               Cyminum
               sylvestre
               alterum
               Dioscoridis
               Italorum
               Lob.
               Sysirynchium
               majus
               Ger.
               
            
             
               In
               other
               places
               ,
               especially
               on
               the
               hills
               above
               the
               City
               ,
               
                 Ricinus
                 sive
                 Palma
                 Christi
              
               in
               the
               hedges
               plentifully
               ,
               both
               heer
               and
               in
               other
               places
               of
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Tordylium
                 sive
                 Seseli
                 Creticum
                 minus
              
               Park
               .
               
                 Convolvulus
                 Althaeae
                 folio
                 ;
                 Alsine
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 serrato
                 ,
                 flore
                 caeruleo
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Valeriana
                 Mexicana
                 ;
                 Arbutus
                 ;
                 Sonchus
                 lanatus
              
               Dalechampii
               ;
               
                 Geranium
                 cicutae
                 folio
                 ,
                 acu
                 longissimâ
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Lupinus
                 sylvestris
                 flore
                 caerulèo
                 ;
                 Lupinus
                 flore
                 luteo
                 ;
                 Senecionis
                 an
                 Chrysanthemi
                 species
                 folio
                 Bellidis
                 ;
                 Calix
              
               Senecionis
               calicem
               exactè
               refert
               ,
               verùm
               Flos
               circulum
               habet
               foliorum
               in
               margine
               ad
               modum
               Jacobaeae
               ;
               Plantula
               tenera
               est
               ,
               radicem
               habens
               fibrosam
               ,
               folia
               Bellidis
               .
               
                 Lychnis
                 parva
                 ,
                 folio
                 angusto
                 ,
                 flore
                 rubello
                 .
              
               Ab
               aliis
               facile
               distinguitur
               ,
               quòd
               calyx
               floris
               longus
               sit
               &
               gracilis
               ,
               ipsáque
               florum
               petala
               ad
               unguem
               propè
               fissa
               velut
               Alsines
               .
               
                 Trifolium
                 halicacabu●●
                 sive
                 vesicarium
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Hedysarum
                 clypeatum
              
               Ger.
               
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 &
                 albo
                 ;
                 Trifolium
                 bituminosum
                 ,
              
               ubique
               ;
               
                 Lotus
                 siliquâ
                 quadratâ
              
               Ger.
               
                 Gladiolus
                 Narbonensis
              
               Lob.
               
                 Medica
                 orbiculata
                 lAevis
                 major
                 &
                 minor
                 .
                 Medica
                 fructu
                 ovali
                 echinato
                 ;
                 Scorpioides
                 Bupleuri
                 folio
              
               Ger.
               
                 Anagyris
                 foetida
                 ;
                 Crataegonon
                 seu
                 Euphrasia
                 erecta
                 flore
                 luteo
                 magno
                 ;
                 Radix
              
               huic
               non
               simplex
               sed
               surculosa
               ,
               annua
               .
               Caulis
               erectus
               cubitalis
               aut
               etiam
               altior
               ,
               quadratus
               ,
               nonnihil
               lanuginosus
               .
               Foli●
               plerunque
               ex
               adverso
               bina
               ,
               longa
               ,
               angusta
               ,
               rariùs
               dentata
               ,
               &
               omnino
               foliis
               Crataegoni
               Euphrosynes
               facie
               similia
               .
               Spica
               florum
               in
               summo
               congesta
               ,
               quadrata
               ,
               lanuginosa
               &
               nonnihil
               etiam
               viscida
               .
               Flores
               lutei
               ,
               ampli
               ,
               cucullati
               ,
               figurâ
               florum
               Ladani
               segetum
               .
            
             
               Crataeogonon
               erectum
               flore
               vario
               ex
               albo
               &
               purpureo
               ;
               
                 Priori
                 simillimum
                 est
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 eo
                 praecipuè
                 dissert
                 ,
                 quòd
                 non
                 sit
                 adeò
                 procerum
                 ,
                 quòd
                 caules
                 &
                 aliquando
                 etiam
                 margines
                 foliorum
                 rubeant
                 ,
                 quòd
                 flores
                 minores
                 
                 sint
                 &
                 coloris
                 diversi
                 ;
                 cuculli
                 v.
                 g.
                 rubent
                 ,
                 Labia
                 medio
                 albent
                 ,
                 ad
                 margines
                 rubore
                 diluuntur
                 .
                 Possent
                 hae
                 plantae
                 ad
                 Cristas
                 galli
                 reduci
                 ;
                 nos
                 in
                 catalogo
                 ad
                 Melampyra
                 retulimus
                 .
              
               Holosteum
               Plantagini
               simile
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Gramen
               dactylon
               geminâ
               spicâ
               Asphodelus
               major
               ramofus
               flore
               albo
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               After
               luteus
               foliis
               ad
               florem
               rigidis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Trachelium
               parvum
               ,
               folio
               Bellidis
               subrotundo
               ,
               Radix
               
                 ei
                 alba
                 ,
                 simplex
                 ,
                 lignosa
                 ,
                 annua
                 .
              
               Caulis
               
                 erectus
                 ,
                 striatus
              
               .
               Folia
               
                 alternatim
                 posita
                 ,
                 subrotunda
                 ,
                 sine
                 pediculis
                 caulibus
                 adnexa
                 .
              
               Flores
               Trachelii
               .
               Trifolium
               album
               rectum
               hirsutum
               valdè
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 Dorycnii
                 species
              
               ;
               Medica
               orbiculata
               fructu
               circa
               margines
               dentato
               ,
               
                 an
                 Medica
                 coronata
                 Cherleri
              
               J.
               B.
               Lychnis
               ad
               Pseudomelanthium
               accedens
               ,
               glabra
               feré
               .
               Radico
               
                 nititur
                 albâ
                 ,
                 lignosâ
                 ,
                 unde
                 &
                 planta
                 annua
                 esse
                 videtur
                 .
              
               Caulis
               
                 nunc
                 simplex
                 ab
                 eadem
                 radice
                 exurgit
                 ,
                 nunc
                 multiplex
                 ,
                 vel
                 saltem
                 ab
                 imo
                 statim
                 ramosus
                 ,
                 pro
                 ratione
                 soli
                 in
                 quo
                 nascitur
                 ,
                 geniculatus
                 .
              
               Folia
               
                 ad
                 genicula
                 ex
                 adverso
                 bina
                 ,
                 viridia
                 ,
                 longa
                 ,
                 angusta
                 ,
                 Graminis
                 leucanthemi
                 foliis
                 nonnihil
                 similia
                 ,
                 raris
                 pilis
                 hirsuta
                 .
              
               Flores
               
                 in
                 summitatibus
                 caulis
                 &
                 ramorum
                 pediculis
                 longis
                 insident
                 ,
                 quinquefolii
                 pallidè
                 purpurei
                 ,
                 vice
                 staminum
                 in
                 medio
                 habentes
                 calycem
                 equinque
                 foliolis
                 in
                 summo
                 bifidis
                 compositum
                 ,
                 ut
                 Lychnidis
                 sylvestris
                 flores
                 .
              
               Perianthium
               
                 seu
                 calix
                 floris
                 striatus
                 velut
                 Pseudomelanthii
                 .
                 Semina
                 nondum
                 maturuerant
                 .
              
               Absinthium
               arborescens
               ;
               Paronychia
               sive
               Alsinefolia
               incana
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Androsaemum
               faetidum
               
                 Park
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
              
               Tragium
               ;
               Acanth●s
               ;
               sativus
               ;
               Sedum
               medium
               flore
               albo
               ,
               apicibus
               staminum
               luteis
               ;
               Ferula
               Lob.
               Thapsia
               latifolia
               Hispanica
               Park
               .
               latifolia
               
                 P.
                 Castello
                 in
                 Catal.
                 Messanensi
              
               .
               Hyssopus
               sylvat
               .
               Halimus
               
                 Lob.
                 propè
                 Pharon
                 Messan
                 abundat
                 ,
                 item
                 in
                 arenosis
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 ,
                 versùs
                 meridiem
                 ,
              
               Agnus
               castus
               ibidem
               ;
               Oleander
               ,
               
                 ad
                 aquarum
                 rivulos
                 frequens
              
               ;
               Sorbus
               vulgaris
               domestica
               ;
               Myrtus
               angustifolia
               ;
               Thymelaea
               Ger.
               Hieracium
               calyce
               barbato
               Col.
               Chondrilla
               saxatilis
               viscosa
               ,
               caule
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               Col.
               Acetosa
               Ocymi
               folio
               Neapolitana
               
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               
                 Col.
                 ubíque
                 in
                 Sicilìa
              
               ;
               Scrophularia
               Ruta
               canina
               dicta
               ;
               Linaria
               altera
               botryodes
               montana
               
                 Col.
                 frequens
                 in
                 montosis
              
               ;
               Asteris
               species
               ,
               an
               Baccharis
               Col
               ?
               Daucus
               3
               Dioscoridis
               Col.
               Carduus
               Chrysanthemus
               Narbonensis
               Ger.
               Carduus
               chrysanthemus
               Dod.
               Carlina
               sylvestris
               vulgaris
               Clus
               .
               Psyllium
               vulgare
               ;
               Kali
               majus
               semine
               cochleato
               ;
               Lotus
               arbor
               ;
               Cotinus
               Chamaemespilo
               similis
               ;
               Valeriana
               rubra
               Dod.
               Delphinium
               sylvestre
               ;
               Antirrhinum
               luteum
               Ger.
               Colutea
               scorpioides
               ;
               Chrysocome
               capitulis
               conglobatis
               Ger.
               Alsine
               folio
               crasso
               
                 P.
                 Castel
              
               .
               Lanaria
               sive
               Struthium
               Dioscoridis
               Imp●rato
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 upon
                 the
                 Rocks
              
               .
               Botrys
               vulgaris
               ;
               Marrubium
               album
               fatuum
               
                 P.
                 Castel
              
               .
               Acarna
               flore
               purpuro-rubente
               patulo
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Millefolium
               odoratum
               ;
               Sedum
               echinatum
               vel
               stellatum
               flore
               albo
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Hyacinthus
               comosus
               Ger.
               Anagallis
               caeruleo
               flore
               ,
               
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 meridionali
                 parte
                 Italiae
                 non
                 minùs
                 frequens
                 est
                 quàm
                 flore
                 phoeniceo
                 .
              
               Asparagus
               petraeus
               sive
               Corruda
               Ger.
               Smilax
               aspera
               ;
               Antirrhinum
               minus
               slo
               .
               carneo
               seu
               pallido
               ,
               rictu
               striato
               ;
               Atractylis
               ,
               in
               Italy
               and
               Sicily
               
                 most
                 common
              
               .
               Heliotropium
               majus
               ;
               
                 In
                 barren
                 Fields
                 and
                 among
                 rubbish
                 every
                 where
                 .
              
               Blitum
               rubrum
               minus
               ;
               Buglossum
               angustifolium
               ;
               Carduus
               galactites
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 i.
                 e.
              
               leucographus
               tenuifolius
               M●ssanensis
               
                 P.
                 Castel
              
               .
               Cerinthe
               flo
               .
               pallidè
               luteo
               ;
               Chondrilla
               viminea
               Lob.
               Cicer
               sativum
               ;
               Plurimae
               Astragali
               ,
               Lathyri
               &
               Viciae
               
                 species
                 ,
                 quas
                 tempore
                 exclusi
                 non
                 satis
                 accuratè
                 distinximus
              
               ;
               Cymbalaria
               Italica
               ;
               Cucumis
               asininus
               ;
               
                 qui
                 &
                 hîc
                 &
                 pluribus
              
               Italiae
               ,
               Melitae
               ,
               Siciliaeque
               
                 locis
                 ruderatis
                 frequens
                 occurrit
              
               .
               Hyoscyamus
               albus
               major
               &
               minor
               ,
               
                 which
                 sort
                 only
                 we
                 found
                 in
              
               Italy
               and
               Sicily
               ;
               Juncus
               acutus
               maritimus
               capitulis
               rotundis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Stoebe
               Salamantica
               prima
               Clusiii
               Park
               .
               Caucalis
               maritima
               supina
               echinato
               magno
               fructu
               ;
               
                 Ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 ubique
                 tam
                 in
              
               Sicilia
               
                 quàm
                 in
              
               Italia
               ,
               Nigella
               arvensis
               ;
               Oxys
               lutea
               ;
               Ger.
               Reseda
               major
               flore
               albo
               ;
               Rhamnus
               salicis
               folio
               ;
               
                 i.
                 e.
              
               Oleaster
               Germanicus
               Cordi
               ,
               
                 ut
                 vult
                 P.
                 Castel
              
               .
               Satureia
               S.
               Juliani
               
               Ger.
               Scrophularia
               urticae
               folio
               ;
               Linaria
               pusilla
               ,
               procumbens
               latifolia
               ,
               flore
               albo
               ,
               rictu
               luteo
               .
               Radix
               
                 huic
                 simplex
                 quidem
                 ,
                 verùm
                 multis
                 fibris
                 majusculis
                 stipata
                 ,
                 sublutea
                 ,
                 annua
                 .
              
               Cauliculi
               
                 exinde
                 emergunt
                 plures
                 infirmi
                 ,
                 rotundi
                 ,
                 glauci
                 .
              
               Folia
               
                 Polygoni
                 foliorum
                 figurâ
                 sed
                 minora
                 ,
                 glauca
                 ,
                 nunc
                 bina
                 ex
                 adverso
                 nunc
                 terna
                 &
                 interdum
                 etiam
                 quaterna
                 simul
                 ad
                 eundem
                 exortum
                 ,
                 &
                 proinde
                 ramuli
                 nunc
                 singuli
                 ,
                 nunc
                 bini
                 ,
                 nunc
                 terni
                 simul
                 .
              
               Flores
               
                 longis
                 pedicellis
                 subnixi
                 ,
                 albi
                 ,
                 rictu
                 luteo
                 ,
                 calcaribus
                 tenuibus
                 longissimis
                 ;
                 pars
                 illa
                 floris
                 quae
                 erigitur
                 ,
                 in
                 medio
                 ●●ssa
                 in
                 duas
                 velut
                 auriculas
                 dividitur
                 .
                 Florem
                 quinque
                 circunstant
                 foliola
                 viridia
                 pro
                 calice
                 .
                 Postquam
                 flos
                 evanuit
                 pediculus
                 ejus
                 deorsum
                 incurvatur
                 .
              
               Vasculum
               seminale
               
                 rotundum
                 apparet
                 ,
                 Anagallidis
                 vasculo
                 simile
                 ;
                 Verùm
                 si
                 curiosè
                 spectetur
                 ,
                 duos
                 habet
                 lobos
                 seminibus
                 repletos
                 pusillis
                 ,
                 ruffis
                 .
                 Frequens
                 est
              
               Messanae
               
                 in
                 vineis
                 &
                 hortis
                 .
                 Quam
                 primùm
                 semen
                 maturescit
                 vasculum
                 seminale
                 dehiscit
                 ,
                 adeò
                 ut
                 difficile
                 sit
                 ejus
                 semina
                 colligere
                 .
              
               Hyssopoides
               major
               flore
               grandiore
               ;
               Melissae
               quaedam
               species
               
                 non
                 descr
              
               .
               Tithymalus
               arboreus
               ;
               Tithymalus
               folio
               longo
               glauco
               ,
               caule
               rubro
               ,
               seminibus
               ver●ueosis
               ;
               Teucrium
               arborescens
               lucidum
               ;
               Iberis
               Cardamantica
               ;
               Alaternus
               ;
               Elatine
               flore
               caeruleo
               ;
               Cyperus
               paniculis
               squamosis
               ;
               
                 which
                 I
                 take
                 to
                 have
                 been
              
               Trasi
               ,
               
                 but
                 we
                 regarded
                 not
                 the
                 root
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               Anthyllis
               leguminosa
               flore
               rubro
               ;
               Erica
               ramulis
               per
               intervall●
               ternis
               ;
               Chamaecistus
               annuus
               flore
               luteo
               ,
               Vrtica
               Romana
               ,
               passim
               ;
               Securidaca
               minor
               Ad.
               Lagopus
               altera
               angustifolia
               Lob.
               Coronopus
               foliis
               acutis
               in
               margine
               dentatis
               .
            
             
               And
               now
               that
               I
               have
               named
               so
               many
               Strangers
               ,
               let
               no
               man
               imagine
               that
               there
               are
               no
               Plants
               common
               to
               Sicily
               and
               England
               ;
               for
               that
               is
               so
               far
               from
               being
               true
               ,
               that
               I
               believe
               there
               be
               but
               few
               Plants
               growing
               in
               England
               but
               may
               somewhere
               or
               other
               be
               found
               in
               Sicily
               .
               There
               is
               in
               this
               respect
               great
               difference
               between
               Northern
               and
               Southern
               Countreys
               ,
               the
               Southern
               having
               a
               vast
               number
               of
               species
               which
               
               the
               Northern
               miss
               ,
               whereas
               the
               Northern
               have
               but
               few
               which
               are
               wanting
               in
               the
               Southern
               .
               And
               the
               reason
               is
               obvious
               ,
               because
               there
               are
               places
               in
               Southern
               Countreys
               which
               agree
               with
               the
               Northern
               in
               the
               temperature
               of
               the
               air
               ;
               as
               for
               example
               ,
               the
               sides
               and
               tops
               of
               mountains
               :
               but
               no
               places
               in
               the
               Northern
               which
               have
               like
               temperature
               of
               air
               with
               the
               Southern
               .
               Form
               this
               experiment
               I
               have
               made
               in
               comparing
               England
               with
               Sicily
               I
               am
               induced
               to
               believe
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               are
               scarce
               any
               two
               Countreys
               in
               this
               Continent
               so
               far
               remote
               the
               one
               from
               the
               other
               ,
               but
               they
               have
               some
               common
               plants
               ,
               however
               it
               be
               thought
               there
               be
               none
               common
               to
               America
               and
               this
               Continent
               ;
               which
               I
               cannot
               but
               wonder
               at
               ,
               and
               wish
               it
               were
               more
               diligently
               enquired
               into
               .
            
             
               We
               hired
               a
               Feluca
               to
               carry
               us
               to
               Malta
               and
               back
               again
               .
               
               The
               first
               day
               being
               May
               6.
               we
               had
               a
               brisk
               gale
               of
               wind
               ,
               
               which
               brought
               us
               into
               Catania
               ,
               60
               miles
               distant
               from
               Messina
               ,
               by
               3
               of
               the
               clock
               afternoon
               .
               Heer
               as
               in
               Spain
               we
               were
               fain
               to
               go
               into
               the
               Market
               to
               buy
               all
               our
               provision
               of
               bread
               ,
               meat
               ,
               and
               drink
               our selves
               .
               This
               is
               but
               a
               mean
               Town
               ,
               only
               some
               good
               Cloysters
               there
               are
               in
               it
               .
               We
               heard
               much
               of
               S.
               Agatha
               their
               peculiar
               protecteress
               .
               May
               7.
               
               We
               proceeded
               as
               far
               as
               Syracusa
               ,
               40
               miles
               by
               the
               way
               we
               had
               in
               prospect
               Augusta
               ,
               
               famous
               for
               the
               goodness
               of
               the
               wine
               there
               made
               ,
               and
               sent
               abroad
               to
               
                 Messina
                 ,
                 Malta
              
               ,
               and
               other
               places
               .
            
             
               Syracusa
               that
               now
               is
               stands
               in
               a
               Peninsula
               ,
               
               and
               is
               only
               that
               part
               of
               the
               ancient
               Syracusae
               called
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               It
               is
               at
               present
               but
               a
               small
               City
               ,
               indifferently
               well
               built
               and
               thinly
               inhabited
               .
               It
               is
               fortified
               with
               very
               strong
               walls
               and
               bastions
               ,
               especially
               towards
               the
               land
               .
               These
               works
               they
               told
               us
               were
               made
               by
               the
               
                 Knights
                 Hospitallers
              
               ,
               when
               they
               were
               driven
               out
               of
               Rhodes
               by
               the
               Turks
               .
               They
               then
               intended
               to
               have
               settled
               themselves
               heer
               ,
               but
               the
               Emperor
               Charles
               V.
               not
               liking
               their
               company
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               gave
               them
               
               Malta
               .
               About
               a
               mile
               and
               half
               from
               the
               present
               City
               we
               saw
               some
               ruines
               of
               the
               ancient
               Syracusae
               ,
               among
               other
               things
               the
               rudera
               of
               an
               Amphitheater
               .
               We
               saw
               also
               what
               is
               commonly
               shew'd
               to
               all
               Strangers
               ,
               
               the
               Grot
               at
               present
               called
               
                 orecchio
                 di
                 Dionysio
              
               or
               Dionysius
               his
               ear
               ,
               becuase
               it
               is
               hewn
               out
               of
               the
               Rock
               in
               fashion
               of
               a
               mans
               ear
               .
               They
               fancy
               that
               Dionysius
               had
               a
               Chamber
               above
               this
               Cave
               or
               Grot
               ,
               wherein
               he
               sate
               and
               over-heard
               whatever
               was
               spoken
               or
               but
               whispered
               in
               the
               Grot
               below
               ,
               where
               he
               used
               to
               put
               suspected
               persons
               together
               in
               prison
               .
               The
               Grot
               is
               cut
               out
               of
               the
               side
               of
               a
               high
               Cliff
               or
               Rock
               ,
               and
               is
               it self
               very
               high
               ,
               and
               goes
               a
               little
               winding
               ,
               but
               is
               not
               long
               .
               In
               our
               return
               from
               Malta
               we
               entred
               into
               and
               viewed
               one
               of
               the
               ancient
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               or
               burying
               places
               ,
               
               which
               they
               all
               Catacumbe
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               there
               are
               several
               both
               heer
               and
               in
               Malta
               .
               That
               we
               entred
               into
               was
               of
               S.
               
               Antonio's
               Church
               .
               Heerin
               were
               many
               vaulted
               or
               arched
               walks
               hewn
               out
               of
               the
               Rock
               ,
               and
               on
               each
               hand
               all
               along
               other
               vaults
               at
               right
               angles
               with
               them
               ,
               the
               floor
               or
               bottom
               of
               which
               lateral
               vaults
               was
               some
               foot
               and
               half
               higher
               then
               the
               floor
               of
               the
               main
               walk
               ,
               and
               all
               hewn
               into
               troughs
               or
               loculi
               ,
               wherein
               they
               deposited
               their
               dead
               bodies
               ;
               in
               some
               of
               these
               were
               20
               loculi
               ,
               in
               some
               more
               ,
               in
               some
               less
               .
               In
               this
               coemeterium
               at
               intervals
               are
               round
               rooms
               or
               halls
               cupoloed
               ,
               where
               several
               of
               the
               forementioned
               walks
               meet
               :
               for
               the
               whole
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               maze
               or
               labyrinth
               ,
               and
               very
               difficult
               to
               thread
               ,
               being
               of
               a
               huge
               extent
               :
               so
               that
               I
               believe
               there
               were
               many
               thousands
               of
               bodies
               laid
               up
               heer
               .
               These
               cuniculi
               or
               vaulted
               walks
               are
               in
               many
               places
               earth'd
               and
               stopt
               up
               by
               stones
               and
               rubbish
               fallen
               from
               the
               roof
               .
               They
               told
               us
               that
               the
               Vault
               of
               S.
               Lucia
               reacht
               as
               far
               as
               Catania
               under
               ground
               ,
               which
               though
               it
               be
               a
               monstrous
               untruth
               ,
               yet
               we
               may
               thence
               gather
               ,
               
                 Multum
                 esse
                 quod
                 vero
                 supersit
              
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 wind
                 being
                 contrary
                 we
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 make
              
               
               
               
                 use
                 of
                 our
                 oars
              
               ,
               
               
                 and
                 rowed
                 as
                 far
                 as
              
               Capo
               Passaro
               ,
               
                 anciently
                 called
              
               Promontorium
               Pachynum
               ,
               40
               
                 miles
                 distant
                 from
              
               Syracuse
               .
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 utmost
                 point
                 of
                 land
                 stands
                 a
                 little
                 Castle
                 held
                 by
                 a
                 Garrison
                 of
                 about
                 20
                 men
                 .
                 This
                 Castle
                 stands
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Island
                 ,
                 made
                 so
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 not
                 long
                 since
                 brake
                 it
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 land
                 .
                 The
                 wind
                 being
                 contrary
                 and
                 blowing
                 a
                 stiff
                 gale
                 made
                 the
                 Sea
                 so
                 rough
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 dared
                 not
                 venture
                 out
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 rest
                 heer
                 2
                 nights
                 .
                 Howbeit
                 we
                 entertained
                 our
                 time
                 pleasantly
                 enough
                 in
                 searching
                 out
                 and
                 describing
                 of
                 plants
                 ,
                 which
                 this
                 little
                 Island
                 afforded
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 .
              
               
               
                 v.
                 g.
              
               Lotus
               siliquâ
               quadratâ
               Ger.
               Lotus
               siliquis
               Ornithopodii
               ;
               Lotus
               edulis
               Creticus
               
                 Park
                 .
                 fortè
              
               Lotopisum
               Belli
               ,
               
                 which
                 we
                 found
                 also
                 about
              
               Naples
               ,
               
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 there
                 mentioned
                 .
              
               Lentiscus
               ;
               Chamaerrhiphes
               sive
               Palma
               minor
               ;
               Limonium
               folio
               sinuato
               Ger.
               Chrysanthemum
               Cretioum
               Ger.
               Aster
               luteus
               foliis
               ad
               florem
               rigidis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Medica
               magna
               turbinata
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Auricula
               muris
               Cameraii
               ,
               Medica
               doliata
               spinosa
               ;
               Gnaphalium
               roseum
               Park
               .
               Hedysarum
               clypeatum
               minus
               flore
               purpureo
               ;
               Onobrychis
               fructu
               echinato
               minor
               
                 C.
                 B.
                 Fiores
                 huic
                 parvi
                 purpurei
                 ,
                 semen
                 grande
              
               ;
               Trifolium
               halicacabum
               sive
               vesicarium
               ;
               Asphodelus
               major
               ramosus
               flore
               albo
               ;
               Asph
               .
               luteus
               ,
               sive
               Hasta
               regia
               ;
               Asp
               .
               minor
               Clus.
               Echium
               procumbens
               flore
               parvo
               caeruleo
               ;
               ornithogalum
               spicatum
               Ger.
               Jacea
               lutea
               capite
               spinoso
               ;
               Carduns
               lacteus
               peregrinus
               Cam.
               an
               potiùs
               Silybum
               majus
               annuum
               Park
               ?
               Carduns
               galactites
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Teucrinm
               Baeticum
               Ger.
               Tragopogon
               perenne
               foliis
               angustis
               incanis
               ,
               floribus
               dilutè
               caeruleis
               ,
               
                 an
                 potiùs
              
               Scorzonera
               dicenda
               ?
               Sanamunda
               tertia
               Clus
               .
               Anonis
               viscosa
               ,
               spinis
               carens
               lutea
               major
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Convolvulus
               coeruleus
               minor
               ,
               folio
               oblongo
               Ger.
               Ammi
               vulgare
               &
               foliis
               mag
               incisis
               Meda
               orbiculata
               major
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Tordylium
               majus
               ;
               Scorpioides
               Bupleuri
               folio
               ;
               Crithmum
               spinosum
               sive
               Pastinaca
               marina
               ;
               Passerina
               Lob.
               Aparine
               semine
               Coriandri
               Saccharato
               ;
               Trifolium
               
               stellatum
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Cerinthe
               flore
               luteo
               ;
               Melissa
               peregrina
               flore
               albo
               ,
               Cortex
               
                 ramulorum
                 antiquiorum
                 (
                 caules
                 enim
                 perennant
                 )
                 cinereus
                 ,
                 juniorum
                 ruber
                 .
              
               Caules
               quadrati
               .
               Folia
               
                 bina
                 ex
                 adverso
                 ,
                 quàm
                 Melissae
                 minora
                 ,
                 pediculis
                 satis
                 longis
                 subnixa
                 .
              
               Flores
               
                 cucullati
                 albi
                 ,
                 cum
                 aliqua
                 tamen
                 ruboris
                 mixtura
                 .
              
               Vascula
               
                 seminalia
                 qualia
                 Moluccae
                 laevis
                 ferè
                 ,
                 excepto
                 quòd
                 in
                 5
                 lacinias
                 dividantur
                 ,
                 duabus
                 inferiùs
                 ,
                 tribus
                 superiùs
                 sitis
                 .
              
               Semina
               
                 itidem
                 qualia
                 Moluccae
                 .
                 Odor
                 plantae
                 gravis
                 .
              
               Nigella
               arvensis
               ;
               Sysirynchinum
               majus
               ;
               Limonium
               parvum
               Narbonense
               oleaefolium
               ;
               Cichorea
               spinosa
               Cretica
               Ponae
               ;
               Daucus
               lucidus
               ;
               Asparagus
               petraeus
               sive
               Corruda
               ;
               Tragos
               sive
               Vva
               marina
               major
               herbariorum
               Lob.
               Beta
               Cretica
               spinosa
               Park
               .
               Trifolium
               capitulis
               glomeratis
               ,
               glomerulis
               spinosis
               ;
               Linum
               sylvestre
               caeruleum
               ;
               Caltha
               arvensis
               ;
               Atractylis
               ;
               Cruciata
               minima
               muralis
               Col.
               Coronopus
               folils
               acutis
               in
               margine
               dentatis
               ,
               
                 i.
                 e.
              
               Plantagini
               affinis
               Bibinella
               Siciliae
               herbula
               ,
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Malva
               flo
               .
               carneo
               minore
               ;
               Ex
               radice
               
                 alba
                 simplici
                 plures
                 emittit
              
               caules
               
                 humi
                 procumbentes
                 ,
                 hirsutos
                 ,
                 superna
                 parte
                 rubentes
                 .
              
               Folia
               
                 ima
                 subrotunda
                 ,
                 longis
                 pediculis
                 annexa
                 ;
                 quae
                 in
                 caulibus
                 sunt
                 in
                 tres
                 aut
                 quinque
                 lacinias
                 dissecta
                 ,
                 hirsuta
                 &
                 circa
                 margines
                 crenata
                 .
              
               Flores
               
                 parvi
                 ,
                 quinquefolii
                 ,
                 carnei
              
               .
               Semina
               
                 qualia
                 malvae
                 vulgaris
              
               ;
               Alaternus
               ;
               Phillyrea
               latifolia
               seu
               serrata
               secunda
               Clus
               .
               Glaux
               peregrina
               annua
               ;
               Iva
               moschata
               Monspeliensium
               ;
               Asparagus
               sylvest
               .
               spinosus
               Clus
               .
               Sedum
               minus
               luteum
               ramulis
               reflexis
               ;
               Geranium
               procumbens
               Althaeoe
               folio
               .
            
             
               We
               put
               to
               Sea
               again
               ,
               
               but
               the
               wind
               still
               continuing
               contrary
               ,
               and
               the
               Sea
               very
               rough
               ,
               when
               we
               were
               gotten
               about
               half
               over
               the
               channel
               ,
               we
               were
               forced
               to
               return
               back
               again
               to
               the
               
                 primo
                 terreno
              
               of
               
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 viz.
              
               the
               Castle
               of
               Puzallu
               .
               The
               greatness
               of
               the
               waves
               not
               permitting
               us
               to
               come
               ashore
               there
               ,
               we
               rowed
               6
               miles
               further
               South
               ,
               and
               put
               in
               at
               a
               little
               Cove
               called
               the
               Harbour
               of
               
                 Punto
                 Cerciolo
              
               .
               
               The
               weather
               continuing
               foul
               we
               were
               deteined
               heer
               3
               days
               ,
               
               having
               no
               other
               shelter
               then
               a
               pitiful
               small
               hut
               o●
               two
               ,
               which
               the
               two
               Sentinels
               (
               who
               stand
               constantly
               at
               this
               point
               to
               watch
               and
               give
               notice
               to
               the
               Countrey
               of
               the
               coming
               of
               Corsairs
               )
               had
               set
               up
               for
               themselves
               to
               creep
               into
               in
               stormy
               weather
               .
               We
               should
               have
               been
               glad
               of
               fresh
               straw
               to
               lie
               in
               ,
               having
               nothing
               in
               our
               kennel
               but
               old
               short
               straw
               ,
               so
               full
               of
               fleas
               that
               we
               were
               not
               able
               to
               sleep
               in
               it
               .
               Our
               diet
               was
               the
               blood
               and
               flesh
               of
               Sea-tortoises
               ,
               that
               our
               Sea-men
               took
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               and
               bread
               we
               brought
               along
               with
               us
               .
               Wine
               we
               got
               at
               house
               about
               half
               a
               mile
               off
               our
               lodging
               ,
               but
               when
               our
               bread
               failed
               we
               were
               fain
               to
               send
               8
               miles
               for
               more
               :
               Fish
               or
               flesh
               we
               could
               get
               none
               .
               This
               stop
               gave
               us
               leisure
               enough
               to
               search
               the
               shores
               and
               neighbouring
               Countrey
               for
               plants
               ;
               
               of
               which
               we
               found
               ,
               
                 Panax
                 Herculeum
                 majus
              
               Ger.
               
                 Cinara
                 sylvestris
              
               Ger.
               
                 Ruta
                 sylvestris
                 ;
                 Limonium
                 elegans
                 Raumolfii
                 ;
                 Beta
                 Cretica
                 spinosa
              
               Park
               .
               
                 Medica
                 orbiculata
                 fructu
                 minore
                 ;
                 Med.
                 orbiculata
                 elegans
                 ,
                 fructu
                 circum
                 oras
                 rugoso
                 ;
                 Hypericum
                 foliis
                 parvis
                 crispis
                 seu
                 sinuatis
                 ;
                 Perfoliata
                 angustifolia
                 montana
              
               Col.
               
                 Siliqua
                 arbor
                 seu
                 Panis
                 S.
                 Joannis
                 ;
                 Medica
                 marina
                 ;
                 Anonis
                 lutea
                 parva
                 procumbens
                 .
              
               In
               arenosis
               nascitur
               radice
               albâ
               ,
               longâ
               ,
               simplici
               ,
               fibris
               nunc
               paucioribus
               nunc
               pluribus
               &
               majoribus
               donatâ
               Folia
               ei
               parva
               ,
               tripartitò
               divisa
               ,
               pediculis
               nullis
               ,
               verùm
               duae
               inferiores
               partes
               cauli
               adjacent
               ut
               in
               Lotis
               fit
               ,
               ac
               proinde
               haec
               planta
               eodem
               modo
               trifolia
               est
               quo
               Loti
               quinquefoliae
               .
               Quinetiam
               folia
               saturè
               viridia
               sunt
               ,
               in
               margine
               eleganter
               dentata
               ,
               alternatim
               posita
               .
               Flores
               lutei
               Anonidis
               vulgaris
               .
               Siliquae
               breves
               ,
               tumidae
               ,
               subrotundae
               ,
               duobus
               intus
               ordinibus
               seminum
               figurâ
               lienis
               praeditorum
               .
               In
               arenosis
               maris
               litoribus
               circa
               Siciliam
               frequens
               ,
               v.
               g.
               propè
               Cataniam
               ,
               circa
               Promontorium
               Pachynum
               &
               hoc
               in
               loco
               .
               
                 Cistus
                 mas
                 4
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 ,
                 albido
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Lotus
                 flore
                 luteo
                 ,
                 corniculis
                 articulatis
                 .
                 Radix
              
               ei
               simplex
               alba
               ,
               in
               nonnullis
               
               tamen
               plantis
               ima
               parte
               in
               fibras
               spargitur
               .
               Cauliculi
               plures
               in
               terram
               procumbentes
               .
               Folia
               glauca
               ,
               pentaphylla
               si
               auriculas
               ad
               caulem
               hinc
               indè
               appositas
               adnumeres
               .
               Flores
               parvi
               ,
               lutei
               ,
               Trifolii
               corniculati
               sed
               minores
               ,
               ad
               nodos
               nunc
               singuli
               nunc
               bini
               ,
               &
               interdum
               etiam
               terni
               .
               Siliquae
               graciles
               ,
               longae
               ,
               contortae
               in
               spiram
               seu
               corniculatae
               ,
               articulatae
               ,
               semina
               oblonga
               in
               singulis
               internodiis
               continentes
               .
               
                 Caucalis
                 maritima
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Smyrnium
                 Creticum
                 ;
                 Gladiolus
                 Narbonensis
                 ;
                 Polium
                 montanum
                 album
                 ;
                 Saxifragia
                 Venetorum
              
               Ad.
               
                 Psyllium
                 vulgare
                 ;
                 Acanthium
                 Illyricum
                 ;
                 Telephium
                 scorpioides
              
               Anguillarae
               :
               
                 Tragos
                 sive
                 uva
                 marina
                 major
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Opuntia
                 marina
              
               ,
               in
               litus
               rejecta
               ,
               and
               many
               others
               before
               observed
               in
               other
               places
               .
            
             
               The
               wind
               ceasing
               we
               put
               to
               Sea
               again
               ,
               
               and
               had
               a
               very
               good
               passage
               over
               to
               Malta
               .
               
               By
               the
               way
               we
               saw
               our
               Seamen
               take
               several
               Tortoises
               on
               this
               manner
               .
               When
               they
               espy
               a
               Tortoise
               floting
               on
               the
               top
               of
               the
               water
               (
               as
               they
               can
               easily
               do
               at
               a
               good
               distance
               )
               with
               as
               little
               noise
               as
               they
               can
               possibly
               they
               bring
               their
               boat
               up
               close
               to
               him
               ;
               then
               they
               either
               catch
               him
               with
               their
               hands
               and
               draw
               him
               up
               into
               the
               boat
               ,
               or
               if
               they
               cannot
               get
               near
               enough
               to
               do
               so
               ,
               one
               leaps
               out
               of
               the
               boat
               into
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               turns
               the
               Tortoise
               on
               his
               back
               ,
               and
               then
               with
               ease
               drives
               him
               before
               him
               up
               to
               the
               boat
               ;
               the
               Tortoise
               being
               not
               able
               to
               turn
               himself
               or
               swim
               away
               on
               his
               back
               .
               They
               say
               (
               and
               it
               is
               not
               unlikely
               )
               that
               the
               Tortoise
               while
               he
               flotes
               thus
               upon
               the
               water
               sleeps
               ;
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               why
               they
               are
               so
               still
               and
               make
               so
               little
               noise
               in
               bringing
               their
               boat
               up
               to
               him
               .
               
               One
               of
               these
               Tortoises
               which
               they
               caught
               had
               two
               great
               bunches
               of
               those
               they
               call
               Bernacle-shells
               sticking
               or
               growing
               to
               his
               back
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               them
               the
               largest
               and
               fairest
               of
               that
               kind
               which
               we
               have
               seen
               .
               As
               for
               that
               opinion
               of
               a
               bird
               breeding
               in
               them
               (
               which
               some
               
               have
               affirmed
               with
               much
               confidence
               ,
               (
               and
               of
               which
               
                 Michael
                 Meyerus
              
               hath
               written
               a
               whole
               Book
               )
               it
               is
               without
               all
               doubt
               false
               and
               frivolous
               .
               The
               Bernacles
               which
               are
               said
               to
               be
               bred
               in
               them
               being
               hatcht
               of
               eggs
               of
               their
               own
               laying
               like
               other
               birds
               ;
               the
               Hollanders
               in
               their
               third
               Voyage
               to
               discover
               the
               Northeast
               passage
               to
               Cathaia
               and
               China
               ,
               in
               80
               degrees
               ,
               11
               minutes
               of
               Northern
               latitude
               ,
               having
               found
               two
               Islands
               ,
               in
               one
               of
               which
               they
               observed
               a
               great
               number
               of
               these
               Geese
               sitting
               on
               their
               eggs
               ,
               &c.
               as
               Dr.
               Johnson
               relates
               out
               of
               Pontanus
               .
               As
               for
               these
               shells
               ,
               they
               are
               a
               kind
               of
               
                 Balanus
                 marinus
              
               ,
               as
               
                 Fabius
                 Columna
              
               proves
               ,
               never
               coming
               to
               be
               other
               then
               what
               they
               are
               ,
               but
               only
               growing
               in
               bigness
               as
               other
               shells
               do
               .
               All
               the
               ground
               of
               this
               fancy
               (
               as
               I
               conceive
               )
               is
               because
               this
               fish
               hath
               a
               bunch
               of
               cirri
               ,
               somewhat
               resembling
               a
               tuft
               of
               Feathers
               ,
               or
               the
               tail
               a
               Bird
               ,
               which
               it
               sometimes
               puts
               out
               into
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               draws
               back
               again
               .
               We
               were
               much
               surprised
               to
               find
               of
               this
               shell-fish
               in
               these
               Seas
               so
               southernly
               and
               far
               from
               the
               scene
               of
               the
               Bernaclefable
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               now
               set
               down
               what
               plants
               we
               found
               about
               Catania
               and
               Syracusa
               .
               About
               Catania
               ,
               
               
                 Scammonea
                 Monspeliacoe
                 affinis
              
               Park
               .
               
                 Plumbago
                 Plinii
                 ;
                 Aganus
                 castus
              
               ;
               which
               two
               we
               observed
               also
               in
               many
               other
               places
               .
               
                 Cruciata
                 marina
                 ,
                 Anonis
                 marina
                 procumbens
                 flore
                 luteo
                 ,
              
               jam
               descripta
               ;
               
                 Sedum
                 minimum
                 non
                 acre
                 totum
                 rubrum
                 ,
                 flore
                 hexaphyllo
                 purpureo
                 .
              
               Upon
               Mount
               Aetua
               we
               found
               Tragacantha
               C.
               B.
               Towards
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Mountain
               we
               observed
               Barberry-trees
               growing
               plentifully
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               rare
               shrub
               in
               hot
               Countreys
               ,
               and
               which
               we
               found
               no
               where
               else
               in
               Italy
               or
               Sicily
               .
               At
               Messina
               they
               shewed
               us
               for
               a
               rare
               plant
               the
               common
               Goose-berry
               bush
               .
               About
               
                 Syracusa
                 ,
                 Thymum
                 Creticum
              
               Ger.
               
                 Origanum
                 flore
                 albo
                 ,
                 capitulis
                 squammatis
                 rotundis
                 ;
                 Verbascum
              
               
               4
               Matthioli
               .
               The
               same
               kind
               of
               Melissa
               we
               found
               about
               Messina
               ,
               and
               have
               already
               described
               ;
               
                 Teucrium
                 Baeticum
                 ;
                 Jacea
                 lutea
                 capitulis
                 spinosis
                 ;
                 Lagopus
                 quaedam
                 procumbens
                 spicâ
                 longiore
                 ;
                 Anonis
                 purpurea
                 minima
                 supina
                 non
                 spinosa
                 .
              
               Many
               others
               we
               might
               doubtless
               have
               found
               had
               it
               been
               safe
               for
               us
               to
               have
               searched
               the
               Rocks
               near
               this
               City
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               MALTA
               .
            
             
               THE
               Island
               of
               Malta
               is
               20
               miles
               long
               ,
               12
               miles
               broad
               ,
               and
               60
               miles
               in
               circuit
               ;
               distant
               from
               the
               
                 primo
                 terreno
              
               or
               nearest
               part
               of
               Sicily
               60
               miles
               ;
               from
               the
               Cape
               of
               Calipia
               anciently
               called
               
                 Promontorium
                 Mercurii
              
               ,
               the
               nearest
               point
               of
               the
               Continent
               of
               Africa
               ,
               200
               miles
               ,
               (
               as
               divers
               of
               the
               most
               skilful
               and
               experienced
               Pilots
               did
               affirm
               to
               Abela
               for
               an
               undoubted
               truth
               )
               from
               the
               Cape
               of
               Spartivento
               in
               Italy
               but
               190.
               
               So
               that
               upon
               account
               of
               vicinity
               it
               is
               rather
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               Europe
               than
               Africa
               ;
               especially
               if
               we
               allow
               Sicily
               to
               have
               been
               of
               old
               time
               united
               to
               and
               so
               part
               of
               the
               Continent
               .
               The
               reason
               why
               others
               make
               it
               a
               member
               of
               Africa
               is
               because
               the
               present
               Inhabitants
               of
               the
               Countrey
               speak
               a
               kind
               of
               Moresco
               or
               Arabic
               .
            
             
               The
               old
               City
               ,
               called
               
                 Città
                 notabile
              
               ,
               situate
               about
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Island
               ,
               hath
               35
               degrees
               ,
               15
               minutes
               of
               Northern
               latitude
               ,
               and
               the
               longest
               day
               there
               is
               of
               14
               hours
               ,
               52
               minutes
               .
            
             
               I
               am
               not
               ignorant
               that
               Heylin
               and
               others
               ,
               who
               reckon
               this
               among
               the
               Isles
               of
               Africa
               ,
               place
               it
               nearer
               the
               Coast
               of
               Barbary
               ,
               assign
               it
               less
               latitude
               ,
               and
               allow
               the
               longest
               day
               no
               more
               then
               14
               hours
               ;
               but
               I
               do
               in
               these
               and
               other
               particulars
               follow
               the
               more
               accurate
               observations
               of
               
                 Johannes
                 Franciscus
                 Abela
              
               ,
               a
               learned
               man
               and
               native
               of
               this
               Island
               ,
               in
               his
               
                 Malta
                 illustrata
              
               ,
               written
               in
               Italian
               and
               published
               in
               
                 Malta
                 ,
                 Anno
              
               1646.
               in
               folio
               .
            
             
               The
               whole
               Island
               from
               the
               shallowness
               of
               its
               soil
               ,
               there
               being
               in
               few
               places
               above
               two
               foot
               depth
               of
               
               of
               earth
               before
               you
               come
               to
               firm
               stone
               ;
               and
               from
               the
               lowness
               of
               its
               situation
               ,
               not
               much
               elevated
               above
               the
               level
               of
               the
               water
               and
               having
               no
               considerable
               hill
               in
               it
               ,
               seems
               to
               have
               been
               in
               the
               most
               ancient
               times
               nothing
               else
               but
               a
               great
               Rock
               ,
               wholly
               overwhelmed
               and
               covered
               with
               the
               Sea
               ;
               especially
               if
               we
               consider
               the
               multitude
               of
               Sea
               shells
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               Sharks
               teeth
               ,
               vertebres
               of
               Thornbacks
               and
               other
               fish
               bones
               petrified
               found
               all
               over
               the
               Island
               even
               in
               the
               highest
               parts
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               most
               remote
               from
               the
               shore
               .
               For
               that
               these
               were
               formed
               by
               some
               plastick
               power
               in
               the
               stone-quarries
               ,
               being
               nothing
               else
               but
               the
               effects
               or
               productions
               of
               nature
               sporting
               her self
               in
               imitation
               of
               the
               parts
               and
               shells
               of
               these
               animals
               ,
               I
               can
               hardly
               be
               induced
               to
               believe
               ;
               nature
               (
               which
               indeed
               is
               nothing
               else
               but
               the
               ordinary
               power
               of
               God
               )
               not
               being
               so
               wanton
               and
               toyish
               as
               to
               form
               such
               elegant
               figures
               without
               further
               end
               of
               design
               than
               her
               own
               pastime
               and
               diversion
               .
               But
               a
               very
               likely
               thing
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               the
               Sea
               being
               shallow
               above
               this
               Rock
               for
               some
               ages
               before
               it
               came
               to
               be
               uncovered
               ,
               there
               should
               great
               beds
               of
               Shell-fish
               harbour
               and
               breed
               in
               so
               convenient
               a
               place
               ,
               and
               the
               water
               leaving
               them
               their
               shells
               remain
               and
               petrifie
               .
               I
               confess
               its
               hard
               to
               imagine
               ,
               how
               the
               carcasses
               of
               so
               many
               Sharks
               should
               come
               to
               be
               lodged
               heer
               as
               by
               the
               multitude
               of
               teeth
               that
               have
               been
               for
               so
               many
               years
               past
               ,
               and
               are
               still
               daily
               digg'd
               up
               ,
               we
               must
               needs
               grant
               ;
               unless
               perchance
               they
               remain
               of
               the
               heads
               of
               such
               Sharks
               as
               were
               caught
               and
               eaten
               by
               the
               Fisher-men
               ,
               who
               it
               is
               likely
               after
               the
               discovery
               of
               this
               Rock
               frequented
               heer
               and
               made
               it
               a
               station
               for
               fishing
               before
               it
               came
               to
               be
               inhabited
               .
            
             
               To
               this
               difficulty
               Mr.
               Steno
               returns
               answer
               in
               these
               particulars
               ,
               1.
               
               That
               such
               Sharks
               or
               Sea
               dogs
               have
               each
               of
               them
               60
               teeth
               and
               more
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               the
               time
               they
               live
               they
               breed
               new
               teeth
               .
               2.
               
               That
               the
               Sea
               agitated
               by
               the
               winds
               is
               wont
               of
               protrude
               thosebobodies
               
               it
               meets
               with
               towards
               some
               one
               place
               ,
               and
               there
               heap
               them
               together
               .
               3.
               
               That
               Sharks
               swim
               in
               great
               troops
               or
               sholes
               ,
               and
               consequently
               that
               the
               teeth
               of
               many
               of
               them
               may
               have
               been
               left
               in
               one
               place
               .
               4.
               
               That
               in
               the
               Malta
               earth
               besides
               these
               Sharks
               teeth
               are
               found
               also
               sundry
               Cochle-shells
               ;
               so
               that
               if
               the
               number
               of
               teeth
               should
               encline
               a
               man
               to
               ascribe
               their
               production
               to
               the
               earth
               ,
               on
               the
               other
               hand
               ,
               the
               make
               of
               the
               same
               teeth
               ,
               and
               the
               abundance
               of
               them
               in
               every
               animal
               ,
               and
               the
               earth
               like
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               other
               marine
               bodies
               found
               in
               the
               same
               place
               do
               favour
               the
               contrary
               opinion
               .
            
             
               The
               soil
               ,
               
               notwithstanding
               the
               rockiness
               and
               shallowness
               of
               it
               ,
               hath
               been
               by
               the
               Ancients
               celebrated
               for
               fertility
               ;
               
                 Fertilis
                 est
                 Melite
                 sterili
                 vicina
                 Cosyroe
                 Insula
                 .
                 
                   Ovid.
                   Fast
                
                 .
              
               But
               undeservedly
               if
               we
               understand
               it
               of
               Corn
               ;
               for
               there
               is
               not
               much
               Wheat
               sown
               heer
               ,
               and
               that
               we
               saw
               upon
               the
               grounds
               was
               but
               thin
               and
               slight
               .
               And
               though
               Barley
               be
               their
               chief
               crop
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               the
               Countrey
               people
               make
               their
               bread
               ;
               yet
               have
               they
               not
               near
               enough
               of
               that
               to
               serve
               the
               ordinary
               uses
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               are
               forc'd
               to
               fetch
               most
               of
               their
               Bread-corn
               out
               of
               Sicily
            
             
               The
               main
               commodities
               which
               the
               Island
               yields
               ,
               
               wherewith
               the
               Inhabitants
               drive
               a
               good
               trade
               and
               inrich
               themselves
               ,
               are
               1.
               
               Cumin-seed
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Cumino
                 agro
              
               or
               sharp
               Cumin
               ;
               of
               which
               are
               gathered
               about
               3000
               Cantares
               yearly
               ;
               one
               Cantare
               being
               equal
               to
               116
               pound
               weight
               English
               .
               2.
               
               Annise-seed
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Sweet-cumin
               ,
               of
               which
               are
               gathered
               and
               transmitted
               into
               Foreign
               parts
               1000
               Cantares
               yearly
               .
               These
               seeds
               are
               sold
               at
               7
               ,
               8
               ,
               or
               9
               crowns
               the
               Cantare
               :
               and
               we
               were
               told
               that
               the
               
               year
               before
               our
               being
               there
               [
               Ann.
               1663.
               ]
               were
               vended
               7000
               Cantares
               of
               both
               sorts
               .
               3.
               
               Cotton-wool
               ,
               called
               in
               
                 Latine
                 Xylon
              
               or
               Gossipium
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               send
               abroad
               yearly
               14000
               Cantares
               in
               the
               husk
               .
            
             
               They
               have
               of
               late
               begun
               to
               plant
               Indigo
               ,
               which
               my
               Author
               saith
               agrees
               with
               the
               soil
               ,
               and
               likes
               and
               thrives
               there
               very
               well
               .
               He
               also
               mentions
               a
               sort
               of
               excrescence
               or
               moss
               or
               scurf
               ,
               which
               the
               Rocks
               about
               
                 S.
                 Maria
                 el
                 Aalia
              
               and
               other
               places
               on
               the
               North
               side
               of
               the
               Island
               naturally
               put
               forth
               ,
               called
               by
               the
               Countrey
               people
               Vercella
               ,
               which
               they
               scrape
               off
               with
               an
               iron
               instrument
               ,
               and
               having
               washed
               it
               with
               a
               certain
               liquor
               ,
               and
               mingled
               it
               with
               other
               Ingredients
               [
               He
               tells
               us
               not
               what
               that
               liquor
               or
               those
               ingredients
               are
               ]
               they
               expose
               it
               to
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               use
               it
               to
               dye
               wool
               of
               a
               carnation
               colour
               .
               This
               kind
               of
               moss
               ,
               called
               in
               
                 Wales
                 Kenkerig
              
               ,
               and
               in
               
                 England
                 Cork
              
               or
               Arcel
               ,
               is
               gathered
               and
               used
               for
               the
               same
               purpose
               in
               Wales
               and
               the
               North
               of
               England
               .
            
             
               Malta
               hath
               been
               famous
               of
               old
               for
               a
               breed
               of
               little
               Dogs
               called
               
                 Catuli
                 Melitaei
              
               ,
               the
               race
               whereof
               is
               quite
               extinct
               :
               and
               now
               their
               Cats
               are
               as
               much
               esteemed
               .
               The
               Roses
               of
               Malta
               contend
               for
               sweetness
               with
               those
               of
               Paestum
               ;
               and
               the
               Honey
               with
               that
               of
               Hybla
               or
               Hymettus
               :
               So
               that
               some
               suppose
               this
               Island
               had
               its
               name
               Melita
               from
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               signifying
               honey
               .
            
             
               The
               air
               is
               clear
               and
               healthful
               ,
               and
               the
               people
               long
               lived
               .
               Not
               much
               rain
               falls
               heer
               ,
               yet
               sufficient
               to
               supply
               water
               to
               feed
               their
               springs
               ;
               of
               which
               there
               are
               several
               in
               the
               high
               grounds
               ,
               or
               small
               hills
               about
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               Island
               .
               
               That
               these
               Springs
               proceed
               from
               rain-water
               only
               my
               Author
               doth
               very
               well
               prove
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               found
               only
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               little
               hills
               ,
               consisting
               of
               a
               certain
               porous
               stone
               which
               the
               Maltese
               call
               Giorgiolena
               ,
               or
               a
               chalky
               earth
               which
               easily
               imbibes
               the
               rain
               .
               And
               to
               speak
               in
               general
               ,
               that
               all
               springs
               and
               running
               waters
               owe
               their
               
               rise
               and
               continuance
               to
               rain
               ,
               seems
               to
               me
               more
               than
               probable
               ;
               1.
               
               Because
               I
               never
               yet
               saw
               any
               springing
               or
               running
               waters
               breaking
               out
               ,
               either
               on
               the
               top
               of
               a
               hill
               or
               so
               near
               the
               top
               ,
               but
               that
               there
               was
               earth
               enough
               above
               them
               to
               feed
               such
               Springs
               ,
               considering
               the
               condition
               of
               high
               mountains
               ,
               which
               are
               almost
               constantly
               moistned
               with
               clouds
               ,
               and
               on
               which
               the
               Sun-beams
               have
               but
               little
               force
               :
               and
               yet
               I
               have
               made
               it
               part
               of
               my
               business
               in
               viewing
               the
               highest
               hills
               in
               England
               and
               Wales
               to
               examine
               this
               particular
               .
               Nor
               have
               I
               yet
               ever
               observed
               such
               springing
               and
               running
               waters
               in
               any
               plain
               ,
               unless
               there
               were
               hills
               so
               near
               ,
               that
               one
               might
               reasonably
               conclude
               they
               were
               fed
               by
               them
               .
               2.
               
               Many
               springs
               quite
               fail
               in
               dry
               Summers
               ,
               and
               generally
               all
               abate
               considerably
               of
               their
               waters
               .
               I
               am
               not
               ignorant
               that
               some
               make
               a
               distinction
               between
               failing
               springs
               and
               enduring
               springs
               ,
               and
               would
               have
               the
               former
               to
               proceed
               from
               rain
               ,
               and
               the
               latter
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               but
               I
               see
               no
               sufficient
               foundation
               for
               such
               a
               distinction
               ,
               and
               do
               think
               that
               both
               the
               one
               and
               the
               other
               are
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               rain
               ;
               the
               failing
               and
               enduring
               being
               to
               be
               referred
               either
               to
               the
               different
               quantity
               and
               thickness
               of
               earth
               that
               feeds
               them
               ;
               or
               to
               the
               different
               quality
               ,
               the
               one
               more
               quickly
               the
               other
               more
               slowly
               transmitting
               the
               water
               ,
               or
               some
               such
               like
               accident
               .
               3.
               
               In
               clay
               grounds
               ,
               into
               which
               the
               water
               sinks
               with
               difficulty
               ,
               one
               shall
               seldom
               find
               any
               springs
               ,
               but
               in
               sandy
               ,
               gravelly
               ,
               rocky
               ,
               stony
               or
               other
               grounds
               into
               which
               the
               rain
               can
               easily
               make
               its
               way
               ;
               one
               seldom
               fails
               of
               them
               .
               4.
               
               They
               who
               would
               have
               fountains
               to
               arise
               from
               and
               to
               be
               fed
               by
               the
               Sea
               have
               not
               as
               yet
               given
               a
               satisfactory
               account
               of
               the
               ascent
               of
               water
               to
               the
               tops
               of
               mountains
               and
               its
               efflux
               there
               .
               For
               though
               water
               will
               creep
               up
               a
               filtre
               above
               its
               level
               ,
               yet
               I
               question
               whether
               to
               so
               great
               an
               excess
               above
               its
               aequilibrium
               with
               the
               air
               ,
               whereas
               in
               pumps
               we
               see
               it
               will
               not
               rise
               above
               two
               or
               three
               and
               thirty
               foot
               ;
               or
               if
               it
               should
               ,
               whether
               it
               
               would
               there
               run
               out
               at
               the
               top
               of
               the
               filtre
               ,
               we
               not
               having
               as
               yet
               heard
               of
               any
               experiment
               that
               will
               countenance
               such
               a
               thing
               .
               For
               the
               ascent
               and
               efflux
               of
               sap
               in
               trees
               I
               suspect
               may
               be
               owing
               to
               a
               higher
               principle
               then
               purely
               mechanical
               .
               As
               for
               the
               
                 Sabulum
                 Quellem
              
               or
               
                 Arena
                 bulliens
              
               of
               Helmont
               ,
               I
               look
               upon
               it
               as
               an
               extravagant
               conceit
               of
               his
               ;
               and
               yet
               some
               ground
               there
               is
               to
               believe
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               earth
               lying
               up
               and
               down
               in
               veins
               ,
               which
               doth
               like
               a
               filtre
               retain
               the
               water
               and
               carry
               or
               derive
               it
               along
               as
               it
               lies
               from
               place
               to
               place
               ,
               till
               it
               brings
               it
               to
               the
               supersicies
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               where
               it
               runs
               out
               .
               In
               other
               places
               there
               are
               subterraneous
               channels
               like
               the
               veins
               in
               animals
               ,
               whereinto
               the
               water
               soaking
               into
               the
               earth
               is
               gathered
               ,
               and
               wherein
               it
               runs
               as
               above
               ground
               out
               of
               smaller
               rivulets
               into
               greater
               streams
               :
               and
               where
               one
               of
               these
               veins
               opens
               in
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               there
               is
               a
               spring
               greater
               or
               lesser
               according
               to
               the
               magnitude
               of
               the
               vein
               .
               Nor
               need
               we
               wonder
               that
               springs
               should
               endure
               the
               length
               of
               a
               dry
               Summer
               ,
               for
               in
               many
               sorts
               of
               earth
               the
               water
               makes
               its
               way
               but
               slowly
               ;
               since
               we
               see
               that
               in
               those
               troughs
               or
               leches
               ,
               wherein
               Landresses
               put
               ashes
               ,
               and
               thereupon
               water
               to
               make
               a
               lixivium
               ,
               the
               water
               will
               be
               often
               many
               hours
               before
               it
               gets
               all
               through
               the
               ash
               ,
               and
               the
               Lech
               ceases
               to
               drop
               ;
               and
               in
               many
               Chymical
               preparations
               which
               are
               filtred
               ,
               its
               long
               before
               the
               liquor
               can
               free
               it self
               and
               wholly
               drain
               away
               from
               the
               earthy
               and
               feculent
               part
               .
            
             
               Some
               attribute
               the
               original
               of
               fountains
               to
               watery
               vapours
               elevated
               by
               subterraneous
               fires
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               by
               that
               generally
               diffused
               heat
               which
               Miners
               find
               in
               the
               earth
               when
               they
               come
               to
               50
               or
               60
               fathoms
               under
               ground
               ;
               and
               condensed
               by
               the
               tops
               and
               sides
               of
               the
               mountains
               as
               by
               an
               Alembick
               head
               ,
               and
               so
               distilling
               down
               and
               breaking
               out
               where
               they
               find
               issue
               .
               And
               in
               reason
               one
               would
               think
               ,
               that
               generally
               the
               deeper
               one
               digs
               in
               the
               earth
               the
               colder
               one
               should
               
               find
               it
               ,
               sith
               the
               Urinators
               affirm
               that
               the
               deeper
               they
               dive
               in
               the
               Sea
               the
               colder
               still
               they
               find
               the
               water
               .
               And
               yet
               were
               there
               such
               subterraneous
               heats
               ,
               they
               are
               not
               so
               great
               as
               that
               it
               is
               likely
               they
               should
               elevate
               vapours
               so
               high
               ,
               through
               so
               thick
               a
               coat
               of
               earth
               ,
               which
               it
               must
               be
               an
               intense
               heat
               indeed
               will
               carry
               them
               through
               ,
               which
               heat
               none
               say
               is
               found
               near
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               .
            
             
               Mr.
               
               Hook's
               account
               ,
               viz.
               that
               salt
               water
               being
               heavier
               than
               fresh
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               preponderancy
               it
               may
               drive
               up
               the
               fresh
               as
               high
               above
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               Sea
               as
               are
               the
               tops
               of
               mountains
               before
               it
               comes
               to
               an
               aequilibrium
               with
               it
               ,
               is
               very
               ingenious
               ,
               and
               would
               be
               most
               likely
               ,
               were
               there
               continued
               close
               channels
               from
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Sea
               to
               the
               tops
               of
               mountains
               ,
               not
               admitting
               the
               air
               ,
               which
               I
               believe
               will
               not
               be
               found
               in
               many
               places
               .
               
               What
               is
               said
               about
               ebbing
               and
               flowing
               wells
               in
               confirmation
               of
               it
               ,
               adds
               no
               strength
               ;
               for
               none
               of
               those
               ebbing
               and
               flowing
               wells
               that
               I
               have
               yet
               seen
               do
               at
               all
               observe
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               but
               reciprocate
               two
               or
               three
               times
               or
               oftner
               every
               hour
               ,
               excepting
               one
               on
               the
               Coast
               of
               South-Wales
               in
               a
               sandy
               ground
               by
               the
               Sea-side
               not
               ¼
               of
               a
               mile
               from
               the
               water
               ,
               which
               observes
               the
               Tides
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               no
               running
               water
               ,
               nor
               doth
               it
               I
               believe
               arise
               above
               the
               level
               of
               the
               Sea.
               I
               do
               therefore
               shrewdly
               suspect
               for
               fabulous
               whatever
               hath
               been
               written
               of
               Wells
               remote
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               which
               in
               their
               ebbing
               and
               flowing
               observe
               its
               motions
               .
               But
               for
               a
               reason
               of
               the
               ebbing
               and
               flowing
               of
               these
               Wells
               I
               must
               confess
               I
               am
               hitherto
               at
               a
               great
               loss
               .
               Whereas
               some
               say
               that
               rain
               sinks
               not
               above
               a
               foot
               or
               two
               deep
               into
               the
               earth
               ,
               if
               they
               understand
               it
               of
               all
               earths
               it
               is
               manifestly
               false
               ,
               for
               that
               we
               see
               in
               Coal
               delfs
               ,
               and
               other
               mines
               in
               wet
               weather
               the
               Miners
               are
               many
               times
               drown'd
               out
               (
               as
               they
               phrase
               it
               )
               though
               no
               water
               run
               down
               into
               the
               mouths
               of
               their
               pits
               and
               shafts
               ;
               and
               in
               sandy
               and
               heathy
               grounds
               in
               the
               greatest
               rains
               little
               water
               runs
               
               off
               the
               land
               ,
               as
               on
               
                 Newmarket-heath
                 ,
                 Gogmagog●hills
                 ,
                 Salisbury-plain
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               and
               therefore
               it
               must
               needs
               sink
               in
               :
               and
               out
               of
               the
               mouth
               of
               Pool-hole
               near
               Buxton
               in
               the
               Peak
               of
               Derby
               and
               other
               Caves
               in
               the
               sides
               of
               mountains
               in
               rainy
               seasons
               streams
               of
               water
               many
               times
               run
               out
               ,
               where
               in
               dry
               weather
               and
               Summer
               time
               there
               are
               none
               .
            
             
               Neither
               is
               this
               opinion
               we
               defend
               any
               more
               repugnant
               to
               the
               Scripture
               then
               the
               other
               .
               For
               whereas
               it
               is
               said
               ,
               Eccles
               .
               1.
               7.
               
               
                 All
                 the
                 rivers
                 run
                 into
                 the
                 sea
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 sea
                 is
                 not
                 full
                 ;
                 unto
                 the
                 place
                 from
                 whence
                 the
                 rivers
                 come
                 thither
                 they
                 return
                 again
              
               ;
               we
               grant
               it
               to
               be
               most
               true
               ;
               nay
               we
               think
               such
               a
               circulation
               absolutely
               necessary
               to
               the
               being
               of
               springs
               ,
               only
               we
               assert
               it
               to
               be
               performed
               not
               under
               ground
               but
               above
               :
               that
               is
               ,
               the
               clouds
               take
               up
               water
               out
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               pour
               it
               down
               again
               upon
               the
               earth
               ;
               and
               from
               part
               thereof
               falling
               upon
               and
               soaking
               into
               the
               higher
               grounds
               arise
               the
               springs
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               return
               to
               Malta
               ,
               
               the
               Haven
               is
               very
               commodious
               and
               secure
               ,
               divided
               into
               two
               by
               a
               little
               promontory
               or
               neck
               of
               land
               some
               1500
               canes
               long
               ,
               and
               380
               broad
               ,
               upon
               which
               the
               new
               City
               is
               built
               .
               Of
               these
               two
               that
               on
               the
               West
               side
               the
               City
               is
               called
               simply
               and
               
                 per
                 Antonomasian
                 Marsa
              
               ,
               that
               is
               the
               Haven
               ,
               and
               is
               in
               length
               1800
               canes
               or
               poles
               ,
               of
               ten
               palms
               the
               cane
               Roman
               measure
               ,
               and
               is
               sub-divided
               into
               other
               crecks
               or
               sinus's
               .
               That
               on
               the
               East-side
               called
               
                 Marsa
                 moscetto
              
               is
               as
               large
               as
               the
               other
               ;
               in
               a
               little
               Island
               within
               which
               is
               the
               Lazaretto
               ;
               near
               it
               Ships
               that
               come
               from
               infected
               places
               keep
               their
               Quarentain
               .
               The
               new
               City
               called
               Valetta
               is
               divided
               into
               20
               streets
               ,
               
               8
               in
               length
               and
               12
               in
               breadth
               ,
               all
               streight
               .
               Though
               they
               be
               not
               paved
               ,
               yet
               they
               need
               it
               not
               ,
               the
               Town
               being
               built
               upon
               a
               solid
               rock
               .
               They
               want
               no
               uniformity
               but
               being
               level
               ,
               which
               the
               place
               being
               uneven
               ,
               uphill
               and
               down-hill
               ,
               will
               not
               admit
               .
               The
               houses
               are
               all
               of
               stone
               ,
               flat-rooft
               and
               covered
               with
               
               plaister
               ,
               which
               is
               sufficient
               heer
               ,
               there
               falling
               but
               little
               rain
               ;
               though
               they
               be
               not
               tall
               yet
               are
               they
               neat
               and
               pleasant
               .
               Upon
               the
               roofs
               of
               their
               houses
               in
               Summer
               time
               the
               people
               set
               their
               beds
               ,
               as
               at
               Aleppo
               ,
               and
               sleep
               in
               the
               open
               air
               .
               The
               number
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               all
               ages
               ,
               according
               to
               a
               survey
               taken
               in
               the
               year
               1632
               ,
               was
               10744
               ,
               the
               number
               of
               houses
               1891
               ,
               which
               sum
               is
               I
               believe
               since
               that
               time
               much
               encreased
               .
               Over
               the
               gate
               of
               this
               City
               leading
               to
               the
               land
               ,
               called
               
                 Porta
                 reale
              
               ,
               you
               have
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               giving
               an
               account
               of
               the
               first
               founding
               and
               building
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 Fr.
                 Jo.
                 de
                 Valetta
                 sacrae
                 Domûs
                 Hospitalis
                 Hierosol
                 .
                 M.
                 Magister
                 ,
                 periculorum
                 annosuperiore
                 à
                 suis
                 militibus
                 populóque
                 Melitoeo
                 in
                 obsidione
                 Turcica
                 perpessorum
                 memor
                 ,
                 de
                 condenda
                 nova
                 urbe
                 ,
                 eâque
                 moeniis
                 ,
                 arcibus
                 &
                 propugnaculis
                 ad
                 sustinendam
                 vim
                 omnem
                 propulsandósque
                 inimici
                 Turcae
                 impetus
                 aut
                 saltem
                 reprimendos
                 munienda
                 ,
                 inito
                 cum
                 Proceribus
                 consilio
                 ,
                 Die
                 Jovis
                 28
                 Martii
                 1566
                 ;
                 Deum
                 omnipotentem
                 Deipar●mque
                 virginem
                 &
                 numen
                 tutelare
                 D.
                 Joannem
                 Baptistam
                 Divósque
                 caeteros
                 multa
                 precatus
                 ,
                 ut
                 faustum
                 felixque
                 Religioni
                 Christianae
                 fieret
                 ,
                 ac
                 Ordini
                 suo
                 quod
                 inceptabat
                 bene
                 cederet
                 ,
                 prima
                 urbis
                 fundamenta
                 in
                 monte
                 ab
                 incolis
                 Sceberras
                 vocato
                 jecit
                 ,
                 eámque
                 de
                 suo
                 nomine
                 Valettam
                 ,
                 (
                 dato
                 pro
                 insignibus
                 in
                 Parma
                 miniata
                 aureo
                 leone
                 )
                 appellari
                 voluit
                 .
              
               
                 Fr.
                 Antonius
                 de
                 Paula
                 M.
                 Mag.
                 invictiss
                 .
                 Conditoris
                 tantaeque
                 rei
                 monimentum
                 P.
                 C.
                 Anno
                 ab
                 Vrbe
                 Fundata
                 68.
                 
              
            
             
               It
               is
               fortified
               with
               impregnable
               Walls
               and
               Bulwarks
               ,
               especially
               toward
               the
               land
               ,
               where
               one
               would
               think
               there
               are
               too
               many
               ,
               and
               yet
               they
               are
               still
               adding
               more
               .
               Within
               the
               outmost
               wall
               or
               between
               the
               two
               walls
               and
               outworks
               they
               have
               enclosed
               a
               great
               space
               of
               void
               ground
               ,
               whether
               with
               design
               to
               enlarge
               
               the
               City
               ,
               filling
               that
               space
               with
               houses
               ,
               or
               to
               receive
               the
               Country-people
               in
               case
               the
               enemy
               should
               land
               upon
               the
               Island
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               .
               All
               the
               walls
               and
               bulwarks
               are
               mined
               or
               vaulted
               underneath
               ,
               that
               so
               in
               case
               the
               besiegers
               should
               get
               upon
               them
               they
               might
               be
               blown
               up
               and
               rendred
               useless
               .
               The
               charge
               of
               all
               these
               Walls
               ,
               Castles
               ,
               and
               Fortifications
               would
               be
               intolerable
               had
               they
               not
               stone
               at
               hand
               and
               slaves
               to
               work
               .
               This
               City
               is
               well
               served
               with
               all
               provisions
               ,
               there
               being
               every
               morning
               a
               Market
               plentifully
               furnished
               with
               bread
               ,
               flesh
               ,
               fish
               ,
               poultry
               ,
               fruits
               ,
               herbs
               ,
               &c.
               of
               the
               best
               in
               their
               several
               kinds
               and
               to
               be
               bought
               at
               easie
               rates
               .
            
             
               
               The
               most
               considerable
               buildings
               in
               this
               City
               are
               1.
               
               
               The
               Church
               of
               St.
               
                 John
                 Baptist
              
               patron
               of
               the
               Order
               ,
               wherein
               are
               many
               Chappels
               and
               Altar-pieces
               richly
               gilded
               and
               adorned
               .
               Heer
               lie
               buried
               the
               Grand
               Masters
               that
               have
               been
               since
               the
               Order
               was
               translated
               hither
               in
               a
               vault
               under
               ground
               ;
               several
               of
               them
               having
               in
               the
               Church
               Monuments
               with
               inscriptions
               .
               This
               Church
               is
               not
               yet
               quite
               finished
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Castle
               of
               S.
               Elmo
               ,
               
               which
               stood
               heer
               before
               this
               City
               was
               built
               ,
               on
               the
               utmost
               point
               of
               the
               Promontory
               :
               A
               strong
               place
               but
               of
               no
               great
               capacity
               .
               Heer
               we
               observed
               the
               like
               winding
               ascent
               to
               the
               top
               without
               any
               steps
               or
               stairs
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               tower
               of
               S.
               Mark
               at
               Venice
               .
               Upon
               the
               top
               of
               this
               Castle
               is
               constant
               watch
               and
               ward
               kept
               .
               When
               they
               descry
               any
               Vessel
               coming
               toward
               the
               Island
               be
               it
               great
               or
               small
               they
               set
               up
               a
               Flag
               suitable
               to
               the
               bigness
               of
               the
               Vessel
               ;
               if
               two
               Vessels
               two
               ,
               if
               three
               three
               ,
               and
               so
               on
               according
               to
               their
               number
               ;
               signifying
               also
               by
               the
               place
               where
               they
               set
               these
               Flags
               from
               what
               quarter
               ,
               East
               ,
               West
               ,
               North
               or
               South
               such
               Vessel
               or
               Vessels
               come
               :
               So
               that
               the
               City
               is
               presently
               advised
               what
               Vessels
               and
               how
               many
               are
               near
               the
               Port.
               In
               this
               Castle
               are
               imprisoned
               such
               Knights
               as
               have
               committed
               any
               misdemeanour
               ,
               and
               held
               in
               restraint
               longer
               or
               less
               time
               ,
               
               or
               further
               proceeded
               against
               according
               to
               the
               merit
               of
               their
               fault
               .
            
             
               Before
               this
               Castle
               are
               the
               Granaries
               ,
               where
               the
               
               provisions
               of
               Corn
               for
               the
               City
               are
               kept
               .
               
               These
               are
               nothing
               but
               Caves
               hewn
               out
               of
               the
               rock
               in
               the
               form
               of
               a
               Cupola
               ,
               or
               ordinary
               Bee-hive
               ,
               having
               each
               a
               narrow
               mouth
               above
               .
               They
               are
               constantly
               stored
               with
               Corn
               enough
               beforehand
               to
               serve
               the
               whole
               City
               for
               a
               year
               .
               They
               have
               also
               magazines
               or
               stores
               of
               wine
               ,
               oil
               and
               all
               other
               necessaries
               .
            
             
               The
               Alberghi
               or
               Halls
               of
               the
               eight
               several
               Nations
               
               (
               Lingue
               they
               call
               them
               )
               of
               the
               Order
               .
               
               The
               Nations
               are
               
                 French
                 ,
                 Italian
                 ,
                 German
                 ,
                 English
                 ,
                 Provençal
                 ,
                 Au●ergnois
                 ,
                 Castilian
              
               and
               Aragonian
               .
               These
               Albergs
               are
               most
               of
               them
               fair
               buildings
               like
               Colleges
               ;
               and
               in
               each
               of
               them
               is
               a
               public
               hall
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Knights
               of
               each
               Nation
               dine
               and
               sup
               as
               many
               as
               please
               ;
               the
               others
               have
               their
               parts
               or
               demensum
               sent
               to
               their
               lodgings
               ,
               or
               dispose
               otherwise
               of
               it
               as
               they
               see
               good
               .
               The
               Seignior
               of
               each
               Nation
               is
               superiour
               of
               the
               
                 Alberg
                 ,
                 Grand
                 Prior
              
               of
               his
               Nation
               ,
               of
               the
               Great
               Cross
               ,
               (
               
                 Gran
                 Croce
              
               they
               term
               it
               )
               and
               one
               of
               the
               Privy
               Council
               to
               the
               Great
               Master
               .
               These
               are
               distinguished
               from
               the
               rest
               by
               a
               great
               white
               Cross
               upon
               their
               breasts
               ,
               made
               of
               silk
               sown
               into
               their
               garments
               .
               Heer
               is
               an
               Alberg
               for
               the
               English
               Nation
               ,
               or
               rather
               a
               piece
               of
               ground
               enclosed
               ,
               with
               the
               foundation
               of
               an
               Alberg
               ,
               the
               walls
               being
               scarcely
               reared
               up
               .
               This
               ground
               we
               were
               told
               some
               of
               the
               Citizens
               would
               have
               bought
               and
               built
               upon
               ,
               but
               the
               
                 Grand
                 Master
              
               and
               Council
               refused
               to
               sell
               it
               ,
               not
               despairing
               it
               seems
               that
               one
               day
               our
               Nation
               may
               be
               reduced
               again
               to
               the
               obedience
               of
               the
               Romish
               Church
               .
            
             
               The
               Armory
               [
               
                 Salad
                 Armi
              
               ]
               within
               the
               Palace
               of
               
               the
               
                 Great
                 Master
              
               ,
               
               consisting
               of
               two
               rooms
               ;
               the
               one
               (
               which
               they
               call
               the
               Hall
               )
               the
               fairest
               and
               largest
               room
               employed
               for
               such
               an
               use
               that
               we
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               ;
               the
               other
               much
               lesser
               .
               In
               both
               together
               are
               
               kept
               arms
               for
               30000
               men
               ,
               so
               entire
               ,
               clean
               ,
               bright
               and
               fit
               for
               use
               ,
               that
               we
               were
               much
               taken
               with
               the
               sight
               of
               them
               .
               Heer
               are
               some
               of
               those
               little
               Drakes
               that
               may
               be
               charged
               behind
               ,
               a
               leather
               gun
               ,
               and
               other
               curiosities
               ,
               the
               like
               whereto
               we
               have
               seen
               in
               several
               Armories
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Hospital
               [
               Infermaria
               ]
               a
               fair
               building
               ,
               
               which
               they
               are
               now
               enlarging
               .
               The
               sick
               persons
               are
               served
               by
               the
               Knights
               ,
               viz.
               such
               a
               number
               of
               Knights
               are
               appointed
               to
               carry
               them
               their
               meat
               daily
               with
               cap
               in
               hand
               ;
               which
               thing
               we
               saw
               them
               do
               in
               this
               manner
               .
               The
               meat
               was
               all
               brought
               into
               the
               middle
               of
               a
               great
               room
               where
               many
               of
               the
               sick
               lay
               .
               Then
               one
               of
               the
               Knights
               (
               the
               Steward
               I
               suppose
               he
               was
               )
               read
               the
               names
               of
               the
               sick
               one
               by
               one
               out
               of
               the
               Physicians
               bill
               ,
               wherein
               was
               prescribed
               each
               sick
               persons
               diet
               .
               As
               he
               read
               a
               name
               the
               Cook
               took
               his
               part
               whose
               name
               was
               read
               ,
               and
               dishing
               it
               up
               delivered
               it
               to
               one
               of
               the
               Knights
               ,
               who
               carried
               it
               to
               his
               bed-side
               ,
               where
               stood
               a
               stool
               covered
               with
               a
               napkin
               having
               bread
               and
               salt
               upon
               it
               .
               This
               duty
               their
               very
               name
               intimates
               to
               belong
               to
               them
               ;
               viz.
               Knights
               ,
               
                 i.
                 e.
              
               Servants
               of
               the
               Hospital
               ,
               and
               therefore
               we
               may
               be
               excused
               if
               we
               have
               been
               more
               particular
               and
               circumstantial
               in
               describing
               the
               manner
               of
               it
               .
               If
               any
               of
               the
               Order
               falls
               sick
               ,
               he
               is
               not
               to
               stay
               in
               a
               private
               house
               but
               must
               presently
               repair
               hither
               ,
               where
               he
               is
               most
               carefully
               tended
               ,
               one
               or
               two
               Knights
               being
               appointed
               to
               be
               always
               by
               him
               .
            
             
               
               The
               Palace
               of
               the
               
                 Great
                 Master
              
               ,
               
               where
               he
               hath
               several
               Apartments
               for
               Winter
               and
               Summer
               .
               There
               is
               also
               a
               stable
               of
               good
               horses
               ,
               in
               which
               besides
               coach-horses
               and
               ordinary
               saddle-horses
               ,
               are
               kept
               40
               or
               50
               great
               horses
               .
               A
               thing
               worth
               the
               nothing
               in
               this
               Island
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               so
               great
               scarcity
               of
               horses
               ,
               that
               Knights
               and
               persons
               of
               quality
               ride
               upon
               no
               better
               then
               asses
               .
            
             
             
               The
               
                 Slaves
                 prison
              
               ,
               
               a
               fair
               square
               building
               ,
               where
               
               all
               the
               Slaves
               in
               the
               City
               lodge
               every
               night
               so
               long
               as
               the
               Gallies
               are
               abroad
               in
               Corso
               .
               At
               the
               ringing
               of
               the
               
                 Ave-Mary
                 bell
              
               ,
               which
               is
               just
               at
               Sun-set
               ,
               they
               are
               to
               repair
               thither
               .
               When
               the
               Gallies
               are
               at
               home
               those
               that
               belong
               to
               private
               persons
               are
               permitted
               to
               lodge
               in
               their
               Masters
               houses
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Slaves
               now
               in
               Town
               was
               about
               2000
               belonging
               to
               the
               Order
               ,
               and
               300
               to
               private
               persons
               ,
               besides
               those
               that
               were
               abroad
               in
               the
               Gallies
               .
            
             
               Besides
               this
               new
               City
               there
               are
               3
               considerable
               Towns
               distant
               from
               it
               only
               by
               the
               breadth
               of
               the
               haven
               .
               
               1.
               
               The
               Isola
               (
               as
               they
               commonly
               call
               it
               )
               or
               Town
               of
               Senglea
               ,
               with
               the
               Fort
               of
               
                 S.
                 Michael
              
               ,
               seated
               in
               a
               Peninsula
               made
               by
               2
               creeks
               running
               out
               of
               the
               principal
               haven
               .
               It
               contains
               994
               houses
               and
               4050
               souls
               .
               For
               the
               stout
               resistance
               it
               made
               to
               the
               Turks
               in
               1565
               it
               obtained
               the
               name
               *
               
                 Città
                 invitta
              
               .
               2.
               
               The
               Borgo
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               i.
               e.
               
               
                 Burgo
                 del
                 Castello
                 à
                 mare
              
               ,
               built
               likewise
               on
               a
               little
               Lingua
               or
               neck
               of
               land
               between
               two
               creeks
               of
               the
               same
               haven
               ,
               on
               the
               utmost
               cape
               whereof
               stands
               the
               Castle
               of
               St.
               Angelo
               divided
               for
               greater
               strength
               from
               the
               Town
               by
               a
               ditch
               of
               water
               cut
               cross
               the
               lingua
               .
               This
               Burgh
               contains
               782
               houses
               and
               3063
               souls
               .
               For
               its
               valour
               and
               fidelity
               in
               holding
               out
               so
               resolutely
               against
               the
               Ottoman
               Army
               besieging
               it
               ,
               Anno
               1565
               ,
               it
               is
               deservedly
               honoured
               with
               the
               title
               of
               *
               
                 Città
                 vittoriosa
              
               .
               Between
               these
               two
               Burghs
               is
               a
               secure
               Harbour
               where
               the
               Gallies
               and
               most
               of
               the
               other
               Vessels
               of
               the
               City
               lie
               ;
               which
               in
               time
               of
               danger
               is
               shut
               up
               with
               a
               great
               iron
               chain
               .
               3.
               
               Birmula
               ,
               rather
               a
               suburb
               of
               Senglea
               then
               a
               distinct
               Town
               :
               it
               contains
               642
               fires
               and
               2778
               souls
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               out
               to
               see
               some
               part
               of
               the
               Countrey
               ;
               
               passing
               two
               great
               Villages
               (
               Casales
               they
               name
               them
               )
               we
               came
               to
               the
               
                 old
                 City
              
               called
               anciently
               Melita
               after
               the
               name
               of
               the
               Island
               ,
               now
               
                 Città
                 notabile
              
               ,
               a
               small
               
               place
               at
               present
               but
               wel
               fortified
               ,
               containing
               no
               more
               then
               565
               houses
               and
               2620
               souls
               .
               It
               hath
               been
               formerly
               much
               greater
               ,
               and
               incomparably
               more
               populous
               .
               The
               
                 new
                 City
              
               ,
               as
               being
               more
               conveniently
               situate
               ,
               daily
               draining
               away
               and
               withdrawing
               its
               inhabitants
               .
               Heer
               they
               shew'd
               us
               the
               Pillar
               of
               
                 S.
                 Paul
              
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               where
               when
               he
               stood
               preaching
               (
               as
               they
               fondly
               believe
               or
               at
               least
               would
               perswade
               us
               )
               his
               voice
               was
               heard
               distinctly
               all
               over
               the
               Island
               .
               2.
               
               The
               Gr●t
               of
               St.
               Paul.
               Heer
               out
               of
               a
               small
               cave
               is
               taken
               that
               white
               earth
               ,
               
               called
               
                 Terra
                 di
                 S.
                 Paolo
              
               and
               by
               some
               
                 terra
                 sigillata
                 Melitensis
              
               ,
               which
               they
               seal
               and
               sell
               to
               strangers
               ,
               attributing
               thereto
               great
               vertues
               against
               all
               poison
               and
               infection
               .
               This
               cavern
               though
               there
               be
               continually
               great
               quantities
               of
               earth
               taken
               out
               of
               it
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               conceited
               tradition
               ,
               retains
               still
               the
               same
               dimensions
               ,
               becoming
               no
               greater
               then
               it
               was
               at
               first
               .
               That
               
                 S.
                 Paul
              
               suffered
               shipwrack
               on
               the
               coast
               of
               this
               island
               ,
               and
               wintered
               heer
               ,
               and
               not
               on
               that
               other
               Melita
               in
               the
               Adriatic
               Sea
               on
               the
               coast
               of
               Dalmatia
               ,
               now
               called
               Meleda
               ,
               I
               think
               it
               sufficiently
               proved
               and
               made
               clear
               by
               
                 Cluverius
                 ,
                 Abela
              
               and
               others
               :
               but
               that
               upon
               occasion
               of
               a
               Viper
               fastning
               on
               his
               arm
               he
               changed
               all
               the
               Serpents
               of
               the
               Island
               into
               stones
               ,
               and
               endued
               the
               earth
               with
               an
               Alexipharmical
               quality
               to
               resist
               and
               expel
               poison
               ,
               is
               a
               superstitious
               and
               ungrounded
               fancy
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               old
               City
               we
               rode
               on
               to
               the
               
                 Great
                 Masters
                 Boschetto
              
               ,
               
               where
               he
               hath
               a
               pretty
               little
               Palace
               in
               form
               of
               a
               Castle
               ,
               from
               the
               top
               whereof
               we
               had
               a
               good
               prospect
               of
               the
               Island
               .
               Heer
               are
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Gardens
               and
               Orchards
               well
               furnished
               with
               all
               sorts
               of
               fruits
               and
               flowers
               ;
               good
               water-works
               and
               a
               grove
               of
               trees
               :
               indeed
               this
               Palace
               wants
               nothing
               for
               conveniency
               or
               delight
               .
               The
               Palace
               is
               situate
               upon
               a
               little
               hill
               ,
               and
               the
               gardens
               lie
               under
               it
               in
               a
               hollow
               or
               bottom
               ,
               almost
               compassed
               about
               with
               rocks
               .
            
             
             
               But
               to
               speak
               of
               the
               Island
               in
               general
               ,
               
               Malta
               hath
               been
               inhabited
               by
               several
               Nations
               and
               often
               changed
               masters
               .
               The
               most
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               are
               by
               Cluverius
               taken
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Phaeaces
               mentioned
               by
               Homer
               ,
               who
               were
               expelled
               by
               the
               Phaenicians
               .
               The
               Phaenicians
               were
               most
               of
               them
               driven
               out
               by
               the
               Grecians
               .
               After
               this
               is
               changed
               Masters
               rather
               than
               Inhabitants
               ,
               being
               first
               subdued
               and
               held
               by
               the
               Carthaginians
               ;
               then
               for
               a
               long
               time
               by
               the
               Romans
               :
               after
               that
               the
               Goths
               came
               hither
               ,
               who
               were
               driven
               out
               by
               the
               
                 Eastern
                 Emperours
              
               .
               Next
               the
               Saracens
               possest
               themselves
               of
               it
               .
               The
               Normans
               expelled
               them
               and
               got
               the
               dominion
               .
               Then
               the
               Germans
               or
               Suevi
               became
               Lords
               of
               it
               ;
               then
               the
               French
               ;
               then
               the
               Aragonians
               ,
               and
               Spaniards
               ;
               and
               now
               last
               of
               all
               the
               order
               of
               the
               Knights
               Hospitallers
               .
               The
               History
               of
               all
               which
               changes
               if
               any
               man
               desire
               to
               be
               fully
               and
               particularly
               acquainted
               with
               ,
               let
               him
               consult
               Abela
               .
               In
               all
               these
               changes
               it
               followed
               for
               the
               most
               part
               the
               fortune
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               as
               having
               little
               strength
               to
               resist
               any
               foreign
               power
               invading
               .
               It
               is
               now
               so
               well
               fortified
               and
               manned
               that
               it
               would
               prove
               a
               very
               difficult
               matter
               for
               the
               greatest
               Prince
               or
               Potentate
               in
               the
               world
               to
               take
               it
               by
               force
               ;
               having
               when
               it
               was
               in
               far
               worse
               condition
               then
               now
               it
               is
               resisted
               and
               baffled
               the
               Arms
               of
               one
               of
               the
               greatest
               Emperours
               the
               Turks
               ever
               had
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               very
               populous
               ,
               
               containing
               betwee
               30
               and
               40
               great
               Casales
               or
               Villages
               ,
               some
               of
               them
               of
               above
               500
               houses
               ,
               more
               like
               to
               great
               Towns
               than
               Villages
               ,
               and
               26
               Parish
               Churches
               ,
               beside
               those
               of
               Gozo
               .
               The
               number
               of
               fighting
               men
               was
               said
               to
               be
               about
               a
               5000
               ,
               but
               I
               believe
               there
               are
               scarce
               so
               many
               ,
               for
               according
               to
               a
               survey
               taken
               in
               the
               year
               1632
               the
               whole
               number
               of
               souls
               upon
               the
               Island
               besides
               the
               Knights
               was
               but
               50112
               ;
               of
               which
               we
               cannot
               reckon
               much
               above
               one
               fifth
               part
               to
               be
               fighting
               men
               .
               And
               though
               since
               that
               time
               the
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               be
               much
               encreased
               ,
               yet
               I
               think
               scarce
               doubled
               .
            
             
             
               The
               language
               of
               the
               Natives
               is
               a
               corrupt
               Arabic
               or
               Moresco
               ,
               
               introduced
               by
               the
               Saracens
               ,
               the
               ancient
               language
               before
               their
               coming
               in
               probably
               having
               been
               Greek
               ,
               with
               a
               mixture
               of
               Punick
               :
               whence
               I
               think
               one
               may
               reasonably
               conjecture
               that
               the
               Saracens
               did
               either
               destroy
               or
               drive
               out
               the
               former
               Inhabitants
               .
               Howbeit
               the
               people
               can
               generally
               speak
               Italian
               ,
               there
               being
               no
               other
               language
               but
               that
               and
               Latine
               used
               in
               any
               of
               the
               Courts
               of
               Malta
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Great
                 Master
              
               of
               the
               Order
               is
               now
               Prince
               and
               supreme
               Governour
               of
               the
               whole
               Island
               ,
               
               which
               with
               Gozo
               and
               the
               adjacent
               islets
               ,
               after
               the
               loss
               of
               Rhodes
               was
               granted
               to
               this
               Order
               by
               the
               Emperour
               Charles
               V.
               in
               the
               year
               1530.
               
               The
               Government
               is
               managed
               with
               that
               prudence
               and
               justice
               ,
               that
               the
               Island
               is
               now
               in
               a
               very
               flourishing
               condition
               ,
               the
               Inhabitants
               enjoying
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               freedom
               and
               security
               ;
               being
               also
               in
               their
               carriage
               and
               conversation
               among
               themselves
               and
               to
               Strangers
               since
               the
               coming
               in
               of
               the
               Order
               very
               civil
               and
               courteous
               ,
               however
               formerly
               they
               have
               been
               branded
               for
               the
               contrary
               :
               so
               that
               few
               subjects
               live
               more
               happily
               then
               they
               do
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Great
                 Master
              
               when
               he
               goeth
               abroad
               it
               attended
               by
               many
               of
               the
               Knights
               ,
               and
               2
               or
               3
               Pages
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               keeps
               (
               as
               we
               were
               told
               )
               about
               24.
               
               The
               Knights
               of
               the
               Order
               are
               always
               uncovered
               in
               the
               presence
               of
               the
               Great
               Master
               ,
               excepting
               those
               16
               which
               are
               of
               the
               
                 Gran
                 Croce
              
               :
               they
               take
               place
               ,
               of
               what
               birth
               or
               quality
               soever
               they
               are
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               seniority
               from
               the
               time
               of
               their
               admission
               ;
               so
               that
               there
               is
               never
               any
               difficulty
               or
               question
               about
               precedency
               .
               All
               the
               Knights
               are
               of
               noble
               or
               gentile
               extraction
               ,
               none
               being
               capable
               of
               admission
               but
               such
               as
               can
               prove
               their
               Gentility
               for
               three
               or
               four
               descents
               .
               The
               
                 Great
                 Master
              
               wears
               a
               black
               short
               Gown
               with
               hanging
               sleeves
               ,
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Knights
               are
               habited
               as
               they
               please
               at
               home
               ,
               but
               when
               they
               go
               
                 in
                 Curso
              
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               upon
               the
               Gallies
               they
               wear
               
               the
               proper
               habit
               belonging
               to
               their
               Order
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Knights
               was
               said
               to
               be
               between
               2000
               and
               3000
               ,
               of
               which
               for
               the
               most
               part
               reside
               in
               the
               City
               the
               major
               part
               ,
               except
               when
               the
               Gallies
               are
               abroad
               .
               The
               name
               of
               the
               Great
               Master
               at
               our
               being
               there
               was
               
                 Nicolaus
                 Cottoner
              
               of
               Majorca
               ,
               and
               I
               suppose
               he
               is
               still
               living
               ,
               not
               having
               since
               heard
               of
               his
               death
               .
            
             
               The
               names
               of
               the
               
                 Great
                 Masters
              
               that
               have
               been
               since
               the
               Order
               removed
               to
               Malta
               are
               as
               follows
               .
            
             
               43.
               
               
                 Frater
                 Philippus
                 de
                 Villiers
                 Listeadam
              
               ,
               a
               French
               man
               ,
               who
               brought
               the
               Religion
               into
               
                 Malta
                 ,
                 Anno
              
               1530
               ,
               being
               the
               43
               
                 Great
                 Master
              
               from
               the
               first
               institution
               of
               the
               Order
               .
               He
               died
               21
               August
               1534.
               
            
             
               44.
               
               
                 Fr.
                 Petrinus
                 del
                 Ponte
              
               ,
               an
               Italian
               ,
               the
               first
               that
               was
               chosen
               
                 Great
                 Master
              
               in
               Malta
               26
               Aug.
               1534.
               
               He
               died
               17
               Novemb.
               1535.
               
            
             
               45.
               
               
                 Fr.
                 Desiderius
                 di
                 Tolono
                 Santaialla
              
               ,
               of
               Daulphiny
               ,
               chosen
               in
               his
               absence
               22
               Novemb.
               1535.
               
               He
               died
               26
               Sept.
               1536
               ,
               being
               on
               his
               way
               coming
               towards
               Malta
               ,
               at
               Montpellier
               .
            
             
               46.
               
               Fr.
               Joannes
               D'omedes
               ,
               an
               Aragonian
               ,
               elected
               20
               Octob.
               1536
               ,
               died
               6
               Sept.
               1553.
               
            
             
               47.
               
               
                 Fr.
                 Claudius
                 della
                 Sengle
              
               ,
               a
               Frenchman
               ,
               chosen
               while
               he
               was
               Embassadour
               for
               the
               Order
               at
               Rome
               ,
               11
               Sept
               1553.
               
               He
               died
               18
               Aug.
               1557.
               
            
             
               48.
               
               
                 Fr.
                 Joannes
                 Di
                 Valetta
              
               ,
               a
               Gascoigner
               ,
               elected
               21
               Aug.
               1557.
               died
               21
               Aug.
               1568.
               
               In
               his
               time
               Malta
               was
               invaded
               ,
               and
               the
               City
               besieged
               by
               the
               Turks
               ,
               who
               were
               notably
               repulsed
               .
            
             
               49.
               
               Fr.
               Petrus
               de
               Monte
               ,
               an
               Italian
               ,
               elected
               23
               Aug.
               1568.
               died
               .
               27
               Jan.
               1572.
               
            
             
               50.
               
               Fr.
               Joannes
               L'evesque
               de
               la
               Cassiere
               ,
               an
               Auvergnian
               ,
               elected
               30
               Jan.
               1572.
               
                 died
                 in
              
               Rome
               21
               Decemb
               1581.
               
            
             
               51.
               
               
                 Fr.
                 Hugo
                 Loubenx
                 Verdalle
              
               ,
               a
               Gascoigner
               ,
               afterwards
               made
               Cardinal
               ,
               elected
               12
               Jan.
               1581.
               died
               4
               May
               1595.
               
            
             
             
               52.
               
               Fr.
               Martinus
               Garzes
               ,
               an
               Aragonian
               ,
               elected
               8
               May
               1595
               ,
               died
               7
               Feb.
               1601.
               
            
             
               53.
               
               Fr.
               Aloysius
               de
               Wignacourt
               ,
               a
               Frenchman
               ,
               elected
               10
               Febr.
               1601.
               died
               14
               Sept.
               1622.
               
            
             
               54.
               
               Fr.
               Lewis
               Mendez
               de
               Vasconcelos
               ,
               a
               Portuguese
               ,
               chosen
               17
               Sept.
               1622.
               died
               7
               March
               1623.
               
            
             
               55.
               
               Fr.
               Antonius
               de
               Paula
               ,
               a
               Gascoigner
               ,
               chosen
               10
               March
               1623.
               died
               9
               June
               1636.
               
            
             
               56.
               
               Fr.
               Joannes
               Paulus
               Lasoaris
               de
               Castellar
               of
               Nizza
               ,
               elected
               11
               June
               1636.
               
               
                 He
                 was
                 living
                 in
                 the
                 year
              
               1647
               ,
               when
               Malta
               illustrata
               
                 was
                 published
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 him
                 succeeded
              
            
             
               57.
               
               Fr.
               Martinus
               de
               Redin
               ,
               a
               Spaniard
               ,
               
                 in
                 the
                 year
              
               1657.
               
            
             
               58.
               
               Fr.
               Gassant
               de
               Clermont
               of
               Daulphiny
               ,
               
                 in
                 the
                 year
              
               1659.
               and
               died
               in
               the
               same
               year
               .
            
             
               59.
               
               
                 Raphael
                 Cotoner
              
               of
               Majorca
               ,
               who
               died
               in
               the
               year
               1663.
               he
               was
               Brother
               to
               the
               present
               Grand
               Master
               .
            
             
               About
               5
               miles
               distant
               from
               Malta
               Westward
               lies
               the
               Island
               Gozo
               ,
               
               called
               by
               the
               ancients
               Gaulos
               ,
               12
               miles
               long
               ;
               6½
               broad
               ,
               and
               about
               30
               in
               circuit
               .
               The
               soil
               like
               that
               of
               Sicily
               very
               deep
               and
               fruitful
               of
               Wheat
               and
               other
               grain
               .
               This
               Island
               is
               mountainous
               ,
               yet
               all
               cultivated
               ,
               furnished
               with
               store
               of
               fresh
               sorings
               .
               It
               maintains
               upon
               it
               3000
               persons
               ,
               the
               number
               of
               houses
               being
               about
               500.
               
               It
               was
               much
               more
               populous
               before
               the
               
                 Turkish
                 Armata
              
               most
               inhumanely
               wasted
               it
               in
               the
               year
               1565
               ,
               carrying
               away
               prisoners
               6000
               persons
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               streight
               betwixt
               Malta
               and
               Gozo
               lies
               a
               little
               Island
               called
               Comina
               ,
               anciently
               ,
               according
               to
               
                 Cluverius
                 ,
                 Hephaestia
              
               ,
               about
               5
               miles
               in
               compass
               and
               well
               cultivated
               ;
               for
               the
               defence
               whereof
               the
               Gr.
               Master
               Wignacourt
               caused
               a
               Fort
               to
               be
               built
               opposite
               to
               that
               on
               the
               other
               side
               the
               streight
               in
               Gozo
               ,
               to
               secure
               the
               streight
               and
               hinder
               any
               vessels
               passing
               between
               the
               Islands
               without
               leave
               .
            
             
             
               That
               there
               is
               great
               plenty
               of
               shells
               and
               fish-bones
               petrified
               found
               in
               Malta
               ,
               I
               have
               already
               intimated
               .
               I
               shall
               now
               therefore
               only
               name
               those
               which
               are
               not
               at
               all
               or
               but
               rarely
               found
               with
               us
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Glossopetrae
               ,
               
               which
               are
               nothing
               else
               but
               Sharks
               teeth
               ,
               of
               several
               shapes
               and
               sizes
               .
               These
               the
               Maltese
               call
               
                 Serpents
                 Tongues
              
               .
               2.
               
               The
               Vertebres
               of
               Thornbacks
               and
               other
               cartilagineous
               fishes
               .
               3.
               
               
                 Cats
                 heads
              
               (
               as
               they
               call
               them
               from
               their
               likeness
               to
               a
               little
               skull
               .
               )
               4.
               
               
                 Serpents
                 eyes
              
               of
               several
               figures
               and
               colours
               .
               The
               most
               of
               them
               red
               and
               like
               to
               those
               they
               call
               Toad-stones
               ;
               the
               exteriour
               superficies
               being
               a
               segment
               of
               a
               sphaerical
               ,
               and
               shining
               as
               if
               it
               were
               polished
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               are
               commonly
               set
               in
               rings
               .
               I
               have
               seen
               great
               lumps
               or
               masses
               of
               these
               cemented
               together
               .
               That
               the
               Toadstone
               is
               nothing
               else
               but
               the
               jaw-tooth
               of
               a
               fish
               called
               
                 Lupus
                 marinus
              
               by
               Schonfeldius
               ,
               
               Dr.
               Merret
               in
               his
               Pinax
               hath
               first
               published
               to
               the
               world
               ;
               and
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               these
               have
               the
               same
               or
               like
               original
               .
               5.
               
               
                 Serpents
                 teeth
              
               ,
               which
               are
               small
               ,
               oblong
               ,
               striate
               stones
               of
               a
               polite
               superficies
               ,
               but
               no
               certain
               figure
               .
               Whither
               to
               refer
               these
               as
               yet
               I
               know
               not
               ,
               as
               neither
               6.
               
               Those
               they
               call
               
                 Serpents
                 eggs
              
               ,
               which
               are
               somewhat
               like
               the
               former
               but
               not
               striate
               with
               lines
               .
               7.
               
               
                 Bastons
                 of
                 S.
                 Paul
              
               [
               
                 Baculi
                 S.
                 Pauli
              
               ]
               having
               the
               resemblance
               of
               small
               snagged
               sticks
               .
               8.
               
               
                 Petrified
                 Lentils
              
               ,
               because
               for
               colour
               ,
               figure
               and
               magnitude
               somewhat
               like
               to
               that
               pulse
               .
               Besides
               ,
               I
               found
               among
               the
               stones
               I
               bought
               there
               some
               exactly
               figured
               like
               the
               fore
               teeth
               of
               a
               man
               ,
               and
               doubtless
               many
               other
               sorts
               by
               diligent
               search
               might
               be
               found
               ,
               which
               have
               not
               as
               yet
               been
               named
               or
               taken
               notice
               of
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               Plants
               I
               found
               heer
               very
               few
               sorts
               but
               what
               I
               had
               before
               observed
               in
               Italy
               and
               Sicily
               ,
               viz.
               
                 Cucumis
                 asininus
                 ;
                 Hypericum
                 tomentosum
                 ;
                 Consolida
                 regalis
                 peregrina
                 parvo
                 flore
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Carduus
                 lactens
                 peregrinus
              
               Cam.
               There
               are
               but
               few
               trees
               growing
               upon
               the
               Island
               ,
               the
               greatest
               want
               they
               have
               being
               of
               
               fewel
               ,
               to
               supply
               which
               defect
               they
               have
               of
               late
               begun
               to
               make
               use
               of
               Sea-wrack
               to
               burn
               in
               their
               ovens
               ,
               prepared
               after
               a
               certain
               manner
               invented
               by
               a
               pesant
               of
               Malta
               ,
               for
               which
               he
               is
               highly
               commended
               by
               Abela
               as
               a
               great
               benefactor
               to
               his
               Countrey
               .
            
             
               Heer
               I
               first
               noted
               the
               custom
               of
               slitting
               up
               the
               notrils
               of
               Asses
               ;
               because
               they
               being
               naturally
               streight
               or
               small
               ,
               suffice
               not
               to
               admit
               air
               enough
               to
               serve
               them
               when
               they
               travel
               or
               labour
               hard
               in
               these
               hot
               Countreys
               .
               For
               the
               hotter
               the
               Countrey
               is
               ,
               the
               more
               air
               is
               necessary
               for
               respiration
               and
               refreshment
               of
               the
               body
               ;
               there
               being
               less
               of
               that
               menstruum
               which
               serves
               to
               nourish
               or
               continue
               fire
               and
               consequently
               ●he
               vital
               heat
               of
               Animals
               (
               which
               hath
               great
               likeness
               thereto
               )
               in
               hot
               air
               then
               in
               cold
               ;
               whence
               we
               see
               that
               fire
               burns
               furiously
               in
               cold
               weather
               and
               but
               faintly
               in
               hot
               .
               Whether
               it
               be
               because
               the
               air
               is
               thinner
               in
               hot
               weather
               and
               hot
               Countreys
               ,
               or
               because
               the
               reflected
               Sun-beams
               spend
               and
               consume
               a
               good
               part
               of
               the
               forementioned
               menstruum
               ,
               or
               from
               both
               these
               causes
               .
               That
               the
               air
               is
               thinner
               and
               consequently
               the
               menstruum
               also
               more
               diffused
               in
               hot
               weather
               is
               clear
               in
               experience
               .
               I
               need
               mention
               no
               other
               experiment
               to
               demonstrate
               it
               then
               the
               air
               enclosed
               in
               the
               shank
               of
               an
               ordinary
               weather-glass
               ,
               which
               in
               hot
               weather
               dilates
               its
               self
               ,
               and
               in
               cold
               contracts
               very
               considerably
               .
               So
               then
               to
               give
               an
               account
               of
               the
               raging
               of
               fire
               in
               the
               coldest
               weather
               ,
               we
               need
               not
               have
               recourse
               to
               the
               insignificant
               term
               of
               Antiperistasis
               ;
               the
               true
               reason
               thereof
               being
               the
               density
               of
               the
               ambient
               and
               contiguous
               air
               containing
               plenty
               of
               that
               menstruum
               which
               nourishes
               the
               fire
               .
            
             
               I
               omitted
               to
               mention
               the
               ancient
               Coemeteria
               ,
               or
               subterraneous
               burying-places
               called
               Catacumbe
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               be
               many
               in
               Malta
               ,
               because
               of
               these
               we
               have
               already
               had
               occasion
               to
               discourse
               in
               our
               description
               of
               Syracuse
               in
               Sicily
               .
            
             
               That
               this
               Island
               produces
               or
               nourishes
               no
               Serpent
               
               or
               other
               venemous
               creature
               ,
               the
               common
               people
               affirm
               ;
               but
               because
               I
               find
               no
               mention
               heerof
               in
               Abela
               ,
               I
               give
               little
               credit
               to
               their
               report
               :
               should
               it
               be
               true
               ,
               it
               would
               be
               to
               me
               a
               great
               argument
               that
               this
               was
               not
               the
               Island
               upon
               which
               St.
               Paul
               was
               cast
               when
               he
               suffered
               Shipwrack
               ,
               but
               rather
               that
               Melita
               before
               mentioned
               upon
               the
               Coast
               of
               Dalmatia
               ,
               for
               which
               there
               is
               also
               some
               ground
               in
               the
               Scripture
               ,
               which
               saith
               Acts
               27.
               26.
               
            
             
               For
               that
               St.
               Paul
               upon
               the
               Vipers
               fastning
               on
               his
               hand
               did
               by
               his
               Prayers
               obtain
               of
               God
               ,
               that
               all
               the
               Serpents
               in
               Malta
               should
               be
               turned
               into
               stones
               ,
               and
               the
               Island
               for
               the
               future
               wholly
               free
               from
               all
               venemous
               beasts
               ,
               is
               a
               Monkish
               fancy
               ,
               grounded
               upon
               the
               forementioned
               petrified
               fish-bones
               ,
               which
               they
               fondly
               imagined
               were
               sometime
               parts
               of
               Serpents
               :
               whereas
               in
               other
               places
               where
               plenty
               of
               such
               stones
               are
               found
               there
               is
               no
               lack
               of
               Serpents
               .
               I
               confess
               it
               is
               difficult
               to
               imagine
               how
               Serpents
               should
               come
               at
               first
               to
               breed
               heer
               ,
               if
               the
               whole
               Island
               were
               once
               (
               as
               we
               conceive
               )
               a
               submarine
               Rock
               covered
               with
               the
               Sea
               ;
               and
               there
               be
               no
               spontaneous
               generation
               of
               animals
               ,
               as
               wel
               also
               believe
               :
               because
               it
               can
               scarce
               be
               imagined
               that
               any
               man
               should
               on
               purpose
               bring
               over
               Serpents
               hither
               ;
               unless
               perchance
               to
               shew
               them
               for
               a
               curiosity
               .
               Whether
               there
               be
               venemous
               beasts
               or
               no
               I
               am
               sure
               there
               are
               venemous
               insects
               heer
               ,
               the
               very
               biting
               ox
               stinging
               of
               the
               Gnats
               (
               with
               which
               the
               City
               is
               much
               infested
               )
               being
               more
               virulent
               then
               in
               other
               places
               .
               For
               my
               part
               I
               do
               not
               remember
               that
               in
               England
               the
               biting
               of
               a
               gnat
               did
               ever
               cause
               a
               swelling
               ,
               or
               leave
               a
               mark
               behind
               it
               in
               the
               skin
               of
               my
               face
               (
               though
               I
               know
               in
               some
               it
               doth
               )
               but
               there
               it
               both
               raised
               a
               swelling
               ,
               and
               left
               a
               mark
               behind
               it
               that
               was
               not
               out
               for
               a
               month
               after
               .
               The
               Maltese
               easily
               defend
               themselves
               from
               the
               annoyance
               and
               bitings
               of
               this
               insect
               ,
               keeping
               them
               out
               of
               their
               beds
               by
               large
               linnen
               curtains
               lapping
               over
               one
               another
               .
               At
               first
               we
               were
               
               not
               aware
               of
               the
               trouble
               these
               Animals
               were
               like
               to
               give
               us
               ,
               and
               left
               our
               curtains
               open
               .
            
             
               From
               Malta
               we
               returned
               the
               same
               way
               to
               Messina
               ;
               staying
               a
               day
               at
               Catania
               ;
               where
               we
               hired
               horses
               and
               took
               a
               Souldier
               to
               guide
               us
               up
               Mount
               Aetna
               ,
               
               now
               called
               Mon-Ghibello
               .
               The
               top
               of
               which
               at
               Catania
               was
               told
               us
               to
               be
               30
               miles
               distant
               .
               We
               ascended
               for
               the
               most
               part
               all
               along
               from
               Catania
               ,
               and
               we
               found
               the
               ground
               rich
               ,
               and
               well
               cultivated
               ,
               and
               the
               Countrey
               well
               inhabited
               ;
               for
               the
               slag
               and
               cinders
               cast
               out
               of
               the
               mountain
               ,
               being
               in
               process
               of
               time
               dissolved
               by
               the
               weather
               ,
               doth
               mightily
               fatten
               and
               enrich
               the
               soil
               .
               We
               rode
               up
               so
               high
               till
               we
               came
               to
               the
               conservatories
               of
               snow
               ;
               and
               seeing
               the
               mountain
               above
               us
               all
               covered
               with
               snow
               ;
               we
               did
               not
               ,
               nor
               indeed
               could
               we
               ascend
               any
               higher
               .
               The
               trees
               heerabout
               had
               at
               this
               time
               scarce
               put
               out
               their
               leaves
               .
               As
               we
               went
               up
               we
               found
               in
               one
               place
               the
               ground
               covered
               for
               a
               quarter
               of
               a
               mile
               broad
               ,
               and
               4
               or
               5
               miles
               in
               length
               ,
               with
               cinders
               ,
               which
               had
               been
               thrown
               forth
               by
               the
               mountain
               ,
               and
               was
               cartainly
               the
               relique
               of
               a
               huge
               stream
               of
               melted
               coals
               ,
               iron
               ,
               stones
               and
               sulphure
               poured
               out
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               last
               eruption
               ,
               nothing
               as
               yet
               growing
               among
               these
               stones
               and
               cinders
               .
               This
               mountain
               hash
               in
               former
               times
               thrown
               forth
               stones
               and
               slag
               as
               far
               as
               Catania
               it self
               ,
               as
               we
               could
               manifestly
               see
               ;
               but
               of
               all
               the
               eruptions
               that
               ever
               were
               I
               believe
               this
               last
               which
               happened
               [
               Anno
               1669.
               ]
               since
               our
               being
               there
               was
               the
               greatest
               and
               most
               horrid
               ;
               for
               a
               full
               description
               and
               exact
               account
               wherof
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               to
               Borellus
               his
               learned
               Treatise
               
                 De
                 incendiis
                 Aetnae
              
               .
               This
               mountain
               is
               of
               a
               very
               great
               height
               ,
               and
               we
               were
               told
               by
               credible
               persons
               ,
               that
               one
               might
               see
               it
               at
               Sea
               over
               the
               whole
               Island
               any
               way
               one
               came
               thither
               .
               We
               could
               clearly
               discern
               the
               top
               of
               it
               as
               far
               as
               the
               Island
               of
               Malta
               ,
               which
               in
               a
               right
               line
               must
               needs
               be
               at
               least
               100
               miles
               distant
               .
               One
               thing
               we
               could
               not
               but
               wonder
               at
               ,
               that
               there
               should
               
               be
               a
               ring
               of
               snow
               about
               the
               top
               of
               Aetnas
               ,
               but
               the
               highest
               top
               it self
               bare
               ,
               without
               any
               snow
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               Inhabitants
               of
               Sicily
               are
               noted
               for
               churlish
               and
               uncivil
               to
               Strangers
               ,
               
               and
               I
               think
               not
               undeservedly
               .
               The
               Italians
               have
               a
               Proverb
               ,
               
                 Omnes
                 insulani
                 mali
                 ,
                 Siciliani
                 autem
                 pessimi
                 .
              
               All
               Islanders
               are
               bad
               ,
               but
               the
               Sicilians
               worst
               of
               all
               .
               This
               Island
               is
               confessedly
               a
               very
               ill
               place
               to
               travel
               in
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Robbers
               and
               Banditi
               wherewith
               it
               is
               infested
               ,
               thanks
               to
               the
               good
               Government
               ,
               which
               takes
               no
               more
               care
               to
               cleanse
               it
               of
               such
               vermine
               .
               These
               Bandits
               will
               not
               be
               content
               with
               your
               money
               ,
               but
               will
               also
               seize
               your
               person
               and
               detain
               you
               prisoner
               in
               the
               mountains
               till
               you
               give
               them
               a
               good
               ransom
               for
               your
               deliverance
               .
            
             
               We
               took
               notice
               of
               some
               Laws
               and
               Customs
               proper
               to
               Sicily
               during
               our
               stay
               heer
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               It
               is
               unlawful
               to
               carry
               out
               of
               this
               Island
               in
               money
               more
               then
               ten
               crowns
               a
               person
               ;
               if
               any
               one
               carries
               out
               more
               and
               be
               taken
               ,
               all
               is
               forfeited
               .
               But
               the
               searchers
               are
               not
               so
               strict
               ,
               but
               that
               if
               you
               give
               them
               a
               little
               money
               they
               will
               let
               you
               pass
               ,
               especially
               if
               you
               be
               a
               stranger
               and
               traveller
               ,
               without
               any
               searching
               at
               all
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               It
               is
               unlawful
               to
               kill
               any
               Calves
               in
               this
               Island
               ,
               so
               that
               no
               Veal
               can
               be
               procured
               heer
               .
               And
               yet
               at
               Malta
               they
               have
               Veal
               enough
               ,
               transported
               hence
               by
               stealth
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               It
               is
               unlawful
               to
               take
               above
               one
               ounce
               of
               silver
               without
               weighing
               of
               it
               ;
               so
               that
               if
               you
               buy
               any
               thing
               which
               comes
               to
               more
               ,
               though
               your
               money
               be
               never
               so
               good
               ,
               you
               shall
               see
               them
               
                 pro
                 forma
              
               put
               it
               in
               their
               scales
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               No
               person
               under
               age
               [
               
                 imberbis
                 Iuvenis
              
               ]
               may
               be
               received
               in
               any
               time
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               unless
               he
               hath
               a
               patent
               and
               license
               to
               travel
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               It
               is
               prohibited
               under
               pain
               of
               death
               to
               any
               man
               to
               carry
               pistols
               about
               him
               ;
               but
               long
               guns
               they
               may
               and
               do
               all
               carry
               .
               The
               reason
               is
               because
               a
               pistol
               
               may
               easily
               be
               hid
               ,
               and
               so
               men
               murthered
               unawares
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               All
               the
               money
               current
               in
               Sicily
               is
               coined
               at
               Messina
               .
            
             
               After
               our
               return
               to
               
                 Messina
                 ,
                 May
              
               27.
               we
               passed
               by
               boat
               over
               the
               Fretum
               to
               see
               Rhegio
               or
               Rhezo
               ,
               
               anciently
               Regium
               ,
               an
               old
               City
               ,
               but
               now
               Very
               mean
               and
               poor
               .
               All
               they
               have
               to
               boast
               of
               at
               present
               is
               their
               Gardens
               well
               stored
               with
               all
               sorts
               of
               the
               best
               fruits
               ;
               their
               Silk
               ,
               of
               which
               plenty
               is
               made
               heer
               and
               (
               if
               we
               may
               believe
               themselves
               )
               the
               best
               in
               Italy
               or
               sicily
               :
               And
               S.
               Pauls
               .
               pillar
               which
               burned
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               have
               but
               a
               small
               fragment
               remaining
               .
               They
               told
               us
               many
               stories
               and
               legends
               of
               it
               ,
               which
               we
               gave
               little
               heed
               to
               .
            
             
               We
               took
               boat
               and
               went
               as
               far
               as
               Scylla
               ,
               
               to
               see
               the
               fishing
               of
               the
               
                 Pesce
                 Spada
              
               or
               Sword-fish
               .
               The
               maner
               whereof
               is
               thus
               .
               On
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Cliffs
               by
               the
               Sea-side
               stand
               
                 Speculatores
                 (
                 Huers
              
               our
               Fisher-men
               call
               them
               )
               to
               espy
               the
               Fish
               ,
               who
               so
               soon
               as
               they
               see
               them
               ,
               either
               by
               voice
               if
               they
               be
               near
               ,
               or
               by
               known
               signs
               if
               at
               distance
               ,
               give
               notice
               to
               the
               Fishing-boats
               whereabouts
               the
               fish
               are
               .
               The
               boat
               presently
               makes
               towards
               the
               place
               ;
               then
               one
               gets
               up
               to
               the
               top
               of
               a
               little
               mast
               in
               the
               boat
               ,
               made
               with
               steps
               on
               purpose
               ,
               and
               there
               stands
               to
               observe
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               fish
               and
               direct
               the
               rowers
               ,
               who
               accordingly
               ply
               their
               oars
               .
               When
               they
               are
               come
               very
               near
               him
               ,
               he
               upon
               the
               mast
               comes
               down
               ,
               and
               taking
               the
               harping
               iron
               in
               his
               hand
               ,
               if
               he
               can
               strikes
               it
               into
               him
               .
               The
               fish
               being
               wounded
               ,
               plays
               up
               and
               down
               and
               wearies
               himself
               ,
               and
               when
               he
               is
               faint
               and
               spent
               they
               draw
               him
               up
               into
               the
               boat
               :
               This
               is
               much
               like
               the
               Whale-fishing
               .
               The
               harping
               iron
               is
               put
               on
               a
               staff
               or
               pole
               of
               wood
               .
               The
               point
               of
               it
               is
               sharp
               and
               hath
               beards
               on
               each
               side
               like
               a
               barbed
               arrow
               ,
               so
               joynted
               that
               if
               you
               hold
               the
               point
               upward
               they
               clap
               close
               to
               the
               shaft
               ,
               if
               downward
               they
               fall
               off
               from
               it
               on
               each
               side
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               resist
               not
               the
               going
               in
               of
               the
               iron
               but
               only
               the
               
               drawing
               out
               .
               This
               fish
               is
               held
               a
               great
               dainty
               by
               the
               Messanese
               ,
               as
               much
               longed
               for
               and
               as
               greedily
               bought
               up
               by
               them
               as
               Soland
               goose
               by
               the
               Scots
               ;
               sold
               in
               Messina
               at
               first
               coming
               in
               for
               six
               pence
               English
               the
               pound
               .
               In
               May
               and
               beginning
               of
               June
               it
               is
               taken
               on
               the
               coast
               of
               Calabria
               ;
               about
               the
               latter
               end
               of
               June
               it
               comes
               over
               to
               the
               Sicilian
               side
               and
               is
               taken
               about
               the
               Faro
               till
               August
               .
               There
               because
               there
               be
               no
               rocks
               or
               cliffs
               hanging
               over
               the
               Sea
               ,
               they
               prepare
               a
               large
               boat
               or
               brigandine
               ,
               and
               pitch
               up
               in
               it
               a
               tall
               mast
               with
               shrowds
               like
               the
               mast
               of
               a
               ship
               ,
               on
               the
               top
               of
               which
               the
               Speculator
               or
               Huer
               stands
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               beginning
               of
               June
               yearly
               is
               celebrated
               at
               Messina
               a
               great
               Festival
               called
               The
               Feast
               of
               our
               Lady
               of
               the
               Letter
               :
               it
               continues
               near
               a
               weeks
               time
               with
               great
               solemnity
               .
               During
               this
               time
               all
               the
               house-keepers
               hang
               out
               in
               all
               the
               streets
               a
               multitude
               of
               lamps
               ,
               candles
               ,
               and
               tapers
               ,
               and
               set
               their
               windows
               as
               full
               of
               lights
               in
               paper-lanthorns
               as
               they
               can
               hold
               ,
               which
               burn
               all
               night
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               streets
               are
               as
               lightsome
               almost
               by
               night
               as
               by
               day
               .
               Nay
               the
               light
               was
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               at
               a
               good
               distance
               from
               the
               Town
               as
               we
               came
               thither
               late
               at
               night
               ,
               the
               reflection
               thereof
               from
               the
               clouds
               and
               atmosphere
               appeared
               to
               us
               like
               the
               Aurora
               or
               Crepuseulum
               ,
               though
               we
               saw
               not
               the
               lights
               themselves
               ,
               and
               it
               was
               no
               dark
               night
               ,
               the
               moon
               as
               I
               remember
               shining
               .
               They
               call
               it
               the
               Feast
               of
               our
               Lady
               of
               the
               Letter
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               held
               in
               memory
               of
               a
               Letter
               written
               to
               them
               (
               as
               they
               say
               )
               by
               the
               Virgin
               Mary
               ;
               which
               how
               sorry
               and
               ungrounded
               a
               fiction
               it
               is
               the
               pretended
               Letter
               it self
               (
               of
               which
               also
               they
               confess
               themselves
               not
               to
               have
               the
               Greek
               original
               ,
               but
               only
               a
               Latine
               copy
               )
               will
               best
               demonstrate
               to
               any
               not
               grosly
               stupid
               Reader
               .
               It
               runs
               thus
               ,
               
                 
                 Maria
                 virgo
                 Joachim
                 filia
                 Dei
                 humillima
                 ,
                 Christi
                 Jesit
                 crucifixi
                 mater
                 ,
                 ex
                 tribu
                 Juda
                 ,
                 stirpe
                 David
                 Messanensibus
                 omnibus
                 salutem
                 &
                 Dei
                 patris
                 omnipotentis
                 benedictionem
                 .
              
            
             
               Vos
               omnes
               fide
               magna
               legatos
               ac
               nuncios
               per
               publicum
               documentum
               ad
               nos
               misisse
               constat
               :
               Filium
               nostrum
               Dei
               genitum
               Deum
               &
               hominem
               esse
               fatemini
               ;
               &
               in
               coelum
               post
               suam
               resurrectionem
               ascendisse
               ,
               Pauli
               Apostoli
               electi
               praedicatione
               mediante
               viam
               veritatis
               agnoscentes
               .
               Ob
               quod
               vos
               &
               ipsam
               civitatem
               benedicimus
               ,
               cujus
               perpetuam
               protectricem
               nos
               esse
               volumus
               .
               Anno
               Filii
               nostri
               XII
               .
               Indict
               ,
               I
               ,
               III
               Nonas
               Junii
               ,
               Luna
               XXVII
               ,
               Feria
               V.
               Ex
               Hierosolymis
               Maria
               virgo
               quae
               supra
               hoc
               chirographum
               approbavit
               .
            
             
               We
               departed
               from
               Messina
               ,
               
               takin
               a
               Feluca
               for
               Naples
               .
               The
               first
               night
               we
               lodged
               at
               Tropia
               ,
               a
               small
               Town
               in
               Calabria
               about
               60
               miles
               distant
               from
               Messma
               .
               Heer
               we
               observed
               growing
               on
               the
               Rocks
               near
               the
               Town
               
                 Ziziphus
                 sive
                 Jujuba
                 sylvest
              
               .
               Park
               .
               
                 Conyza
                 minor
                 vera
              
               Ger.
               
                 Androsaemum
                 foetidum
              
               Park
               .
               i.
               e.
               Tragium
               ;
               besides
               many
               others
               which
               we
               had
               before
               found
               in
               Sicily
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               night
               we
               lay
               at
               
                 S.
                 Lucido
              
               ,
               
               where
               we
               also
               observed
               the
               mild
               Jujube
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               night
               we
               lay
               at
               
                 Porto
                 Nicolo
              
               ,
               
               a
               little
               creek
               or
               cove
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               Scalea
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               a
               small
               Castle
               .
               Heer
               and
               at
               Scalea
               we
               observed
               the
               common
               Cypress
               tree
               ;
               
                 Lamium
                 Pergrinum
                 sive
                 Scutellaria
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Rosmarinum
                 vulgare
              
               ,
               quod
               in
               toto
               hoc
               litore
               in
               rupibus
               copiosè
               provent
               :
               
                 Sabina
                 baccifera
              
               ,
               called
               also
               
                 Cedrus
                 Lycia
                 retusa
              
               Bellonii
               ;
               
                 Chondrilla
                 rara
                 purpurea
                 ,
                 Crupina
                 Belgarum
                 dicta
              
               Park
               .
               
                 Meum
                 alterum
                 italicum
                 quibusdam
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 maximus
                 rubber
              
               ;
               the
               largest
               and
               fairest-flower'd
               wild
               Pink
               or
               
               
                 July
                 flower
              
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               ,
               on
               the
               rocks
               at
               
                 Scalea
                 ;
                 Caryophyllus
                 gramineo
                 solio
                 minimus
              
               ;
               a
               sort
               of
               small
               Scorzonera
               or
               
                 Goats-beard
                 ;
                 Jacea
                 incana
                 ,
                 teuuiter
                 laciniata
                 ,
                 capitulis
                 Jace●
                 nigrae
                 vulgaris
                 ;
                 Valeriana
                 quaedam
                 supina
                 serpyllifolia
                 ,
              
               n.
               d.
               This
               was
               afterward
               shew'd
               us
               dried
               by
               
                 Joan.
                 Maria
                 Ferro
              
               an
               Apothecary
               in
               Venice
               ,
               to
               whom
               it
               was
               sent
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Periclymenum
               :
               Myrtus
               communis
               Italica
               C.
               B.
               
                 Auricula
                 ursi
              
               ;
               which
               we
               wondered
               to
               find
               heer
               upon
               the
               rocks
               ,
               being
               an
               Alpine
               plant
               ,
               and
               which
               delights
               in
               colder
               places
               .
               
                 Casia
                 poetica
              
               Lob.
               Not
               to
               mention
               
                 Ferrum
                 equinum
                 siliquâ
                 singulari
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Acanthium
                 Illyricum
                 ;
                 Polium
                 montanum
                 album
              
               C.
               B.
               and
               some
               sorts
               of
               Securidaca
               ,
               common
               elsewhere
               in
               Italy
               .
               Heer
               also
               I
               first
               sound
               that
               species
               of
               Campanula
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               denominated
               
                 minor
                 ,
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 ,
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 pentagono
                 grandi
                 .
                 It
              
               hath
               a
               leaf
               like
               to
               the
               common
               
                 Campanula
                 minor
                 rotundifolia
              
               ,
               sometimes
               rough
               and
               hairy
               ,
               sometimes
               smooth
               .
               
                 Agnus
                 castus
              
               in
               toto
               hoc
               litore
               in
               arenosis
               frequentissimus
               est
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               night
               at
               a
               little
               place
               called
               Chiupo
               .
               
            
             
               We
               lodged
               at
               Salerno
               where
               we
               quitted
               our
               boat
               ,
               
               and
               stayed
               one
               day
               .
               Salerno
               though
               the
               Sea
               of
               an
               Archbishop
               is
               at
               present
               but
               a
               mean
               City
               ,
               having
               narrow
               streets
               .
               Whatever
               there
               hath
               been
               formerly
               ,
               there
               is
               now
               neither
               University
               nor
               
                 Schola
                 illustris
              
               in
               it
               ,
               that
               we
               could
               hear
               of
               :
               scarce
               any
               footsteps
               of
               the
               old
               School
               remaining
               .
               In
               the
               Cathedral
               Church
               dedicated
               to
               
                 S.
                 Matthew
              
               we
               observed
               the
               Monuments
               of
               the
               famous
               
                 Hildebrand
                 ,
                 Helbrand
              
               the
               Germans
               call
               him
               ,
               the
               great
               introducer
               of
               the
               Celibate
               of
               Priests
               ,
               and
               opposer
               of
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               called
               Pope
               Gregory
               the
               VII
               .
               In
               the
               Porch
               before
               the
               Church
               lie
               many
               ancient
               Roman
               Grave-stones
               ,
               wich
               inscriptions
               .
               
               As
               for
               Plants
               we
               heer
               noted
               ,
               
                 Barba
                 Jovis
                 frutex
              
               ,
               on
               the
               rocks
               plentifully
               ;
               
                 Saturcia
                 durior
                 J.
                 B.
                 Laurus
                 Tinus
                 caeruleâ
                 baccâ
              
               Lob.
               Cytisus
               glaber
               
               
                 siliquâ
                 lata
              
               J.
               B.
               on
               the
               rocks
               ,
               which
               plant
               is
               was
               not
               my
               hap
               to
               meet
               withal
               growing
               wild
               any
               where
               else
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               :
               Colutea
               minima
               sive
               Coronilla
               Ger.
               Melissa
               ●sylvestris
               birsutior
               &
               minùs
               odorata
               ;
               Echium
               majus
               &
               asperius
               flore
               albo
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Thlaspi
               Candiae
               Ger.
               Lamium
               peregrinum
               sive
               Scuttellaria
               ;
               Sorbus
               domestica
               
                 Lob.
                 Peucedani
                 facie
                 pusilla
                 planta
              
               Lob.
               Lotus
               arbor
               ;
               Staphylodendron
               ;
               Colus
               Jovis
               ;
               
                 Besides
                 these
                 many
                 before
                 set
                 down
                 ,
                 found
                 in
              
               Sicily
               
                 and
                 other
                 parts
                 of
              
               Italy
               ,
               viz.
               Antirrhinum
               majus
               purpureum
               ;
               Lentiscus
               ;
               Alaternus
               ;
               Conyza
               major
               Monspeliensis
               odorata
               J.
               B.
               Ricinus
               sive
               Palma
               Christi
               ;
               Scrophularia
               Ruta
               canina
               dicta
               ;
               Stoechas
               citrina
               angustifolia
               ;
               Genista
               Hispanica
               ;
               Tithymalus
               arboreus
               Park
               .
               Valeriana
               rubra
               Dod.
               Ilex
               arborea
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Copparis
               ;
               Scorpioides
               Bupleuri
               folio
               ;
               chrysanthemum
               Bellidis
               folio
               
                 Hort.
                 Pat.
              
               Teucrium
               majus
               vulgare
               Park
               .
               Colutea
               scorpioides
               ;
               Chrysocome
               capitulis
               conglobatis
               Ger.
               Caprificus
               ;
               Trifolium
               bituminosum
               ;
               Meum
               alterum
               Italicum
               ;
               Cyclamen
               hederae
               folio
               ;
               Periclymenum
               perfoliatum
               ●●lidarum
               regionum
               Lob.
               Anagyris
               foetida
               ;
               Smilax
               aspera
               ;
               Asparagus
               sylvestris
               sive
               Corruda
               ;
               Acantbus
               sativus
               ;
               Dorycnium
               Monspessulanum
               fruticosum
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Trifolium
               album
               rectum
               hirsutum
               valdè
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Telephium
               
                 scorpioides
                 Ang.
                 Lob.
              
               Martagon
               Chymistarum
               Lob.
               Geranium
               Romanum
               versicolor
               sive
               striatum
               Park
               .
               Monte
               Angelo
               
                 a
                 Mountain
                 near
                 this
                 Town
                 is
                 a
                 place
                 noted
                 for
                 variety
                 of
                 plants
                 ,
                 but
                 we
                 had
                 not
                 time
                 to
                 search
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               From
               Salerno
               we
               travelled
               by
               land
               to
               Naples
               ,
               
               passing
               through
               
                 La
                 Cava
              
               a
               pretty
               Town
               having
               Porticos
               on
               each
               side
               the
               streets
               ,
               and
               Nocera
               ,
               both
               Episcopal
               Seas
               ;
               
                 Scafata
                 ;
                 Torre
                 d'
                 Annunciata
                 ,
                 Torre
                 di
                 Greco
                 ,
              
               considerable
               Burghs
               .
            
             
               We
               returned
               back
               from
               Naples
               to
               Ligorn
               by
               water
               ,
               
               baulking
               Rome
               for
               the
               present
               ,
               being
               deterred
               from
               going
               thither
               by
               the
               general
               vogue
               in
               Italy
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               Summer
               months
               ,
               and
               till
               the
               rains
               fall
               ,
               it
               
               is
               very
               dangerous
               for
               him
               that
               is
               in
               Rome
               to
               go
               out
               thence
               ,
               or
               him
               that
               is
               out
               to
               enter
               in
               there
               .
               The
               first
               night
               we
               reacht
               no
               further
               then
               Nisita
               ,
               a
               little
               Island
               in
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               bay
               of
               Pozzuolo●
               ,
               about
               5
               miles
               distant
               from
               Naples
               .
               The
               second
               day
               we
               proceeded
               as
               far
               as
               Sperlonga
               ,
               a
               little
               short
               of
               Terracina
               anciently
               Anxur
               ,
               about
               60
               miles
               .
               The
               third
               day
               we
               passed
               by
               
                 Monte
                 Circello
              
               or
               the
               
                 Promontorium
                 Circeium
              
               ,
               where
               the
               famous
               enchantress
               Circe
               is
               reported
               to
               have
               dwelt
               .
               This
               Promontory
               stands
               out
               a
               great
               way
               into
               the
               Sea
               ,
               so
               that
               at
               a
               distance
               we
               took
               it
               for
               an
               Island
               .
               As
               we
               were
               just
               over
               against
               the
               utmost
               point
               of
               it
               ,
               we
               observed
               a
               great
               number
               of
               insects
               very
               like
               to
               Cicadae
               and
               which
               we
               have
               not
               elsewhere
               seen
               ,
               flying
               about
               in
               the
               air
               .
               Our
               boatmen
               called
               them
               Gronge
               .
               Divers
               of
               them
               we
               caught
               in
               our
               boat
               ;
               and
               yet
               we
               were
               at
               least
               two
               leagues
               distant
               from
               land
               .
               Possibly
               they
               might
               fly
               out
               a
               great
               way
               further
               to
               Sea
               ;
               for
               what
               reason
               we
               cannot
               easily
               imagine
               ;
               perhaps
               only
               to
               sport
               themselves
               in
               the
               Sun.
               Howbeit
               we
               do
               not
               remember
               to
               have
               seen
               any
               other
               land-insect
               fallying
               out
               so
               far
               from
               land
               .
               
               And
               now
               that
               we
               have
               made
               mention
               of
               the
               Cicada
               ,
               it
               may
               not
               be
               amiss
               by
               the
               way
               to
               take
               notice
               of
               a
               common
               error
               committed
               in
               our
               English
               Schools
               in
               translating
               or
               rendring
               this
               word
               Cicada
               in
               English
               by
               Grashopper
               ,
               whereas
               a
               Cicada
               is
               a
               much
               different
               insect
               ,
               of
               a
               rounder
               and
               shorter
               body
               ,
               that
               sits
               commonly
               upon
               trees
               ,
               and
               makes
               a
               noise
               five
               times
               louder
               then
               a
               Grashopper
               ,
               whose
               true
               name
               in
               Latine
               is
               Locusta
               ,
               and
               not
               Cicada
               .
               Of
               these
               Cicadae
               there
               are
               great
               numbers
               in
               the
               hot
               Countreys
               ,
               but
               none
               on
               this
               side
               then
               Alps
               and
               Sevenes
               .
               This
               night
               we
               lodged
               at
               Astura
               ,
               where
               yet
               remain
               some
               ruines
               of
               an
               ancient
               Town
               and
               the
               foundations
               of
               some
               buildings
               in
               the
               water
               .
            
             
               Not
               far
               hence
               the
               fourth
               day
               we
               passed
               the
               new
               Town
               of
               Antio
               ,
               
               and
               about
               a
               mile
               distant
               great
               ruines
               of
               the
               old
               Town
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               great
               mole
               for
               the
               Haven
               ;
               
               and
               this
               night
               lodged
               at
               a
               little
               tower
               called
               S.
               Michael
               near
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               River
               Tiber
               not
               far
               from
               Ostia
               .
            
             
               The
               5th
               .
               day
               we
               hed
               a
               favourable
               gale
               of
               wind
               ,
               which
               brought
               us
               to
               a
               little
               place
               called
               S.
               Stefano
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               Orbetello
               .
               This
               day
               we
               passed
               in
               sight
               of
               
                 Civita
                 Vecehia
              
               and
               
                 Porto
                 Hercole
              
               ,
               compassing
               
                 Monte
                 Argentaro
              
               .
            
             
               The
               6th
               .
               day
               there
               happened
               a
               great
               Borasco
               (
               as
               they
               term
               it
               )
               that
               is
               a
               storm
               of
               thunder
               ,
               lightning
               and
               rain
               accompanied
               with
               a
               violent
               wind
               ,
               which
               continued
               all
               the
               sorenoon
               ;
               in
               the
               afternoon
               we
               rowed
               about
               18
               or
               20
               miles
               ,
               and
               put
               in
               to
               a
               little
               Cove
               or
               harbour
               under
               a
               tower
               called
               
                 Calo
                 di
                 Furno
              
               .
               On
               the
               Sea-shore
               heerabout
               we
               found
               those
               
                 opercula
                 concharum
              
               ,
               which
               some
               naturalists
               make
               to
               be
               stones
               and
               call
               
                 Vmbilici
                 marini
              
               .
               The
               Italians
               call
               them
               S.
               
                 Lucies
                 eyes
              
               .
            
             
               The
               7th
               .
               day
               we
               proceeded
               as
               far
               as
               the
               Island
               Troia
               ,
               when
               the
               wind
               being
               contrary
               we
               were
               forced
               to
               take
               up
               at
               a
               little
               harbour
               under
               the
               shelter
               of
               a
               small
               tower
               called
               
                 Lo
                 Molino
              
               .
            
             
               The
               8th
               .
               day
               we
               passed
               Piombino
               ,
               a
               walled
               Town
               which
               hath
               a
               Prince
               of
               its
               own
               ,
               
                 Populonia
                 P.
                 Barreto
              
               ,
               S.
               
                 Vincentio
                 ,
                 Castagneto
              
               ,
               and
               Vada
               ,
               and
               lodged
               at
               a
               tower
               called
               Castiglione
               .
            
             
               The
               9th
               .
               day
               it
               having
               blown
               hard
               all
               night
               ,
               notwithstanding
               there
               was
               no
               wind
               stirring
               in
               the
               morning
               ,
               we
               found
               the
               Sea
               very
               rough
               ,
               yet
               through
               the
               good
               providence
               of
               God
               we
               got
               safe
               into
               Ligorn
               about
               noon
               .
            
             
               The
               Plants
               we
               took
               more
               especial
               notice
               of
               in
               this
               voyage
               were
               ,
               
                 Rosmarinum
                 vulgare
                 ;
                 cedrus
                 Lycia
                 folio
                 retuso
              
               Bellonii
               ;
               
                 Barba
                 Jovis
                 frutex
              
               ,
               on
               the
               rocks
               and
               cliffs
               by
               the
               Sea
               side
               in
               many
               places
               :
               
                 Cruciata
                 marina
              
               ,
               on
               the
               sands
               at
               Astura
               plentifully
               :
               
                 Thlaspi
                 capsulis
                 sublougis
                 incanum
              
               J.
               B.
               ibid.
               
                 Cichorium
                 verrucarium
                 sive
                 Zacyntha
              
               ,
               at
               the
               mouth
               of
               Tiber
               
               and
               about
               S.
               Stefano
               plentifully
               ;
               
                 Lotus
                 siliquosa
                 lutea
                 Monspeliensis
              
               J.
               B.
               besides
               another
               sort
               of
               Lotus
               with
               a
               longer
               and
               flenderer
               cod
               :
               
                 Aristolochia
                 clematitis
              
               ;
               A
               semper-virent
               shrub
               with
               a
               leaf
               like
               
                 Oleander
                 ;
                 Terebinthus
                 ;
                 Paliurus
                 ;
                 Thlaspi
                 biscutatum
                 ;
                 Ambrosia
                 vulgaris
              
               ;
               which
               it
               was
               not
               our
               hap
               to
               meet
               with
               elsewhere
               in
               all
               our
               travels
               ;
               
                 Cirsii
                 quoedam
                 species
              
               quae
               jam
               defloruerat
               ,
               at
               S.
               
                 Stefano
                 :
                 Chamaerrhiphes
                 sive
                 Palma
                 humilis
              
               about
               Orbetello
               and
               elsewhere
               on
               the
               cliffs
               of
               
                 Hetruria
                 :
                 Draba
                 quaedam
                 filiquosa
                 foliis
                 longis
                 angustis
                 incanis
                 ;
                 Euphrasia
                 pratensis
                 lutea
                 ;
                 Phillyrea
                 angustifolia
                 ,
              
               in
               montosis
               propè
               maris
               litus
               in
               toto
               hoc
               tractu
               frequentissima
               ;
               
                 Phillyrea
                 serrata
              
               2
               Clus
               .
               
                 Colutea
                 minima
                 sive
                 Coronilla
                 Ger.
              
               In
               rupibus
               maritimis
               propè
               turrim
               Castiglione
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               FLORENCE
               .
            
             
               FRom
               Ligorn
               we
               travelled
               through
               Pisa
               to
               Florence
               ,
               
               a
               City
               which
               answers
               its
               name
               and
               epithete
               
                 Fiorenza
                 la
                 bella
                 ,
                 Florence
                 the
                 fair
                 .
              
               Yet
               for
               beauty
               in
               my
               opinion
               it
               must
               give
               place
               to
               Antwerp
               and
               some
               other
               Cities
               in
               the
               
                 Low
                 Countreys
              
               ,
               only
               it
               excells
               them
               in
               multitude
               of
               large
               stone-palaces
               ,
               scattered
               up
               and
               down
               the
               streets
               ,
               sch
               as
               are
               those
               of
               the
               
                 Grand
                 Duke
              
               both
               the
               old
               and
               the
               new
               called
               the
               
                 Palazzo
                 de
                 Pitti
              
               ,
               because
               purchased
               of
               them
               ;
               of
               the
               Strozzi
               ,
               the
               
                 Salviati
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
               Many
               of
               the
               streets
               are
               streight
               ,
               which
               adds
               no
               little
               to
               the
               beauty
               of
               them
               .
               They
               are
               all
               paved
               with
               great
               broad
               stones
               ,
               like
               Luca
               or
               Collen
               in
               Germany
               :
               yet
               but
               narrow
               as
               in
               many
               other
               Towns
               of
               Italy
               and
               
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensis
              
               to
               keep
               off
               the
               scorching
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               in
               summer
               time
               ,
               which
               reflected
               from
               these
               broad
               stones
               would
               else
               make
               them
               more
               than
               sufficiently
               hot
               .
               The
               Paper-windows
               and
               they
               too
               for
               the
               most
               part
               broken
               and
               tattered
               ,
               do
               very
               much
               disgrace
               the
               fair
               stone-houses
               .
               The
               River
               Arno
               divides
               this
               City
               into
               two
               parts
               ,
               which
               are
               joyned
               together
               by
               4
               fair
               stone-bridges
               ;
               one
               of
               which
               ,
               called
               
                 Ponte
                 vecchio
              
               or
               the
               old
               bridge
               ,
               hath
               on
               each
               side
               it
               a
               row
               of
               Goldsmiths-shops
               .
               All
               of
               them
               ,
               but
               especially
               the
               two
               middlemost
               ,
               are
               remarkable
               for
               the
               breadth
               and
               flatness
               of
               their
               arches
               .
               The
               circuit
               of
               the
               walls
               is
               said
               to
               be
               6
               Italian
               miles
               :
               but
               therein
               is
               comprehended
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               wast
               ground
               ,
               [
               I
               mean
               not
               filled
               up
               with
               buildings
               ]
               the
               gardens
               and
               walks
               of
               the
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               Palace
               being
               at
               least
               a
               mile
               in
               compass
               ;
               besides
               
               on
               the
               other
               side
               the
               River
               are
               some
               hundreds
               of
               acres
               of
               land
               taken
               up
               in
               vineyards
               and
               gardens
               belonging
               to
               private
               persons
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Parishes
               taking
               in
               the
               12
               Priorates
               is
               44
               ,
               the
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               according
               to
               Schottus
               85000
               souls
               ,
               and
               I
               believe
               he
               exceeds
               in
               his
               account
               ,
               though
               some
               make
               them
               90000
               ,
               and
               other
               100000.
               
               There
               are
               an
               incredible
               number
               of
               Nunneries
               :
               Schottus
               saith
               54
               ;
               we
               were
               told
               56
               ,
               whereas
               there
               are
               but
               24
               Monasteries
               of
               Freres
               .
               But
               that
               which
               is
               most
               strange
               is
               the
               multitude
               of
               Hospitals
               and
               Alms
               houses
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               are
               said
               to
               be
               37
               :
               one
               of
               which
               ,
               viz.
               the
               Orphanotrophium
               maintains
               900
               persos
               ,
               and
               hath
               70000
               crowns
               yearly
               revenue
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               is
               of
               no
               great
               strength
               ,
               being
               encompassed
               only
               with
               an
               old-fashioned
               wall
               :
               but
               the
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               hath
               3
               Castles
               or
               Cittadels
               in
               it
               ,
               I
               think
               rather
               to
               bridle
               then
               defend
               it
               ;
               one
               on
               the
               South-side
               ,
               held
               by
               a
               good
               Garrison
               ,
               neatly
               kept
               and
               diligently
               watcht
               ,
               wherein
               are
               laid
               up
               Arms
               for
               30000
               men
               .
               Another
               is
               a
               small
               Fortress
               in
               lthe
               
                 Gr.
                 Dukes
              
               garden
               ,
               to
               which
               he
               may
               retire
               in
               case
               of
               any
               suddain
               danger
               or
               exigent
               :
               heer
               they
               say
               his
               treasure
               or
               a
               good
               part
               of
               it
               is
               kept
               .
               The
               third
               we
               viewed
               not
               .
            
             
               The
               Churches
               in
               Florence
               though
               they
               be
               not
               so
               richly
               gilded
               as
               some
               we
               have
               seen
               ,
               
               yet
               for
               their
               Architecture
               they
               excel
               most
               ,
               especially
               the
               Domo
               ,
               or
               Church
               of
               
                 S.
                 Maria
                 Florida
              
               ,
               which
               is
               some
               mens
               opinion
               is
               the
               compleatest
               structure
               that
               ever
               was
               set
               upon
               the
               earth
               .
               The
               pilasters
               the
               support
               the
               nave
               or
               body
               of
               the
               Church
               stand
               at
               so
               great
               a
               distance
               ,
               and
               are
               withal
               so
               very
               slender
               ,
               that
               they
               do
               not
               obscure
               the
               Isles
               ,
               but
               at
               one
               view
               you
               enjoy
               the
               whole
               Church
               .
               Besides
               the
               Cupola
               ,
               though
               the
               first
               and
               pattern
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               ,
               is
               the
               largest
               and
               tallest
               of
               any
               in
               Italy
               ,
               excepting
               that
               of
               S.
               Peters
               in
               Rome
               :
               under
               which
               is
               the
               Quire
               ,
               of
               an
               octagonal
               figure
               .
               The
               
               walls
               of
               this
               Church
               are
               crusted
               over
               on
               the
               out-side
               with
               marble
               of
               several
               colours
               ,
               cut
               into
               small
               pieces
               and
               variously
               checquer'd
               ;
               which
               though
               the
               Italians
               now
               despise
               and
               count
               but
               a
               toy
               ,
               yet
               makes
               a
               pretty
               gaudy
               shew
               .
               Within
               this
               Church
               beyond
               the
               Quire
               are
               4
               inscriptions
               ;
               one
               concerns
               the
               building
               to
               the
               Church
               ,
               and
               is
               as
               follows
               .
            
             
               Anno
               à
               Christiorts
               1280
               Florentini
               magnis
               divitiis
               partis
               ,
               
               &
               rebus
               domi
               forisque
               commodè
               constitutis
               
               cum
               urbem
               moenibus
               auxissent
               ,
               pulcherrimisque
               aedificiis
               publicè
               decorâssent
               ,
               ut
               Rem
               Divinam
               quoque
               optimè
               ordinarent
               ,
               &
               posteris
               insignis
               magnisicentiae
               ac
               Religionis
               suae
               exemplum
               proderent
               ,
               hoc
               angustissimum
               templum
               in
               Dei
               honorem
               ejúsque
               matris
               semper
               Virginis
               Mariae
               instituerunt
               ,
               &
               Pontisicio
               Legato
               Cardinale
               praesento
               ,
               primùmque
               lapidem
               ponente
               summa
               cum
               omnium
               laetitia
               ac
               devotione
               inchoârunt
               
                 VI.
                 Id.
                 Septembris
              
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               concerns
               the
               Dedication
               or
               Consecration
               of
               this
               Church
               by
               Pope
               Eugenius
               IV
               ,
               and
               runs
               thus
               .
            
             
               
               Ob
               insignem
               magnificentiam
               Civitatis
               &
               Templi
               Eugenius
               PP
               .
               IIII
               omni
               solennitate
               adhibita
               dedicavit
               25
               Martii
               1436.
               
               Cujus
               dedicationis
               gratiâ
               Pons
               ligneus
               insigni
               magnificentiâ
               &
               ornatu
               factus
               est
               ab
               Ecclesia
               Sanctae
               Mariae
               Novellae
               ubi
               PP
               .
               inhabitabat
               usque
               ad
               hanc
               Ecclesiam
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               third
               concerns
               the
               union
               of
               the
               Greek
               and
               Roman
               Churches
               in
               these
               words
               .
            
             
               
               Ad
               perpetuam
               rei
               memoriam
               ;
               Generali
               Concilio
               Florentiae
               celebrato
               pòst
               longas
               disputationes
               unio
               Graecorum
               facta
               est
               in
               hac
               ipsa
               Eoclesia
               ,
               Die
               6
               Julii
               1438.
               
               Praesidente
               eidem
               Concilio
               
               Eugenio
               Papa
               IV
               cum
               Latinis
               Episcopis
               &
               Praelatis
               ,
               &
               Imperatore
               Constantinopolitano
               cum
               Episcopis
               &
               Praelatis
               &
               Proceribus
               Graecorum
               in
               copioso
               numero
               ,
               sublatisque
               erroribus
               in
               unam
               èandémque
               rectam
               fidem
               quam
               Romana
               tenet
               Ecclesia
               consenserunt
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               concerns
               the
               translation
               or
               removal
               of
               
               the
               body
               of
               Zenobius
               from
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               Laurence
               hither
               by
               Arch-bishop
               Andreas
               his
               successor
               .
            
             
               Some
               Monuments
               also
               I
               observed
               in
               this
               Church
               ;
               the
               Inscriptions
               whereof
               they
               being
               of
               considerable
               persons
               it
               may
               not
               be
               amiss
               heer
               to
               set
               down
               .
               Of
               
                 Marsilus
                 Ficinus
              
               ,
               
                 
                   En
                   hospes
                   !
                   hic
                   est
                   Marsilius
                   Sophiae
                   pater
                   :
                
                 
                   Platonicum
                   qui
                   dogma
                   culpâ
                   temporum
                
                 
                   Situ
                   obrutum
                   illustrans
                   ,
                   &
                   Atticum
                   decus
                
                 
                   Servans
                   ,
                   Latio
                   dedit
                   ;
                   fores
                   primus
                   sacras
                
                 
                   Divinae
                   aperiens
                   mentis
                   ,
                   actus
                   numine
                   .
                
                 
                   Vixit
                   beatus
                   ante
                   Cosmi
                   munere
                
                 
                   Lauríque
                   Medicis
                   ,
                   nunc
                   revixit
                   publico
                   .
                
                 
                   S.
                   P.
                   Q.
                   F.
                   MDXXI
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Of
               Jottus
               a
               good
               Architect
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               reviver
               of
               Painting
               in
               Italy
               ;
               though
               Vassari
               in
               his
               Lives
               of
               Painters
               makes
               Cimabue
               to
               have
               been
               the
               first
               reviver
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               taught
               Giotto
               and
               others
               .
               The
               verses
               of
               his
               Epitaph
               were
               made
               by
               
                 Ang.
                 Politian
              
               ,
               and
               are
               as
               follows
               .
            
             
               
                 Ille
                 ego
                 sum
                 per
                 quem
                 Pictura
                 extincta
                 revixit
                 ;
              
               
                 Cui
                 quàm
                 recta
                 manus
                 tam
                 fuit
                 &
                 facilis
                 .
              
               
                 Naturae
                 deerat
                 nostrae
                 quod
                 defuit
                 arti
                 ;
              
               
                 Plus
                 nulli
                 licuit
                 pingere
                 nec
                 meliús
                 .
              
               
                 Miraris
                 turrim
                 egregiam
                 sacro
                 aere
                 sonantem
                 :
              
               
                 Haec
                 quoque
                 de
                 modulo
                 crevit
                 ad
                 astra
                 meo
                 .
              
               
               
                 Denique
                 sum
                 Jottus
                 ,
                 quid
                 opus
                 fuitista
                 referre
                 ?
              
               
                 Hoc
                 nomen
                 longi
                 carminis
                 instar
                 erit
                 .
              
            
             
               Obiit
               Anno
               1336.
               
               Concives
               posuere
               
                 B.
                 M.
                 1490.
              
               
            
             
               Of
               
                 Philippo
                 Brunelleschi
              
               ,
               a
               famous
               Architect
               ,
               who
               designed
               the
               Cupola
               of
               this
               Church
               ,
               and
               also
               that
               of
               S.
               
               Laurence's
               ,
               
                 D.
                 S.
                 
              
            
             
               Quantum
               Philippus
               Architectus
               arte
               Daedalea
               valuerit
               cùm
               hujus
               celeberrimi
               templi
               mira
               testudo
               ,
               tum
               plures
               machinae
               divino
               ingenio
               ab
               eo
               adinventae
               documento
               esse
               possunt
               .
               Quapropter
               ob
               eximias
               animi
               sui
               dotes
               singularésque
               virtutes
               XV.
               Kal.
               Maias
               1446.
               ejus
               B.
               M.
               corpus
               in
               hac
               humo
               supposita
               grata
               Patria
               sepeliri
               jussit
               .
            
             
               In
               this
               Church
               on
               the
               North
               wall
               is
               the
               picture
               of
               and
               English
               Knight
               on
               horseback
               ;
               
                 Joannes
                 Acutus
              
               they
               write
               him
               ,
               and
               therefore
               some
               think
               that
               his
               name
               was
               Sir
               
                 John
                 Sharp
              
               ;
               I
               encline
               rather
               to
               their
               opinion
               who
               suppose
               his
               name
               to
               have
               been
               Sir
               
                 John
                 Hawkwood
              
               ,
               especially
               seeing
               Guicciardine
               writes
               him
               Aucutus
               and
               not
               Acutus
               .
               Whatever
               his
               name
               were
               he
               was
               a
               valiant
               man
               and
               an
               eminent
               Captain
               .
            
             
               Heer
               is
               also
               a
               painted
               Table
               hung
               up
               in
               memory
               of
               Dante
               ,
               the
               famous
               Italian
               Poet
               ,
               who
               was
               native
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               but
               lived
               in
               exile
               and
               was
               buried
               at
               Ravenna
               .
               On
               the
               frame
               of
               this
               Table
               are
               these
               verses
               inscribed
               ,
               
                 
                   Qui
                   coelum
                   cecinit
                   mediúmque
                   imúmque
                   tribunal
                   ,
                
                 
                   Lustravitque
                   animo
                   cuncta
                   poeta
                   suo
                   ,
                
                 
                   Doctus
                   adest
                   Dante
                   's
                   ,
                   sua
                   quem
                   Florentia
                   saepe
                
                 
                   Sensit
                   consiliis
                   ac
                   pietate
                   patrem
                   .
                
                 
                   Nil
                   potuit
                   tanto
                   mors
                   saeva
                   nocere
                   poetae
                   ,
                
                 
                   Quem
                   vivum
                   virtus
                   ,
                   carmen
                   ,
                   imago
                   facit
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               In
               the
               Church
               of
               
                 Santa
                 Croce
              
               is
               the
               Monument
               of
               
                 Michael
                 Angelo
                 Buonarota
              
               ,
               
               the
               famous
               Architect
               ,
               Sculptor
               and
               Painter
               .
               Above
               stands
               his
               Effigies
               ;
               under
               that
               is
               a
               Coffin
               ,
               and
               under
               the
               Coffin
               three
               Statues
               sitting
               of
               rare
               workmanship
               ,
               worth
               their
               weight
               in
               silver
               ,
               which
               signifie
               Painting
               ,
               Sculpture
               ,
               and
               Architecture
               .
               Below
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               
                 
                   Michaeli
                   Angelo
                   Bonarotio
                   ,
                
                 
                   E
                   vetusta
                   Simoniorum
                   familia
                   ,
                
                 
                   Sculptori
                   ,
                   Pictori
                   &
                   Architecto
                   ,
                
                 
                   Famâ
                   omnibus
                   notissimo
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Leonardus
               patruo
               amantissimo
               &
               de
               se
               optimè
               merito
               translatis
               Româ
               ejus
               ossibus
               ,
               atque
               in
               hoc
               templo
               Major
               .
               suor
               .
               Sepulchro
               conditis
               ,
               cohortante
               Sereniss
               .
               Cosmo
               Med.
               Magno
               Etruriae
               Duce
               P.
               C.
               
                 Anno
                 Sal.
                 MDLXX
              
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Church
               of
               the
               Annunciata
               besides
               several
               others
               is
               the
               Monument
               of
               
                 John
                 Bologna
              
               ,
               
               a
               man
               well
               known
               in
               Italy
               .
               It
               stands
               in
               a
               Chappel
               behind
               the
               Quire
               built
               by
               himself
               ,
               and
               is
               thus
               infcribed
               ,
               
                 Johannes
                 Bologna
                 Belga
                 ,
                 Mediceorum
                 PP
                 um
                 nobilis
                 alumnus
                 ,
                 Picturâ
                 ,
                 Sculpturâ
                 &
                 Architecturâ
                 clarus
                 ,
                 virtute
                 notus
                 ,
                 moribus
                 &
                 Pietate
                 insignis
                 Sacellum
                 Deo
                 ,
                 Sep.
                 sibi
                 cunctisque
                 Belgis
                 earundem
                 artium
                 cultoribus
                 P.
                 
                   An.
                   Dom.
                   MDIC
                
              
            
             
               In
               the
               Church
               of
               
                 S.
                 Mark
              
               is
               a
               small
               monument
               for
               a
               great
               person
               ,
               
               
                 viz.
                 Joannes
                 Picus
                 Mirandulanus
              
               ,
               with
               this
               Inscription
               ,
               
                 
                   Johannes
                   jacet
                   hîc
                   Mirandula
                   ,
                   caetera
                   norunt
                
                 
                   Et
                   Tagus
                   &
                   Ganges
                   ,
                   forsan
                   &
                   Antipodes
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Ob.
               An.
               Sal.
               
                 MCCCCLXXXXIIII
                 ,
                 vixit
                 An.
                 XXXII
              
               .
            
             
               Hieronymus
               Benivenius
               ,
               n●
               disjunctus
               post
               mortem
               
               locus
               ossa
               separet
               quorum
               animos
               in
               vita
               conjunxit
               amor
               ,
               hac
               humo
               supposita
               poni
               curavit
               .
               
                 Ob.
                 An.
                 MDXXXXII
                 .
                 vixit
                 An.
                 LXXXIX
                 .
                 Men.
                 VI.
                 
              
            
             
               In
               the
               Cloyster
               of
               S.
               Laurence
               by
               the
               Church
               door
               is
               the
               Monument
               of
               
                 Paulus
                 Jovius
              
               thus
               inscribed
               ,
               
                 
                   Paulo
                   Jovio
                   Novocomensi
                   Episc
                   .
                   Nucerino
                
                 
                   Historiarum
                   sui
                   temporis
                   Seriptori
                
                 
                   Sepulchrum
                   quod
                   sibi
                   testameto
                   decreverat
                
                 
                   Posteri
                   ejus
                   integra
                   fide
                   posuerunt
                   ;
                
                 
                   Indulgentia
                   maximorum
                   optimorúmque
                   Cosmi
                
                 
                   Et
                   Francisci
                   Etruriae
                   Ducum
                   .
                
                 
                   Anno
                   MDLXXIIII
                   .
                
              
            
             
               In
               the
               Baptisterium
               or
               Church
               of
               S.
               John
               ,
               supposed
               to
               have
               been
               anciently
               a
               temple
               of
               Mars
               ;
               of
               an
               octagonal
               figure
               ,
               and
               having
               three
               pair
               of
               brass
               doors
               artificially
               cast
               or
               engraven
               with
               curious
               figures
               in
               
                 mezo
                 relievo
              
               ,
               is
               a
               fair
               monument
               of
               Pope
               John
               23
               ,
               who
               was
               deposed
               In
               the
               Council
               of
               Constance
               ,
               with
               this
               Inscription
               .
            
             
               Joannes
               quondam
               Papa
               XXIII
               us
               obiit
               Florentiae
               Anno
               Domini
               
                 MCCCCXVIIII
                 .
                 XI
              
               Kalendas
               Januarii
               .
            
             
               in
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               Laurence
               are
               interred
               several
               of
               the
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               family
               .
               
               And
               to
               this
               Church
               belongs
               the
               famous
               Chappel
               of
               S.
               Lorenzo
               ;
               built
               by
               the
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               ,
               which
               when
               finished
               is
               like
               to
               be
               for
               its
               bigness
               the
               most
               sumptuous
               ,
               rich
               and
               magnific
               structure
               in
               the
               world
               .
               This
               Chappel
               is
               of
               an
               octagonal
               figure
               ,
               and
               the
               roof
               of
               it
               a
               large
               Cupola
               .
               The
               inside
               of
               it
               is
               encrusted
               over
               with
               several
               sorts
               of
               precious
               stones
               I
               may
               call
               them
               ,
               for
               they
               are
               all
               above
               the
               rate
               of
               marble
               ,
               viz.
               Jasper
               of
               several
               kinds
               and
               colours
               ,
               Agate
               ,
               
                 Lapis
                 Lazuli
              
               ,
               Touchstone
               ,
               &c.
               all
               polisht
               and
               respleudent
               ,
               inlaid
               and
               wrought
               into
               
               various
               figures
               .
               Of
               this
               octagon
               one
               side
               is
               left
               void
               for
               the
               high
               Altar
               ,
               for
               which
               there
               is
               a
               sumptuous
               tabernacle
               preparing
               ,
               that
               now
               stands
               in
               the
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               Gallery
               .
               The
               side
               opposite
               to
               the
               Altar
               is
               for
               the
               door
               .
               On
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               sides
               are
               to
               be
               placed
               Statues
               and
               Monuments
               for
               such
               as
               have
               been
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               .
               The
               first
               ,
               beginning
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               as
               you
               enter
               in
               ,
               intended
               (
               as
               we
               conjectured
               )
               for
               Alexander
               who
               was
               only
               Duke
               of
               Florence
               ,
               is
               not
               yet
               made
               up
               .
               The
               rest
               have
               on
               the
               top
               the
               names
               ,
               and
               underneath
               in
               a
               nich
               the
               Effigies
               of
               the
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               ,
               some
               in
               stone
               and
               some
               in
               brass
               ,
               under
               that
               a
               Coffin
               or
               Cushion
               with
               a
               Ducal
               Crown
               lying
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               nethermost
               an
               Inscription
               in
               this
               order
               ,
               
                 
                   Franciscus
                   Mag.
                   Dux
                   Etruriae
                   II
                   ,
                   vixit
                
                 
                   ann
                   .
                   XLVI
                   .
                   ob
                   XIX
                   Octob.
                   MDLXXXVII
                   .
                
                 
                   Cosmus
                   Mag.
                   Dux
                   Etr.
                   I
                   ,
                   vixit
                   ann
                   .
                   LV.
                
                 
                   ob
                   .
                   XI
                   Kal.
                   Maii
                   MDLXXIIIV
                   .
                
                 
                   Ferdinandus
                   Mag.
                   Dux
                   Etr.
                   III.
                   vixit
                   ann
                   .
                
                 
                   LX.
                   ob
                   VII
                   Id.
                   Febr.
                   MDCIX
                   .
                
                 
                   Cosmus
                   Magn.
                   Dux
                   Etr.
                   IV.
                   vixit
                   .
                   ann
                   .
                
                 
                   XXX
                   .
                   obiit
                   XXVIII
                   Febr.
                   MDCXX
                   .
                
              
            
             
               So
               there
               is
               one
               side
               more
               remaining
               for
               Ferdinand
               II
               ,
               the
               V.
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               ,
               who
               is
               dead
               since
               our
               being
               there
               ;
               the
               present
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               name
               being
               Cosmus
               III.
               
            
             
               Between
               the
               Monuments
               of
               Duke
               and
               Duke
               are
               the
               arms
               of
               two
               of
               the
               Cities
               subject
               to
               the
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               ,
               the
               names
               whereof
               are
               these
               ,
               
                 Monte
                 Pulciano
                 ,
                 Borgo
                 San
                 Sepolchro
                 ,
                 Cortona
                 ,
                 Volterra
                 ,
                 Arezzo
                 ,
                 Pistoia
                 ,
                 Pisa
                 ,
                 Florence
                 ,
                 Fiesole
                 ,
                 Siena
                 ,
                 Grossetto
                 ,
                 Massa
                 ,
                 Montalce
                 ,
                 Suana
                 ,
                 Chiusa
                 ,
                 Pientia
                 ,
              
               all
               Episcopal
               Seas
               :
               besides
               which
               in
               Tuscany
               are
               many
               considerable
               Towns
               ,
               Castles
               ,
               and
               Fortresses
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               enlarge
               no
               further
               concerning
               the
               Churches
               ,
               Towers
               ,
               Pillars
               ,
               Fountains
               ,
               Statues
               of
               brass
               and
               stone
               ,
               
               and
               picturés
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               are
               a
               great
               number
               in
               this
               City
               and
               of
               excellent
               workmanship
               :
               only
               I
               cannot
               omit
               to
               mention
               two
               
                 Statuae
                 equestres
              
               in
               brass
               ,
               much
               greater
               than
               the
               life
               ;
               one
               of
               Cosmus
               I
               ,
               upon
               the
               great
               Piazza
               :
               the
               other
               of
               Ferdinand
               I
               ,
               in
               the
               Piazza
               of
               the
               Annunciata
               ,
               erected
               by
               Ferdinand
               II.
               
            
             
               The
               
                 Great
                 Dukes
              
               Gallery
               is
               in
               the
               old
               Palace
               ,
               
               a
               handsome
               pile
               of
               building
               .
               Under
               ground
               as
               it
               were
               in
               Cellars
               are
               the
               Stables
               :
               above
               them
               fair
               Portico's
               or
               Cloysters
               to
               walk
               in
               .
               Above
               the
               Portico's
               are
               shops
               for
               all
               manner
               of
               Artificers
               to
               work
               in
               for
               the
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               .
               The
               uppermost
               story
               is
               the
               Gallery
               properly
               so
               called
               ;
               where
               in
               an
               open
               walk
               free
               for
               any
               man
               to
               come
               into
               stand
               many
               ancient
               and
               some
               also
               modern
               Statues
               .
               Round
               about
               on
               each
               side
               this
               walk
               hang
               the
               pictures
               of
               many
               Princes
               and
               other
               persons
               ,
               who
               have
               been
               famous
               in
               the
               world
               for
               learning
               or
               valour
               .
               Among
               the
               rest
               we
               noted
               the
               Pictures
               of
               
                 Queen
                 Elizabeth
                 ,
                 King
                 James
                 ,
                 Oliver
                 Cromwel
              
               and
               
                 Joannes
                 Acutus
              
               before
               remembred
               .
            
             
               The
               chief
               Rarities
               are
               lockt
               up
               in
               Closets
               of
               which
               we
               saw
               four
               .
               The
               things
               which
               in
               our
               transient
               view
               we
               took
               more
               especial
               notice
               of
               were
               ,
               a
               huge
               terrestrial
               globe
               and
               a
               
                 Sphaera
                 armillaris
              
               ,
               bigger
               then
               that
               .
               A
               brancht
               Candlestick
               including
               many
               little
               figures
               of
               ivory
               or
               white
               wax
               appearing
               through
               the
               transparent
               Amber
               :
               An
               Engine
               counterfeiting
               a
               perpetual
               motion
               ,
               like
               those
               of
               Septalius
               at
               Milan
               .
               Seveal
               stone-tables
               so
               curiously
               inlaid
               with
               small
               pieces
               of
               precious
               stones
               of
               divers
               colours
               ,
               as
               to
               compose
               figures
               of
               plants
               ,
               fruits
               and
               flowers
               ,
               birds
               ,
               beasts
               ,
               and
               insects
               ,
               so
               natural
               and
               to
               the
               life
               ,
               that
               scarce
               any
               picture
               drawn
               by
               the
               hand
               can
               excel
               them
               .
               One
               of
               these
               ,
               the
               best
               and
               richest
               that
               we
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               ,
               both
               for
               the
               excellency
               of
               the
               workmanship
               ,
               and
               costliness
               of
               the
               materials
               ,
               being
               set
               with
               many
               Rubines
               and
               Pearl
               ,
               they
               valued
               at
               100000
               
               
                 Florence
                 Scudi
              
               ,
               which
               is
               more
               than
               so
               many
               English
               crowns
               ,
               Several
               rich
               Cabinets
               .
               That
               of
               the
               greatest
               value
               ,
               which
               they
               rated
               at
               500000
               Scudi
               ,
               was
               thick
               set
               with
               Gems
               of
               the
               first
               magnitude
               ;
               a
               pearl
               of
               an
               enormous
               greatness
               ,
               but
               not
               perfectly
               round
               ;
               several
               Topazes
               almost
               as
               big
               as
               Walnuts
               ,
               large
               Rubines
               and
               Emeralds
               ,
               besides
               other
               stones
               of
               inferiour
               note
               ,
               studs
               of
               Amethyst
               ,
               &c.
               
               Heer
               we
               also
               saw
               the
               nail
               pretended
               to
               be
               one
               continued
               body
               ,
               half
               iron
               ,
               half
               gold
               ,
               part
               of
               the
               iron
               having
               been
               turned
               into
               gold
               by
               one
               Thurnhausserus
               an
               Alchymist
               of
               Basil
               before
               mentioned
               .
               To
               us
               it
               seem'd
               counterfeit
               and
               not
               neatly
               neither
               ,
               the
               iron
               and
               the
               gold
               being
               but
               bunglingly
               joyned
               together
               .
               A
               large
               topaz
               as
               big
               as
               a
               pullets
               egg
               .
               An
               entire
               image
               made
               of
               one
               Turchois
               stone
               :
               Many
               ancient
               Roman
               idols
               of
               brass
               ;
               old
               Roamn
               lamps
               found
               in
               Sepulchres
               of
               several
               fashions
               :
               A
               press
               full
               of
               turn'd
               work
               of
               ivory
               very
               fine
               and
               subtil
               :
               Rhinocerots
               horns
               ,
               &c.
               
               I
               omit
               several
               pictures
               and
               statues
               wherewith
               the
               rooms
               were
               adorned
               ,
               made
               by
               the
               best
               Masters
               ,
               and
               much
               esteemed
               by
               those
               that
               have
               judgment
               in
               such
               things
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Armory
               we
               saw
               several
               remarkables
               ,
               
               as
               the
               Armour
               of
               many
               great
               persons
               of
               Europe
               ,
               among
               others
               of
               Henry
               IV
               King
               of
               France
               and
               (
               harles
               V
               Emperour
               :
               
               Hannibal's
               head-piece
               (
               as
               they
               called
               it
               )
               It
               had
               engraven
               on
               it
               many
               ancient
               Morcsco
               characters
               :
               A
               suit
               of
               Persian
               Armour
               for
               a
               man
               on
               horseback
               ;
               made
               of
               little
               scales
               of
               iron
               .
               A
               Loadstone
               having
               its
               poles
               at
               the
               greatest
               distance
               I
               ever
               saw
               any
               :
               Several
               Indian
               Royal
               Vests
               ,
               made
               of
               Feathers
               .
               Five
               great
               Swords
               such
               as
               the
               Pope
               uses
               to
               bless
               on
               Christmas
               day
               ,
               and
               send
               to
               Princes
               .
               A
               King
               of
               
               China's
               Armour
               made
               of
               Fish-bones
               ,
               and
               a
               wooden
               Sword.
               This
               sure
               they
               mistook
               for
               an
               Indian
               King's
               ,
               the
               Chinese
               having
               of
               a
               long
               time
               had
               the
               use
               both
               of
               iron
               and
               guns
               :
               Japan
               Arms
               and
               Swords
               without
               point
               and
               broad
               at
               the
               top
               .
               Divers
               Turkish
               
               scymitars
               ;
               
               Scanderbeg's
               Sword
               :
               The
               hair
               of
               a
               horses
               mane
               7
               yards
               in
               length
               ;
               the
               skin
               of
               this
               horse
               stuft
               up
               ,
               sent
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Lorain
               :
               several
               conceited
               guns
               :
               Pistols
               on
               whose
               muzzles
               were
               screw'd
               heads
               of
               Halberds
               ,
               or
               Pole-axes
               .
               Nine
               Pistol-barrels
               so
               laid
               on
               a
               frame
               ,
               that
               by
               letting
               down
               one
               cock
               they
               were
               all
               discharged
               ,
               making
               18
               shot
               ,
               for
               each
               is
               double
               charged
               ,
               and
               a
               train
               of
               powder
               leads
               from
               the
               touch-hole
               of
               the
               middlemost
               to
               the
               touch-holes
               of
               all
               the
               rest
               in
               channels
               made
               for
               that
               purpose
               .
               An
               Engine
               made
               like
               a
               hat
               ;
               with
               several
               pistols
               in
               the
               crown
               ;
               this
               they
               called
               the
               
                 bona
                 notte
              
               ,
               being
               to
               be
               discharged
               upon
               your
               enemy
               when
               you
               complement
               him
               and
               bid
               him
               good-night
               :
               A
               long
               gun
               and
               also
               a
               pistol
               whose
               barrels
               are
               of
               beaten
               gold
               .
               Several
               round
               bucklers
               ,
               one
               with
               Medusa's
               head
               painted
               upon
               it
               by
               
                 Michael
                 Angelo
              
               ,
               an
               highly
               estèemed
               piece
               .
               Italian
               Jocks
               for
               suspected
               wives
               :
               Ancient
               Balistae
               (
               as
               they
               called
               them
               )
               which
               are
               no
               other
               then
               great
               Cross-bows
               .
               A
               thong
               cut
               out
               of
               the
               hide
               of
               a
               Buffle
               ,
               250
               yards
               long
               .
               A
               press
               full
               of
               rich
               prizes
               of
               Arms
               taken
               from
               the
               Turks
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Argenteria
               or
               Wardrobe
               we
               saw
               several
               presses
               or
               Cup-boards
               [
               12
               in
               number
               ]
               full
               of
               rich
               plate
               .
               
               In
               one
               all
               manner
               of
               vessels
               of
               beaten
               gold
               .
               In
               another
               a
               sumptuous
               Altar
               of
               the
               same
               metal
               (
               as
               they
               told
               us
               )
               set
               with
               Diamonds
               and
               other
               precious
               stones
               of
               the
               highest
               value
               .
               On
               it
               was
               inscribed
               in
               great
               Capitals
               (
               the
               letters
               all
               made
               up
               of
               Rubines
               )
               
                 Cosmus
                 II
                 ,
                 Dei
                 gratia
                 magnus
                 Dux
                 Etruriae
                 ex
                 voto
                 .
              
            
             
               In
               some
               by-rooms
               we
               saw
               the
               skin
               of
               a
               Morsse
               or
               Sea-horse
               stuft
               ;
               the
               skin
               of
               an
               Elk
               s
               the
               skin
               and
               Sceleton
               of
               an
               Elephant
               ,
               which
               was
               shown
               in
               Florence
               some
               8
               or
               10
               years
               ago
               ,
               and
               died
               there
               .
            
             
               I
               might
               spend
               many
               words
               in
               describing
               the
               
                 Gr.
                 Dukes
              
               new
               Palace
               ,
               and
               Gardens
               stored
               with
               great
               variety
               of
               trees
               and
               shrubs
               valuable
               for
               shade
               ,
               beauty
               ,
               fruit
               or
               sent
               ;
               adorned
               with
               a
               multitude
               of
               Statues
               
               thick
               set
               up
               and
               down
               the
               walks
               and
               knots
               :
               pleasant
               fountains
               and
               water-works
               ;
               stately
               and
               delicious
               walks
               both
               close
               and
               open
               ;
               goodly
               flowers
               aud
               choice
               plants
               .
               We
               took
               notice
               of
               Dictamnus
               Creticus
               ,
               Quamoclit
               Indorum
               ;
               Tragoriganum
               ;
               Stramonium
               peregrinum
               
                 Ger.
                 i.
                 e.
              
               pomo
               spinoso
               rotundo
               ;
               Pisum
               cordatum
               ,
               Balsamina
               cucumerina
               ,
               Chamaerrhiphes
               ,
               &c.
               
               Heer
               in
               an
               enclosed
               place
               were
               kept
               two
               male
               Ostriches
               and
               one
               female
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               Dukes
               Theriotrophium
               we
               observed
               these
               sorts
               of
               wild
               beasts
               ,
               
                 Lion
                 ,
                 Tiger
                 ,
                 Leopard
                 ,
                 Bear
                 ,
                 Wolf
                 ,
                 Porcupine
                 ,
                 Wild
                 Boar.
              
               The
               snout
               of
               this
               was
               longer
               in
               proportion
               than
               that
               of
               tame
               or
               domestic
               Swine
               :
               the
               ears
               rounder
               and
               shorter
               and
               of
               a
               black
               colour
               ,
               as
               were
               also
               the
               feet
               and
               tail
               .
               These
               wild
               Swine
               are
               constantly
               of
               the
               same
               colour
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               grisly
               or
               iron-grey
               .
               It
               s
               worth
               the
               observation
               that
               most
               wild
               Animals
               keep
               to
               the
               same
               colour
               both
               Beasts
               and
               Birds
               ;
               but
               those
               that
               are
               kept
               tame
               vary
               infinitely
               ,
               which
               is
               (
               I
               suppose
               )
               to
               be
               attributed
               partly
               to
               the
               variety
               of
               their
               food
               ,
               and
               partly
               to
               the
               highness
               of
               their
               feeding
               ;
               to
               which
               the
               difference
               of
               the
               Climate
               and
               Soil
               may
               contribute
               something
               .
               So
               we
               see
               that
               upon
               the
               Alps
               and
               other
               high
               mountains
               covered
               for
               the
               most
               part
               with
               snow
               ,
               several
               animals
               ,
               as
               
                 Bears
                 ,
                 Foxes
                 ,
                 Hares
                 ,
                 Partridges
                 ,
              
               &c.
               change
               their
               natural
               colours
               ,
               and
               become
               white
               ,
               whether
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               coldness
               of
               those
               mountains
               ,
               or
               of
               the
               constant
               intuition
               of
               snow
               .
            
             
               In
               Florence
               many
               of
               the
               Palaces
               are
               made
               of
               great
               ,
               rough-hewn
               stones
               ,
               not
               laid
               smooth
               ,
               but
               each
               protuberating
               above
               the
               supersicies
               of
               the
               wall
               :
               which
               fashion
               of
               building
               the
               Italians
               call
               
                 maniera
                 rustica
              
               .
            
             
               This
               City
               at
               present
               is
               rather
               in
               a
               decaying
               than
               thriving
               condition
               ,
               there
               having
               not
               been
               (
               as
               we
               were
               credibly-informed
               )
               a
               new
               house
               built
               there
               these
               40
               years
               :
               the
               Citizens
               generally
               being
               but
               poor
               .
               This
               comes
               to
               pass
               partly
               by
               the
               great
               decay
               
               of
               their
               trade
               ;
               for
               whereas
               formerly
               they
               served
               France
               with
               Silks
               ,
               now
               the
               French
               themselves
               work
               them
               as
               well
               or
               better
               than
               they
               ;
               partly
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               great
               exactions
               of
               the
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               ,
               who
               lays
               immoderate
               gabels
               upon
               all
               commodities
               that
               are
               bought
               and
               sold
               .
               The
               greatest
               Foreign
               trade
               they
               have
               at
               present
               is
               with
               our
               nation
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               not
               much
               ,
               we
               having
               most
               of
               our
               Silk
               from
               
                 Messina
                 ,
                 Aleppo
              
               ,
               and
               other
               places
               in
               the
               Levant
               and
               working
               it
               at
               home
               .
               This
               City
               is
               well
               situate
               in
               a
               good
               air
               ,
               only
               somewhat
               sharp
               in
               winter
               time
               ;
               the
               Inhabitants
               are
               ingenious
               and
               quick-witted
               .
               It
               hath
               bred
               more
               excellent
               Painters
               ,
               Sculptors
               and
               Architects
               then
               any
               one
               City
               in
               Italy
               besides
               :
               and
               for
               Scholars
               and
               great
               wits
               it
               may
               vie
               with
               most
               .
            
             
               It
               's
               the
               fashion
               heer
               for
               Gentlemen
               to
               sell
               their
               own
               wine
               by
               retail
               .
               Yet
               no
               body
               goes
               into
               the
               palace
               to
               drink
               ;
               but
               there
               is
               a
               hole
               made
               in
               the
               Cellar
               or
               Buttery-wall
               ,
               to
               give
               in
               and
               take
               out
               flasks
               or
               other
               vessels
               ;
               and
               there
               is
               a
               servant
               attending
               for
               the
               most
               part
               so
               long
               as
               there
               is
               wine
               to
               sell
               .
               At
               the
               palace
               gate
               or
               wall
               they
               usually
               hang
               up
               the
               hackles
               of
               old
               flasks
               to
               give
               notice
               that
               there
               is
               wine
               to
               be
               sold
               there
               .
            
             
               The
               Gentlemen
               think
               it
               a
               disparagement
               to
               them
               to
               practise
               Physic
               ;
               so
               that
               none
               of
               them
               bring
               up
               their
               children
               to
               the
               study
               of
               medicine
               ;
               but
               they
               think
               it
               no
               disparagement
               to
               exercise
               merchandise
               ;
               and
               for
               this
               they
               have
               the
               example
               of
               the
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               himself
               ,
               who
               is
               the
               greatest
               Merchant
               in
               Europe
               ;
               nay
               Leti
               saith
               ,
               That
               it
               is
               reported
               ,
               he
               trades
               for
               more
               then
               all
               the
               Merchants
               in
               Genoa
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Great
                 Duke
              
               is
               both
               heer
               and
               in
               all
               his
               dominions
               supreme
               and
               absolute
               Lord
               ,
               and
               may
               
                 pro
                 arbitrio
              
               impose
               what
               taxes
               and
               gabels
               he
               pleases
               ;
               and
               therein
               he
               is
               not
               sparing
               .
               Every
               house
               pays
               to
               him
               the
               tenth
               of
               its
               yearly
               rent
               .
               No
               house
               or
               land
               sold
               but
               a
               good
               part
               of
               the
               price
               (
               at
               least
               one
               tenth
               )
               goes
               
               to
               him
               .
               No
               woman
               married
               but
               he
               hath
               8
               
                 per
                 cent
              
               .
               of
               her
               portion
               .
               Every
               one
               that
               goes
               to
               Law
               pays
               2
               
                 per
                 cent
              
               .
               of
               what
               he
               fues
               for
               .
               Every
               young
               Heifer
               that
               is
               sold
               pays
               a
               crown
               ;
               Not
               so
               much
               as
               a
               basket
               of
               eggs
               comes
               to
               market
               but
               it
               pays
               somewhat
               for
               toll
               .
               So
               that
               his
               Revenue
               must
               needs
               be
               great
               :
               some
               say
               a
               million
               and
               half
               ,
               others
               two
               millions
               of
               crowns
               yearly
               .
               His
               expences
               amount
               not
               to
               one
               million
               ;
               and
               consequently
               ,
               considering
               also
               the
               income
               of
               his
               trading
               ,
               he
               must
               needs
               have
               an
               immense
               treasure
               ;
               by
               Leti's
               reckoning
               more
               then
               60
               millions
               of
               crowns
               :
               but
               it
               s
               well
               if
               it
               amounts
               to
               half
               that
               sum
               .
               And
               though
               some
               at
               Florence
               would
               have
               perswaded
               us
               that
               the
               world
               was
               mistaken
               in
               this
               opinion
               of
               his
               great
               riches
               ,
               yet
               we
               sew
               good
               reason
               to
               continue
               in
               that
               belief
               ;
               he
               using
               all
               ways
               of
               thrift
               and
               sparing
               as
               well
               as
               getting
               ;
               keeping
               no
               house
               but
               allowing
               his
               servants
               board-wages
               ,
               and
               being
               at
               a
               set
               rate
               with
               his
               Cook
               ,
               and
               his
               Baker
               ,
               who
               for
               the
               monopoly
               of
               fine
               bread
               (
               
                 Pane
                 di
                 bocca
              
               they
               call
               it
               )
               furnishes
               his
               private
               table
               ,
               and
               pays
               1000
               
                 Scudi
                 per
                 annum
              
               besides
               .
               Moreover
               it
               was
               a
               maxime
               with
               him
               ,
               that
               a
               good
               treasure
               of
               mony
               is
               the
               greatest
               strength
               and
               security
               of
               a
               Prince
               ,
               and
               he
               would
               often
               say
               of
               our
               late
               King
               Charles
               I
               ,
               that
               want
               of
               money
               ruined
               him
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               may
               well
               be
               presumed
               himself
               would
               take
               care
               to
               fill
               his
               Coffers
               with
               that
               .
            
             
               Besides
               the
               territories
               of
               Florence
               and
               Pisa
               ,
               called
               the
               old
               State
               ,
               of
               which
               he
               is
               absolute
               Lord
               and
               Sovereign
               ;
               and
               the
               territory
               of
               Siena
               ,
               called
               the
               new
               State
               ,
               for
               which
               he
               is
               feudatary
               of
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               He
               is
               also
               possessed
               of
               part
               of
               the
               isle
               of
               Elba
               ,
               which
               he
               holds
               of
               Spain
               ,
               part
               of
               Graffignana
               ,
               bought
               of
               the
               Marquesses
               Malaspina
               ;
               the
               Earldom
               of
               S.
               Fiora
               ,
               purchased
               of
               the
               Strozzi
               ;
               the
               Marquisate
               of
               Scanzano
               ,
               and
               the
               Earldom
               of
               Pitigliano
               and
               Sorano
               formerly
               belonging
               to
               the
               Vrsini
               ,
               
               and
               some
               other
               small
               places
               ,
               for
               all
               which
               he
               is
               feudatary
               of
               the
               Emperour
               .
               Radicofani
               in
               Tuscany
               and
               
                 Borgo
                 san
                 Sepolchro
              
               in
               Vmbria
               ,
               for
               which
               he
               is
               feudatary
               of
               the
               Pope
               .
            
             
               His
               Citadels
               and
               Fortresses
               ,
               especially
               those
               on
               the
               borders
               ,
               are
               thought
               to
               be
               the
               best
               fortified
               and
               provided
               with
               Ammunition
               and
               victual
               of
               any
               in
               Europe
               ;
               for
               the
               guard
               of
               which
               he
               keeps
               four
               or
               five
               thousand
               Souldies
               in
               constant
               pay
               .
               The
               3
               principal
               offices
               of
               trust
               are
               the
               Governours
               of
               Siena
               ,
               of
               Ligorn
               and
               Petigliano
               .
               He
               hath
               always
               about
               his
               person
               a
               guard
               of
               German
               Souldiers
               .
               He
               is
               able
               to
               send
               into
               the
               Field
               40000
               footmen
               and
               3000
               horsemen
               .
               Leti
               saith
               ,
               that
               he
               hath
               40000
               footmen
               enrolled
               ,
               who
               are
               obliged
               to
               stand
               ready
               at
               every
               call
               ;
               and
               1000
               horsemen
               listed
               and
               divided
               into
               12
               Companies
               ,
               and
               these
               last
               have
               the
               priviledge
               not
               to
               be
               imprisoned
               for
               debt
               .
               He
               can
               also
               put
               forth
               to
               Sea
               upon
               oceasion
               12
               gallies
               ,
               2
               galeasses
               and
               20
               ships
               of
               war.
               
            
             
               He
               entertains
               and
               diverts
               the
               Citizens
               of
               Florence
               in
               Summer-time
               with
               sports
               and
               shows
               ,
               especially
               races
               for
               prizes
               (
               Pallio's
               they
               call
               them
               )
               sometimes
               Barbary
               horses
               ,
               sometimes
               ordinary
               horses
               running
               through
               one
               of
               the
               streets
               of
               the
               Town
               (
               which
               thence
               they
               call
               the
               Curso
               )
               without
               any
               riders
               .
               To
               make
               them
               go
               they
               fasten
               little
               flaps
               of
               leather
               stuck
               with
               prickles
               upon
               their
               backs
               .
            
             
               The
               Great
               Duke
               holds
               good
               correspondence
               and
               amity
               with
               all
               Christian
               Princes
               and
               States
               ;
               except
               the
               Pope
               [
               upon
               account
               of
               
                 Borgo
                 San
                 Sepolchro
              
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               Pope
               pretends
               ;
               the
               Marquisate
               of
               
                 Monte
                 feltre
              
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               Duke
               hath
               some
               pretensions
               in
               right
               of
               his
               Wife
               ,
               who
               was
               heiress
               to
               the
               late
               Duke
               of
               Vrbin
               ;
               and
               the
               business
               of
               Castro
               :
               ]
               and
               the
               Duke
               of
               Savoy
               ,
               between
               whom
               and
               him
               there
               hath
               been
               an
               ancient
               emulation
               about
               precedency
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Duke
               hath
               the
               nomination
               of
               the
               Bishops
               and
               Governours
               of
               all
               the
               Cities
               in
               his
               Dominions
               .
            
             
               The
               Ecclesiastical
               Revenues
               of
               the
               Dukes
               whole
               State
               ,
               according
               to
               a
               Survey
               taken
               in
               the
               year
               1645
               ,
               were
               found
               to
               be
               765000
               Scudi
               or
               crowns
               
                 per
                 an
              
               .
               For
               this
               Leti
               is
               my
               Author
               .
            
             
               The
               Family
               of
               the
               Medici
               have
               had
               two
               Dukes
               besides
               those
               of
               Tuscany
               ,
               viz.
               William
               Duke
               of
               Nevers
               and
               Laurence
               Duke
               of
               Vrbin
               ;
               two
               Arch-Duchesses
               married
               to
               them
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Joan
              
               daughter
               of
               the
               Emperour
               Ferdinand
               I
               ,
               wife
               of
               Francis
               I
               ;
               and
               Mary
               daughter
               of
               Ferdinand
               II
               ,
               wife
               of
               Cosmus
               II
               :
               four
               Popes
               ,
               viz.
               Leo
               X.
               Clement
               VII
               ,
               Pius
               IV
               ,
               and
               Leo
               XI
               :
               two
               Queens
               of
               France
               ,
               viz
               Katharine
               wife
               of
               Henry
               II
               and
               Mary
               wife
               of
               Henry
               IV
               ,
               mother
               to
               our
               late
               Queen-mother
               ,
               who
               died
               in
               Collen
               1640.
               
               Their
               greatness
               began
               to
               exceed
               the
               measure
               of
               other
               Families
               (
               saith
               my
               Author
               )
               by
               the
               death
               of
               Pope
               John
               XXIII
               ,
               deposed
               in
               the
               Council
               of
               Constance
               in
               the
               year
               1414
               ,
               who
               died
               in
               the
               house
               of
               
                 John
                 Medices
              
               ,
               and
               made
               him
               his
               heir
               .
            
             
               The
               Gentlemen
               and
               Citizens
               of
               quality
               keep
               not
               their
               daughters
               at
               home
               after
               they
               be
               8
               or
               10
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               but
               put
               them
               into
               Nunneries
               ,
               where
               they
               are
               bred
               and
               taught
               all
               manner
               of
               womens
               work
               .
               Out
               thence
               they
               come
               not
               till
               they
               be
               married
               .
               He
               that
               makes
               love
               to
               any
               of
               them
               may
               with
               the
               parents
               consent
               see
               and
               speak
               with
               them
               at
               the
               grate
               of
               the
               Nunnery
               .
               This
               is
               not
               only
               a
               secure
               but
               also
               a
               cheap
               way
               to
               bring
               up
               their
               daughters
               .
               For
               they
               pay
               not
               to
               the
               house
               above
               16
               pounds
               a
               year
               for
               diet
               and
               all
               .
            
             
               About
               Florence
               we
               observed
               very
               few
               plants
               but
               what
               we
               had
               before
               met
               withal
               in
               other
               places
               .
               
               Those
               we
               noted
               were
               
                 Carduus
                 chrysanthemus
                 Narbonensis
              
               Ger.
               Acarna
               flore
               purpuro-rubente
               patulo
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Echium
               majus
               &
               asperius
               flore
               albo
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Carduus
               solstitialis
               Ger.
               
                 Atractylis
                 ;
                 Conyza
                 major
                 Monspeliensis
                 odorata
              
               
               J.
               B.
               Galega
               ;
               Scrophularia
               ,
               Ruta
               canina
               dicta
               ;
               Lotus
               pentaphyllos
               siliquosus
               ,
               villosus
               C.
               B.
               Aster
               luteus
               foltis
               ad
               florem
               rìgidis
               C.
               B.
               Iberis
               J.
               B.
               Juncus
               acutus
               maritimus
               capitulis
               rotundis
               C.
               B.
               Ageratum
               vulgare
               ;
               Stoechas
               citrina
               angustifolia
               ;
               Sideritis
               vulgaris
               Ger.
               Nigella
               arvensis
               Park
               .
               Satureia
               aestiva
               hortensis
               Ger.
               Scorpioides
               Telephium
               Ang.
               Lob
               Passerina
               Tragi
               J.
               B.
               Globularia
               Monspeliensium
               ;
               Melilotus
               major
               flore
               albo
               ;
               Chrysanthemum
               Bellidis
               folio
               
                 Hort.
                 Pat.
              
               Medica
               orbiculata
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Solanum
               vulgare
               fructu
               lutco
               ;
               Melissa
               vulgaris
               ;
               Chondrilla
               juncea
               Ger.
               Chamaesyce
               ;
               Stoebe
               calyculis
               argentcis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Ischaemon
               vulgare
               ;
               Gramen
               dactyloides
               radice
               repente
               Ger.
               Buphthalmum
               vulgare
               Ger.
               Buglossum
               angustifolium
               Lob.
               Botrys
               ;
               Psyllium
               vulgare
               ;
               Cichorium
               verrucarium
               sive
               Zacyntha
               ;
               Scordium
               ;
               Xeranthemum
               ;
               Kali
               spinosum
               ,
               so
               far
               from
               
                 the
                 Sea.
              
               Gramen
               supinum
               aculeatum
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Gramen
               amoris
               dictum
               ;
               
                 duae
                 varietates
              
               .
               Iris
               floribus
               albis
               ,
               
                 in
                 muris
                 urbis
                 copiosissimè
                 ,
                 unde
              
               Florentina
               
                 denominatur
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 urbi
                 vicinis
                 ,
              
               Arbutus
               ;
               Laurus
               ;
               Lotus
               arbor
               ;
               Cyclamen
               folia
               anguloso
               J.
               B.
               Phillyrea
               serrata
               2
               Clus
               .
               Erica
               arboreseens
               Monspeliensis
               ,
               flore
               purpurascente
               ,
               ramulis
               ternis
               J.
               B.
               Satureia
               S.
               Juliani
               J.
               B.
               Cistus
               foemina
               Ger.
               Lychuis
               minima
               rigida
               Cherleri
               J.
               B.
               Pyracantha
               ,
               in
               sylvosis
               juxta
               Arnum
               ;
               Arislolochia
               Saraceneca
               
                 Ger.
                 ibid.
              
               Gratiola
               ;
               Colutea
               vesicaria
               ;
               Rhamnus
               1
               Chusii
               flo
               .
               albo
               Ger.
               Digitalis
               lutecavel
               pallida
               parvo
               flore
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               
            
             
               The
               red
               Florence
               wine
               is
               most
               commened
               for
               a
               table
               wine
               of
               any
               in
               Italy
               ;
               and
               doubtless
               it
               is
               most
               wholesome
               ,
               and
               to
               them
               who
               are
               used
               to
               it
               also
               most
               gustful
               and
               pleasant
               .
               It
               is
               of
               a
               deeper
               colour
               than
               ordinary
               Claret
               ,
               which
               is
               caused
               by
               letting
               it
               stand
               longer
               upon
               the
               husks
               or
               vinacea
               before
               it
               be
               pressed
               .
               For
               it
               is
               the
               skin
               only
               which
               gives
               the
               tincture
               ,
               the
               interiour
               pulp
               of
               the
               grape
               being
               white
               .
            
             
               We
               began
               our
               journey
               to
               Rome
               .
               
               First
               we
               passed
               through
               Castiano
               a
               pretty
               little
               Town
               8
               miles
               distant
               
               from
               Florence
               ;
               and
               when
               we
               had
               proceeded
               4
               miles
               further
               ,
               we
               left
               the
               ordinary
               road
               to
               Siena
               by
               
                 Poggi
                 bonzi
              
               ,
               (
               which
               is
               the
               plainer
               but
               longer
               )
               and
               rode
               to
               S.
               Buco
               ,
               a
               good
               large
               Village
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               to
               S.
               Donato
               ,
               a
               poor
               walled
               Town
               16
               miles
               from
               Florence
               ,
               and
               14
               from
               Siena
               .
               From
               S.
               Donato
               we
               rode
               on
               to
               
                 Castellina
                 di
                 Campi
              
               5
               miles
               further
               ,
               from
               whence
               to
               Siena
               we
               had
               9
               miles
               more
               ;
               the
               first
               four
               mountainous
               and
               stony
               way
               ,
               the
               last
               five
               good
               .
               All
               this
               Countrey
               we
               rode
               through
               ,
               and
               generally
               all
               Tus●any
               ,
               is
               mountainous
               and
               barren
               .
               Yet
               are
               not
               the
               mountains
               very
               high
               .
               About
               5
               miles
               from
               Florence
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               the
               Certosa
               or
               Carthusian
               Cloyster
               ,
               seated
               on
               a
               pleasant
               hill
               by
               the
               way
               side
               .
               We
               had
               the
               prospect
               of
               Siena
               about
               10
               miles
               before
               we
               came
               at
               it
               .
               
               Siena
               is
               a
               fair
               City
               ,
               some
               4
               miles
               in
               compass
               .
               The
               Piazza
               or
               Market-place
               is
               compassed
               about
               with
               good
               buildings
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               figure
               of
               it
               not
               unfitly
               resembled
               to
               a
               cochle
               or
               scallop-shell
               .
               This
               fancy
               had
               they
               who
               paved
               it
               ,
               for
               on
               one
               side
               ,
               viz.
               that
               next
               the
               Palace
               ,
               they
               have
               placed
               the
               figure
               of
               the
               heel
               of
               a
               cochle-shell
               made
               in
               stone
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               have
               drawn
               rayes
               or
               ribs
               of
               stone
               (
               answering
               to
               the
               ridges
               or
               striae
               of
               a
               cochle-shell
               )
               to
               the
               edges
               round
               .
               The
               Domo
               or
               Cathedral
               Chruch
               is
               a
               stately
               edifice
               of
               marble
               ,
               having
               a
               beautiful
               front
               ;
               adorned
               withinside
               with
               the
               heads
               of
               all
               the
               Popes
               ,
               placed
               in
               the
               wall
               ,
               round
               about
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Chruch
               .
               Part
               of
               this
               Church
               is
               paved
               with
               Marble
               inlaid
               ,
               or
               a
               more
               elegant
               sort
               of
               M●saic
               work
               ,
               containing
               part
               of
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Bible
               ,
               done
               by
               
                 Micherino
                 Sanese
              
               .
               This
               pavement
               is
               covered
               with
               a
               moveable
               floor
               of
               boards
               to
               preserve
               it
               .
               Had
               it
               been
               finished
               as
               intended
               ,
               all
               Europe
               could
               not
               have
               shown
               the
               like
               ;
               but
               there
               is
               not
               a
               fourth
               part
               done
               .
               The
               painting
               of
               the
               Library
               walls
               in
               this
               Chruch
               ,
               containing
               the
               History
               of
               
                 Alneas
                 Sylvius
              
               afterwards
               
                 Pope
                 Pius
              
               II
               ,
               half
               by
               the
               hand
               of
               
                 Petrus
                 
                 Peruginus
              
               ,
               and
               half
               by
               
                 Raphael
                 Vrbin
              
               ,
               is
               in
               my
               judgment
               the
               most
               excellent
               painting
               that
               ever
               I
               beheld
               ,
               and
               so
               fresh
               and
               lively
               as
               if
               it
               had
               been
               done
               but
               yesterday
               .
               Heer
               are
               also
               other
               good
               Churches
               and
               handsome
               Palaces
               .
               We
               ascended
               the
               Tower
               called
               
                 Torre
                 di
                 mangio
              
               ,
               from
               whence
               we
               had
               a
               fair
               prospect
               of
               the
               whole
               City
               ,
               which
               runs
               out
               into
               3
               angles
               .
               The
               walls
               enclose
               much
               void
               ground
               ,
               which
               is
               made
               use
               of
               for
               Gardens
               and
               Vineyards
               .
               All
               the
               streets
               and
               Piazza
               are
               paved
               with
               brick
               set
               edge-ways
               ,
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Venice
               ,
               and
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               streets
               of
               the
               Holland
               Towns.
               The
               whole
               Town
               is
               well
               built
               and
               situate
               upon
               a
               hill
               ,
               and
               by
               that
               means
               always
               clean
               .
               They
               heer
               make
               no
               use
               of
               snow
               or
               ice
               to
               cool
               or
               refresh
               their
               Wines
               ,
               their
               cellars
               keeping
               it
               cool
               enough
               .
               In
               the
               Palace
               of
               the
               Podestà
               we
               saw
               a
               room
               ,
               the
               walls
               and
               roof
               whereof
               were
               painted
               by
               
                 Micherino
                 Sanese
              
               ,
               valued
               at
               more
               then
               the
               whole
               Palace
               besides
               .
               We
               took
               notice
               also
               of
               the
               Theater
               for
               Comedies
               ,
               a
               fair
               brick
               building
               ;
               and
               the
               Studium
               ,
               called
               the
               Sapienza
               ,
               where
               are
               the
               public
               Schools
               ,
               a
               mean
               building
               much
               like
               that
               of
               Pisa
               .
               This
               City
               is
               counted
               a
               very
               good
               place
               to
               sojourn
               in
               for
               a
               Stranger
               that
               would
               learn
               Italian
               ,
               as
               well
               because
               the
               Citizens
               heer
               speak
               the
               purest
               language
               ,
               as
               for
               that
               they
               are
               very
               civil
               and
               courteous
               to
               Foreigners
               .
               Besides
               by
               reason
               of
               its
               situation
               the
               air
               is
               temperate
               even
               in
               Summer
               time
               ;
               Provisions
               also
               are
               reasonable
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               to
               Radicofani
               34
               miles
               ,
               
               passing
               through
               1.
               
               Lucignano
               a
               post-village
               ,
               and
               in
               sight
               of
               Cuna
               a
               Village
               on
               a
               hill
               ;
               also
               a
               little
               walled
               Town
               called
               Fuon-convento
               ,
               then
               Tornieri
               a
               post-village
               ,
               and
               lastly
               S.
               Quiricho
               ,
               i.
               e.
               
                 S.
                 Cyriaci
                 oppidum
              
               .
               
               Which
               so
               soon
               as
               we
               had
               passed
               I
               found
               great
               plenty
               of
               Lavender-cotton
               ,
               which
               grew
               all
               along
               by
               the
               way-side
               .
               There
               grew
               also
               all
               this
               days
               journey
               in
               great
               plenty
               
                 Absinthium
                 Romanum
              
               Caes
               .
               Between
               S.
               Quiricho
               
               and
               
                 Radicofani
                 Cinara
                 sylv
              
               .
               and
               two
               other
               species
               of
               thistle
               ,
               one
               I
               guessed
               to
               be
               
                 Carduus
                 tomentosus
              
               Lob.
               the
               other
               I
               knew
               not
               ;
               
                 Acarna
                 flore
                 purpuro-rubente
                 Patulo
                 ;
                 Veronica
                 spicata
                 coerulea
                 ;
                 Winter
                 Savory
                 ;
                 After
                 luteus
                 Linariae
                 folio
                 ;
                 Colchicum
              
               covered
               all
               the
               pastures
               .
               Between
               S.
               Quiricho
               and
               Radicofani
               we
               passed
               no
               considerable
               Town
               or
               Village
               .
               All
               the
               Countrey
               we
               rode
               through
               this
               day
               is
               mountainous
               and
               barren
               ,
               very
               little
               wood
               growing
               on
               the
               ground
               .
               
               Radicofani
               being
               a
               frontier
               is
               strongly
               fortified
               and
               held
               with
               a
               Garrison
               of
               300
               Souldiers
               by
               the
               Great
               Duke
               .
               This
               Radicofani
               is
               situate
               upon
               a
               high
               hill
               ,
               so
               that
               one
               may
               see
               it
               going
               or
               coming
               12
               or
               14
               miles
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               from
               Radicofani
               to
               Viterbo
               38
               miles
               .
               
               About
               10
               miles
               from
               Radicofani
               we
               passed
               over
               a
               small
               River
               called
               at
               a
               place
               called
               
                 Ponte
                 Argentino
              
               ,
               which
               divides
               the
               State
               of
               the
               
                 Gr.
                 Duke
              
               and
               of
               the
               Pope
               .
               It
               is
               to
               be
               noted
               that
               in
               all
               this
               Countrey
               the
               Towns
               and
               Villages
               are
               generally
               set
               upon
               the
               tops
               of
               hills
               ,
               for
               coolness
               I
               suppose
               .
               We
               observed
               also
               that
               the
               Countrey
               subject
               to
               the
               Great
               Duke
               ,
               at
               least
               that
               part
               we
               travelled
               this
               Voyage
               ,
               was
               craggy
               and
               bare
               of
               trees
               ,
               and
               seem'd
               to
               us
               to
               be
               but
               dry
               parcht
               and
               barren
               land
               .
               But
               so
               soon
               as
               we
               came
               into
               the
               
                 Ecclesiastical
                 State
              
               the
               world
               was
               well
               amended
               ;
               for
               the
               hills
               were
               for
               the
               most
               part
               covered
               with
               trees
               ,
               and
               the
               valleys
               very
               fruitful
               .
               Fourteen
               miles
               from
               Radicofani
               we
               passed
               Aquapendente
               a
               large
               old
               Town
               ,
               
               
                 ex
                 re
                 nomen
                 habens
              
               ,
               for
               it
               stands
               upon
               the
               brow
               of
               a
               hill
               from
               which
               the
               water
               falls
               perpendicularly
               .
               Then
               we
               passed
               S.
               Lorenzo
               ,
               a
               little
               Town
               on
               the
               edge
               of
               the
               lake
               of
               Volsinii
               now
               called
               Bolsena
               ,
               and
               rode
               along
               the
               brink
               of
               the
               lake
               5
               miles
               to
               Bolsena
               .
               From
               Bolse
               we
               mounted
               up
               to
               
                 Monte
                 Fiascone
              
               ,
               
               where
               we
               tasted
               the
               so
               much
               celebrated
               wine
               ,
               and
               after
               8
               miles
               further
               riding
               over
               a
               spacious
               and
               fruitful
               plain
               arrived
               at
               Viterbo
               ,
               a
               large
               
               and
               well
               situate
               Town
               ,
               but
               not
               very
               fairly
               built
               .
               All
               that
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               there
               was
               2
               or
               3
               handsome
               Fountains
               ,
               and
               the
               monument
               of
               Pope
               John
               XXI
               in
               the
               Domo
               .
               There
               are
               Sulphure-wells
               and
               hot
               springs
               about
               the
               Town
               ,
               but
               we
               had
               not
               time
               to
               examine
               or
               so
               much
               as
               view
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 We
                 rode
                 to
              
               Baccano
               22
               
                 miles
                 from
              
               Viterbo
               ,
               
               
                 passing
                 through
              
               Ronciglione
               
                 a
                 pretty
                 Town
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 of
              
               Castro
               .
               
                 In
                 the
                 woods
                 we
                 travelled
                 through
                 this
                 day
                 upon
                 the
                 mountains
                 near
              
               Viterbo
               ,
               
                 we
                 found
                 many
                 rare
                 plants
              
               ,
               v.
               g.
               Carduus
               globosus
               Ger.
               Viola
               matronalis
               ;
               Casia
               poetica
               Lob.
               Cerrus
               minore
               glande
               Ger.
               Orobus
               sylvaticus
               viciae
               foliis
               
                 C.
                 B.
              
               Cyclaminus
               folio
               anguloso
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 plentifully
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Woods
                 between
              
               Viterbo
               and
               Rome
               :
               Mespilus
               vulgaris
               ;
               Hesperis
               sylvestris
               latifolia
               ,
               flore
               parvo
               albo
               Park
               .
               Thlaspi
               Candiae
               Ger.
               Lamium
               scntellaria
               dictum
               ;
               Sorbus
               ;
               Linaria
               major
               purpurea
               ;
               Blattaria
               lutea
               ;
               Cytisus
               cortice
               cinereo
               aut
               albido
               ,
               siliquis
               hirsutis
               .
               
                 We
                 cannot
                 yet
                 certainly
                 determine
                 what
                 this
                 plant
                 is
                 called
                 by
                 Botanic
                 writers
                 .
              
               Plumbago
               
                 Plinii
                 at
              
               Bolsena
               
                 and
                 about
              
               Rome
               
                 plentifully
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 sides
              
               ;
               Polygonum
               vel
               Linifolia
               per
               terram
               sparsa
               flore
               Scorpioidis
               
                 J.
                 B.
              
               Helleborus
               niger
               hortensis
               flore
               viridi
               
                 J.
                 B.
                 in
                 vepretis
                 montosis
                 passim
                 .
              
            
             
               We
               travelled
               from
               Baccano
               to
               Rome
               16
               miles
               .
               
               From
               a
               mountain
               we
               passed
               over
               not
               far
               from
               Baccano
               we
               had
               a
               wide
               prospect
               of
               the
               Campania
               of
               Rome
               ,
               which
               being
               covered
               over
               with
               a
               thick
               mist
               ,
               appeared
               to
               us
               (
               looking
               down
               upon
               it
               from
               the
               clear
               sky
               above
               )
               like
               a
               huge
               lake
               of
               water
               ,
               nor
               could
               we
               have
               perswaded
               our selves
               otherwise
               had
               we
               not
               before
               observed
               the
               like
               Phaenomenon
               in
               some
               places
               of
               England
               .
               About
               3
               miles
               short
               of
               Rome
               we
               passed
               by
               an
               ancient
               monument
               like
               to
               those
               we
               had
               observed
               at
               Modena
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               the
               Sepulchre
               of
               Nero
               ;
               and
               somewhat
               more
               than
               a
               mile
               before
               we
               entred
               the
               City
               ,
               
               we
               passed
               over
               the
               Tiber
               by
               the
               
                 Ponte
                 Molle
              
               ,
               
               anciently
               
                 Pons
                 Milvius
              
               ;
               and
               came
               upon
               the
               
                 Via
                 Flaminia
              
               ,
               a
               streight
               paved
               way
               having
               Ville
               and
               Gardens
               on
               either
               side
               it
               ,
               which
               brought
               us
               to
               the
               Gate
               called
               
                 Porta
                 del
                 Popolo
              
               ,
               whereat
               we
               entred
               the
               City
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               ROME
               .
            
             
               OF
               Rome
               both
               ancient
               and
               modern
               ,
               though
               more
               might
               be
               said
               than
               of
               any
               City
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               yet
               because
               so
               much
               hath
               been
               written
               by
               others
               both
               in
               Latine
               and
               English
               ,
               I
               shall
               be
               very
               brief
               ,
               it
               being
               needless
               to
               trouble
               the
               world
               with
               what
               hath
               been
               already
               published
               in
               other
               books
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Antiquities
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
              
               Rome
               
                 are
                 some
                 ruines
                 and
                 remainders
                 of
              
               Heathenish
               Temples
               ,
               Theatres
               and
               Amphitheatres
               ,
               Circi
               ,
               Baths
               ,
               Aquaeducts
               ,
               Obelisks
               ,
               Triumphal
               Arches
               ,
               Pillars
               ,
               Fora
               ,
               Ma●solaea
               ,
               Statues
               ,
               Altar
               stones
               ,
               Grave-stones
               and
               other
               stones
               with
               inscriptions
               ,
               Medals
               ,
               Entaglie
               or
               Gems
               engraven
               with
               figures
               ,
               sacrificing
               vessels
               and
               instruments
               ,
               Sepulchral
               urns
               ,
               Lachrymal
               urns
               ,
               ancient
               Lamps
               ,
               Weights
               ,
               Rings
               ,
               Fibulae
               and
               abundance
               of
               other
               implements
               .
            
             
               First
               for
               ancient
               Temples
               the
               most
               remarkable
               that
               I
               observed
               yet
               remaining
               ,
               
               either
               entire
               or
               some
               parts
               or
               ruines
               of
               were
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               Pantheon
               ,
               
               now
               dedicated
               to
               the
               Virgin
               Mary
               and
               All-Saints
               ,
               and
               commonly
               called
               the
               Rotunda
               from
               its
               figure
               .
               It
               s
               highth
               was
               144
               feet
               ,
               and
               its
               breadth
               as
               much
               .
               The
               roof
               was
               vaulted
               in
               form
               of
               a
               cupola
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               light
               it
               received
               was
               by
               a
               large
               round
               hole
               of
               3
               yards
               diameter
               just
               in
               the
               top
               .
               It
               had
               a
               porch
               of
               16
               tall
               and
               massive
               pillars
               of
               speckled
               marble
               called
               Oriental
               granite
               ;
               each
               pillar
               being
               of
               one
               entire
               stone
               ;
               of
               which
               there
               are
               at
               present
               only
               13
               remaining
               .
               Upon
               the
               Architrave
               of
               the
               Portico
               is
               inscribed
               in
               large
               letters
               .
               
               
                 M.
                 AGRIPPA
                 L.
                 F.
                 COS.
                 TERTIUM
                 FECIT
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               underneath
               that
               in
               lesser
               Letters
               this
               ,
               
                 IMP.
                 CAES.
                 L.
                 SEPTIMIUS
                 .
                 SEVERUS
                 .
                 PIUS
                 .
                 PERTINAX
                 .
                 ARABICUS
                 .
                 ADIABENICUS
                 .
                 PARTHICUS
                 .
                 MAXIMUS
                 .
                 PONTIF
                 .
                 MAX.
                 TRIB
                 .
                 POT
                 .
                 XI
                 .
                 COS.
                 III.
                 P.
                 P.
                 PROCOS
                 .
                 ET
                 .
                 IMP.
                 CAES.
                 M.
                 AURELIUS
                 .
                 ANTONINUS
                 .
                 PIUS
                 .
                 FOELIX
                 AUG
                 .
                 TRIB
                 .
                 POTEST
                 .
                 V.
                 COS.
                 PROCOS
                 .
                 PANTHEUM
                 .
                 VETUSTATE
                 .
                 CORRUPTTM
                 .
                 CUM
                 .
                 OMNI
                 .
                 CULTU
                 .
                 RESTITUERUNT
                 .
              
            
             
               This
               Temple
               was
               covered
               with
               copper-plates
               or
               tiles
               ,
               taken
               away
               by
               Pope
               Vrban
               VIII
               ;
               whence
               that
               Pasquinate
               ,
               
                 Quod
                 non
                 fecere
                 barbari
                 fecere
                 Barberini
                 .
              
               He
               thereupon
               (
               as
               was
               thought
               )
               to
               silence
               and
               appease
               the
               clamour
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               caused
               thereof
               to
               be
               made
               the
               4
               famous
               wreathed
               pillars
               and
               Canopy
               of
               the
               high
               Altar
               in
               S.
               
               Peter's
               Church
               .
               Of
               the
               very
               nails
               [
               
                 clavi
                 trabales
              
               ]
               which
               fastned
               the
               tiles
               of
               the
               Portico
               was
               cast
               a
               great
               gun
               of
               the
               weight
               of
               2800
               pounds
               now
               to
               be
               seen
               in
               Castle
               S.
               Angelo
               with
               the
               figure
               of
               one
               of
               the
               nails
               ,
               and
               an
               inscription
               upon
               it
               signifying
               whereof
               it
               was
               made
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Ex
                 clavis
                 trabalibus
                 Porticus
                 Agrippae
                 .
              
               This
               Temple
               remains
               still
               entire
               ,
               only
               despoiled
               of
               its
               ancient
               statues
               and
               ornaments
               .
               For
               heer
               besides
               many
               others
               was
               that
               famous
               Minerva
               of
               Phidias
               .
               When
               it
               was
               first
               built
               it
               had
               an
               ascent
               of
               7
               steps
               which
               encompassed
               it
               round
               ,
               now
               you
               descend
               11
               steps
               to
               go
               into
               it
               :
               so
               much
               is
               the
               rubbish
               and
               earth
               grown
               up
               above
               it
               .
               Indeed
               a
               great
               part
               of
               old
               Rome
               lies
               buried
               under
               ground
               in
               its
               ruines
               .
               One
               remarkable
               thing
               in
               this
               Temple
               they
               bade
               us
               take
               notice
               of
               ,
               which
               I
               find
               not
               in
               books
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               that
               the
               lintel
               and
               side-posts
               of
               
               the
               great
               door
               of
               this
               Church
               (
               which
               is
               of
               a
               huge
               highth
               and
               breadth
               for
               a
               door
               )
               are
               all
               of
               one
               entire
               stone
               ;
               which
               we
               were
               content
               to
               believe
               rather
               than
               put
               our selves
               to
               the
               trouble
               of
               examining
               .
               In
               this
               Church
               is
               the
               monument
               of
               
                 Raphael
                 Vrbin
              
               ,
               whose
               Epitaph
               (
               he
               being
               so
               eminent
               a
               person
               and
               one
               that
               carried
               on
               painting
               to
               its
               highest
               perfection
               )
               I
               shall
               heer
               insert
               .
            
             
               
                 Raphaeli
                 Sanctio
                 Joan.
                 F.
                 Vrbinat
                 .
              
               
                 Pictori
                 eminentiss
                 .
                 Veterúmque
                 aemulo
                 ,
              
               
                 Cujus
                 spirantes
                 propè
                 imagines
                 si
              
               
                 Contemplêre
                 ,
                 naturae
                 atque
                 artis
                 foedus
              
               
                 Facilè
                 inspexeris
                 .
              
               
                 Julii
                 II
                 &
                 Leonis
                 X
                 Pontt
                 .
                 maxx
                 .
                 picturae
              
               
                 Et
                 Architect
                 .
                 operibus
                 gloriam
                 auxit
                 .
              
               
                 V.
                 A.
                 XXXVII
                 integer
                 integros
                 .
              
               
                 Quo
                 dic
                 natus
                 est
                 co
                 esse
                 desiit
                 ,
              
               
                 VII
                 .
                 Id.
                 Aprilis
                 MDXX
                 .
              
               
                 Hîc
                 situs
                 est
                 Raphael
                 ,
                 timuit
                 quo
                 sospite
                 vinci
              
               
                 Rerum
                 magna
                 parens
                 ,
                 &
                 moriente
                 mori
                 .
              
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Fortunae
                 virilis
              
               ,
               according
               to
               some
               ;
               according
               to
               others
               
                 Templum
                 Lunae
              
               ,
               but
               more
               probably
               of
               the
               Sun
               and
               Jupiter
               .
               It
               stands
               by
               the
               River
               side
               not
               far
               from
               the
               broken
               bridge
               ;
               is
               now
               called
               S.
               
                 Maria
                 Aegyptiaca
              
               ,
               and
               therein
               the
               Armenians
               have
               their
               service
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Solis
              
               ;
               according
               to
               some
               
                 Templum
                 Vestae
              
               ;
               and
               to
               others
               
                 Templum
                 Herculis
                 Victoris
              
               .
               It
               stands
               near
               the
               precedent
               ,
               and
               is
               now
               called
               
                 La
                 Madonna
                 del
                 Sole
              
               ,
               or
               
                 S.
                 Stefano
                 allc
                 carrozze
              
               .
               It
               is
               but
               small
               ,
               of
               a
               round
               figure
               ,
               having
               a
               portico
               or
               gallery
               of
               striate
               pillars
               round
               about
               it
               .
               The
               Walls
               are
               of
               stone
               ,
               and
               it
               hath
               no
               windows
               ,
               but
               receives
               all
               its
               light
               from
               a
               round
               hole
               in
               the
               top
               ,
               like
               the
               Rotonda
               .
               This
               and
               the
               former
               remain
               still
               almost
               entire
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Dianae
                 Aventinae
              
               ,
               now
               the
               Church
               of
               
               S.
               Sabino
               .
               It
               is
               large
               ;
               the
               walls
               of
               brick
               and
               the
               nave
               divided
               from
               the
               Isles
               by
               12
               striate
               pillars
               on
               each
               side
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Herculis
                 Aventini
              
               ;
               now
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               Alexius
               and
               Bonifacius
               ;
               situate
               on
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Aventine
               mount
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               the
               former
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Jani
                 quadrifrontis
              
               ,
               in
               the
               Cow-market
               .
               This
               seems
               rather
               to
               have
               been
               an
               Arch
               than
               a
               Temple
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Concordiae
              
               ,
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               
                 Mons
                 Capitolinus
              
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               remains
               only
               the
               portico
               ,
               heving
               eight
               great
               pillars
               of
               marble
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               of
               one
               stone
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Saturni
              
               ,
               anciently
               the
               treasury
               ,
               now
               S.
               
               Adrian's
               Church
               :
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Capital
               ,
               near
               Severus
               his
               Arch.
               The
               frontispiece
               of
               this
               Church
               is
               a
               remainder
               of
               the
               old
               Temple
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Antonini
                 &
                 Faustinae
              
               ;
               now
               S.
               
                 Lorenzo
                 in
                 Miranda
              
               .
               The
               portico
               of
               this
               remains
               〈◊〉
               entire
               with
               its
               ancient
               inscription
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               walls
               made
               of
               massy
               square
               stones
               .
               The
               marble
               pillars
               of
               the
               porch
               suffer
               much
               by
               the
               weather
               ,
               being
               of
               that
               sort
               of
               stone
               ,
               which
               hath
               a
               grain
               lying
               one
               way
               ,
               and
               so
               riving
               or
               cleaving
               like
               wood
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Romuli
                 &
                 Remi
              
               ,
               now
               of
               S.
               
                 Cosmo
                 &
                 Damiano
              
               ;
               little
               of
               the
               old
               Temple
               remaining
               :
               the
               stones
               it
               seems
               being
               carried
               away
               by
               
                 Ignatius
                 Loyola
              
               for
               his
               foundation
               .
               There
               is
               a
               concurrent
               Echo
               ,
               in
               a
               cupola
               you
               pass
               under
               to
               go
               into
               the
               body
               of
               this
               Church
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Isidis
                 &
                 Scrapidis
                 sive
                 Solis
                 &
                 Lunae
                 ,
              
               now
               S.
               
                 Maria
                 nuova
              
               ,
               near
               Titus
               his
               arch
               .
               The
               present
               Church
               is
               no
               part
               of
               the
               old
               Temple
               ,
               nor
               built
               exactly
               upon
               the
               place
               where
               it
               stood
               :
               but
               behind
               the
               Cloyster
               are
               some
               part
               of
               the
               ruines
               of
               the
               old
               Temple
               still
               remaining
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Pacis
              
               .
               This
               was
               the
               largest
               of
               all
               the
               ancient
               Temples
               in
               Rome
               ,
               built
               by
               Vespasian
               .
               
               There
               are
               yet
               standing
               part
               of
               3
               vaults
               or
               arches
               ;
               and
               the
               plant
               of
               the
               whole
               may
               easily
               be
               discerned
               .
               The
               great
               striate
               pillar
               set
               up
               before
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               
                 Maria
                 maggiore
              
               was
               taken
               hence
               ,
               and
               was
               one
               of
               eight
               which
               supported
               the
               nave
               or
               body
               of
               this
               Temple
               .
               It
               is
               the
               greatest
               pillar
               of
               one
               entire
               stone
               now
               remaining
               in
               Rome
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Jovis
                 Statoris
              
               .
               Of
               this
               the
               3
               pillars
               remaining
               in
               the
               
                 Campo
                 vaccino
              
               near
               the
               Palatine
               mountain
               are
               supposed
               to
               have
               been
               part
               .
            
             
               14.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Jovis
                 tonantis
              
               .
               Of
               this
               the
               3
               pillars
               almost
               buried
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               on
               the
               architrave
               whereof
               are
               these
               letters
               ESTITUER
               ,
               standing
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               the
               clivus
               as
               you
               go
               up
               from
               Severus
               his
               arch
               to
               the
               Capitol
               are
               supposed
               to
               have
               been
               part
               .
            
             
               15.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Fauni
              
               ,
               now
               S.
               
                 Stefano
                 rotundo
              
               ,
               a
               large
               round
               fabric
               ,
               having
               two
               circles
               of
               pillars
               con●●●ical
               ;
               the
               outermost
               of
               lesser
               pillars
               ;
               the
               innermost
               of
               larger
               :
               in
               the
               outermost
               are
               44
               pillars
               ,
               in
               the
               inner
               the
               just
               half
               of
               that
               number
               .
               Besides
               the
               pillars
               of
               the
               inner
               circle
               stand
               exactly
               at
               the
               same
               distance
               one
               from
               another
               as
               do
               those
               of
               the
               outer
               .
            
             
               16.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Herculis
                 Callaici
              
               ,
               now
               Galluzzo
               .
               It
               stands
               in
               the
               vineyards
               near
               
                 S.
                 Bibiana
              
               ;
               a
               very
               tall
               building
               of
               brick
               not
               exactly
               round
               but
               decagonal
               .
               The
               roof
               of
               it
               is
               a
               vault
               or
               cupola
               not
               so
               great
               as
               that
               of
               the
               Rotonda
               and
               yet
               not
               much
               less
               .
               It
               had
               two
               doors
               diametrically
               opposite
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               other
               sides
               were
               8
               niches
               for
               statues
               .
            
             
               17.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Bacchi
                 extra
                 portam
                 Piam
              
               ,
               one
               mile
               without
               the
               City
               walls
               :
               now
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               Costanza
               .
               This
               also
               is
               a
               round
               structure
               .
               The
               walls
               are
               of
               brick
               and
               of
               a
               great
               thickness
               :
               within
               it
               hath
               a
               lesser
               round
               or
               concentrical
               circle
               of
               12
               large
               pillars
               There
               stands
               an
               ancient
               monument
               of
               Porphyry
               of
               the
               fashion
               of
               a
               huge
               chest
               or
               trough
               ,
               having
               
               a
               stone
               to
               cover
               it
               .
               This
               is
               curiously
               engraven
               with
               several
               figures
               of
               branches
               of
               trees
               ,
               boys
               treading
               of
               grapes
               ,
               of
               birds
               ,
               &c.
               
               They
               call
               it
               the
               monument
               of
               Bacchus
               .
               In
               several
               places
               of
               the
               roof
               are
               to
               be
               seen
               very
               fresh
               the
               pictures
               of
               bunches
               of
               grapes
               and
               several
               things
               belonging
               to
               the
               vintage
               .
               The
               freshness
               of
               the
               colours
               and
               rudeness
               of
               the
               figures
               makes
               me
               doubt
               whether
               this
               was
               ancient
               Roman
               painting
               or
               no.
               
            
             
               18.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Solis
              
               .
               Of
               this
               there
               was
               lately
               a
               piece
               standing
               in
               the
               Garden
               of
               the
               Columnae
               upon
               
                 monte
                 cavallo
              
               ,
               called
               
                 Frontispicium
                 Neronis
              
               and
               
                 Torredi
                 Nerone
              
               by
               the
               vulgar
               .
               It
               is
               now
               quite
               thrown
               down
               ;
               only
               there
               remain
               in
               the
               Garden
               vast
               marble
               stones
               ,
               the
               greatest
               that
               ever
               I
               saw
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               them
               curiously
               carved
               which
               came
               from
               the
               top
               of
               this
               building
               .
            
             
               19.
               
               
                 Templum
                 Romuli
                 &
                 Remi
                 sub
                 monte
                 Palatino
                 ,
              
               now
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               Theodore
               .
               This
               is
               a
               round
               brick
               building
               ,
               into
               which
               you
               descend
               by
               many
               steps
               as
               into
               the
               Rotonda
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               For
               Amphitheaters
               and
               Theaters
               there
               are
               
               yet
               remaining
               great
               ruines
               of
               the
               Amphitheater
               of
               Titus
               now
               called
               the
               Coliseo
               ,
               round
               without
               ,
               and
               of
               an
               oval
               figure
               within
               ;
               capable
               of
               85000
               men
               to
               sit
               and
               see
               .
               There
               are
               also
               some
               footsteps
               of
               the
               Amphitheater
               of
               
                 Statilius
                 Taurus
              
               ,
               near
               to
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               
                 Croce
                 in
                 Gierusalemme
              
               ;
               and
               lastly
               a
               good
               part
               of
               the
               walls
               of
               the
               Theatre
               of
               Marcellus
               ,
               upon
               which
               the
               Savelli's
               Palace
               is
               built
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               Of
               Circi
               there
               is
               1.
               a
               good
               part
               of
               that
               
               of
               
                 Antoninus
                 Caracalla
              
               ,
               a
               mile
               out
               of
               the
               City
               .
               2.
               
               Of
               the
               
                 Circus
                 maximus
              
               there
               is
               little
               remaining
               ,
               only
               the
               fashion
               of
               it
               may
               be
               plainly
               discerned
               .
               3.
               
               The
               
                 Circus
                 Agonalis
              
               stood
               where
               now
               is
               the
               
                 Piazza
                 Navova
              
               .
               4.
               
               Of
               the
               Circus
               of
               Nero
               in
               
                 Campo
                 Vaticano
              
               nothing
               remains
               now
               to
               be
               seen
               ;
               as
               neither
               of
               5.
               the
               
                 Circus
                 Flaminius
              
               .
            
             
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               For
               Baths
               there
               are
               great
               ruines
               of
               those
               of
               1.
               
               Diocletian
               ,
               wherein
               there
               were
               seats
               for
               3200
               persons
               to
               bathe
               themselves
               without
               seeing
               or
               hindering
               one
               another
               ;
               in
               the
               building
               of
               which
               he
               is
               said
               to
               have
               employed
               40000
               Christians
               for
               15
               years
               together
               .
               2.
               
               
                 Antoninus
                 Caracalla
              
               ,
               in
               which
               were
               1600
               seats
               or
               closets
               of
               polished
               marble
               .
               These
               were
               those
               
                 Thermae
                 in
                 modum
                 Provinciarum
                 extructae
              
               .
               Besides
               there
               are
               some
               ruines
               remaining
               of
               3.
               
               The
               Thermae
               of
               Titus
               .
               4.
               
               Of
               Agrippa
               ,
               near
               the
               Rotonda
               ,
               called
               Ciambella
               .
               5.
               
               Of
               Constantine
               near
               S.
               Sylvesters
               .
               6.
               
               Of
               Nero
               near
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               Eustachius
               .
               7.
               
               Of
               
                 Paulus
                 Aemilius
              
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               
                 Monte
                 cavallo
              
               ,
               called
               Magnanapoli
               .
               Many
               others
               there
               were
               anciently
               of
               which
               now
               scarce
               any
               foot-steps
               to
               be
               seen
               .
            
             
               Fifthly
               ,
               Of
               Aquaeducts
               the
               Author
               of
               
                 Roma
                 antica
                 &
                 moderna
              
               mentions
               4
               ,
               of
               which
               something
               remains
               ,
               viz.
               that
               of
               1.
               the
               
                 Aqua
                 Martia
              
               brought
               37
               miles
               ,
               2.
               the
               
                 Aqua
                 Claudia
              
               ,
               brought
               35.
               
               Upon
               the
               gates
               called
               
                 Porta
                 di
                 S.
                 Lorenzo
              
               and
               
                 Porta
                 maggiore
              
               there
               are
               ancient
               inscriptions
               signifying
               what
               Emperours
               reparied
               and
               built
               these
               Aquaeducts
               .
               3.
               
               The
               Appia
               ,
               brought
               8
               miles
               .
               4.
               
               The
               
                 Aqua
                 Virginis
              
               brought
               also
               8
               miles
               ,
               which
               was
               repaired
               by
               Pope
               Nicholas
               V
               ,
               and
               is
               yet
               made
               use
               of
               ,
               being
               called
               
                 Fonte
                 di
                 Trivio
              
               .
               Of
               new
               Aquaeducts
               there
               are
               two
               very
               stately
               ones
               built
               by
               late
               Popes
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               two
               following
               inscriptions
               will
               give
               the
               Reader
               an
               account
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       
                         I.
                         
                      
                       
                         Sixtus
                         V.
                         
                         Pont.
                         max.
                         Picenus
                         
                         Aquam
                         ex
                         agro
                         Columnae
                         
                         Viâ
                         Praenest
                         .
                         sinistrorsum
                         
                         Multarum
                         collectione
                         venarum
                         
                         Ductu
                         sinuoso
                         à
                         receptaculo
                         
                         Mill.
                         XX.
                         à
                         Capite
                         XXII
                         Adduxit
                         :
                         
                         Foelicémque
                         de
                         nomine
                         
                         Ant.
                         Pont.
                         dixit
                         .
                         
                         Coepit
                         anno
                         Ì.
                         absolvit
                         III.
                         
                         MDLXXXVII
                         .
                         
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         II.
                         
                      
                       
                         Paulus
                         V
                         Pontifex
                         maximus
                         aquàm
                         in
                         agro
                         Braccianensi
                         saluberrimis
                         è
                         fontibus
                         collectam
                         ,
                         veteribus
                         aquoe
                         Alseatinae
                         ductibus
                         restitutis
                         novisque
                         additis
                         XXXV
                         ab
                         Vrbe
                         milliario
                         duxit
                         ,
                         Anno
                         Domini
                         MDCXII
                         .
                         Pontificatus
                         sui
                         septimo
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               Sixthly
               ,
               Obelisks
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               nine
               ,
               1.
               
               That
               
               in
               the
               Piazza
               within
               the
               
                 Porta
                 del
                 Popolo
              
               .
               It
               stood
               anciently
               in
               the
               
                 Circus
                 maximus
              
               ,
               but
               being
               fallen
               down
               and
               broken
               in
               several
               pieces
               was
               by
               the
               appointment
               and
               at
               the
               charge
               of
               Sixtus
               V
               taken
               out
               thence
               ,
               and
               the
               several
               pieces
               being
               handsomely
               set
               together
               again
               ,
               erected
               heer
               upon
               a
               fair
               pedestal
               ;
               on
               each
               side
               of
               which
               it
               hath
               an
               inscription
               ;
               two
               ancient
               ones
               on
               the
               opposite
               sides
               in
               the
               same
               words
               ,
               viz.
               
               
                 Imp.
                 Caesar
                 Divi
                 F.
                 
                 Augustus
                 
                 Pontifex
                 maximus
                 
                 Imp.
                 XII
                 .
                 Cos
                 .
                 XI
                 .
                 Trib.
                 Pot.
                 XIV
                 
                 Aegypto
                 in
                 potestatem
                 
                 Populi
                 Romani
                 redact
                 .
                 
                 Soli
                 donum
                 dedit
                 .
              
               
               two
               modern
               ones
               on
               the
               other
               two
               sides
               :
               on
               one
               this
               ,
               
                 Sixtus
                 V
                 Pont.
                 max.
                 
                 Obeliseum
                 hunc
                 
                 A
                 Caesare
                 Aug.
                 Soli
                 
                 In
                 Circo
                 max.
                 ritu
                 
                 Dicatum
                 impio
                 ,
                 
                 Miserandâ
                 ruinâ
                 
                 Fractum
                 obrutúmque
                 
                 Erui
                 ,
                 transferri
                 ,
                 
                 Formae
                 suae
                 reddi
                 ,
                 
                 Crucique
                 invictiss
                 .
                 
                 Dedicari
                 jussit
                 .
                 
                 A.
                 MDLXXXIX
                 .
                 Pont.
                 IV.
                 
              
               On
               the
               other
               this
               ,
               
                 Ante
                 Sacram
                 
                 Illius
                 aedem
                 
                 Augustior
                 
                 Laetiórque
                 surgo
                 
                 Cujus
                 ex
                 utero
                 
                 Virginali
                 
                 Aug.
                 imperante
                 
                 Sol
                 Justitiae
                 
                 Exortus
                 est
                 .
              
               It
               is
               engraven
               on
               each
               side
               with
               3
               rows
               of
               Hieroglyphics
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               in
               the
               Piazza
               before
               Saint
               
               Peter's
               Church
               ,
               the
               only
               one
               that
               still
               remains
               intire
               and
               unbroken
               .
               It
               was
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Circus
               of
               Caligula
               and
               Nero
               ,
               and
               set
               up
               by
               
                 Dominicus
                 Fontana
              
               ,
               by
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               charge
               of
               Pope
               Sixtus
               V
               ,
               as
               were
               also
               those
               of
               
                 S.
                 Maria
                 maggiore
              
               and
               
                 S.
                 Job
                 .
                 Lateran
              
               This
               obelisk
               hath
               no
               Hieroglyphics
               upon
               it
               ,
               is
               72
               foot
               high
               besides
               the
               pedestal
               ,
               in
               all
               108
               ,
               said
               to
               weigh
               (
               according
               to
               Lassels
               )
               956148
               pounds
               .
               Of
               the
               manner
               of
               taking
               up
               and
               rearing
               this
               stone
               ,
               and
               the
               engines
               employed
               about
               it
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               particular
               book
               written
               .
               The
               4
               modern
               Inscriptions
               on
               the
               4
               faces
               of
               the
               pedestal
               ,
               and
               the
               ancient
               one
               on
               the
               obelisk
               it self
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               
                 Roma
                 antica
                 &
                 moderna
              
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               That
               of
               S.
               
                 Joan.
                 Lateran
              
               having
               3
               rows
               or
               files
               of
               Hieroglyphics
               on
               each
               side
               it
               .
               This
               is
               the
               greatest
               of
               all
               the
               obelisks
               in
               Rome
               ,
               being
               112
               foot
               long
               besides
               the
               base
               ,
               an
               at
               the
               base
               9
               1
               /
               2
               feet
               thick
               one
               way
               and
               8
               foot
               the
               other
               .
               Who
               brought
               it
               to
               Rome
               and
               where
               it
               was
               set
               up
               ,
               this
               Inscription
               upon
               it
               will
               acquaint
               the
               Reader
               .
            
             
               
               Fl.
               Constantius
               Aug.
               Constantini
               Aug.
               F.
               obeliscum
               à
               patre
               loco
               suo
               motum
               ,
               diúque
               Alexandriae
               jacentem
               trecentorum
               remigum
               impositum
               navi
               mirandae
               vastitatis
               per
               mare
               ,
               Tiberimque
               magnis
               molibus
               Roman
               convectum
               in
               circo
               maximo
               ponendum
               curavit
               S.
               P.
               Q.
               R.
               D.
               D.
               
            
             
               It
               was
               broken
               into
               several
               pieces
               but
               is
               well
               mended
               and
               set
               together
               again
               ,
               and
               the
               wanting
               Hieroglyphics
               supplied
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               That
               of
               S.
               
                 Maria
                 maggiore
              
               ,
               lesser
               then
               any
               of
               the
               forementioned
               ,
               having
               on
               it
               no
               hieroglyphics
               .
               It
               was
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Mausoleum
               of
               Augustus
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               That
               of
               the
               
                 Piazza
                 Navona
              
               ,
               erected
               by
               Pope
               Innocent
               X.
               It
               was
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Circus
               of
               Caracalla
               ,
               is
               the
               least
               of
               all
               the
               forementioned
               by
               much
               ,
               having
               but
               one
               row
               of
               hieroglyphics
               .
               Of
               this
               
                 Athan.
                 Kircher
              
               hath
               written
               a
               book
               in
               folio
               ,
               which
               he
               calls
               
                 Obeliscus
                 Pamphylius
              
               ,
               from
               the
               Popes
               name
               to
               whom
               he
               dedicates
               it
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               That
               of
               S.
               Mahuto
               fast
               by
               the
               Jesuites
               Church
               .
               It
               seems
               to
               be
               but
               a
               small
               piece
               of
               the
               top
               of
               an
               obelisk
               broken
               off
               ;
               it
               is
               engraven
               with
               hieroglyphics
               ,
               and
               set
               up
               negligently
               on
               4
               rude
               stones
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               That
               in
               the
               Garden
               of
               the
               Medici
               :
               it
               is
               full
               of
               hieroglyphics
               ,
               and
               set
               upon
               a
               base
               without
               any
               inscription
               .
               It
               is
               but
               a
               small
               thing
               ,
               and
               seems
               to
               have
               been
               only
               the
               top
               of
               a
               broken
               one
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               That
               in
               the
               Garden
               of
               the
               Mattei
               ,
               given
               them
               by
               the
               Senate
               and
               people
               of
               Rome
               .
               This
               also
               is
               a
               small
               one
               ,
               and
               broken
               in
               two
               pieces
               ,
               whereof
               the
               uppermost
               hath
               toward
               the
               top
               some
               hieroglyphics
               ,
               the
               lower
               piece
               hath
               none
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               In
               the
               Court
               of
               the
               Palace
               of
               the
               Prince
               of
               Paloestrina
               of
               the
               family
               of
               the
               Barberini
               lieth
               an
               obelisk
               broken
               in
               3
               pieces
               ,
               engraven
               with
               hieroglyphics
               ,
               which
               its
               like
               was
               longer
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               
                 Roma
                 antica
              
               mentions
               another
               standing
               at
               
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               stairs
               in
               the
               Palace
               of
               the
               Vrsini
               in
               the
               
                 Campo
                 di
                 fiore
              
               :
               but
               this
               we
               saw
               not
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               We
               were
               told
               of
               an
               obelisk
               lying
               in
               the
               
                 Campus
                 Martius
              
               under
               a
               row
               of
               houses
               ,
               as
               big
               if
               not
               bigger
               then
               any
               of
               those
               already
               erected
               ,
               and
               supposed
               to
               continue
               intire
               and
               unbroken
               .
            
             
               These
               obelisks
               ,
               all
               that
               are
               engraven
               with
               hieroglyphics
               ,
               are
               of
               one
               and
               the
               same
               kind
               of
               stone
               ,
               viz.
               a
               marble
               of
               a
               mingled
               colour
               red
               and
               white
               ,
               which
               some
               call
               very
               hard
               ,
               and
               which
               hath
               not
               in
               so
               many
               ages
               suffered
               the
               least
               by
               the
               weather
               .
               As
               for
               the
               figure
               of
               them
               they
               are
               made
               taper-wise
               ,
               lessening
               from
               the
               basis
               to
               the
               vertex
               by
               little
               and
               little
               ,
               so
               that
               indeed
               they
               are
               not
               much
               unlike
               a
               spit
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               took
               their
               name
               .
               Yet
               are
               they
               not
               continued
               till
               they
               terminate
               in
               a
               point
               ;
               but
               when
               they
               are
               become
               too
               small
               to
               engrave
               more
               hieroglyphics
               upon
               ,
               the
               tops
               are
               cut
               into
               the
               form
               of
               an
               obtuse
               pyramid
               .
               It
               is
               said
               ,
               and
               I
               think
               truly
               ,
               that
               the
               hieroglyphics
               engraven
               upon
               these
               obelisks
               are
               from
               the
               bottom
               to
               the
               top
               greater
               and
               greater
               by
               degrees
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               lowermost
               and
               the
               rest
               all
               along
               to
               the
               uppermost
               appear
               to
               the
               spectator
               of
               equal
               bigness
               .
            
             
               
               Seventhly
               ,
               
               Of
               
                 triumphal
                 Arches
              
               there
               are
               yet
               remaining
               that
               of
               
                 Septimius
                 Severus
              
               ;
               that
               of
               
                 Titus
                 Vespasian
              
               ;
               that
               of
               Constantine
               the
               Great
               ;
               that
               in
               the
               Cow-market
               called
               the
               Goldsmiths
               Arch
               erected
               to
               
                 Septimius
                 Severus
              
               his
               son
               Antoninus
               :
               that
               of
               G●llienus
               and
               Salonina
               commonly
               called
               the
               Arch
               of
               S.
               Vito
               .
               As
               for
               the
               Arch
               called
               
                 Arco
                 di
                 Portogallo
              
               in
               the
               
                 Via
                 Flaminia
              
               ,
               mentioned
               in
               
                 Roma
                 antica
              
               ,
               it
               is
               I
               suppose
               demolished
               ,
               for
               we
               could
               find
               nothing
               of
               it
               .
               The
               inscriptions
               upon
               these
               arches
               ,
               and
               the
               places
               where
               they
               stand
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               the
               book
               entituled
               
                 Roma
                 antica
                 &
                 moderna
              
               .
            
             
               
               Eighthly
               ,
               
               Of
               pillars
               beside
               such
               as
               belonged
               to
               temples
               there
               are
               4
               remaining
               .
               1.
               
               The
               
                 Columna
                 milliaria
              
               ,
               
               which
               stood
               in
               the
               
                 Forum
                 Romanum
              
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               in
               the
               center
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               began
               to
               reckon
               the
               distance
               from
               Rome
               to
               all
               parts
               .
               This
               pillar
               is
               marked
               toward
               the
               top
               with
               this
               numeral
               letter
               I
               ,
               of
               a
               great
               bigness
               ,
               signifying
               one
               or
               the
               first
               stone
               ,
               and
               upon
               every
               public
               way
               at
               a
               miles
               end
               was
               set
               up
               a
               second
               stone
               marked
               II
               ,
               and
               so
               in
               order
               at
               every
               miles
               end
               a
               stone
               marked
               with
               the
               number
               of
               the
               miles
               of
               its
               distance
               from
               Rome
               :
               So
               that
               
                 ad
                 secundum
                 lapidem
              
               signified
               at
               one
               miles
               distance
               from
               this
               pillar
               ;
               
                 ad
                 tertium
              
               two
               ,
               and
               so
               on
               .
            
             
               This
               pillar
               is
               not
               considerable
               for
               its
               greatness
               but
               only
               for
               the
               use
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               ancient
               inscriptions
               upon
               it
               .
               It
               is
               now
               set
               up
               on
               one
               side
               of
               the
               Area
               of
               the
               Capitol
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               
                 Columna
                 rostrata
              
               ,
               erected
               in
               the
               
                 Forum
                 Romanum
              
               to
               
                 C.
                 Duilius
              
               ,
               who
               obtained
               a
               victory
               over
               the
               Carthaginians
               in
               a
               Sea-fight
               .
               There
               is
               upon
               it
               a
               long
               inscription
               in
               old
               Latine
               ,
               full
               of
               lacunae
               ,
               and
               hardly
               intelligible
               ;
               which
               as
               it
               is
               supplied
               and
               made
               out
               may
               be
               seen
               in
               
                 Roma
                 antica
              
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               
                 Columna
                 Trajana
              
               or
               pillar
               of
               Trajan
               of
               white
               marble
               ,
               still
               standing
               ever
               since
               its
               first
               erection
               .
               It
               is
               128
               foot
               high
               beside
               the
               base
               ,
               which
               is
               of
               12
               feet
               .
               Within
               it
               is
               hollow
               and
               hath
               a
               pair
               of
               winding
               stairs
               of
               192
               steps
               ,
               whereby
               one
               may
               ascend
               to
               the
               top
               ,
               and
               there
               are
               in
               it
               44
               little
               windows
               to
               give
               light
               .
               It
               is
               made
               up
               of
               24
               stones
               ,
               and
               every
               stone
               hath
               in
               it
               8
               steps
               .
               On
               it
               are
               carved
               in
               an
               
                 helical
                 area
              
               ,
               compassing
               the
               pillar
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               a
               screw
               from
               top
               to
               bottom
               ,
               the
               exploits
               and
               atchievements
               of
               Trajan
               in
               his
               Dacic
               expedition
               ,
               &c.
               
               The
               pedestel
               of
               this
               pillar
               was
               all
               buried
               under
               ground
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               seen
               ,
               till
               they
               dug
               about
               it
               and
               laid
               it
               open
               by
               the
               order
               of
               Pope
               Paul
               the
               III.
               Upon
               it
               are
               inscribed
               these
               words
               .
            
             
               
               S.
               P.
               Q.
               R.
               Imp.
               Caesari
               Divi
               Nervae
               F.
               Nervae
               Trajano
               Aug.
               Germ.
               Dacico
               ,
               Pont.
               maximo
               ,
               Trib.
               Potest
               XVI
               .
               Imp.
               VI.
               Cos.
               VI.
               PP
               .
               ad
               declarandum
               quantae
               ●ltitudinis
               mons
               &
               locus
               tantis
               operibus
               sit
               egestus
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               pillar
               of
               Antoninus
               ,
               much
               like
               the
               former
               ,
               175
               foot
               high
               ,
               ascended
               by
               206
               steps
               and
               having
               56
               little
               windows
               .
               This
               pillar
               was
               broken
               and
               miserably
               defaced
               ;
               but
               by
               Pope
               Sixtus
               V
               mended
               and
               restored
               to
               its
               pristine
               form
               .
               Vide
               
                 Roma
                 antica
              
               .
            
             
               
               Ninthly
               ,
               
               Of
               Mausolaea
               ,
               there
               are
               only
               that
               of
               Augustus
               and
               the
               moles
               of
               Adrian
               ,
               now
               called
               Castle
               
                 S.
                 Angela
              
               .
            
             
               
               Tenthly
               ,
               
               Of
               Statues
               there
               are
               an
               infinite
               number
               in
               the
               palaces
               and
               gardens
               about
               Town
               ,
               both
               ancient
               and
               modern
               :
               I
               believe
               more
               then
               in
               all
               Europe
               besides
               .
               Some
               of
               the
               most
               famous
               and
               esteemed
               are
               ,
               the
               
                 Equestris
                 Statua
              
               in
               brass
               of
               
                 M.
                 Aurelius
                 Antoninus
                 Pius
              
               ,
               now
               standing
               in
               the
               area
               of
               the
               Capitol
               .
               The
               statues
               of
               the
               two
               horses
               with
               men
               by
               them
               in
               stone
               ,
               now
               standing
               upon
               the
               
                 Mous
                 Quirinalis
              
               which
               is
               thence
               called
               
                 Monte
                 Cavallo
              
               .
               The
               statues
               of
               Laocoon
               ,
               the
               trunk
               of
               Hercules
               ,
               and
               Cleopatra
               ,
               in
               the
               Popes
               garden
               called
               Belvedere
               .
               The
               famous
               statue
               of
               the
               Bull
               in
               the
               D.
               of
               
               Parma's
               palace
               ,
               called
               ,
               II
               Toro
               di
               Farnesi
               .
               The
               incomparable
               statue
               of
               Venus
               in
               the
               Duke
               of
               
               Tuscany's
               villa
               ,
               made
               by
               Apollodorus
               the
               
                 Athenian
                 .
                 Venus
                 verecunda
              
               ib.
               Marsyas
               hung
               up
               by
               the
               hands
               ,
               ib.
               The
               Wrestlers
               ,
               ib.
               The
               Countrey-man
               who
               discovered
               
               Catiline's
               conspiracy
               in
               a
               sitting
               posture
               with
               a
               wood-knife
               in
               his
               hand
               ,
               ib.
               The
               statue
               of
               Meleager
               in
               the
               palace
               of
               the
               Pichini
               .
               The
               statue
               of
               Pasquin
               ,
               whereon
               the
               Libels
               use
               to
               be
               fastned
               .
               The
               statue
               of
               the
               fellow
               plucking
               a
               thorn
               out
               of
               his
               foot
               in
               the
               Capitol
               .
               The
               statue
               of
               the
               sheewoolf
               giving
               suck
               to
               Romulus
               and
               Remus
               in
               brass
               ,
               esteemed
               the
               ancientest
               in
               Rome
               .
               The
               Gladiator
               in
               
               white
               marble
               worth
               its
               weight
               in
               gold
               ,
               in
               the
               
                 Villa
                 Borghese
              
               .
               A
               copy
               of
               this
               in
               brass
               stands
               in
               S.
               
               James's
               Park
               ,
               London
               .
               Two
               statues
               resembling
               friendship
               ,
               in
               the
               
                 Villa
                 Ludovisia
              
               .
            
             
               Of
               Altar-stones
               ,
               grave-stones
               and
               other
               stones
               
               with
               inscriptions
               there
               is
               great
               plenty
               in
               all
               quarters
               of
               the
               City
               .
            
             
               Of
               ancient
               Medals
               and
               Entaglie
               there
               are
               daily
               
               digged
               up
               store
               ;
               
               and
               no
               wonder
               it
               is
               ,
               this
               having
               been
               the
               seat
               of
               the
               Empire
               so
               long
               .
               They
               are
               to
               be
               sold
               in
               many
               shops
               ,
               and
               I
               have
               frequently
               seen
               of
               them
               lying
               upon
               the
               stalls
               in
               the
               market-places
               .
               Divers
               also
               of
               the
               Virtuosi
               have
               collected
               whole
               series
               of
               imperial
               medals
               .
            
             
               Of
               sepulchral
               urns
               of
               several
               fashions
               and
               magnitudes
               ,
               
               some
               made
               of
               earth
               ,
               
               some
               of
               stone
               ,
               there
               are
               abundance
               to
               be
               seen
               in
               the
               ville
               ,
               gardens
               and
               palaces
               of
               the
               great
               persons
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Cabinets
               of
               the
               Virtuosi
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               sacrificing
               vessels
               and
               instruments
               ,
               lachrymal
               
               urns
               ,
               ancient
               lamps
               ,
               rings
               ,
               fibulae
               ,
               and
               other
               implements
               ,
               
                 tesserae
                 hospitalitatis
              
               ,
               weights
               ,
               &c.
               several
               antiquaries
               there
               are
               in
               town
               ,
               who
               have
               likewise
               made
               collections
               of
               them
               ;
               as
               
                 Leonardus
                 Augustinus
              
               the
               then
               Popes
               Antiquary
               ,
               and
               
                 John
                 Petro
                 Bellori
              
               ,
               a
               very
               ingenious
               person
               and
               skilful
               in
               Antiquities
               ,
               who
               shew'd
               us
               a
               great
               number
               of
               these
               things
               and
               very
               well
               conserved
               .
               That
               worthy
               and
               ingenious
               Gentleman
               Cavalier
               
                 Carlo
                 Antonio
                 dal
                 Pozzo
              
               shew'd
               us
               some
               20
               volumes
               in
               folio
               ,
               wherein
               were
               the
               figures
               of
               most
               of
               the
               Antiquities
               in
               and
               about
               Rome
               ,
               drawn
               exactly
               by
               the
               hand
               .
               In
               one
               of
               these
               were
               all
               the
               vessels
               and
               instruments
               used
               about
               sacrificing
               .
               In
               others
               of
               them
               we
               noted
               the
               
                 Crepundia
                 antiqua
              
               ,
               which
               were
               little
               images
               made
               of
               earth
               like
               children
               ,
               hares
               ,
               apes
               ,
               &c.
               found
               in
               urns
               .
               The
               Sistrum
               of
               Cavalier
               Gualdi
               figured
               in
               
                 Roma
                 Antica
              
               :
               Ancient
               Staterae
               ;
               ancient
               weights
               .
               Of
               these
               ancient
               weights
               we
               
               saw
               in
               the
               museum
               of
               
                 Leonardus
                 Augustinus
              
               some
               made
               of
               a
               dark
               red
               stone
               handsomely
               polished
               ,
               of
               the
               figure
               of
               Holland
               cheeses
               ,
               and
               of
               several
               magnitudes
               ,
               marked
               on
               one
               side
               with
               the
               number
               of
               ounces
               or
               pounds
               which
               they
               weighed
               .
               Of
               these
               weights
               I
               have
               seen
               two
               in
               the
               Church
               of
               S.
               
                 Maria
                 in
                 Cosmedin
              
               ,
               called
               
                 Schola
                 Graeca
              
               ,
               and
               two
               in
               the
               Church
               of
               
                 S.
                 Maria
                 in
                 Trastevere
              
               of
               the
               bigness
               of
               good
               large
               Holland
               cheeses
               ,
               which
               they
               have
               a
               tradition
               and
               have
               inscribed
               on
               the
               wall
               where
               they
               were
               hung
               up
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               stones
               that
               the
               heathens
               hung
               at
               the
               feet
               of
               Christian
               Martyrs
               when
               they
               suffered
               ,
               to
               stretch
               and
               torment
               them
               .
               A
               medal
               with
               the
               figure
               of
               a
               talus
               on
               one
               side
               and
               on
               the
               other
               this
               inscription
               ,
               
                 Qui
                 ludit
                 arrham
                 det
                 quod
                 satis
                 sit
              
               The
               ancient
               Fritillus
               or
               dice-box
               ,
               like
               those
               now
               in
               use
               .
               The
               ancient
               Strigiles
               :
               A
               medal
               of
               that
               sort
               that
               was
               used
               to
               be
               hung
               about
               slaves
               necks
               ,
               having
               on
               the
               one
               side
               the
               figure
               of
               the
               wolf
               with
               Romulus
               and
               Remus
               hanging
               at
               her
               paps
               ;
               on
               the
               other
               in
               3
               concentrical
               circles
               these
               words
               ,
               
                 Tene
                 me
                 nè
                 fugiam
                 &
                 revoca
                 me
                 in
                 foro
                 Trajani
                 purpuretica
                 ad
                 Pascasium
                 Dominum
                 meum
                 .
              
               A
               drinking
               glass
               made
               like
               a
               Priapus
               ,
               which
               explains
               that
               of
               the
               Poet
               ,
               
                 Vitreo
                 bibit
                 ille
                 Priapo
              
               .
               The
               ancient
               timbrel
               ,
               like
               those
               we
               have
               seen
               used
               now
               a
               days
               .
               It
               is
               made
               in
               fashion
               of
               a
               sieve
               ,
               the
               bottom
               of
               it
               on
               which
               they
               strike
               ,
               of
               vellum
               ,
               the
               rim
               of
               wood
               ,
               having
               several
               long
               holes
               or
               crannies
               in
               it
               ,
               wherein
               are
               hung
               round
               pieces
               of
               brass
               like
               great
               medals
               upon
               their
               centers
               ;
               besides
               there
               is
               a
               string
               cross
               the
               instrument
               hung
               full
               of
               bells
               .
            
             
               Rome
               is
               a
               large
               City
               ,
               but
               seemed
               to
               us
               not
               so
               populous
               as
               either
               
                 Venice
                 ,
                 Milan
              
               or
               Naples
               :
               they
               reckon
               the
               number
               of
               inhabitants
               to
               be
               about
               120000
               souls
               besides
               strangers
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               are
               a
               great
               number
               always
               heer
               .
               The
               extent
               of
               the
               walls
               is
               greater
               than
               of
               any
               City
               in
               
                 Europe
                 ,
                 viz.
              
               13
               miles
               ;
               but
               they
               take
               in
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               wast
               ground
               .
               The
               City
               is
               now
               
               crept
               down
               from
               the
               hills
               (
               upon
               which
               the
               chief
               of
               it
               formerly
               stood
               )
               into
               a
               valley
               by
               the
               rivers
               side
               surrounded
               with
               hills
               .
               It
               is
               generally
               well
               built
               ;
               many
               of
               the
               streets
               straight
               and
               adorned
               with
               a
               great
               number
               of
               stately
               palaces
               scattered
               up
               and
               down
               all
               over
               the
               town
               ;
               full
               of
               Monasteries
               and
               Churches
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               say
               of
               all
               sorts
               there
               are
               above
               300.
               
               It
               is
               well
               served
               with
               all
               provisions
               for
               the
               belly
               :
               yet
               are
               not
               things
               generally
               so
               cheap
               there
               as
               either
               at
               Naples
               or
               Florence
               .
               Their
               beef
               (
               as
               I
               intimated
               before
               )
               is
               very
               good
               ,
               not
               much
               inferiour
               to
               ours
               in
               England
               .
               Before
               they
               kill
               their
               beasts
               they
               put
               them
               in
               a
               great
               heat
               and
               chafe
               ,
               for
               the
               same
               reason
               I
               suppose
               that
               we
               hunt
               Deer
               and
               bait
               Bulls
               in
               
                 England
                 ,
                 viz.
              
               to
               make
               the
               flesh
               eat
               more
               tender
               and
               short
               ,
               which
               yet
               spoils
               the
               colour
               of
               the
               meat
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               mens
               judgment
               the
               taste
               too
               ,
               disposing
               it
               to
               putrefaction
               .
               Their
               sucking
               veal
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 vitella
                 mungana
              
               ,
               they
               imagine
               all
               Europe
               cannot
               parallel
               for
               goodness
               and
               delicacy
               .
               Their
               kid
               or
               Caprette
               is
               also
               accounted
               very
               good
               meat
               ;
               and
               so
               is
               their
               Swines-flesh
               .
               Their
               Mutton
               is
               the
               least
               commendable
               ,
               as
               being
               for
               the
               most
               part
               tough
               and
               dry
               .
               Tame
               fowl
               they
               have
               as
               good
               and
               savory
               as
               in
               any
               place
               ,
               
                 v.
                 g.
                 Hens
                 ,
                 Capons
                 ,
                 Turkeys
                 ,
                 tame
                 Pigeons
                 .
              
               Geese
               are
               seldom
               heer
               to
               be
               sold
               ▪
               Plenty
               also
               there
               is
               of
               wild
               foul
               of
               the
               best
               sorts
               ,
               and
               cheap
               enough
               ,
               as
               Partridge
               of
               two
               kinds
               ,
               the
               common
               and
               red
               legg'd
               Partridge
               ,
               Wood-cocks
               ,
               Snipes
               ,
               Duck
               and
               Mallard
               ,
               Wigeon
               ,
               Teal
               ,
               Gray
               ,
               green
               and
               bastard
               Plover
               ,
               Curlews
               ,
               Quails
               .
               Of
               small
               birds
               the
               greatest
               plenty
               that
               I
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               ,
               as
               Thrushes
               in
               winter
               time
               an
               incredible
               number
               ,
               Blackbirds
               store
               ,
               Larks
               infinite
               .
               One
               would
               think
               that
               in
               a
               short
               time
               they
               should
               destroy
               all
               the
               birds
               of
               these
               kinds
               in
               the
               Countrey
               .
               For
               besides
               that
               you
               never
               fail
               of
               great
               numbers
               of
               them
               in
               all
               the
               Poulterers
               shops
               ,
               there
               is
               every
               afternoon
               a
               market
               of
               small
               birds
               wherein
               they
               are
               sold
               by
               the
               Countrey
               people
               .
               
               Besides
               the
               forementioned
               there
               are
               sometimes
               to
               be
               sold
               
                 Cranes
                 ,
                 wild
                 Geese
                 ,
                 Shell-drakes
                 ,
                 Avosettae
                 ,
                 Water
                 Hens
                 ,
                 Berganders
              
               and
               several
               other
               sorts
               of
               wild
               fowl
               .
               I
               have
               seen
               lying
               frequently
               in
               the
               Poulterers
               shops
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               presume
               some
               people
               eat
               them
               ,
               such
               Birds
               as
               in
               England
               no
               man
               touches
               ,
               viz.
               Kites
               ,
               Buzzards
               ,
               Spar-hawks
               ,
               Kestrels
               ,
               Jayes
               ,
               Magpies
               and
               Wood-peckers
               .
               Nothing
               more
               commonly
               sold
               and
               eaten
               heer
               and
               in
               all
               Italy
               ,
               than
               Coots
               and
               Stares
               .
               They
               spare
               not
               the
               least
               and
               most
               innocent
               birds
               ,
               which
               we
               account
               scarce
               worth
               the
               dressing
               ,
               much
               less
               powder
               and
               shot
               ,
               
                 v.
                 g.
              
               Robin-red-breasts
               ,
               Finches
               of
               all
               kinds
               ,
               Titmise
               ,
               Wagtails
               ,
               Wrens
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               No
               want
               of
               fish
               either
               of
               fresh
               or
               salt
               water
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               sold
               commonly
               dearer
               than
               flesh
               ,
               as
               being
               brought
               a
               great
               way
               .
               Scarce
               any
               fish
               to
               be
               found
               any
               where
               on
               the
               coast
               of
               Italy
               but
               some
               time
               or
               other
               it
               may
               be
               met
               withal
               heer
               .
               Those
               that
               are
               the
               most
               frequent
               in
               the
               markets
               are
               ,
               of
               River
               or
               Fresh-water
               fish
               ,
               Pike
               ,
               Carp
               ,
               Tench
               ,
               Trout
               ,
               Eel
               ,
               Barble
               ,
               Chevin
               ,
               Dace
               .
               I
               do
               not
               remember
               that
               I
               ever
               saw
               a
               Perch
               to
               be
               sold
               in
               Rome
               .
               Of
               Sea-fish
               ,
               
                 Mullus
                 antiquorum
              
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Triglia
               ,
               of
               which
               they
               have
               a
               Proverb
               ,
               
                 La
                 Triglia
                 non
                 mangia
                 chi
                 la
                 piglia
                 .
              
               He
               that
               takes
               the
               Triglia
               eats
               it
               not
               .
               This
               fish
               the
               French
               call
               Rouge
               from
               its
               colour
               ;
               and
               we
               in
               Cornwal
               (
               where
               I
               have
               seen
               of
               them
               taken
               )
               
                 Surmullet
                 .
                 Spiegole
              
               ,
               in
               Latine
               
                 Lupus
                 marinus
              
               ,
               of
               which
               kind
               I
               have
               not
               seen
               any
               in
               
                 England
                 ;
                 Orate
              
               ,
               Giltheads
               ;
               Cephali
               ,
               which
               we
               in
               English
               call
               Mullet
               ,
               the
               ancients
               called
               it
               Mugil
               ;
               Sarde
               ,
               a
               kind
               of
               Sprat
               ;
               Conger
               ;
               Lamprey
               ;
               Sole
               ;
               Plaise
               and
               others
               of
               the
               flat
               kind
               ;
               Merluzzos
               ,
               which
               we
               call
               Hake
               ;
               sometimes
               small
               sturgeons
               ;
               Dog-fish
               of
               several
               sorts
               ;
               Tuny
               and
               Sword-fish
               is
               also
               to
               be
               sold
               heer
               .
            
             
               Wild
               Boar
               and
               venison
               of
               wild
               Deer
               you
               shall
               seldom
               fa●l
               of
               ,
               to
               be
               sold
               in
               the
               Poulterers
               shops
               .
               Their
               wild
               Deer
               they
               call
               Capreole
               ,
               it
               is
               for
               the
               most
               part
               
               very
               lean
               ▪
               Porcupine
               also
               is
               sometimes
               to
               be
               sold
               in
               the
               markets
               .
            
             
               Oranges
               and
               Lemons
               are
               cheap
               in
               Rome
               ;
               Pears
               and
               Apples
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               good
               and
               large
               fruit
               ,
               dear
               ,
               they
               sell
               them
               by
               weight
               heer
               ,
               as
               they
               do
               generally
               all
               over
               Italy
               .
            
             
               Their
               bread
               is
               very
               good
               and
               light
               notwithstanding
               they
               use
               no
               yeast
               to
               raise
               it
               ,
               and
               cheaper
               than
               ours
               in
               England
               .
               And
               heer
               by
               the
               way
               it
               may
               not
               be
               amiss
               to
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               the
               use
               of
               yeast
               for
               the
               raising
               and
               fermenting
               of
               bread
               in
               these
               Northern
               Countries
               hath
               been
               very
               ancient
               .
               I
               find
               mention
               of
               it
               in
               
                 Pliny
                 ,
                 lib.
              
               18.
               cap.
               6.
               who
               thereupon
               gives
               their
               bread
               the
               preeminence
               for
               lightness
               .
               Galliae
               ,
               saith
               he
               ,
               
                 &
                 Hispaniae
                 frumento
                 in
                 potum
                 resoluto
                 ,
                 quibus
                 diximus
                 generibus
                 ,
                 spumâ
                 itâ
                 concretâ
                 pro
                 fermento
                 utuntur
                 .
                 Quâ
                 de
                 causâ
                 levior
                 illis
                 quàm
                 caeteris
                 panis
                 est
                 .
              
            
             
               Heer
               is
               great
               variety
               of
               Wines
               :
               more
               sorts
               commonly
               sold
               than
               in
               any
               other
               City
               of
               Italy
               :
               as
               
                 Greco
                 ,
                 Lagrime
              
               or
               
                 Naples
                 ,
                 Languedoc
              
               wine
               ,
               wine
               of
               Syragusa
               and
               Augusta
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 Orvietano
                 ,
                 Jensano
                 ,
                 Monte
                 Pulciano
                 ,
                 di
                 Monte
                 fiascone
                 ,
                 Castelii
                 ,
                 Romano
                 ,
              
               and
               which
               is
               most
               commonly
               drunk
               ,
               Albano
               .
               Most
               of
               the
               wines
               are
               sweet
               and
               full-bodied
               ,
               and
               will
               bear
               half
               water
               .
               Sweet
               wines
               they
               call
               abboccati
               and
               rough
               wines
               asciuti
               .
               They
               have
               little
               wine
               so
               harsh
               and
               rough
               upon
               the
               palate
               as
               our
               French
               Claret
               and
               Florence
               red
               wine
               ,
               though
               those
               also
               are
               to
               be
               had
               heer
               .
               Their
               Olives
               are
               small
               ,
               but
               good
               and
               sweet
               .
               They
               have
               plenty
               of
               Wall-nuts
               and
               Hazel-nuts
               ,
               and
               other
               fruits
               the
               same
               that
               we
               have
               .
               For
               Apples
               and
               Pears
               no
               Countrey
               hath
               better
               ,
               I
               had
               almost
               said
               so
               good
               as
               we
               in
               England
               .
               For
               Apricocks
               I
               tasted
               none
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               comparable
               to
               ours
               .
            
             
               Rome
               is
               noted
               for
               several
               commodities
               and
               manufactures
               ,
               as
               Viol
               and
               Lute-strings
               the
               best
               in
               Europe
               ;
               
               perfumed
               gloves
               ;
               combs
               made
               of
               Buffles
               horns
               ,
               womens
               fans
               ,
               Vitriol
               ,
               Essences
               .
            
             
               Commonly
               all
               strangers
               that
               travel
               thither
               buy
               of
               those
               things
               not
               for
               their
               use
               only
               ,
               but
               to
               make
               presents
               of
               to
               their
               friends
               .
            
             
               Heer
               is
               doubtless
               the
               best
               music
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               especially
               voices
               ,
               there
               being
               many
               Eunuchs
               and
               Nuns
               ,
               a
               great
               part
               of
               whose
               employment
               it
               is
               to
               sing
               in
               the
               Quire.
               
            
             
               For
               pictures
               of
               the
               best
               masters
               Rome
               excells
               all
               places
               ,
               there
               being
               more
               heer
               than
               I
               think
               in
               all
               Italy
               besides
               ,
               so
               that
               Rome
               is
               become
               the
               school
               of
               Painters
               ,
               who
               come
               from
               all
               parts
               of
               Europe
               hither
               to
               study
               and
               practise
               .
               At
               present
               Cavalier
               Bernini
               is
               the
               most
               noted
               and
               indeed
               only
               excellent
               Sculptor
               ,
               and
               
                 Pietro
                 de
                 ●ortona
              
               the
               most
               eminent
               painter
               .
            
             
               The
               ville
               (
               as
               they
               now
               call
               them
               )
               of
               the
               Princes
               and
               prime
               Nobility
               of
               Rome
               ,
               for
               gardens
               of
               flowers
               ,
               groves
               and
               thickets
               of
               trees
               ,
               cut
               hedges
               of
               Cypress
               ,
               
                 Alaternus
                 ▪
              
               Laurel
               ,
               Bay
               ,
               
                 Phillyrea
                 ,
                 Laurus
                 tinus
              
               and
               other
               semper-virent
               plants
               ,
               close
               and
               open
               walks
               of
               great
               length
               ,
               orchards
               of
               fruit-trees
               ,
               Labyrinths
               ,
               fountains
               and
               ingenious
               water-works
               ,
               Bird-cages
               ,
               statues
               and
               other
               ornaments
               ,
               especially
               their
               greatness
               (
               some
               being
               in
               compass
               3
               or
               4
               miles
               )
               excel
               the
               orchards
               ,
               gardens
               and
               walks
               of
               any
               Prince
               in
               Christendom
               that
               I
               have
               seen
               .
               Of
               these
               there
               are
               a
               great
               number
               ,
               but
               the
               chief
               of
               all
               are
               1.
               
               The
               
                 Villa
                 Borghese
              
               ,
               of
               which
               family
               was
               Pope
               Paul
               V.
               This
               is
               esteemed
               the
               best
               of
               all
               the
               villae
               and
               gardens
               about
               Rome
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               not
               so
               vast
               as
               2.
               the
               
                 villa
                 Pamphylia
              
               ,
               of
               which
               family
               was
               Pope
               innocent
               X.
               This
               is
               on
               the
               Janiculum
               without
               S.
               
               Pancras's
               gate
               and
               is
               said
               to
               be
               4
               miles
               in
               compass
               .
               3.
               
               The
               
                 Villa
                 Ludovisia
              
               belonging
               to
               the
               Prince
               Ludovisio
               ;
               of
               which
               family
               was
               Gregory
               XV.
               4.
               
               The
               Popes
               garden
               at
               the
               Vatican
               called
               Belvedere
               .
               5.
               
               The
               Popes
               garden
               at
               
                 monte
                 cavallo
              
               .
               6.
               
               The
               garden
               of
               the
               Grand
               Duke
               
               or
               the
               
                 villa
                 de
                 Medici
              
               .
               7.
               
               The
               garden
               of
               Montaltō
               .
               8.
               
               The
               garden
               of
               the
               Mattei
               .
               In
               all
               which
               there
               are
               little
               palaces
               furnished
               and
               adorned
               with
               excellent
               statues
               ,
               
                 bassi
                 rilievi
              
               ,
               pictures
               and
               other
               curiosities
               ,
               which
               I
               forbear
               to
               enumerate
               and
               describe
               at
               large
               ,
               that
               I
               may
               not
               spend
               time
               ,
               and
               waste
               paper
               in
               writing
               what
               few
               will
               think
               worth
               their
               while
               or
               pains
               to
               read
               ;
               and
               which
               hath
               already
               been
               published
               by
               Mr.
               Lassels
               in
               his
               voyage
               of
               Italy
               ,
               to
               which
               I
               refer
               the
               curious
               for
               further
               satisfaction
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               palaces
               and
               public
               buildings
               I
               shall
               say
               nothing
               ,
               only
               I
               cannot
               forbear
               a
               word
               or
               two
               of
               S.
               
               Peter's
               Church
               ,
               which
               is
               in
               my
               opinion
               the
               most
               stately
               ,
               sumptuous
               and
               magnificent
               structure
               that
               now
               doth
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               ever
               did
               stand
               upon
               the
               face
               of
               the
               earth
               .
               This
               was
               the
               only
               building
               that
               surprised
               me
               and
               exceeded
               my
               expectation
               ,
               being
               for
               a
               work
               of
               man
               the
               most
               pleasant
               and
               goodly
               ,
               not
               to
               say
               ravishing
               object
               that
               ever
               I
               beheld
               .
               The
               whole
               pile
               of
               that
               majestic
               bulk
               and
               greatness
               that
               it
               exceeds
               in
               all
               dimensions
               the
               most
               famous
               Temples
               mentioned
               by
               the
               ancients
               :
               being
               in
               length
               520
               foot
               (
               as
               Mr.
               Lassels
               tells
               us
               )
               and
               385
               in
               breadth
               :
               and
               in
               some
               ,
               the
               greatest
               Christian
               Churches
               ;
               for
               though
               it
               be
               not
               so
               long
               as
               S.
               
                 Pauls
                 London
              
               ,
               yet
               is
               it
               much
               broader
               ,
               and
               in
               that
               respect
               much
               handsomer
               ;
               the
               breadth
               being
               more
               proportionate
               to
               the
               length
               .
               The
               cupola
               of
               that
               marvellous
               highth
               and
               compass
               (
               the
               diameter
               thereof
               be●ng
               equal
               to
               that
               of
               the
               Pantheon
               )
               and
               sustaining
               on
               the
               top
               a
               huge
               stonelanthorn
               ,
               with
               great
               pillars
               of
               stone
               about
               it
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               well
               be
               accounted
               the
               boldest
               piece
               of
               Architecture
               (
               as
               he
               saith
               )
               that
               I
               think
               the
               world
               hath
               seen
               .
               The
               Roof
               arched
               or
               vaulted
               ,
               and
               the
               vault
               divided
               into
               great
               squares
               or
               panes
               like
               wainscot
               after
               the
               old
               Roman
               fashion
               ;
               the
               ribs
               and
               transverse
               borders
               which
               terminate
               those
               squares
               or
               pannels
               being
               channelled
               and
               richly
               gilded
               ,
               and
               the
               area
               of
               each
               square
               
               almost
               fill'd
               up
               with
               a
               gilt
               rose
               .
               The
               oval
               Portico
               encompassing
               a
               large
               area
               before
               the
               Church
               ,
               consisting
               of
               4
               rows
               of
               great
               stone
               pillars
               standing
               so
               thick
               that
               they
               show
               like
               a
               grove
               of
               great
               trees
               :
               The
               stately
               porch
               to
               which
               you
               ascend
               out
               of
               this
               area
               by
               24
               steps
               ;
               not
               to
               mention
               the
               incrustation
               of
               some
               part
               of
               the
               walls
               with
               polished
               marble
               ;
               the
               excellent
               statues
               ,
               stately
               Altars
               ,
               rare
               pictures
               and
               other
               ornaments
               ,
               render
               this
               Church
               truly
               admirable
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               respects
               I
               will
               not
               say
               comparable
               to
               but
               excelling
               the
               best
               in
               the
               world
               .
            
             
               During
               our
               stay
               at
               Rome
               we
               rode
               forth
               to
               see
               1.
               
               
                 Frescati
                 12
                 Italian
              
               miles
               distant
               ,
               anciently
               called
               Tusculum
               ,
               where
               Cicero
               had
               a
               villa
               or
               Countrey-house
               ,
               of
               which
               as
               yet
               they
               shew
               some
               remains
               .
               Heer
               are
               at
               present
               3
               noted
               ville
               ,
               1.
               
               That
               of
               the
               Borghesi
               with
               the
               palace
               called
               Mondragone
               ,
               and
               two
               others
               .
               2.
               
               The
               
                 Villa
                 Aldobrandina
              
               or
               Belvedere
               belonging
               to
               Prince
               Pamphylio
               .
               3.
               
               The
               
                 Villa
                 Ludovisia
              
               ;
               all
               of
               them
               for
               walks
               ,
               groves
               ,
               Labyrinths
               ,
               gardens
               and
               other
               ornaments
               not
               inferiour
               to
               the
               best
               about
               Rome
               ,
               and
               for
               cascates
               or
               falls
               of
               water
               ,
               wetting
               sports
               and
               other
               ingenious
               water-works
               ,
               beyond
               them
               .
               What
               we
               took
               more
               especial
               notice
               of
               ,
               as
               having
               not
               before
               seen
               ,
               was
               the
               imitation
               of
               a
               tempest
               or
               storm
               of
               thunder
               and
               rain
               .
               This
               artificial
               thunder
               they
               call
               Girandola
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Tivoli
               ,
               anciently
               Tibur
               ,
               18
               Italian
               miles
               off
               Rome
               .
               Of
               this
               City
               Horace
               was
               much
               enamoured
               ,
               praying
               that
               it
               might
               be
               the
               seat
               and
               retirement
               of
               his
               old
               age
               .
               
                 Tibur
                 Argeo
                 positum
                 colono
                 ,
                 Sit
                 meae
                 sedes
                 utinam
                 senectae
                 ,
                 Sit
                 modus
                 lasso
                 maris
                 &
                 viarum
                 militiaeque
                 .
              
               It
               stands
               like
               Frescati
               on
               the
               brow
               of
               a
               hill
               and
               overlooks
               the
               Campagna
               of
               Rome
               .
               Heer
               are
               some
               remains
               of
               ancient
               temples
               and
               other
               buildings
               ,
               and
               a
               remarkable
               cascate
               of
               the
               river
               Aniene
               or
               Teverone
               .
               The
               villa
               of
               Este
               for
               gardens
               and
               orchards
               ,
               walks
               and
               groves
               ,
               the
               Girandola
               and
               other
               
               water
               works
               is
               nothing
               inferiour
               to
               those
               at
               Frescati
               .
               About
               5
               miles
               distant
               from
               Tivoli
               we
               passed
               over
               the
               Sulphur-river
               ,
               the
               water
               whereof
               is
               warm
               ,
               of
               a
               blewish
               colour
               and
               noisom
               smell
               ,
               much
               like
               to
               that
               of
               the
               Sulphur-well
               at
               Knareburgh
               in
               Yorkshire
               .
               It
               encrusts
               the
               channel
               it
               runs
               in
               with
               a
               whitish
               kind
               of
               friable
               stone
               ,
               which
               in
               many
               places
               in
               the
               bottom
               and
               sides
               of
               the
               channel
               congeals
               in
               the
               figure
               of
               confects
               or
               sugar-plums
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Confetti
                 de
                 Tivoli
              
               .
               Of
               these
               you
               have
               boxes
               full
               to
               be
               sold
               at
               Rome
               ,
               so
               exactly
               resembling
               confects
               both
               for
               figure
               and
               colour
               that
               no
               man
               can
               distinguish
               them
               ;
               but
               they
               are
               not
               naturally
               found
               so
               figured
               ,
               as
               they
               would
               make
               strangers
               believe
               ,
               but
               artificially
               made
               so
               by
               casting
               in
               moulds
               .
               About
               Frescati
               we
               found
               great
               store
               of
               
                 Styrax
                 arbor
              
               growing
               wild
               in
               the
               hedges
               ,
               which
               we
               found
               no
               where
               else
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               .
            
             
               The
               Campagna
               of
               Rome
               seems
               to
               be
               good
               land
               ,
               but
               is
               esteemed
               a
               very
               bad
               air
               and
               unhealthful
               Countrey
               to
               live
               in
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               reason
               it
               is
               so
               desolate
               and
               thin
               of
               inhabitants
               .
            
             
               I
               had
               almost
               forgot
               one
               natural
               Phaenomenon
               we
               observed
               at
               Rome
               ,
               which
               did
               a
               little
               surprise
               us
               .
               In
               sharp
               ●rosty
               weather
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               Winter
               ,
               the
               water
               which
               the
               servants
               brought
               up
               to
               wash
               with
               in
               the
               morning
               was
               hot
               to
               that
               excess
               that
               we
               did
               verily
               believe
               they
               had
               heated
               it
               over
               the
               fire
               ;
               nor
               could
               we
               be
               perswaded
               of
               the
               contrary
               till
               we
               went
               down
               to
               the
               fountain
               ,
               and
               found
               it
               there
               of
               equal
               temper
               with
               what
               was
               brought
               up
               .
               It
               was
               formerly
               taken
               for
               granted
               by
               the
               Peripatetic
               Schools
               ,
               that
               fountains
               of
               springing
               water
               are
               hotter
               in
               cold
               weather
               or
               winter
               and
               colder
               in
               hot
               or
               summer
               than
               at
               other
               times
               ;
               the
               reason
               whereof
               they
               assigned
               to
               be
               an
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               satisfying
               themselves
               with
               that
               ,
               and
               seeking
               no
               further
               .
               Later
               Philosophers
               who
               could
               not
               content
               themselves
               with
               the
               notion
               of
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               chose
               rather
               to
               deny
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               experiment
               ,
               
               and
               affirmed
               that
               fountain-water
               was
               not
               really
               warmest
               in
               the
               coldest
               weather
               ,
               or
               coldest
               in
               the
               hottest
               ,
               but
               only
               seemed
               so
               to
               our
               sence
               ;
               the
               temper
               of
               which
               is
               much
               altered
               according
               to
               the
               difference
               of
               the
               weather
               :
               So
               that
               what
               is
               much
               colder
               than
               our
               temper
               in
               hot
               weather
               ,
               is
               not
               much
               colder
               in
               cold
               weather
               ,
               and
               so
               seems
               not
               so
               cold
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               contrary
               .
               Or
               thus
               ,
               We
               judging
               of
               the
               heat
               and
               cold
               of
               other
               things
               by
               the
               proportion
               they
               bear
               to
               the
               temper
               of
               the
               air
               about
               us
               ,
               when
               the
               air
               is
               very
               cold
               ,
               though
               the
               water
               hath
               the
               same
               degree
               of
               cold
               it
               had
               before
               ,
               yet
               it
               may
               be
               hotter
               then
               the
               air
               ,
               and
               consequently
               seem
               to
               us
               actually
               hot
               ,
               and
               
                 vice
                 versa
              
               .
               But
               for
               my
               part
               whatever
               the
               reason
               be
               ,
               I
               must
               needs
               assert
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               experiment
               ,
               being
               very
               confident
               that
               the
               water
               ,
               at
               least
               of
               some
               sources
               ,
               doth
               not
               only
               seem
               to
               be
               but
               really
               is
               much
               hotter
               in
               cold
               frosty
               weather
               than
               at
               other
               times
               ;
               else
               this
               water
               could
               not
               possibly
               have
               seemed
               to
               us
               ,
               as
               it
               did
               ,
               more
               than
               luke-warm
               .
            
             
               Great
               store
               of
               rain
               falls
               heer
               in
               winter
               time
               to
               make
               amends
               for
               the
               extraordinary
               heat
               and
               drought
               of
               the
               summer
               .
            
             
               Rome
               is
               a
               place
               not
               only
               well
               worth
               the
               seeing
               ,
               but
               very
               convenient
               to
               sojourn
               in
               ,
               there
               being
               wherewithal
               to
               entertain
               and
               divert
               men
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               humors
               and
               tempers
               .
            
             
               The
               present
               Romans
               seemed
               to
               me
               in
               their
               houses
               and
               furniture
               ,
               particularly
               their
               beds
               and
               lodging
               ,
               in
               their
               diet
               ,
               in
               their
               manners
               and
               customs
               and
               in
               their
               very
               pronunciation
               (
               so
               liquid
               ,
               plain
               and
               distinct
               )
               more
               to
               symbolize
               and
               agree
               with
               us
               English
               then
               any
               other
               people
               of
               Italy
               ,
               whether
               it
               were
               that
               we
               learned
               of
               them
               or
               they
               of
               us
               or
               both
               mutually
               of
               each
               other
               ,
               when
               there
               was
               that
               great
               commerce
               and
               entercourse
               between
               us
               and
               that
               City
               for
               so
               many
               years
               together
               .
            
             
               To
               describe
               at
               large
               the
               Court
               of
               Rome
               with
               all
               
               its
               Officers
               and
               Ministers
               ;
               the
               Ecclesiastical
               government
               of
               the
               Romish
               Church
               in
               general
               ;
               their
               Ceremonies
               and
               shows
               ;
               the
               civil
               government
               of
               the
               territories
               subject
               to
               the
               Pope
               and
               particularly
               of
               the
               City
               of
               Rome
               ;
               the
               interest
               of
               the
               Pope
               and
               the
               terms
               he
               stands
               in
               with
               other
               Princes
               ,
               would
               require
               a
               volume
               alone
               ;
               and
               therefore
               I
               shall
               chuse
               rather
               wholly
               to
               omit
               those
               particulars
               for
               the
               present
               ,
               and
               pass
               on
               to
               the
               description
               of
               our
               succeeding
               voyage
               .
            
             
               January
               24.
               1664.
               
               We
               departed
               from
               Rome
               and
               began
               our
               journey
               to
               Venice
               ;
               riding
               along
               the
               
                 Via
                 Flaminia
              
               ,
               and
               passing
               the
               Tiber
               again
               by
               the
               
                 Ponte
                 Molle
              
               or
               
                 Pons
                 Milvius
              
               .
               At
               7
               miles
               distance
               from
               Rome
               we
               passed
               a
               small
               village
               called
               
                 Prima
                 porta
              
               .
               
               Some
               suppose
               that
               anciently
               the
               City
               extended
               thus
               far
               :
               which
               conjecture
               I
               conceive
               is
               grounded
               upon
               the
               name
               of
               this
               place
               .
               Eight
               miles
               further
               riding
               brought
               us
               to
               a
               small
               town
               called
               
                 Castel
                 novo
              
               ,
               where
               we
               lodged
               .
               All
               this
               afternoon
               we
               rode
               near
               the
               Tiber
               ,
               upon
               the
               
                 Via
                 Flaminia
              
               ,
               which
               reaches
               as
               far
               as
               Rimini
               .
               It
               is
               paved
               with
               broad
               flints
               ,
               and
               pebbles
               ,
               and
               hath
               on
               each
               side
               a
               border
               of
               stone
               ,
               and
               in
               that
               border
               at
               every
               second
               or
               third
               pace
               a
               stone
               standing
               up
               higher
               than
               the
               level
               of
               the
               border
               .
               We
               observed
               in
               the
               fields
               we
               passed
               through
               this
               day
               great
               store
               of
               vernal
               crocuses
               now
               in
               flower
               .
            
             
               We
               proceeded
               on
               to
               Arignano
               or
               Ariano
               ,
               
               a
               little
               town
               and
               a
               post-stage
               8
               miles
               .
               Heer
               we
               left
               the
               
                 Via
                 Flaminia
              
               ,
               and
               rode
               round
               a
               high
               hill
               (
               which
               stands
               single
               ,
               
               and
               may
               be
               seen
               20
               miles
               forward
               )
               to
               
                 Civita
                 Castellana
              
               a
               little
               town
               standing
               on
               a
               hill
               and
               a
               post-stage
               ,
               9
               miles
               .
               Not
               far
               from
               hence
               we
               had
               the
               prospect
               of
               Caprarola
               and
               the
               Duke
               of
               
               Parma's
               Palace
               ,
               
               [
               where
               we
               were
               told
               is
               a
               whispering
               room
               like
               that
               in
               the
               Palace
               of
               Te
               at
               -
               Mantua
               ]
               which
               seemed
               not
               to
               be
               more
               than
               two
               or
               three
               miles
               distant
               in
               a
               right
               line
               ,
               but
               we
               were
               assured
               that
               as
               the
               way
               lay
               it
               was
               ten
               or
               twelve
               miles
               thither
               .
            
             
             
               Four
               miles
               further
               we
               came
               to
               a
               poor
               small
               town
               called
               Borgetto
               ;
               
               a
               little
               below
               which
               we
               passed
               the
               Tiber
               by
               a
               bridge
               called
               
                 Ponte
                 Felice
              
               ,
               
               begun
               by
               Sixtus
               V
               and
               finished
               by
               Vrban
               VIII
               ,
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               Travellers
               and
               Pilgrims
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               an
               inscription
               upon
               it
               .
               Not
               far
               from
               the
               river
               on
               our
               right
               hand
               we
               passed
               under
               a
               little
               town
               ,
               standing
               on
               the
               top
               of
               a
               hill
               ,
               
               called
               Magliano
               ,
               and
               rode
               on
               about
               6
               miles
               near
               the
               bank
               of
               the
               river
               ,
               (
               having
               in
               prospect
               at
               a
               good
               distance
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               a
               town
               called
               Horta
               )
               till
               we
               came
               to
               Vtricoli
               ,
               
               which
               town
               at
               present
               stands
               upon
               a
               hill
               ,
               
               but
               by
               the
               ruines
               that
               remain
               ,
               the
               ancient
               Ocricoli
               seems
               to
               have
               lain
               near
               the
               river
               ,
               at
               least
               part
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               From
               Vtricoli
               we
               had
               stony
               way
               over
               the
               mountains
               for
               five
               miles
               .
               For
               about
               a
               mile
               before
               we
               entred
               Narni
               we
               rode
               upon
               the
               brink
               of
               a
               horrid
               precipice
               by
               the
               river
               Nera's
               side
               .
               
               Narni
               anciently
               called
               Nequinum
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               Narnia
               from
               the
               river
               Nar
               which
               runs
               beneath
               that
               steep
               rocky
               mountain
               upon
               the
               ridge
               whereof
               this
               City
               stands
               ,
               was
               formerly
               a
               Roman
               colony
               and
               a
               place
               of
               some
               account
               ,
               but
               is
               now
               very
               mean
               ,
               poor
               ,
               and
               inconsiderable
               .
               
                 Leander
                 Albertus
              
               saith
               it
               was
               ruined
               and
               left
               almost
               quite
               desolate
               by
               the
               Venetian
               Souldiers
               who
               were
               quartered
               there
               in
               the
               time
               that
               the
               Emperour
               Charles
               V
               besieged
               Pope
               Clement
               VII
               in
               the
               Castle
               S.
               
                 Angelo
                 .
                 Gattamelata
              
               the
               famous
               Captain
               for
               the
               Venetians
               ,
               to
               whom
               they
               have
               erected
               a
               brass
               statue
               on
               horseback
               near
               S.
               Antonies
               Church
               in
               the
               City
               of
               Padua
               ,
               was
               native
               of
               this
               town
               .
               Near
               Narni
               are
               seen
               the
               remainders
               of
               vast
               arches
               of
               stone
               ,
               which
               some
               say
               were
               of
               a
               bridge
               ,
               others
               more
               probably
               of
               an
               Aqueduct
               ,
               over
               the
               river
               from
               one
               mountain
               to
               another
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               from
               Narni
               over
               a
               pleasant
               and
               fruitful
               valley
               ,
               
               encompassed
               with
               mountains
               ,
               and
               cultivated
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Lombardy
               ,
               to
               Terni
               ,
               anciently
               Interamna
               from
               its
               situation
               ,
               a
               handsome
               little
               City
               ,
               
               having
               a
               pretty
               piazza
               ,
               on
               which
               stands
               a
               Church
               that
               seems
               to
               have
               been
               an
               ancient
               temple
               .
               About
               4
               miles
               from
               this
               town
               is
               that
               famous
               Cascate
               or
               fall
               of
               water
               from
               the
               lake
               
                 di
                 Pie
                 di
                 Luco
              
               .
               At
               the
               further
               end
               of
               this
               valley
               beyond
               Terni
               and
               upon
               the
               hills
               were
               the
               greatest
               olive-yards
               or
               rather
               forests
               of
               huge
               olive-trees
               that
               I
               have
               any
               where
               seen
               in
               Italy
               ,
               and
               at
               this
               time
               of
               the
               year
               we
               found
               the
               people
               very
               busie
               in
               brushing
               down
               and
               gathering
               of
               olives
               .
            
             
               From
               Terni
               we
               had
               mountainous
               way
               to
               a
               little
               place
               called
               Tritura
               ,
               another
               Post-stage
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               we
               descended
               to
               Spoleto
               ,
               
               the
               chief
               town
               of
               Vmbria
               thence
               called
               
                 Ducato
                 Spoletano
              
               .
               The
               walls
               of
               this
               City
               are
               of
               a
               large
               extent
               ,
               and
               the
               houses
               indifferently
               fair
               ,
               and
               there
               are
               to
               be
               seen
               many
               ruines
               of
               ancient
               buildings
               in
               it
               .
            
             
               From
               Spoleto
               we
               rode
               through
               a
               very
               pleasant
               and
               fruitfull
               valley
               of
               a
               great
               extent
               ,
               surrounded
               with
               mountains
               ,
               much
               resembling
               the
               Arena
               of
               an
               Amphitheater
               ,
               planted
               with
               rows
               of
               trees
               and
               vines
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Lombardy
               .
               The
               hills
               round
               about
               yield
               a
               pleasant
               prospect
               ,
               being
               sprinkled
               every
               where
               with
               little
               towns
               and
               houses
               set
               thick
               upon
               them
               .
               About
               4
               miles
               short
               of
               Foligno
               we
               rode
               under
               an
               indifferent
               great
               town
               ,
               standing
               on
               a
               round
               hill
               ,
               called
               Trevi
               .
               
            
             
               
                 Foligno
                 [
                 Fulginium
              
               ]
               is
               a
               pleasant
               and
               handsome
               little
               town
               ,
               
               noted
               for
               confections
               and
               sweet-meats
               .
               At
               the
               end
               of
               the
               valley
               of
               Spoleto
               beyond
               Fuligno
               we
               observed
               the
               like
               woods
               of
               olive-trees
               as
               in
               the
               valley
               of
               Terni
               .
            
             
               Leaving
               Foligno
               we
               ascended
               again
               in
               a
               way
               cut
               out
               of
               the
               side
               of
               a
               mountain
               ,
               
               having
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               a
               huge
               precipice
               ,
               and
               below
               a
               valley
               between
               very
               high
               and
               steep
               hills
               ,
               into
               which
               at
               the
               upper
               end
               falls
               down
               a
               little
               river
               called
               Dale
               ,
               which
               drives
               some
               paper-mills
               ;
               a
               pleasant
               place
               to
               behold
               .
               About
               4
               or
               5
               miles
               from
               Foligno
               we
               got
               up
               to
               the
               top
               of
               the
               
               Apponnine
               ,
               where
               the
               mountains
               all
               about
               us
               were
               covered
               with
               snow
               .
               On
               the
               top
               of
               these
               mountains
               is
               a
               little
               plain
               ,
               and
               upon
               it
               a
               small
               lake
               or
               pool
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               a
               village
               called
               
                 Col
                 fiorito
              
               ,
               a
               very
               pleasant
               place
               in
               Summer-time
               ,
               as
               its
               name
               imports
               .
               When
               we
               had
               passed
               over
               this
               plain
               we
               began
               again
               to
               descend
               ,
               and
               the
               next
               considerable
               village
               we
               came
               to
               was
               
                 Serravalle
                 ,
                 ex
                 re
                 nomen
                 habens
                 ,
              
               it
               being
               situate
               in
               the
               jaws
               of
               a
               narrow
               valley
               ,
               14
               miles
               distant
               from
               Foligno
               .
               From
               Serravalle
               we
               rode
               among
               the
               mountains
               by
               the
               side
               of
               a
               little
               river
               ,
               passing
               several
               small
               villages
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 La
                 Muccia
              
               or
               Mutia
               and
               Pulverina
               ,
               &c.
               and
               lodged
               at
               Valcimarra
               .
            
             
               We
               rode
               through
               Tolentino
               a
               pretty
               little
               town
               ,
               having
               a
               handsome
               piazza
               ,
               
               distant
               9
               miles
               from
               Valcimarra
               .
               This
               was
               the
               Birth-place
               of
               
                 Franciscus
                 Philelphus
              
               a
               learned
               man
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               Critic
               in
               the
               Greek
               tongue
               .
               He
               it
               was
               that
               invented
               the
               word
               stapes
               for
               a
               stirrop
               ,
               which
               before
               had
               no
               name
               in
               Latine
               .
               
               From
               Tolentino
               we
               had
               10
               miles
               to
               Macerata
               ,
               a
               large
               ,
               well-built
               and
               populous
               town
               ,
               having
               a
               handsome
               piazza
               .
               It
               is
               the
               Capital
               city
               of
               
                 Marca
                 Anconitana
              
               ,
               where
               the
               Cardinal-Legate
               or
               governour
               of
               the
               Province
               usually
               resides
               .
               From
               Maccrata
               we
               rode
               to
               Loreto
               passing
               through
               Recanati
               ,
               
               in
               Latine
               Ricinetum
               ,
               a
               very
               pretty
               town
               ,
               situate
               on
               the
               ridge
               of
               a
               hill
               ,
               and
               but
               3
               miles
               short
               of
               Loreto
               .
               
               It
               arose
               from
               the
               ruines
               of
               
                 Helvia
                 Ricina
              
               ,
               destroyed
               by
               the
               Goths
               .
               Heer
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               a
               table
               with
               a
               brass
               statue
               of
               the
               Virgin
               Mary
               in
               
                 basso
                 relievo
              
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               an
               inscription
               ,
               giving
               thanks
               to
               her
               that
               she
               was
               pleased
               to
               fix
               her
               house
               in
               the
               territory
               of
               this
               City
               .
            
             
               Loreto
               stands
               likewise
               upon
               a
               hill
               ,
               a
               pretty
               small
               place
               ,
               consisting
               only
               of
               one
               little
               street
               within
               the
               walls
               ,
               and
               a
               Burgo
               or
               Suburb
               without
               likewise
               of
               one
               street
               ,
               as
               big
               as
               the
               City
               within
               .
               The
               Church
               and
               College
               of
               the
               Canons
               stands
               at
               one
               end
               of
               the
               street
               .
               Before
               the
               Church
               is
               a
               little
               piazza
               having
               a
               
               cloyster
               or
               Portico
               on
               one
               side
               where
               the
               Canons
               lodgings
               are
               .
               In
               the
               midst
               of
               this
               piazza
               is
               a
               handsome
               fountain
               ,
               and
               before
               the
               Church
               door
               a
               brass
               statue
               of
               Sixtus
               V
               in
               a
               sitting
               posture
               ,
               with
               an
               inscription
               signifying
               that
               he
               had
               advanced
               Loreto
               to
               the
               dignity
               of
               a
               city
               ,
               giving
               it
               a
               Bishop
               .
               The
               doors
               of
               the
               Church
               are
               of
               brass
               cast
               and
               graven
               with
               several
               histories
               .
               The
               Church
               is
               built
               like
               our
               Cathedrals
               in
               form
               of
               a
               Cross
               ,
               having
               a
               Cupola
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               directly
               under
               which
               stands
               the
               
                 Santa
                 Casa
              
               or
               holy
               house
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               enclosed
               in
               a
               case
               of
               white
               Parian
               marble
               ,
               curiously
               engraven
               with
               several
               figures
               in
               b.
               r.
               representing
               several
               histories
               ,
               by
               the
               best
               sculptors
               then
               living
               .
               The
               house
               it self
               is
               sufficiently
               described
               in
               the
               history
               of
               it
               written
               by
               Tursellinus
               .
               The
               walls
               (
               which
               are
               now
               only
               remaining
               ,
               the
               roof
               being
               removed
               )
               are
               made
               of
               a
               kind
               of
               red
               stone
               (
               as
               they
               would
               have
               us
               believe
               )
               not
               only
               of
               the
               colour
               but
               also
               of
               the
               figure
               of
               bricks
               ,
               indeed
               so
               like
               bricks
               that
               I
               can
               hardly
               perswade
               my self
               they
               were
               any
               other
               .
               This
               kind
               of
               stone
               ,
               they
               say
               ,
               at
               this
               present
               is
               found
               about
               Nazareth
               and
               no
               where
               else
               ,
               which
               if
               true
               is
               one
               of
               the
               best
               arguments
               they
               have
               to
               prove
               that
               this
               house
               came
               from
               thence
               .
               That
               the
               Reader
               may
               see
               what
               weak
               proofs
               and
               little
               evidence
               they
               have
               of
               the
               miraculous
               transporation
               of
               this
               house
               from
               Judea
               hither
               ,
               I
               shall
               heer
               insert
               the
               whole
               Relation
               of
               it
               made
               by
               themselves
               ,
               which
               is
               translated
               into
               13
               several
               languages
               and
               hung
               up
               in
               tables
               heer
               in
               the
               Church
               :
               and
               in
               English
               runs
               thus
               ,
               
                 Ave
                 Domina
                 Angelorum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       The
                       miraculous
                       Origin
                       and
                       Translation
                       of
                       the
                       Church
                       of
                       our
                       Lady
                       of
                       Loretto
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Church
                       of
                       Loreto
                       was
                       a
                       Chamber
                       of
                       the
                       B.
                       Virgin
                       nigh
                       Jerusalem
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       she
                       was
                       born
                       and
                       
                       bred
                       ,
                       and
                       saluted
                       by
                       the
                       Angel
                       ,
                       and
                       therein
                       conceived
                       and
                       brought
                       up
                       her
                       Son
                       Jesus
                       to
                       the
                       age
                       of
                       12
                       years
                       .
                       This
                       chamber
                       after
                       the
                       Ascension
                       of
                       our
                       Saviour
                       was
                       by
                       the
                       Apostles
                       consecrated
                       into
                       a
                       Church
                       in
                       honour
                       of
                       the
                       B.
                       Lady
                       :
                       and
                       S.
                       Luke
                       made
                       a
                       picture
                       to
                       her
                       ,
                       likewise
                       extant
                       therein
                       to
                       be
                       seen
                       at
                       this
                       very
                       day
                       .
                       It
                       was
                       frequented
                       with
                       great
                       devotion
                       by
                       the
                       people
                       of
                       the
                       Countrey
                       where
                       it
                       stood
                       whilst
                       they
                       were
                       Catholics
                       .
                       But
                       when
                       leaving
                       the
                       Faith
                       of
                       Christ
                       they
                       followed
                       the
                       Sect
                       of
                       Mahomet
                       ,
                       the
                       Angels
                       took
                       it
                       and
                       carried
                       it
                       into
                       Sclavonia
                       and
                       placed
                       it
                       by
                       a
                       town
                       called
                       Flumen
                       ,
                       where
                       not
                       being
                       had
                       in
                       due
                       reverence
                       ,
                       they
                       again
                       transported
                       it
                       over
                       the
                       Sea
                       to
                       a
                       wood
                       in
                       the
                       territory
                       of
                       Recanati
                       ,
                       belonging
                       to
                       a
                       Noble
                       woman
                       called
                       Loretta
                       ,
                       from
                       whence
                       it
                       took
                       the
                       name
                       of
                       our
                       Lady
                       of
                       Loreto
                       ;
                       and
                       thence
                       again
                       they
                       carried
                       it
                       ,
                       by
                       reason
                       of
                       the
                       many
                       robberies
                       committed
                       ,
                       to
                       a
                       mountain
                       of
                       two
                       brothers
                       in
                       the
                       said
                       territory
                       :
                       and
                       from
                       thence
                       finally
                       ,
                       in
                       respect
                       of
                       their
                       disagreement
                       about
                       the
                       gifts
                       and
                       offerings
                       ,
                       to
                       the
                       common
                       high-way
                       not
                       far
                       distant
                       ,
                       where
                       it
                       now
                       remains
                       without
                       foundations
                       ,
                       famous
                       for
                       many
                       signs
                       ,
                       graces
                       and
                       miracles
                       ;
                       whereat
                       the
                       inhabitants
                       of
                       Recanati
                       ,
                       who
                       often
                       came
                       to
                       see
                       it
                       ,
                       much
                       wondering
                       ,
                       environed
                       it
                       with
                       a
                       strong
                       and
                       and
                       thick
                       wall
                       ,
                       yet
                       could
                       no
                       man
                       tell
                       whence
                       it
                       came
                       originally
                       ,
                       till
                       in
                       the
                       year
                       1296.
                       the
                       B.
                       V.
                       appeared
                       in
                       sleep
                       to
                       a
                       holy
                       devout
                       man
                       ,
                       to
                       whom
                       she
                       revealed
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       he
                       divulged
                       it
                       to
                       others
                       of
                       Authority
                       in
                       this
                       Province
                       ,
                       who
                       determining
                       forthwith
                       to
                       try
                       the
                       truth
                       of
                       the
                       vision
                       ,
                       resolved
                       to
                       chuse
                       xvi
                       men
                       of
                       credit
                       ,
                       who
                       to
                       that
                       effect
                       should
                       go
                       all
                       together
                       to
                       the
                       City
                       of
                       Nazareth
                       ,
                       as
                       they
                       did
                       ,
                       carrying
                       with
                       them
                       the
                       measures
                       of
                       this
                       Church
                       ,
                       and
                       comparing
                       therewith
                       the
                       foundatious
                       remnant
                       ,
                       they
                       found
                       them
                       wholly
                       agreeable
                       ;
                       and
                       in
                       a
                       wall
                       there
                       by
                       engraven
                       ,
                       that
                       it
                       stood
                       there
                       ,
                       and
                       had
                       left
                       the
                       place
                       .
                       Which
                       done
                       they
                       presently
                       returning
                       back
                       ,
                       
                       published
                       the
                       premisses
                       to
                       be
                       true
                       :
                       and
                       from
                       that
                       time
                       forward
                       it
                       hath
                       been
                       certainly
                       known
                       ,
                       that
                       this
                       Church
                       was
                       the
                       Chamber
                       of
                       the
                       Virgin
                       Mary
                       :
                       to
                       which
                       Christians
                       began
                       then
                       ,
                       and
                       have
                       ever
                       since
                       had
                       great
                       :
                       devotion
                       ,
                       for
                       that
                       in
                       it
                       daily
                       she
                       hath
                       done
                       and
                       doth
                       many
                       and
                       many
                       miracles
                       .
                       One
                       
                         Frere
                         Paul
                         de
                         Sylva
                      
                       an
                       Eremite
                       of
                       great
                       sanctity
                       ,
                       who
                       lived
                       in
                       a
                       cotage
                       nigh
                       unto
                       this
                       Church
                       ,
                       whither
                       daily
                       he
                       went
                       to
                       Mattins
                       ,
                       said
                       that
                       for
                       ten
                       years
                       space
                       on
                       the
                       8th
                       .
                       of
                       September
                       ,
                       two
                       hours
                       before
                       day
                       he
                       saw
                       a
                       light
                       descend
                       from
                       heaven
                       upon
                       it
                       ,
                       which
                       he
                       said
                       was
                       the
                       B.
                       V.
                       who
                       there
                       shewed
                       her self
                       on
                       the
                       Feast
                       of
                       her
                       Nativity
                       .
                       In
                       confirmation
                       of
                       all
                       which
                       two
                       virtuous
                       men
                       of
                       the
                       city
                       of
                       Recanati
                       divers
                       times
                       declared
                       unto
                       the
                       Prefect
                       of
                       Terreman
                       and
                       Governour
                       of
                       the
                       forementioned
                       Church
                       is
                       followeth
                       ,
                       The
                       one
                       called
                       
                         Paul
                         Renalduci
                      
                       avouched
                       ,
                       that
                       his
                       Grandfather
                       saw
                       when
                       the
                       Angels
                       brought
                       it
                       over
                       the
                       Sea
                       ,
                       placed
                       it
                       in
                       the
                       forementioned
                       wood
                       ,
                       and
                       had
                       often
                       visited
                       it
                       there
                       :
                       the
                       other
                       called
                       
                         Francis
                         Prior
                      
                       in
                       like
                       sort
                       affirmed
                       ,
                       that
                       his
                       Grandfathers
                       Grandfather
                       ,
                       being
                       120
                       years
                       old
                       ,
                       had
                       also
                       much
                       frequented
                       it
                       in
                       the
                       same
                       place
                       ,
                       and
                       for
                       further
                       proof
                       that
                       it
                       had
                       been
                       there
                       ,
                       he
                       reported
                       that
                       his
                       Grandfathers
                       Grandfather
                       had
                       a
                       house
                       nigh
                       unto
                       it
                       ,
                       wherein
                       he
                       dwelt
                       ;
                       and
                       that
                       in
                       his
                       time
                       it
                       was
                       carried
                       by
                       the
                       Angels
                       from
                       thence
                       to
                       the
                       mountain
                       of
                       the
                       two
                       Brothers
                       ,
                       where
                       they
                       placed
                       it
                       as
                       abovesaid
                       .
                    
                     
                       By
                       order
                       of
                       the
                       right
                       reverend
                       Monsignor
                       
                         Vincent
                         Cassal
                      
                       of
                       Bolognia
                       ,
                       Governour
                       of
                       this
                       holy
                       place
                       ,
                       under
                       protection
                       of
                       the
                       most
                       reverend
                       Cardinal
                       Moroni
                       .
                       I
                       
                         Robert
                         Corbington
                      
                       Priest
                       of
                       the
                       Society
                       of
                       Jesus
                       in
                       the
                       year
                       1634.
                       have
                       faithfully
                       translated
                       the
                       premisses
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       Latine
                       original
                       hanging
                       in
                       the
                       said
                       Church
                       .
                       To
                       the
                       honour
                       of
                       the
                       ever-glorious
                       Virgin.
                       
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               The
               Treasury
               of
               this
               Church
               is
               very
               rich
               ,
               full
               of
               Jewels
               ,
               precious
               stones
               ,
               gold
               and
               silver
               vessels
               ,
               and
               
                 tabulae
                 votivae
              
               ,
               embroidered
               Altar-clothes
               ,
               copes
               ,
               vests
               ,
               &c.
               of
               great
               value
               ,
               besides
               other
               ornaments
               and
               curiosities
               ,
               which
               have
               been
               presented
               by
               several
               Prinves
               and
               great
               persons
               .
               The
               most
               considerable
               particulars
               those
               that
               are
               curious
               may
               find
               set
               down
               in
               Lassels
               his
               Voyage
               of
               Italy
               ,
               as
               also
               of
               the
               vessels
               and
               plate
               in
               the
               house
               it self
               .
               The
               earthen
               pots
               in
               the
               Apothecaries
               shop
               ,
               most
               part
               of
               them
               painted
               by
               the
               hand
               of
               
                 Raphael
                 de
                 Vrbino
              
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               wine
               cellar
               ,
               are
               things
               that
               use
               to
               be
               shewn
               to
               travellers
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               from
               Loreto
               to
               Ancona
               15
               miles
               of
               foul
               way
               .
               
               This
               is
               a
               considerable
               city
               ,
               well
               peopled
               and
               frequented
               by
               Merchants
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               commodiousness
               of
               the
               harbour
               ,
               which
               was
               formerly
               the
               verybest
               in
               all
               the
               gulf
               ,
               but
               is
               now
               run
               much
               to
               decay
               .
               The
               chief
               remarkables
               we
               took
               notice
               of
               were
               [
               1.
               ]
               The
               Remainders
               of
               the
               stones
               securing
               the
               ancient
               port
               ,
               where
               stands
               that
               famous
               triumphal
               arch
               of
               white
               Parian
               marble
               ,
               by
               order
               of
               the
               Senate
               erected
               to
               Trajan
               :
               composed
               of
               huge
               stones
               and
               thus
               inscribed
               .
            
             
               
                 Imp.
                 Caesari
                 .
                 Divi.
                 Nervae
                 .
                 F.
                 Nevae
                 .
                 Trajano
                 .
                 Optimo
                 .
                 Aug.
                 Germanic
                 .
                 Daci
                 .
                 Co.
                 Pont.
                 Max.
                 Tr.
                 Pot.
                 XIX
                 .
                 Imp.
                 IX
                 .
                 Cos.
                 VI.
                 PP
                 .
                 providentissi
                 mo
                 .
                 Principi
                 .
                 Senatus
                 .
                 P.
                 Q.
                 R.
                 Quòd
                 .
                 accessum
                 .
                 Italiae
                 .
                 hoc
                 .
                 etiam
                 .
                 addito
                 .
                 ex
                 .
                 pecunia
                 .
                 sua
                 .
                 portu
                 .
                 tutiorem
                 .
                 navigantibus
                 reddiderit
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 right
                 side
                 is
                 inscribed
                 ,
                 
                   Plotinae
                   .
                   Aug.
                   Conjug
                   .
                   Aug.
                
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 left
                 side
                 
                   Divae
                   .
                   Marcianae
                   .
                   Sorori
                   .
                   Aug.
                   
                
              
            
             
               On
               the
               top
               of
               this
               Arch
               formerly
               stood
               a
               
                 Statua
                 equestris
              
               of
               Trajan
               ,
               which
               is
               now
               taken
               down
               and
               
               set
               over
               the
               gate
               of
               the
               Merchants
               Hall
               or
               Exchange
               ,
               which
               was
               [
               2.
               ]
               the
               second
               remarkable
               .
               [
               3.
               ]
               The
               Theatre
               for
               Comedies
               .
               [
               4.
               ]
               The
               Domo
               or
               Church
               of
               
                 S.
                 Cyriacus
              
               .
               [
               5.
               ]
               The
               Cittadel
               .
               [
               6.
               ]
               The
               shell-fish
               called
               Pholades
               in
               Latine
               ,
               because
               they
               live
               in
               holes
               within
               a
               soft
               kind
               of
               stone
               ,
               or
               hard
               clay
               ,
               which
               being
               exposed
               to
               the
               air
               in
               process
               of
               time
               becomes
               a
               perfect
               stone
               for
               hardness
               .
               The
               Italians
               call
               these
               stones
               
                 Balle
                 di
                 Sasso
              
               ,
               and
               the
               fish
               Ballare
               or
               
                 Dattylide
                 mare
              
               .
               They
               find
               the
               stones
               (
               as
               they
               told
               us
               )
               but
               at
               Sea
               in
               great
               plenty
               ,
               and
               taking
               them
               up
               being
               them
               into
               the
               harbour
               where
               they
               keep
               them
               .
               We
               had
               a
               dish
               of
               them
               drest
               which
               were
               no
               unpleasant
               meat
               ,
               inferiour
               for
               tast
               to
               no
               shell
               fish
               except
               an
               oyster
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               along
               the
               Sea-coast
               20
               miles
               to
               Sinigaglia
               ,
               
               anciently
               
                 Sena
                 Gallica
              
               ,
               a
               handsome
               little
               city
               well
               walled
               about
               and
               fortified
               .
               Heer
               is
               a
               small
               harbour
               for
               boats
               and
               barges
               .
               From
               Sinigaglia
               we
               still
               followed
               the
               Sea-shore
               to
               Fano
               ,
               15
               miles
               distant
               ;
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               
               passing
               over
               two
               long
               bridges
               .
               Fano
               ,
               anciently
               
                 Fanum
                 Fortunae
              
               ,
               is
               a
               much
               larger
               city
               then
               I
               had
               imagined
               ,
               well
               walled
               and
               fortified
               .
               There
               is
               an
               old
               triumphal
               Arch
               erected
               to
               Augustus
               ,
               which
               because
               it
               had
               been
               somewhat
               broken
               and
               defaced
               in
               the
               wars
               with
               Malatesta
               ,
               they
               have
               in
               the
               wall
               by
               set
               a
               model
               of
               it
               as
               it
               was
               when
               entire
               ,
               whereon
               is
               inscribed
               ,
               
                 Effigies
                 arcûs
                 ab
                 Augusto
                 erecti
                 ,
                 posteáque
                 ex
                 parie
                 diruti
                 bello
                 Pii
                 II.
                 contra
                 Fanenses
              
               ;
               Anno
               MCCCCLXIII
               .
            
             
               
                 DIVO
                 AUGUSTO
                 PIO
                 CONSTANTINO
                 PATRI
                 DOMINOPUM
                 .
              
               
                 IMP.
                 CAES.
                 DIVI
                 F.
                 AUGUSTUS
                 PONTIFEX
                 MAXIMUS
                 COS.
                 XIII
                 TRIBUNITIA
                 POTEST
                 XXXI
                 IMP.
                 XXVI
                 PATER
                 PATRIAE
                 MURUM
                 DEDIT
                 .
              
               
               
                 CURANTE
                 L.
                 TURCIO
                 SECUNDO
                 APRONIANI
                 PRAEF
                 .
                 URB.
                 FIL.
                 ASTERIO
                 V.
                 C.
                 CORR.
                 FLAM.
                 ET
                 PICENI
                 .
              
            
             
               Heer
               we
               saw
               the
               ancient
               temple
               of
               Fortuno
               now
               the
               Augustine
               Freres
               Church
               :
               And
               the
               brass
               statue
               of
               Fortune
               which
               was
               adored
               ,
               taken
               out
               thence
               ,
               now
               standing
               in
               the
               palace
               .
               In
               this
               City
               is
               a
               Senate
               of
               70
               Gentlemen
               changed
               every
               third
               or
               fourth
               year
               ,
               who
               out
               of
               their
               own
               number
               elect
               every
               two
               months
               2
               Priors
               and
               a
               Gonfalonier
               ,
               but
               the
               Governour
               or
               Monsignor
               placed
               heer
               by
               the
               Pope
               is
               the
               
                 Dominus
                 fac
                 totum
                 .
                 Malatesta
              
               tyrant
               of
               Rimini
               (
               as
               they
               call
               him
               )
               seized
               also
               upon
               this
               place
               ,
               but
               was
               driven
               out
               by
               Pope
               Pius
               II
               ,
               assisted
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               
                 Vrbin
                 ,
                 Carignano
              
               of
               Ancona
               and
               one
               Cassaro
               .
               These
               two
               Gentlemen
               had
               each
               of
               them
               a
               ladder
               for
               his
               arms
               ,
               the
               one
               red
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               white
               .
               The
               city
               out
               of
               gratitude
               took
               these
               two
               ladders
               for
               their
               Arms
               ,
               leaving
               their
               former
               ,
               which
               was
               a
               gate
               or
               Arch
               with
               this
               motto
               under
               it
               ,
               
                 In
                 hac
                 porta
                 stat
                 hîc
                 Leo
                 fortis
                 .
              
               This
               City
               is
               by
               some
               esteemed
               one
               of
               the
               best
               situated
               in
               Italy
               .
            
             
               We
               still
               held
               along
               the
               shore
               till
               we
               came
               to
               Pesaro
               ,
               
               anciently
               Pisaurum
               ,
               7
               miles
               .
               This
               is
               a
               very
               elegant
               and
               pleasant
               City
               ,
               having
               a
               handsom
               piazza
               ,
               encompassed
               with
               fair
               buildings
               ;
               therein
               stand
               many
               ancient
               stones
               with
               inscriptions
               .
               We
               passed
               through
               a
               long
               well-built
               street
               ,
               and
               had
               a
               prospect
               of
               the
               Cupola
               of
               the
               Domo
               .
               The
               haven
               is
               almost
               choaked
               up
               .
               It
               is
               walled
               about
               and
               fortified
               wi●h
               bastions
               and
               a
               castle
               .
               We
               saw
               this
               town
               only
               
                 in
                 transitu
              
               ,
               but
               it
               merited
               a
               little
               demurr
               .
               From
               hence
               we
               crossed
               the
               Countrey
               to
               a
               village
               called
               Catolica
               10
               miles
               .
               We
               left
               Gradara
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               but
               came
               not
               in
               sight
               of
               it
               .
               From
               Catolica
               we
               rode
               along
               the
               Sea-shore
               for
               the
               most
               part
               till
               we
               came
               within
               2
               or
               3
               miles
               of
               Rimini
               ,
               and
               then
               left
               the
               shore
               and
               took
               the
               
                 Via
                 Flaminia
              
               .
               From
               
               Catolica
               to
               Rimini
               they
               reckon
               15
               miles
               ,
               yet
               may
               Rimini
               easily
               be
               seen
               from
               thence
               .
               
               Rimini
               is
               a
               pretty
               proper
               City
               ,
               having
               streight
               streets
               like
               Pesaro
               and
               Fano
               ,
               yet
               are
               the
               buildings
               but
               low
               .
               Within
               the
               walls
               of
               this
               town
               we
               passed
               under
               a
               high
               stone-arch
               erected
               to
               
                 Tiberius
                 (
                 Schottus
              
               saith
               
                 Augustus
                 )
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               but
               the
               inscription
               was
               somewhat
               defaced
               .
               In
               the
               piazza
               we
               viewed
               the
               stone
               on
               which
               
                 J.
                 Caesar
              
               is
               said
               to
               have
               stood
               when
               he
               made
               a
               Speech
               to
               his
               Souldiers
               ,
               animating
               them
               to
               accompany
               him
               to
               Rome
               and
               invade
               the
               Cities
               liberty
               .
               On
               it
               are
               these
               modern
               inscriptions
               ,
               
                 
                   C.
                   Caesar
                   Dict.
                   Rubicone
                   superato
                   civili
                   bell
                   .
                   commilit
                   .
                   suos
                   hîc
                   in
                   foro
                   Ar.
                   adlocut
                   .
                
                 
                   Suggestum
                   hunc
                   vetustate
                   collapsum
                   Coss
                   .
                   Ariminensium
                   Novembris
                   &
                   Decembr
                   .
                   MDV.
                   Restit
                   .
                
              
            
             
               In
               another
               Piazza
               we
               saw
               a
               brass
               statue
               of
               Paulus
               V.
               Being
               Carneval
               time
               we
               found
               the
               Gentlemen
               heer
               tilting
               .
               They
               ran
               not
               at
               one
               another
               but
               at
               a
               Puppet
               or
               man
               of
               straw
               ,
               Bamboccio
               they
               call
               it
               .
            
             
               We
               made
               a
               digression
               to
               S.
               Marino
               ,
               
               a
               little
               town
               standing
               on
               the
               top
               of
               a
               very
               high
               hill
               ,
               some
               10
               miles
               or
               more
               distant
               from
               Rimini
               .
               This
               place
               hath
               maintained
               it self
               in
               the
               condition
               of
               a
               free
               State
               or
               Commonwealth
               ,
               as
               the
               Inhabitants
               boast
               ,
               for
               above
               1000
               years
               ,
               but
               it
               s
               well
               if
               half
               so
               long
               .
               The
               territory
               of
               this
               Republic
               is
               but
               one
               mountain
               about
               3
               miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               some
               9
               or
               ten
               miles
               round
               .
               In
               this
               small
               territory
               they
               have
               4
               Castelli
               or
               villages
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Serravalle
                 ,
                 Fietano
                 ,
                 Monte
                 Giardino
                 ,
              
               and
               Fiorentino
               :
               8
               corn
               mills
               upon
               the
               little
               river
               Canova
               ,
               which
               bounds
               this
               territory
               towards
               the
               North
               ,
               and
               a
               powder-mills
               :
               the
               number
               of
               souls
               is
               about
               4000
               or
               5000
               ,
               of
               Souldiers
               or
               fighting
               men
               1500.
               
               The
               Arms
               of
               this
               Republic
               are
               3
               towers
               upon
               a
               mountain
               ,
               and
               under
               it
               this
               Motto
               ,
               
                 Libertas
                 perpetua
              
               .
               
               The
               Borgho
               of
               S.
               Marin
               stands
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               hill
               upon
               which
               the
               town
               is
               built
               ,
               and
               is
               like
               some
               of
               our
               North-Wales
               towns
               .
               In
               this
               Borgh●
               weekly
               on
               Wednesdays
               is
               held
               a
               market
               ,
               where
               are
               bought
               and
               sold
               a
               great
               number
               of
               Swine
               ,
               especially
               in
               Carneval
               time
               ,
               3
               ,
               4
               ,
               or
               5
               thousand
               on
               a
               market-day
               .
               The
               reason
               of
               this
               great
               concourse
               to
               buy
               and
               sell
               heer
               is
               because
               they
               pay
               so
               little
               toll
               ,
               viz.
               about
               six
               pence
               for
               a
               drove
               be
               they
               more
               or
               less
               .
               From
               the
               Borgho
               up
               to
               the
               town
               are
               two
               ascents
               ,
               the
               one
               more
               easie
               and
               winding
               about
               to
               the
               furthermost
               gate
               ,
               by
               which
               coaches
               may
               make
               a
               shift
               to
               get
               up
               ,
               the
               other
               steep
               to
               the
               nearer
               gate
               .
               On
               one
               side
               the
               town
               is
               walled
               about
               ,
               on
               the
               other
               side
               it
               needs
               it
               not
               ,
               for
               it
               stands
               on
               the
               brow
               of
               a
               precipitious
               rock
               of
               a
               very
               great
               height
               ,
               whereon
               they
               have
               placed
               3
               towers
               in
               a
               row
               .
               On
               the
               side
               where
               the
               wall
               goes
               the
               hill
               is
               very
               steep
               and
               almost
               impossible
               to
               climb
               but
               by
               the
               made
               ways
               .
               There
               is
               no
               hill
               near
               it
               that
               can
               any
               way
               offend
               it
               ,
               and
               those
               that
               are
               next
               far
               lower
               than
               that
               whereon
               the
               town
               is
               built
               .
               The
               streets
               of
               the
               town
               are
               narrow
               ,
               and
               the
               houses
               but
               mean.
               Heer
               live
               about
               60
               Jews
               .
               Two
               cloysters
               they
               have
               within
               the
               walls
               ,
               one
               of
               discalceate
               Franciscans
               or
               Succolanti
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Nuns
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               
                 Santa
                 Clara
              
               ;
               without
               the
               walls
               in
               the
               Borgho
               is
               a
               Monastery
               of
               Capucines
               ,
               and
               about
               a
               mile
               from
               the
               town
               a
               fair
               Convent
               of
               the
               Servitae
               .
               They
               have
               25
               small
               pieces
               or
               Drakes
               and
               2
               Culverines
               .
               This
               place
               is
               a
               Bishops
               Sea
               and
               the
               Bishop
               of
               it
               is
               Bishop
               also
               of
               
                 S.
                 Leo
                 ,
                 Monte
                 Feltre
              
               ,
               and
               
                 La
                 Penna
              
               .
               This
               Republic
               is
               surrounded
               by
               the
               territory
               of
               the
               Pope
               ;
               they
               stamp
               no
               money
               ;
               they
               have
               neither
               friendship
               nor
               enmity
               with
               any
               of
               the
               States
               or
               Princes
               of
               Italy
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               several
               wars
               of
               Italy
               they
               have
               enjoyed
               peace
               .
               On
               occasion
               they
               send
               Embassadours
               to
               the
               neighbouring
               Princes
               and
               States
               .
               At
               Rome
               they
               have
               their
               Protector
               ,
               who
               at
               present
               is
               Cardinal
               
                 Carlo
                 Barberini
              
               ,
               
               to
               whom
               they
               sometimes
               send
               presents
               ,
               viz.
               100
               little
               Cheeses
               or
               a
               Butt
               of
               Muscatella
               .
               They
               acknowledge
               no
               Superior
               under
               God
               ,
               but
               have
               absolute
               power
               in
               civil
               and
               criminal
               causes
               .
               If
               a
               person
               banished
               from
               other
               places
               retires
               hither
               ,
               they
               sometimet
               give
               him
               protection
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               done
               by
               the
               major
               vote
               of
               the
               Council
               .
               If
               one
               man
               kill
               another
               ,
               though
               in
               his
               own
               defence
               ,
               he
               is
               sentenced
               by
               the
               Commissary
               or
               Judge
               to
               pay
               100
               Scudi
               ,
               but
               he
               petitioning
               the
               Council
               ,
               they
               usually
               bring
               it
               down
               to
               25.
               
               If
               one
               murthers
               another
               and
               flies
               ,
               he
               is
               banished
               for
               ever
               and
               all
               his
               goods
               confiscate
               .
               This
               Republic
               maintains
               a
               Physician
               and
               a
               Surgeon
               at
               the
               public
               charge
               .
               The
               Muscatella's
               of
               this
               place
               are
               much
               esteemed
               ,
               and
               the
               Gentry
               heerabout
               in
               Summer-time
               come
               ordinarily
               hither
               to
               drink
               them
               ,
               and
               enjoy
               the
               fresco
               .
               Cows
               they
               have
               none
               ,
               but
               sheep
               and
               goats
               good
               store
               ;
               of
               whose
               milk
               they
               make
               little
               cheeses
               that
               eat
               well
               .
               From
               the
               hill
               we
               had
               a
               prospect
               of
               
                 Monte
                 Leone
              
               ,
               a
               strong
               fortress
               formerly
               belonging
               to
               this
               Republic
               ,
               but
               taken
               from
               them
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Vrbin
               .
               They
               have
               4
               great
               Fairs
               every
               year
               ,
               the
               chiefest
               of
               all
               is
               on
               S.
               Bartholomew's
               day
               ,
               at
               which
               time
               there
               is
               a
               general
               muster
               of
               all
               their
               Forces
               .
               At
               these
               Fairs
               there
               is
               great
               abundance
               of
               young
               cattel
               sold
               .
               Many
               veals
               driven
               as
               far
               as
               Florence
               .
               These
               fairs
               and
               markets
               disgust
               the
               neighbouring
               Princes
               ,
               as
               being
               a
               great
               diminution
               of
               their
               tolls
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               of
               S.
               Marino
               is
               by
               a
               Council
               of
               45
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Corpo
                 di
                 Prencipe
              
               .
               Of
               these
               15
               are
               Gentlemen
               (
               for
               there
               are
               about
               20
               families
               of
               Gentlemen
               in
               this
               State
               )
               15
               Artisans
               or
               tradesmen
               and
               15
               farmers
               or
               count
               reymen
               .
               They
               continue
               for
               their
               lives
               ,
               and
               when
               one
               dies
               another
               is
               chosen
               by
               two
               third
               parts
               of
               the
               votes
               ,
               when
               a
               Gentleman
               a
               Gentleman
               ,
               and
               so
               of
               the
               rest
               .
               These
               Counsellors
               chuse
               out
               of
               their
               own
               number
               from
               6
               months
               to
               
               6
               months
               ●
               Capitanie
               ,
               (
               which
               have
               the
               like
               power
               as
               ●●nsuls
               ,
               or
               Maior
               ,
               with
               us
               )
               after
               this
               manner
               .
               When
               the
               old
               Captains
               go
               out
               of
               office
               they
               nominate
               12
               ;
               the
               names
               of
               these
               are
               written
               in
               6
               scrolls
               of
               Paper
               ,
               viz.
               two
               names
               in
               a
               scroll
               .
               These
               scrolls
               are
               put
               into
               a
               hat
               or
               box
               ,
               and
               a
               boy
               puts
               in
               his
               hand
               and
               draws
               out
               3.
               
               These
               3
               the
               elder
               Captain
               takes
               and
               carries
               to
               the
               Church
               of
               the
               Sacrament
               ,
               and
               
                 Te
                 Deum
              
               being
               sung
               ,
               a
               Priest
               puts
               the
               3
               scrolls
               into
               a
               hat
               ,
               and
               a
               young
               child
               puts
               in
               his
               hand
               and
               draws
               out
               one
               ,
               and
               they
               whose
               names
               are
               therein
               written
               are
               Capitanei
               for
               the
               next
               6
               months
               .
               These
               Capitanei
               cannot
               be
               eleced
               again
               for
               two
               years
               following
               .
               Besides
               ,
               the
               Great
               Council
               elect
               out
               of
               themselves
               by
               major
               vote
               a
               lesser
               Council
               of
               12
               ,
               viz.
               4
               out
               of
               each
               order
               .
               And
               to
               this
               Council
               civil
               and
               criminal
               causes
               and
               quarrels
               of
               right
               and
               wrong
               are
               referred
               .
               This
               Commonwealth
               hath
               a
               Commissary
               or
               Judge
               ,
               who
               must
               be
               a
               Doctor
               of
               Law
               ,
               and
               always
               a
               foreigner
               .
               He
               is
               elected
               by
               the
               Council
               and
               contitinues
               18
               months
               .
               His
               stipend
               is
               ten
               crowns
               the
               month
               .
               His
               sentence
               is
               confirmed
               ,
               or
               may
               be
               repealed
               or
               mitigated
               by
               the
               Council
               .
               The
               Chancellor
               is
               elected
               in
               like
               manner
               .
               He
               is
               a
               notary
               and
               his
               allowance
               is
               60
               scudi
               or
               crowns
               
                 per
                 annum
              
               .
               They
               have
               also
               a
               Captain
               of
               the
               Militia
               ,
               who
               continues
               in
               office
               as
               long
               as
               the
               Council
               pleases
               .
               But
               enough
               and
               more
               then
               needs
               will
               most
               Readers
               think
               of
               this
               petty
               Commonwealth
               ;
               concerning
               which
               I
               should
               not
               have
               been
               so
               large
               ,
               but
               that
               no
               body
               that
               I
               know
               of
               before
               me
               hath
               made
               any
               particular
               description
               of
               its
               State
               and
               Government
               ,
               as
               accounting
               it
               not
               worth
               their
               while
               to
               enquire
               into
               it
               ,
               or
               their
               pains
               to
               set
               it
               down
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               from
               Rimini
               to
               Ravenna
               .
               3.
               
               We
               passed
               the
               famous
               bridge
               over
               the
               river
               Rimino
               ,
               begun
               by
               Augustus
               and
               finished
               by
               Tiberius
               .
               The
               people
               say
               that
               the
               stones
               are
               joyned
               together
               without
               any
               cement
               .
               
               Indeed
               the
               sides
               or
               walls
               of
               it
               are
               of
               vast
               stones
               ,
               each
               as
               high
               as
               the
               border
               and
               or
               breadth
               proportionable
               ,
               immediately
               contiguous
               without
               any
               morter
               or
               cement
               between
               that
               I
               could
               discern
               .
               There
               is
               upon
               it
               an
               inscription
               in
               large
               letters
               signifying
               when
               and
               by
               whom
               it
               was
               built
               .
               At
               15
               miles
               distance
               from
               Rimini
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               little
               town
               called
               Cesenatic●
               ;
               then
               Cervia
               about
               5
               miles
               further
               ,
               
               a
               place
               enveroned
               with
               fens
               .
               It
               is
               a
               Bisho●s
               Sea
               and
               therefore
               hath
               the
               title
               of
               a
               City
               ,
               yet
               is
               it
               ●●t
               a
               mean
               and
               pitiful
               town
               .
               All
               the
               way
               between
               Cervia
               and
               Ravenna
               till
               we
               came
               withn
               2
               or
               3
               miles
               of
               the
               town
               ,
               we
               had
               a
               wood
               of
               Pine-trees
               on
               our
               right
               hand
               called
               Pigneda
               ,
               bearing
               fruit
               enough
               (
               as
               Schottus
               saith
               )
               to
               serve
               all
               Italy
               .
            
             
               Ravenna
               stands
               between
               two
               rivers
               [
               Bedesis
               and
               Montone
               ]
               one
               running
               on
               one
               side
               ,
               
               and
               the
               other
               on
               the
               other
               .
               It
               is
               a
               large
               town
               but
               ragged
               and
               not
               well
               built
               ,
               the
               houses
               are
               all
               very
               low
               .
               It
               hath
               5
               gates
               ,
               an
               ole
               castle
               of
               brick
               ;
               3
               very
               fair
               Covents
               ,
               one
               called
               the
               Classe
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               
                 Monachi
                 Classenses
              
               ,
               the
               Church
               whereof
               is
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               Romualdo
               .
               A
               second
               called
               the
               Porto
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               
                 Maria
                 Portuenses
              
               .
               It
               belongs
               to
               the
               
                 Canonici
                 reguulares
                 Lateranenses
              
               .
               A
               third
               of
               Benedictine
               Monks
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               Vitale
               .
               The
               Church
               of
               this
               Covent
               is
               a
               double
               octagon
               ,
               the
               one
               concentrical
               to
               and
               included
               in
               the
               other
               ,
               built
               as
               they
               told
               us
               by
               Justinian
               .
               The
               Monks
               shew'd
               us
               heer
               2
               marble
               pillars
               ,
               for
               which
               they
               said
               the
               Venetians
               offered
               them
               their
               weight
               in
               silver
               ;
               but
               we
               have
               seen
               the
               like
               elsewhere
               ,
               viz.
               in
               the
               Library
               at
               Zurich
               ,
               and
               at
               Verona
               in
               our
               Ladies
               Chappel
               in
               the
               Garden
               of
               Seignior
               
                 Horatio
                 Giusti
              
               .
               Their
               generation
               at
               first
               was
               of
               a
               mass
               or
               heap
               of
               small
               flints
               and
               pebbles
               united
               into
               one
               body
               by
               a
               cement
               petrified
               as
               hard
               as
               themselves
               and
               capable
               of
               politure
               .
               Probably
               this
               cement
               was
               separated
               by
               degrees
               from
               a
               fluid
               wherein
               these
               
               stones
               lay
               .
               To
               these
               Monks
               belongs
               the
               Rotonda
               ,
               a
               little
               round
               Church
               dedicated
               to
               the
               Virgin
               Mary
               ,
               about
               ¼
               of
               a
               mile
               without
               the
               walls
               :
               the
               entire
               roof
               whereof
               is
               of
               one
               single
               stone
               ,
               notwithstanding
               that
               the
               Diameter
               of
               the
               Church
               is
               14
               of
               my
               ordinary
               paces
               ,
               which
               are
               near
               so
               many
               yards
               .
               In
               the
               midst
               of
               this
               stone
               is
               a
               round
               hole
               to
               let
               in
               the
               light
               .
               Upon
               the
               top
               of
               it
               formerly
               stood
               a
               porphyry
               monument
               of
               Theodoricus
               a
               Gotthick
               King
               who
               is
               supposed
               to
               have
               built
               it
               .
               This
               monument
               is
               now
               taken
               down
               and
               set
               in
               the
               wall
               of
               the
               Covent
               of
               the
               Succolanti
               ,
               by
               the
               way-side
               with
               this
               inscription
               ,
               
                 Vas
                 hoc
                 Porphyriacum
                 ol
                 .
                 Theodorici
                 Gottor
                 .
                 imp
                 .
                 cineres
                 in
                 Rotundae
                 apice
                 recondens
                 ,
                 huc
                 Petro
                 Donato
                 Caesio
                 Narnien
                 .
                 praesule
                 favente
                 translatum
                 ad
                 perennem
                 memoriam
                 Sapientes
                 Reip.
                 Rav.
                 PP
                 .
                 C.
                 MDLXIII
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               Monastery
               of
               the
               Succolanti
               is
               one
               of
               the
               fairest
               we
               have
               seen
               belonging
               to
               that
               order
               ,
               and
               the
               Church
               dedicated
               to
               S.
               Apollinaris
               deserves
               notice
               taking
               ,
               as
               well
               for
               the
               double
               row
               of
               marble
               pillars
               brought
               from
               Constantinople
               by
               Theodoricus
               ,
               as
               for
               the
               ancient
               figures
               of
               Mosaic
               work
               in
               the
               walls
               .
               In
               the
               Domo
               we
               noted
               the
               figures
               of
               the
               Archbishops
               of
               Ravenna
               in
               Mosaic
               work
               .
               Eleven
               of
               them
               had
               a
               Dove
               standing
               upon
               their
               heads
               ,
               which
               they
               say
               were
               chosen
               by
               a
               Dove
               alighting
               and
               sitting
               upon
               their
               heads
               ,
               the
               legend
               whereof
               may
               be
               seen
               more
               at
               large
               in
               Schottus
               .
               Near
               the
               Franciscans
               Cloyster
               is
               the
               monument
               of
               Dante
               the
               famous
               Poet
               ,
               which
               is
               an
               arch
               erected
               to
               his
               memory
               by
               
                 Bernardus
                 Bembus
              
               the
               
                 Venetian
                 Podestà
              
               in
               Ravenna
               ;
               under
               which
               is
               his
               effigies
               ,
               and
               two
               inscriptions
               in
               Latine
               verse
               ,
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       
                         I.
                         
                      
                       
                         Exiguâ
                         tumuli
                         Dante
                         's
                         hîc
                         sorte
                         jacebas
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Squallenti
                         nulli
                         cognite
                         penè
                         situ
                         ;
                      
                       
                         At
                         nunc
                         marmoreo
                         subnixus
                         conderis
                         arcu
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Omnibus
                         &
                         cultu
                         splendidiore
                         nites
                         .
                      
                       
                         Nimirum
                         Bembus
                         musis
                         incensus
                         Etruscis
                      
                       
                         Hoc
                         tibi
                         quem
                         inprimis
                         hae
                         coluere
                         dedit
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         II.
                         
                      
                       
                         Jura
                         monarchiae
                         ,
                         superos
                         ,
                         Phlegetonta
                         lacúsque
                      
                       
                         Lustrando
                         cecini
                         voluerunt
                         fata
                         quousque
                         :
                      
                       
                         Sed
                         quia
                         pars
                         c●ssit
                         melioribus
                         hospita
                         castris
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Auctorémque
                         suum
                         petiit
                         felicior
                         astris
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Hîc
                         claudor
                         Dante
                         's
                         patriis
                         extorris
                         ab
                         oris
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Quem
                         genuit
                         parvi
                         Florentia
                         mater
                         amoris
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               These
               verses
               are
               said
               to
               have
               been
               made
               by
               Dante
               himself
               ,
               
                 sed
                 Musis
                 parùm
                 faventibus
              
               ,
               and
               if
               he
               had
               not
               composed
               better
               in
               Italian
               he
               had
               not
               deserved
               the
               reputation
               of
               so
               great
               a
               Poet.
               This
               City
               may
               boast
               of
               its
               antiquity
               and
               what
               it
               hath
               been
               ,
               not
               what
               it
               is
               ,
               and
               yet
               the
               Cardinal
               Legate
               Governour
               of
               Romandiola
               usually
               resides
               heer
               .
               It
               is
               very
               ill
               served
               with
               fish
               ,
               notwithstanding
               it
               is
               so
               near
               the
               Sea
               :
               there
               's
               scarce
               a
               good
               Inn
               in
               Town
               ,
               it
               lying
               out
               of
               the
               way
               of
               travellers
               ,
               and
               strangers
               ,
               and
               being
               no
               through-fare
               .
               What
               was
               true
               of
               old
               is
               true
               still
               heer
               ;
               It
               s
               harder
               to
               get
               good
               water
               than
               good
               wine
               ,
               
                 Sit
                 cisternae
                 mihi
                 quam
                 vinea
                 malo
                 Ravennae
                 ,
              
               the
               water
               being
               all
               brackish
               :
               Neither
               yet
               was
               the
               wine
               we
               met
               withal
               any
               of
               the
               best
               .
               I
               wonder
               this
               City
               should
               not
               be
               more
               populous
               and
               rich
               ;
               the
               Countrey
               on
               the
               Northside
               all
               along
               to
               Faenza
               ,
               seeming
               to
               be
               fat
               and
               fertile
               land
               ,
               and
               being
               planted
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               Lombardy
               .
               It
               lies
               indeed
               very
               low
               ,
               yet
               I
               believe
               now
               adays
               is
               never
               overflown
               .
            
             
               We
               observed
               in
               this
               journey
               from
               Rome
               to
               Venice
               a
               great
               difference
               between
               the
               temperature
               of
               the
               air
               on
               this
               side
               and
               on
               the
               other
               side
               the
               Appennine
               
               mountains
               ,
               on
               the
               other
               side
               it
               being
               very
               temperate
               and
               warm
               ,
               but
               on
               this
               side
               as
               cold
               and
               raw
               as
               it
               is
               at
               any
               time
               in
               winter
               with
               us
               ,
               or
               indeed
               can
               well
               be
               in
               open
               weather
               ;
               and
               that
               this
               cold
               did
               not
               proceed
               from
               a
               general
               change
               of
               weather
               since
               our
               coming
               on
               this
               side
               we
               are
               well
               assured
               ;
               for
               we
               heard
               of
               no
               such
               change
               ,
               and
               we
               found
               snow
               lying
               heer
               in
               the
               low
               grounds
               in
               many
               places
               ,
               which
               on
               the
               other
               side
               was
               all
               melted
               and
               gone
               even
               upon
               the
               hills
               before
               our
               coming
               over
               .
               The
               reason
               of
               this
               is
               obvious
               ,
               because
               this
               ridge
               of
               hills
               being
               higher
               than
               the
               lower
               region
               of
               the
               air
               ,
               or
               place
               where
               the
               Sun-beams
               are
               reflected
               ,
               hinders
               the
               commixture
               of
               the
               warm
               Southerly
               and
               Western
               air
               with
               the
               cold
               Northerly
               and
               Eastern
               ,
               but
               especially
               stopping
               on
               one
               hand
               the
               South
               and
               West
               winds
               which
               else
               would
               drive
               the
               temperate
               air
               and
               tepid
               vapours
               into
               these
               parts
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               other
               hand
               the
               cold
               Northern
               and
               Eastern
               blasts
               ,
               which
               else
               would
               temper
               and
               much
               abate
               the
               warmth
               of
               those
               beyond
               the
               mountains
               .
               Hence
               I
               do
               not
               think
               incredible
               nor
               much
               wonder
               at
               what
               is
               related
               by
               some
               Travellers
               of
               a
               mountain
               in
               the
               East-Indies
               ,
               on
               the
               one
               side
               whereof
               it
               is
               Summer
               when
               on
               the
               other
               it
               is
               Winter
               .
            
             
               We
               left
               Ravenna
               and
               rode
               along
               the
               bank
               of
               the
               River
               Montone
               till
               we
               came
               within
               4
               or
               5
               miles
               of
               Faenza
               .
               
               The
               Countrey
               on
               each
               side
               this
               river
               was
               much
               like
               to
               Lombardy
               .
               The
               river
               ran
               very
               swiftly
               notwithstanding
               to
               the
               eye
               the
               Countrey
               seemed
               to
               be
               an
               exact
               level
               .
               From
               Ravenna
               to
               Faenza
               we
               had
               20
               long
               miles
               .
            
             
               Faenza
               is
               a
               pretty
               little
               City
               ,
               
               encompassed
               with
               a
               strong
               brick
               wall
               ,
               at
               present
               neglected
               and
               out
               of
               repair
               ;
               famous
               for
               earthen
               ware
               made
               heer
               ,
               esteemed
               the
               best
               in
               Italy
               .
               Before
               we
               entred
               the
               Town
               we
               passed
               a
               little
               Suburb
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               bridge
               ,
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               which
               stands
               a
               tower
               .
               Upon
               S.
               Thomas
               his
               day
               yearly
               all
               the
               Gentlemen
               of
               Faenza
               meet
               and
               
               chuse
               Magistrates
               for
               all
               the
               year
               ,
               viz.
               8
               Antiani
               or
               Senators
               and
               a
               Chief
               who
               is
               called
               Prior
               for
               every
               month
               ,
               so
               that
               for
               every
               year
               there
               are
               12
               several
               Senates
               .
            
             
               From
               Faenza
               we
               travelled
               on
               to
               Imola
               10
               miles
               .
               
               The
               way
               was
               very
               streight
               ,
               I
               suppose
               part
               of
               the
               
                 Via
                 Aemilia
              
               .
               About
               the
               midway
               between
               Faenza
               and
               Imola
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               little
               walled
               Town
               called
               
                 Castel
                 Bolognese
              
               .
               Half
               a
               mile
               short
               of
               Imola
               we
               ferried
               over
               the
               river
               Senio
               .
            
             
               Imola
               anciently
               
                 Forum
                 Cornelii
              
               is
               a
               lesser
               Town
               then
               Faenza
               ,
               hath
               a
               fair
               square
               piazza
               with
               a
               cloyster
               or
               Portico
               on
               one
               side
               it
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               to
               Bologna
               upon
               the
               
                 Via
                 Aemilia
              
               .
               
               In
               this
               side
               of
               Italy
               they
               have
               a
               custom
               to
               boil
               their
               wines
               to
               make
               them
               keep
               better
               .
               The
               boil'd
               wine
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Vin
                 Cotto
              
               ,
               seemed
               to
               us
               much
               stronger
               than
               the
               wine
               unboil'd
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Vin
                 Crudo
              
               .
            
             
               We
               took
               the
               Florentine
               Procaccios
               boat
               to
               Venice
               .
               
               Passing
               through
               9
               Sostegni
               we
               came
               to
               
                 Mal
                 Albergo
              
               ,
               where
               we
               shifted
               our
               boat
               going
               down
               from
               a
               higher
               to
               a
               lower
               channel
               ,
               which
               brought
               us
               to
               Ferrara
               ,
               which
               they
               reckon
               to
               be
               45
               miles
               distant
               from
               Bologna
               .
               From
               Ferrara
               we
               were
               towed
               by
               a
               horse
               up
               a
               streight
               artificial
               channel
               to
               a
               place
               called
               Ponte
               ,
               
               where
               we
               changed
               our
               boat
               again
               ,
               coming
               into
               the
               river
               Po
               :
               In
               the
               Po
               we
               were
               rowed
               down
               stream
               about
               27
               miles
               to
               Corbola
               ;
               where
               we
               shifted
               our
               boat
               the
               fourth
               time
               ,
               not
               for
               any
               necessity
               of
               the
               place
               as
               before
               ,
               but
               because
               we
               then
               came
               into
               the
               Venetian
               territory
               and
               so
               must
               take
               a
               Venetian
               boat
               .
               We
               went
               but
               2
               or
               3
               miles
               further
               down
               the
               Po
               ,
               and
               then
               struck
               into
               a
               channel
               on
               our
               left
               hand
               ,
               passing
               a
               sluce
               to
               a
               little
               Town
               called
               Loreo
               ,
               and
               proceeding
               on
               about
               15
               miles
               further
               we
               passed
               near
               to
               Chioza
               a
               large
               Town
               built
               among
               the
               lagune
               ,
               
               and
               Pelestrina
               a
               village
               standing
               upon
               the
               Argine
               or
               Lido
               ,
               we
               
               entred
               into
               the
               lagune
               at
               the
               haven
               of
               Malamocco
               ,
               and
               soon
               after
               arrived
               at
               
                 Venice
                 Feb.
                 9.
              
               of
               which
               City
               we
               have
               already
               written
               as
               much
               as
               suffices
               for
               our
               purpose
               .
            
             
               We
               began
               our
               journey
               from
               Venice
               to
               Geneva
               by
               the
               way
               of
               Rhoetia
               and
               Swizzerland
               .
               
               Passing
               by
               boat
               to
               Mestre
               7
               miles
               ,
               and
               from
               Mestre
               to
               Treviso
               by
               coach
               12
               miles
               .
               At
               Treviso
               we
               took
               horses
               and
               a
               Vitturine
               for
               Trent
               :
               
               in
               which
               journey
               we
               spent
               two
               days
               and
               an
               half
               ,
               it
               being
               almost
               80
               miles
               riding
               .
               The
               first
               day
               we
               passed
               through
               
                 C.
                 Franco
              
               12
               miles
               ,
               
               and
               then
               over
               a
               fair
               champian
               Countrey
               to
               Bassano
               ,
               a
               very
               handsome
               and
               pleasant
               walled
               Town
               upon
               the
               river
               Brenta
               ,
               over
               which
               there
               is
               a
               good
               bridge
               of
               wood
               .
               This
               Town
               drives
               a
               great
               trade
               of
               weaving
               silks
               .
            
             
               As
               soon
               as
               we
               were
               past
               Bassano
               we
               entred
               among
               the
               mountains
               ,
               going
               up
               beside
               the
               river
               Brenta
               14
               miles
               ,
               and
               lodged
               at
               
                 Pont
                 Sigismund
              
               .
               The
               second
               day
               we
               rode
               still
               up
               beside
               the
               river
               ,
               and
               about
               2
               miles
               from
               Ponte
               we
               passed
               through
               a
               gate
               where
               we
               paid
               Datii
               to
               the
               Arch-Duke
               of
               Inspruck
               .
               At
               this
               pass
               is
               hewn
               out
               of
               the
               rock
               a
               box
               or
               little
               castle
               called
               Ca●olo
               a
               great
               height
               above
               the
               road
               ,
               
               to
               which
               there
               is
               no
               avenue
               at
               all
               ,
               but
               both
               the
               Souldiers
               that
               keep
               it
               and
               all
               their
               provisions
               must
               be
               drawn
               up
               by
               rope
               and
               pully
               ,
               only
               there
               is
               a
               fountain
               of
               fresh
               water
               in
               it
               .
               Notwithstanding
               that
               this
               fortress
               belongs
               to
               the
               Arch-Duke
               ,
               yet
               the
               Venetian
               territory
               extends
               4
               or
               5
               miles
               further
               to
               a
               place
               called
               Sixteen
               miles
               riding
               brought
               us
               to
               a
               pretty
               little
               Town
               called
               Bergo
               ,
               
               and
               13
               miles
               more
               to
               Perzine
               a
               rich
               and
               populous
               Borgh
               ,
               5
               miles
               short
               of
               Trent
               .
               Near
               this
               Town
               is
               a
               good
               valley
               ,
               but
               at
               our
               being
               there
               the
               snow
               was
               not
               melted
               .
               Between
               Bassano
               .
               and
               Ponte
               the
               Countrey
               on
               the
               left
               hand
               the
               river
               Brenta
               as
               we
               went
               up
               belongs
               to
               the
               
                 Sette
                 Commune
              
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               right
               hand
               to
               Bassano
               ;
               Upon
               the
               river
               were
               several
               saw-mills
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               quantity
               of
               timber
               floted
               
               down
               the
               stream
               to
               Padua
               .
               As
               soon
               as
               we
               got
               among
               the
               mountains
               we
               every
               where
               found
               stoves
               in
               the
               houses
               instead
               of
               Chimneys
               .
               The
               plants
               we
               observed
               in
               this
               journey
               were
               
                 Erica
                 Pannonica
              
               4.
               
               Clus
               .
               now
               in
               flower
               upon
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               mountains
               and
               the
               Rocks
               plentifully
               :
               
                 Fumaria
                 bulbosa
                 ;
                 Leucoium
                 bulbosum
                 vulgare
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 &
                 Leuc.
                 bulbosum
                 minus
                 triphyllon
              
               J.
               B.
               
            
             
               We
               got
               early
               to
               Trent
               ,
               
               a
               pretty
               little
               City
               ,
               seated
               upon
               the
               river
               Athesis
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               mountains
               ,
               which
               do
               encompass
               it
               almost
               round
               ,
               save
               the
               valley
               where
               the
               river
               runs
               .
               The
               inhabitants
               speak
               altogether
               Italian
               ;
               and
               the
               Venetian
               money
               passes
               current
               among
               them
               ,
               notwithstanding
               their
               present
               Prince
               is
               Arch-Duke
               of
               Inspruck
               .
               Beside
               the
               North
               door
               of
               the
               Domo
               we
               found
               the
               monument
               of
               Matthiolus
               having
               on
               it
               these
               inscriptions
               .
            
             
               Above
               ,
               
                 
                   Herbarum
                   vires
                   nec
                   rectiùs
                   edidit
                   alter
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nec
                   mage
                   te
                   clarus
                   hac
                   super
                   arte
                   fuit
                   .
                
                 
                   Si
                   mens
                   ut
                   corpus
                   depingi
                   posset
                   ,
                   imago
                
                 
                   Vna
                   Dioscordis
                   Matthiolique
                   foret
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Under
               his
               Effigies
               this
               ,
               
                 
                   
                     D.
                     O.
                     M.
                     
                  
                   
                     Petro
                     Andreae
                     Matthiolo
                     Senensi
                     III
                     Caesarum
                  
                   
                     Ferdinandi
                     ,
                     Maximiliani
                     &
                     Rudolphi
                     Consiliario
                  
                   
                     Et
                     Archiatro
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Et
                     Hieronymae
                     Comitissae
                     ex
                     a●tiqua
                     &
                     illustri
                  
                   
                     Castellanorum
                     seu
                     Comitum
                     Varmi
                     familia
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Ferdinandus
                     Matthiolus
                     Caesari
                     Ferdinando
                     Austriae
                     Archiduci
                     ,
                     &
                     Joanni
                     Georgio
                     Saxoniae
                     Electori
                     à
                     consiliis
                     &
                     cubiculis
                     medicus
                     ;
                  
                   
                     Apostolica
                     &
                     Imperiali
                     auctoritatibus
                     Sacri
                     Pala
                     tii
                     Lateranen
                     .
                     Aulaeque
                     Caesareae
                     comes
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Et
                     armatae
                     militiae
                     eques
                     auratus
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Vna
                     cùm
                     Maximiliano
                     fratre
                  
                   
                   
                     Anniversariis
                     precibus
                     institutis
                  
                   
                     Parentibus
                     bene
                     merentissimis
                     PP
                     .
                     Ann.
                     MDCXVII
                     .
                  
                   
                     Vixit
                     ille
                     an
                     .
                     LXXVII
                     .
                  
                   
                     Ann.
                     Christi
                     MDLXXVII
                     .
                     obiit
                     Tridenti
                     .
                  
                   
                     Vixit
                     illa
                     an
                     .
                     XXXII
                     .
                  
                   
                     Obiit
                     ibidem
                     An.
                     Dom.
                     MDLXIX
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               Below
               this
               Distich
               ,
               
                 
                   Saxa
                   quidem
                   absumit
                   tempus
                   ,
                   sed
                   tempore
                   nunquam
                
                 
                   Interitura
                   tua
                   est
                   gloria
                   Matthiole
                   .
                
              
            
             
               On
               the
               front
               of
               the
               Quire
               is
               this
               following
               inscription
               concerning
               the
               Council
               held
               in
               this
               City
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Sacrosanctum
                       postremum
                       Oecumenicum
                       generale
                       Concilium
                       fuit
                       in
                       hac
                       celeberrima
                       civitate
                       celebratum
                       ;
                       &
                       quidem
                       sub
                       Papa
                       Paulo
                       III
                       ,
                       Anno
                       MDXLV
                       ,
                       XIII
                       Decembris
                       pro
                       felice
                       inchoatione
                       fuit
                       facta
                       Processio
                       generalis
                       per
                       totam
                       Urbem
                       ,
                       ab
                       Ecclesia
                       Sanctissimae
                       Trinitatis
                       ad
                       hanc
                       Ecclesiam
                       Cathedralem
                       ;
                       quâ
                       finitâ
                       primus
                       Cardinalis
                       Praesidens
                       ,
                       qui
                       postea
                       fuit
                       Papa
                       Julius
                       III
                       ,
                       [
                       prout
                       etiam
                       alter
                       Card.
                       Praesidens
                       fuit
                       Papa
                       Marcellus
                       II
                       nominatus
                       ]
                       in
                       hoc
                       loco
                       eminentiore
                       ,
                       tunc
                       magis
                       amplo
                       ,
                       ad
                       celebrandum
                       Concilium
                       &
                       Sessiones
                       faciendas
                       deputato
                       ,
                       ad
                       altare
                       S.
                       &
                       Gloriosissimi
                       martyris
                       Vigilii
                       hujus
                       Ecclesiae
                       patroni
                       celebravit
                       missam
                       de
                       Spiritu
                       S.
                       Ac
                       reliquis
                       caeremoniis
                       peractis
                       fuerunt
                       sub
                       D.
                       Paulo
                       III
                       celebratae
                       octo
                       publicae
                       Sessiones
                       cum
                       decretis
                       ,
                       &
                       aliae
                       tres
                       ob
                       vastam
                       pestem
                       in
                       hac
                       Urbe
                       grassantem
                       Bononiae
                       ,
                       ubi
                       nihil
                       fuit
                       decretum
                       ,
                       Anno
                       MDXLVII
                       .
                       Postea
                       cessante
                       peste
                       &
                       bellis
                       fuit
                       reductum
                       hoc
                       Concilium
                       ,
                       &
                       in
                       hoc
                       eodem
                       loco
                       fuerunt
                       sub
                       Papa
                       Julio
                       III
                       celebratae
                       aliae
                       publicae
                       sex
                       Sessiones
                       cum
                       Decretis
                       Annis
                       1551
                       ,
                       1552
                       ,
                       quibus
                       interfuerunt
                       tres
                       Seren
                       issimi
                       Principes
                       Ecclesiastici
                       ,
                       S.
                       R.
                       I.
                       Electores
                       Archiepiscopi
                       ,
                       
                         Moguntinus
                         ,
                         Trevirensis
                         ,
                         Coloniensis
                      
                       ,
                       1°
                       Die
                       Septemb.
                       1551.
                       hanc
                       Urbem
                       ingressi
                       ;
                       prout
                       
                       etiam
                       Serenissimus
                       Elector
                       Brandenburgensis
                       duos
                       oratores
                       huc
                       ablegavit
                       .
                       Demum
                       sub
                       Papa
                       Pio
                       IV
                       Anno
                       1561
                       &
                       1563
                       fuerunt
                       celebratae
                       ultimae
                       novem
                       publicae
                       Sessiones
                       cum
                       Decretis
                       in
                       Ecclesia
                       S.
                       Mariae
                       majoris
                       hujus
                       urbis
                       ,
                       istius
                       Ecclesiae
                       Reverendissimo
                       Capitulo
                       incorporata
                       ,
                       sicuti
                       etiam
                       Ecclesia
                       S.
                       Petri.
                       Et
                       nihilominus
                       ad
                       pedes
                       Sanctissimi
                       Crucifixi
                       tum
                       in
                       hoc
                       loco
                       existentis
                       &
                       nunc
                       aliò
                       translati
                       pro
                       Decretorum
                       corroboratione
                       scmper
                       fuerunt
                       publicata
                       omnia
                       dicti
                       Concilii
                       Decreta
                       .
                       Interfuerunt
                       sub
                       dictis
                       summis
                       Pontificibus
                       celebrationi
                       Cardinales
                       Legati
                       13
                       ,
                       inter
                       quos
                       
                         Christophorus
                         Madrucius
                      
                       ;
                       non
                       Legati
                       4
                       ,
                       inter
                       quos
                       
                         Ludovicus
                         Madrucius
                      
                       :
                       Oratores
                       Principum
                       totius
                       Europae
                       29
                       :
                       Patriarchae
                       3
                       :
                       Archiepiscopi
                       33
                       :
                       inter
                       quos
                       Archiepiscopus
                       Rossaniensis
                       ,
                       qui
                       postea
                       fuit
                       Vrbanus
                       7
                       nominatus
                       :
                       Episcopi
                       233
                       :
                       Abbates
                       18
                       :
                       Generales
                       ordinum
                       12
                       :
                       Theologiae
                       Doctores
                       148
                       ;
                       Procuratores
                       18
                       :
                       Officiales
                       Concilii
                       3
                       :
                       Cantores
                       9
                       :
                       Natarii
                       4
                       :
                       Cursores
                       Papae
                       2.
                       
                    
                     
                       Sacrosancto
                       Spiritui
                       S.
                       omnium
                       Conciliorum
                       directori
                       sacratissima
                       Die
                       Pentecostes
                       ,
                       Anno
                       1639.
                       dicatum
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               Heer
               are
               no
               remarkable
               Churches
               or
               other
               buildings
               .
               The
               Bishop
               is
               both
               spiritual
               and
               temporal
               Prince
               .
               Under
               him
               there
               is
               a
               Governour
               who
               yet
               can
               do
               nothing
               without
               the
               Council
               ,
               which
               consists
               of
               8
               persons
               ,
               viz.
               The
               Podestà
               or
               Mayor
               of
               the
               City
               ;
               the
               Capitaneo
               ,
               two
               Canons
               of
               the
               Church
               and
               4
               Gentlemen
               or
               Citizens
               .
               All
               these
               are
               nominated
               and
               appointed
               by
               the
               Bishop
               and
               continue
               in
               power
               during
               life
               
                 modò
                 bene
                 se
                 gesserint
              
               .
               There
               be
               14
               Canons
               bel
               onging
               to
               the
               Cathedral
               all
               Noblemen
               ,
               and
               by
               these
               the
               Bishop
               is
               chosen
               .
               The
               Bishops
               name
               then
               was
               Sigismundus
               E.
               of
               Tirol
               ,
               commonly
               called
               Arch-Duke
               of
               Inspruck
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Of
                 the
                 natural
                 Abilities
                 ,
                 Temper
                 and
                 Inclinations
                 ,
                 Manners
                 and
                 Customs
                 ,
                 Virtues
                 and
                 Vices
                 of
                 the
                 Italians
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 Italians
                 are
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 confession
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 write
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 ingenious
                 ,
                 apprehensive
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 and
                 quick-witted
                 .
                 *
                 Barclay
                 (
                 who
                 is
                 not
                 too
                 favourable
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Character
                 he
                 gives
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 saith
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 
                   animum
                   rerum
                   omnium
                   capacem
                
                 ;
                 and
                 again
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 so
                 difficult
                 
                   ad
                   quod
                   Italici
                   acuminis
                   praestantia
                   non
                   tollatur
                   .
                
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 patient
                 and
                 assiduous
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 they
                 set
                 about
                 or
                 desire
                 to
                 learn
                 ,
                 never
                 giving
                 over
                 till
                 they
                 master
                 it
                 and
                 attain
                 the
                 perfection
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 a
                 still
                 ,
                 quiet
                 people
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 naturally
                 melancholy
                 ;
                 of
                 a
                 middle
                 temper
                 between
                 the
                 fastuous
                 gravity
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniard
                 and
                 unquiet
                 levity
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 agreeing
                 very
                 well
                 with
                 the
                 English
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Scots
                 are
                 observed
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 Spaniards
                 with
                 the
                 Irish
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 very
                 faithful
                 and
                 loving
                 to
                 their
                 friends
                 ,
                 mindful
                 of
                 a
                 courtesie
                 received
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 lies
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 or
                 power
                 for
                 one
                 good
                 turn
                 will
                 do
                 you
                 two
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 had
                 from
                 a
                 very
                 intelligent
                 person
                 who
                 hath
                 lived
                 and
                 conversed
                 long
                 enough
                 among
                 them
                 to
                 know
                 them
                 throughly
                 .
                 Barclay
                 himself
                 confesseth
                 ,
                 that
                 where
                 they
                 do
                 truly
                 love
                 
                   omnia
                   discrimina
                   habent
                   infra
                   tam
                   humani
                   foederis
                   sanctitatem
                   .
                
                 Understand
                 it
                 of
                 the
                 better
                 so●t
                 ;
                 for
                 Shopkeepers
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 are
                 false
                 and
                 fraudulent
                 enough
                 ;
                 and
                 Inn-keepers
                 ,
                 Carriers
                 ,
                 Watermen
                 and
                 Porters
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 horribly
                 exacting
                 if
                 you
                 make
                 not
                 an
                 explicit
                 
                 bargain
                 with
                 them
                 beforehand
                 :
                 insomuch
                 that
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 the
                 State
                 hath
                 thought
                 it
                 necessary
                 by
                 public
                 Bando
                 and
                 decree
                 to
                 determine
                 how
                 much
                 Inn-keepers
                 shall
                 receive
                 of
                 travellers
                 for
                 their
                 dinner
                 and
                 for
                 their
                 supper
                 and
                 lodging
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 not
                 easily
                 provoked
                 ,
                 but
                 will
                 bear
                 long
                 with
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 more
                 with
                 strangers
                 than
                 their
                 own
                 Countreymen
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 also
                 very
                 careful
                 to
                 avoid
                 all
                 occasions
                 of
                 quarrel
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 or
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 may
                 offend
                 any
                 person
                 ,
                 especially
                 not
                 to
                 abuse
                 any
                 one
                 by
                 jesting
                 or
                 drollery
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 like
                 nor
                 can
                 easily
                 bear
                 .
              
               
                 No
                 people
                 in
                 Europe
                 are
                 more
                 scrupulous
                 and
                 exact
                 in
                 observing
                 all
                 the
                 punctilio's
                 of
                 civility
                 and
                 good
                 breeding
                 (
                 
                   bella
                   creanza
                
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 only
                 methinks
                 the
                 Epithets
                 they
                 bestow
                 upon
                 mean
                 persons
                 are
                 somewhat
                 extravagant
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 ridiculous
                 ,
                 as
                 when
                 they
                 stile
                 a
                 mechanic
                 or
                 common
                 tradesman
                 
                   Signor
                   molto
                   magnifico
                
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 company
                 together
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 only
                 give
                 every
                 man
                 his
                 turn
                 of
                 speaking
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 attend
                 till
                 he
                 hath
                 done
                 ,
                 accounting
                 it
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 very
                 ill
                 breeding
                 to
                 interrupt
                 any
                 man
                 in
                 his
                 discourse
                 ,
                 as
                 hating
                 to
                 be
                 interrupted
                 themselves
                 .
                 Contrary
                 to
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 and
                 Dutch
                 ,
                 who
                 make
                 no
                 scruple
                 of
                 interrupting
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 talk
                 all
                 together
                 .
                 As
                 careful
                 are
                 they
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 whisper
                 privately
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 when
                 in
                 company
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 talk
                 in
                 an
                 unknown
                 language
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 company
                 understands
                 not
                 .
                 They
                 do
                 also
                 shew
                 their
                 civility
                 to
                 strangers
                 in
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 asking
                 them
                 what
                 Religion
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 ,
                 avoiding
                 all
                 unnecessary
                 disputes
                 about
                 that
                 subject
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 engender
                 quarrels
                 :
                 which
                 thing
                 we
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 France
                 you
                 shall
                 searce
                 exchange
                 three
                 words
                 with
                 any
                 man
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 ask
                 you
                 that
                 question
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 easie
                 for
                 a
                 stranger
                 to
                 get
                 acquaintance
                 and
                 
                 familiarity
                 with
                 the
                 Italians
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 much
                 delighting
                 to
                 converse
                 with
                 strangers
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 knowing
                 their
                 humours
                 and
                 customs
                 .
                 Yet
                 is
                 their
                 conversation
                 when
                 gotten
                 pleasant
                 and
                 agreeable
                 ,
                 their
                 discourse
                 profitable
                 and
                 carriage
                 obliging
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 even
                 of
                 the
                 ordinary
                 sort
                 of
                 people
                 ,
                 will
                 discourse
                 intelligently
                 about
                 Politic
                 affairs
                 and
                 the
                 government
                 and
                 interest
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 being
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 and
                 delighted
                 in
                 Politic
                 studies
                 and
                 discourses
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 very
                 covetous
                 of
                 liberty
                 ,
                 especially
                 such
                 Cities
                 as
                 have
                 been
                 formerly
                 Common-wealths
                 ,
                 discourses
                 or
                 treatises
                 of
                 that
                 subject
                 making
                 deep
                 impressions
                 on
                 their
                 minds
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 not
                 only
                 books
                 but
                 also
                 discourses
                 about
                 former
                 revolutions
                 are
                 prohibited
                 .
                 Barclay
                 also
                 saith
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 
                   gloriosae
                   libertatis
                   cupidi
                   ,
                   cujus
                   adhuc
                   imaginem
                   vident
                   .
                
                 Hence
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 Italy
                 build
                 store
                 of
                 Castles
                 and
                 cittadels
                 in
                 their
                 territories
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 against
                 their
                 enemies
                 as
                 to
                 bridle
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 secure
                 themselves
                 against
                 tumults
                 and
                 insurrections
                 .
                 A
                 strange
                 thing
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 Italy
                 the
                 Neapolitans
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 tasted
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 liberty
                 ,
                 nor
                 mended
                 their
                 condition
                 by
                 their
                 commotions
                 ,
                 but
                 always
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 say
                 )
                 
                   leapt
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   frying-pan
                   into
                   the
                   fire
                   ,
                
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 tumultuous
                 and
                 given
                 to
                 rebel
                 against
                 their
                 Princes
                 .
                 Leti
                 tells
                 us
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 petty
                 subordinate
                 Princes
                 in
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Naples
                 called
                 
                   Thomaso
                   Ferrari
                
                 ,
                 who
                 governed
                 his
                 subjects
                 not
                 like
                 vassals
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 that
                 sweetness
                 and
                 gentleness
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 own
                 children
                 ;
                 yet
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 fellows
                 taking
                 arms
                 come
                 into
                 their
                 Princes
                 presence
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   Sir
                   Prince
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   come
                   to
                   drive
                   you
                   out
                   of
                   your
                   Palace
                   and
                   burn
                   all
                   your
                   moveables
                   .
                   Why
                
                 (
                 answers
                 the
                 Prince
                 )
                 
                   can
                   you
                   find
                   fault
                   with
                   my
                   government
                   ?
                   Are
                   you
                   aggrieved
                   in
                   any
                   thing
                   and
                   it
                   shall
                   be
                   redressed
                   :
                   No
                
                 (
                 replied
                 they
                 )
                 
                 
                   but
                   because
                   we
                   understand
                   that
                   many
                   of
                   our
                   Countreymen
                   have
                   revolted
                   from
                   their
                   Lords
                   ,
                   we
                   also
                   to
                   shew
                   that
                   we
                   love
                   revolutions
                   ,
                   are
                   resolved
                   to
                   rebel
                   against
                   you
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Italians
                 are
                 greatly
                 delighted
                 in
                 Pictures
                 ,
                 statues
                 and
                 music
                 from
                 the
                 highest
                 to
                 the
                 lowest
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 intemperately
                 fond
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 that
                 they
                 will
                 give
                 any
                 rate
                 for
                 a
                 choice
                 picture
                 or
                 statue
                 .
                 Though
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 cannot
                 paint
                 or
                 play
                 on
                 the
                 music
                 ,
                 yet
                 do
                 they
                 all
                 affect
                 skill
                 and
                 judgment
                 in
                 both
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 knowledge
                 is
                 enough
                 to
                 denominate
                 a
                 man
                 a
                 virtuoso
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 also
                 curious
                 in
                 collecting
                 ancient
                 coyns
                 and
                 medals
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 great
                 admirers
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 language
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 wholly
                 given
                 to
                 cultivate
                 ,
                 polish
                 and
                 enrich
                 that
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 neglect
                 the
                 Latine
                 ,
                 few
                 of
                 them
                 now
                 adays
                 speaking
                 or
                 writing
                 well
                 therein
                 ;
                 but
                 mingling
                 so
                 many
                 Italian
                 idiotisms
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 have
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 understand
                 what
                 they
                 speak
                 or
                 write
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Greek
                 ,
                 few
                 or
                 none
                 have
                 any
                 tolerable
                 skill
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 study
                 thereof
                 being
                 generally
                 neglected
                 and
                 laid
                 aside
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 very
                 temperate
                 in
                 their
                 diet
                 ,
                 eating
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 sallet
                 and
                 but
                 little
                 flesh
                 .
                 Their
                 wine
                 they
                 drink
                 well
                 diluted
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 seldom
                 to
                 any
                 excess
                 .
                 We
                 saw
                 only
                 one
                 Italian
                 drunk
                 by
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 a
                 year
                 and
                 half
                 that
                 we
                 sojourned
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 Whether
                 it
                 be
                 that
                 in
                 hot
                 Countreys
                 men
                 have
                 not
                 so
                 good
                 stomachs
                 as
                 in
                 cold
                 ;
                 or
                 whether
                 meat
                 as
                 being
                 better
                 concocted
                 nourishes
                 more
                 there
                 ;
                 or
                 that
                 the
                 Italians
                 are
                 out
                 of
                 principle
                 ,
                 temper
                 or
                 custom
                 more
                 sober
                 and
                 temperate
                 than
                 other
                 nations
                 .
                 Their
                 herbs
                 seemed
                 to
                 me
                 more
                 savory
                 and
                 better
                 concocted
                 than
                 ours
                 .
                 Their
                 water
                 also
                 was
                 not
                 so
                 crude
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 flesh
                 ours
                 in
                 my
                 judgment
                 much
                 excels
                 theirs
                 ,
                 being
                 much
                 more
                 succulent
                 and
                 sapid
                 .
                 Yet
                 in
                 Rome
                 have
                 I
                 eaten
                 beef
                 not
                 inferiour
                 to
                 ours
                 :
                 but
                 I
                 suppose
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 of
                 German
                 oxen
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 informed
                 )
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 driven
                 thither
                 :
                 and
                 for
                 sucking
                 veal
                 
                 the
                 Romans
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 already
                 noted
                 )
                 think
                 theirs
                 preferrable
                 to
                 any
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italians
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 of
                 inferiour
                 quality
                 ,
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 very
                 sparing
                 and
                 frugal
                 :
                 Whether
                 it
                 be
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 educated
                 and
                 accustomed
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 the
                 gabels
                 and
                 taxes
                 which
                 they
                 pay
                 to
                 their
                 governours
                 are
                 so
                 great
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 afford
                 to
                 spend
                 much
                 on
                 themselves
                 ;
                 or
                 because
                 naturally
                 loving
                 their
                 case
                 they
                 had
                 rather
                 live
                 nearly
                 then
                 take
                 much
                 pains
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Nobility
                 and
                 great
                 persons
                 chuse
                 rather
                 to
                 spend
                 their
                 revenues
                 in
                 building
                 fair
                 palaces
                 and
                 adorning
                 them
                 with
                 Pictures
                 and
                 statues
                 ,
                 in
                 making
                 stately
                 and
                 spacious
                 orachards
                 ,
                 gardens
                 and
                 walks
                 ,
                 in
                 keeping
                 coaches
                 and
                 horses
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 retinue
                 of
                 servants
                 and
                 staffiers
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 keeping
                 great
                 houses
                 and
                 plentiful
                 tables
                 ;
                 giving
                 board-wages
                 to
                 their
                 servants
                 and
                 attendants
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 is
                 the
                 better
                 way
                 of
                 spending
                 estates
                 ,
                 these
                 things
                 finding
                 poor
                 people
                 employment
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 money
                 comes
                 to
                 be
                 distributed
                 among
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 industry
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 other
                 way
                 maintains
                 in
                 idleness
                 such
                 persons
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 as
                 least
                 deserve
                 relief
                 :
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 modest
                 and
                 deserving
                 chusing
                 rather
                 (
                 if
                 possibly
                 they
                 can
                 )
                 to
                 maintain
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 families
                 by
                 the
                 labour
                 of
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 than
                 hang
                 about
                 great
                 houses
                 for
                 a
                 meals
                 meat
                 .
                 Besides
                 that
                 great
                 house-keeping
                 is
                 very
                 often
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 always
                 ,
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 great
                 disorder
                 and
                 intemperance
                 .
                 Were
                 I
                 therefore
                 Gods
                 steward
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 estate
                 (
                 for
                 such
                 all
                 rich
                 men
                 are
                 or
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 I
                 should
                 think
                 it
                 more
                 charity
                 to
                 employ
                 poor
                 people
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 mony
                 for
                 their
                 work
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 distribute
                 my
                 estate
                 among
                 them
                 freely
                 and
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 idleness
                 ,
                 I
                 mean
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 labour
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 inferiour
                 Gentry
                 affect
                 to
                 appear
                 in
                 public
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 splendour
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 deny
                 themselves
                 many
                 satisfactions
                 at
                 home
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 coach
                 ,
                 and
                 therein
                 make
                 the
                 
                   tour
                   à
                   la
                   mode
                
                 about
                 the
                 streets
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 every
                 evening
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italians
                 when
                 they
                 call
                 ,
                 speak
                 to
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 use
                 only
                 the
                 Christian
                 name
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Signor
                   Giacomo
                   ,
                   Signor
                   Giovanni
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 for
                 distinctions
                 sake
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 you
                 may
                 converse
                 among
                 them
                 perchance
                 some
                 months
                 before
                 you
                 hear
                 any
                 mans
                 surname
                 mentioned
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italian
                 Gentry
                 live
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Cities
                 are
                 so
                 splendid
                 and
                 well
                 built
                 ,
                 so
                 populous
                 and
                 rich
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Countrey
                 so
                 poor
                 and
                 thinly
                 inhabited
                 .
                 Yet
                 are
                 the
                 Noblemens
                 Palaces
                 rather
                 great
                 and
                 stately
                 ,
                 than
                 commodious
                 for
                 habitation
                 .
                 In
                 many
                 Cities
                 the
                 paper
                 windows
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 tatter'd
                 and
                 broken
                 )
                 disgrace
                 the
                 buildings
                 ,
                 being
                 unsuitable
                 to
                 their
                 magnificence
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 houses
                 are
                 generally
                 built
                 of
                 stone
                 ,
                 thick
                 walled
                 and
                 high
                 rooft
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 warm
                 in
                 Winter
                 and
                 cool
                 in
                 Summer
                 :
                 but
                 they
                 contrive
                 them
                 rather
                 for
                 coolness
                 than
                 warmth
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 make
                 the
                 windows
                 large
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 air
                 enough
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Gentry
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Venice
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 many
                 brothers
                 of
                 one
                 house
                 only
                 one
                 usually
                 marries
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 eldest
                 if
                 he
                 pleases
                 ;
                 if
                 he
                 be
                 not
                 disposed
                 then
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 agree
                 among
                 themselves
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 do
                 what
                 they
                 can
                 to
                 greaten
                 him
                 that
                 is
                 married
                 ,
                 to
                 uphold
                 the
                 Family
                 .
                 The
                 brothers
                 that
                 marry
                 not
                 keep
                 concubines
                 or
                 whores
                 ;
                 which
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 sin
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 Confessors
                 can
                 easily
                 absolve
                 them
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 of
                 Italy
                 there
                 are
                 Academies
                 or
                 Societies
                 of
                 Virtuosi
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 at
                 set
                 times
                 their
                 meetings
                 and
                 exercises
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 prolusions
                 of
                 wit
                 and
                 Rhetoric
                 ,
                 or
                 discourses
                 about
                 moral
                 subjects
                 ,
                 curious
                 questions
                 and
                 Problems
                 ,
                 or
                 Paradoxes
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 extemporany
                 ,
                 
                 sometimes
                 premeditated
                 .
                 These
                 have
                 their
                 head
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 certain
                 number
                 of
                 Academists
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 chosen
                 by
                 balloting
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 seldom
                 refuse
                 any
                 that
                 offer
                 themselves
                 to
                 election
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 these
                 Academies
                 assume
                 to
                 themselves
                 conceited
                 or
                 fanciful
                 names
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 a
                 suteable
                 imprese
                 or
                 coat
                 of
                 arms
                 ;
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 the
                 Academists
                 of
                 Bergamo
                 call
                 themselves
                 Eccitati
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 imprese
                 is
                 the
                 picture
                 of
                 the
                 morning
                 .
                 In
                 Mantua
                 the
                 Academists
                 called
                 Accesi
                 have
                 taken
                 for
                 their
                 Emblem
                 a
                 Looking-glass
                 reflecting
                 the
                 Sun-beams
                 ;
                 those
                 called
                 Timidi
                 a
                 hare
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 in
                 Rome
                 there
                 are
                 3
                 Academies
                 ,
                 the
                 Humoristi
                 ,
                 the
                 Lyncei
                 and
                 the
                 Fantastici
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Padua
                   3
                
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Ricoverati
                   ,
                   Infiammati
                
                 and
                 Incogniti
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Bologna
                   3
                   ,
                   Ardenti
                   ,
                   Indomiti
                   ,
                
                 and
                 one
                 innominate
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Venice
                   2
                   ,
                   Discordanti
                
                 and
                 Gussoni
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Naples
                   2
                   ,
                   Ardenti
                
                 and
                 Intronati
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Luca
                   2
                   ,
                   Oscuri
                
                 and
                 Freddi
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Florence
                   la
                   Crusca
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Siena
                   Intronati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Genoa
                   Addormentati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Vicenza
                   Olympici
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Parma
                   Innominati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Pavia
                   Affidati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Milan
                   Nascosti
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Ferrara
                   Elevati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Rimini
                   Adagiati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Cesena
                   Offuscati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Ancona
                   Caliginosi
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Fabriano
                   Disuniti
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Perugia
                   Insensati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Viterbo
                   Ostinati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Brescia
                   Occulti
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Faenza
                   Philoponi
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Treviso
                   Perseveranti
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Fermo
                   Raffrontati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Verona
                   Philarmonici
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Macerata
                   Catenati
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Alessandria
                   Immobili
                
                 :
                 in
                 
                   Vrbin
                   Assorditi
                
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 of
                 the
                 Italians
                 of
                 any
                 fashion
                 wear
                 black
                 or
                 dark
                 coloured
                 cloths
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 fashion
                 of
                 them
                 follow
                 the
                 French
                 (
                 but
                 not
                 too
                 hastily
                 )
                 excepting
                 those
                 Countries
                 which
                 are
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 ;
                 which
                 use
                 the
                 Spanish
                 habit
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 their
                 vices
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 chiefly
                 taxed
                 for
                 three
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Revenge
                 ;
                 they
                 thinking
                 it
                 an
                 ignoble
                 and
                 unmanly
                 thing
                 to
                 put
                 up
                 or
                 pass
                 by
                 any
                 injury
                 or
                 affront
                 .
                 Many
                 times
                 also
                 they
                 dissemble
                 or
                 conceal
                 their
                 displeasure
                 and
                 hatred
                 under
                 a
                 pretence
                 of
                 
                 friendship
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 more
                 easily
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 of
                 whom
                 they
                 hate
                 by
                 poisoning
                 ,
                 assassinating
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 way
                 ;
                 for
                 nothing
                 will
                 satisfie
                 them
                 but
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 injured
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 there
                 be
                 Bravo's
                 and
                 cut-throats
                 ready
                 to
                 murther
                 any
                 man
                 for
                 a
                 small
                 piece
                 of
                 mony
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 worst
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 implacable
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 to
                 be
                 trusted
                 when
                 they
                 say
                 they
                 pardon
                 .
                 Hence
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 Proverb
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   Amicitie
                   reconciliate
                   &
                   menestre
                   riscaldate
                   non
                   furono
                   mai
                   grate
                   .
                
                 The
                 women
                 also
                 provoke
                 their
                 children
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 their
                 fathers
                 by
                 shewing
                 them
                 the
                 weapons
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 murthered
                 ,
                 or
                 cloths
                 dipt
                 in
                 their
                 blood
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 feuds
                 between
                 families
                 are
                 maintained
                 and
                 entail'd
                 from
                 generation
                 to
                 generation
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 qualities
                 for
                 which
                 we
                 usually
                 say
                 ,
                 An
                 English
                 man
                 Italianate
                 is
                 a
                 Devil
                 incarnate
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Lust
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 inhabitants
                 of
                 hot
                 Countreys
                 are
                 by
                 the
                 temper
                 of
                 their
                 bodies
                 inclined
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 all
                 Cities
                 and
                 great
                 Towns
                 do
                 so
                 swarm
                 with
                 Courtezans
                 and
                 Harlots
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 avoid
                 worse
                 evils
                 the
                 State
                 is
                 necessitated
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 public
                 toleration
                 and
                 protection
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 masculine
                 venery
                 and
                 other
                 works
                 of
                 darkness
                 ,
                 I
                 shall
                 not
                 charge
                 the
                 Italians
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 having
                 sufficient
                 ground
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 (
                 as
                 Barclay
                 saith
                 )
                 
                   Haec
                   scelera
                   tenebris
                   damnata
                   &
                   negari
                   faciliùs
                   à
                   consciis
                   possunt
                   ,
                   &
                   ab
                   aemulis
                   fingi
                   .
                
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 which
                 strangely
                 possesses
                 this
                 people
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 for
                 every
                 little
                 suspicion
                 they
                 will
                 shut
                 up
                 their
                 wives
                 in
                 a
                 chamber
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 the
                 key
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 stir
                 abroad
                 unless
                 themselves
                 accompany
                 them
                 .
                 To
                 salute
                 an
                 Italians
                 wife
                 with
                 a
                 kiss
                 is
                 a
                 stabbing
                 matter
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 call
                 a
                 man
                 cornuto
                 or
                 Cuckold
                 in
                 good
                 earnest
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 affront
                 or
                 disgrace
                 you
                 can
                 put
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 married
                 women
                 in
                 Italy
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 have
                 but
                 bad
                 
                 lives
                 ,
                 being
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 confined
                 to
                 their
                 houses
                 except
                 when
                 they
                 go
                 to
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 have
                 an
                 old
                 woman
                 attending
                 them
                 :
                 the
                 doors
                 of
                 their
                 houses
                 shut
                 up
                 at
                 dinner
                 and
                 supper
                 ;
                 all
                 visits
                 and
                 familiar
                 discourses
                 with
                 men
                 denied
                 them
                 ;
                 neither
                 can
                 they
                 speak
                 or
                 smile
                 without
                 suspicion
                 :
                 one
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 among
                 others
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 husbands
                 knowing
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 dishonest
                 and
                 false
                 to
                 their
                 wives
                 ,
                 they
                 presume
                 that
                 had
                 they
                 opportunity
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 more
                 true
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 for
                 all
                 this
                 guarding
                 and
                 circumspection
                 are
                 not
                 the
                 Italian
                 Dames
                 more
                 uncorrupt
                 than
                 the
                 matrons
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 but
                 find
                 means
                 to
                 deceive
                 their
                 husbands
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 dishonest
                 in
                 spight
                 of
                 jealousie
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 these
                 I
                 might
                 add
                 Swearing
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 ordinary
                 among
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 the
                 Priests
                 and
                 Monks
                 themselves
                 scarce
                 abstaining
                 from
                 oaths
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 believe
                 they
                 account
                 it
                 no
                 sin
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 general
                 custom
                 all
                 over
                 Italy
                 to
                 sleep
                 an
                 hour
                 or
                 two
                 after
                 dinner
                 in
                 Summer
                 time
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 from
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 clock
                 till
                 four
                 in
                 the
                 afternoon
                 you
                 shall
                 scarce
                 see
                 any
                 body
                 stirring
                 about
                 the
                 streets
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 Indeed
                 if
                 one
                 sits
                 still
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 hard
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 eyes
                 open
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
                 Either
                 this
                 custom
                 did
                 not
                 prevail
                 when
                 the
                 School
                 of
                 Salerno
                 wrote
                 their
                 Physic
                 precepts
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 direction
                 ,
                 
                   Sit
                   brevis
                   ant
                   nullus
                   tibi
                   somnus
                   meridianus
                   ,
                
                 was
                 calculated
                 for
                 England
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 King
                 that
                 Book
                 was
                 dedicated
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 the
                 Italian
                 Physicians
                 still
                 advise
                 people
                 either
                 not
                 to
                 sleep
                 at
                 all
                 after
                 dinner
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 must
                 sleep
                 ,
                 to
                 strip
                 off
                 their
                 cloths
                 and
                 go
                 to
                 bed
                 ,
                 or
                 only
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 nod
                 in
                 a
                 chair
                 sitting
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 many
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 are
                 Hospitals
                 where
                 Pilgrims
                 and
                 poor
                 travellers
                 are
                 entertained
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 diet
                 and
                 lodging
                 for
                 three
                 days
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 reason
                 to
                 stay
                 so
                 long
                 )
                 gratis
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 mony
                 when
                 they
                 go
                 away
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 Hospitals
                 to
                 receive
                 exposed
                 children
                 ,
                 if
                 I
                 may
                 so
                 term
                 them
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 any
                 without
                 exception
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 brought
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 at
                 a
                 grate
                 on
                 purpose
                 ,
                 whither
                 upon
                 ringing
                 of
                 a
                 bell
                 an
                 Officer
                 comes
                 presently
                 and
                 receives
                 the
                 child
                 ,
                 and
                 asking
                 the
                 party
                 that
                 brought
                 it
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 baptized
                 ?
                 carries
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 nurse
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 suck
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 it
                 is
                 maintained
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 grown
                 up
                 .
                 The
                 place
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 put
                 in
                 is
                 so
                 strait
                 as
                 to
                 admit
                 only
                 children
                 new
                 born
                 or
                 very
                 young
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 look
                 upon
                 as
                 a
                 good
                 institution
                 in
                 great
                 Cities
                 ,
                 taking
                 away
                 from
                 women
                 the
                 temptation
                 of
                 murthering
                 their
                 new-born
                 children
                 ,
                 or
                 destroying
                 their
                 conceptions
                 in
                 the
                 womb
                 ,
                 to
                 hide
                 their
                 shame
                 .
                 I
                 know
                 what
                 may
                 be
                 objected
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 viz.
                 that
                 it
                 emboldens
                 them
                 to
                 play
                 the
                 wantons
                 ,
                 having
                 so
                 fair
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 concealing
                 it
                 :
                 
                   Sed
                   ex
                   malis
                   minimum
                
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Venice
                
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 exercising
                 charity
                 little
                 used
                 among
                 us
                 .
                 Several
                 Confraternities
                 of
                 well-disposed
                 persons
                 raise
                 sums
                 of
                 mony
                 by
                 a
                 free
                 contribution
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 bestow
                 yearly
                 in
                 portions
                 for
                 the
                 marrying
                 of
                 poor
                 maids
                 ,
                 which
                 else
                 might
                 want
                 husbands
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 tempted
                 to
                 dishonest
                 practises
                 to
                 maintain
                 themselves
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 look
                 upon
                 as
                 well-plac'd
                 alms
                 and
                 worthy
                 the
                 imitation
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 very
                 convenient
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 new-married
                 people
                 should
                 have
                 somewhat
                 to
                 furnish
                 their
                 houses
                 and
                 begin
                 the
                 world
                 with
                 ;
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 fitting
                 ,
                 that
                 young
                 persons
                 should
                 be
                 encouraged
                 to
                 marry
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 multiplying
                 of
                 people
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 chiefly
                 consists
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 preventing
                 those
                 evils
                 to
                 which
                 young
                 and
                 single
                 persons
                 are
                 strongly
                 tempted
                 and
                 inclined
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 troublesome
                 thing
                 to
                 travel
                 with
                 fire-arms
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 you
                 being
                 forc'd
                 in
                 most
                 Cities
                 to
                 leave
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 gate
                 with
                 the
                 Guard
                 ,
                 who
                 give
                 you
                 a
                 
                 tally
                 or
                 token
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 you
                 Leave
                 the
                 City
                 you
                 bring
                 your
                 tally
                 and
                 receive
                 your
                 arms
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 done
                 to
                 prevent
                 assaults
                 and
                 murthers
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 so
                 frequent
                 in
                 many
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 the
                 G.
                 Duke
                 of
                 Tuscany
                 is
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 such
                 muthers
                 and
                 outrages
                 committed
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 under
                 his
                 dominion
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 :
                 so
                 diliegent
                 is
                 he
                 in
                 searching
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 severe
                 in
                 punishing
                 Bravo's
                 ,
                 Cut-throats
                 ,
                 Assassins
                 and
                 such
                 kind
                 of
                 malefactors
                 .
                 As
                 much
                 might
                 be
                 said
                 for
                 the
                 Pope
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 his
                 Territories
                 there
                 is
                 killing
                 enough
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 you
                 depart
                 from
                 any
                 City
                 you
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 bill
                 of
                 health
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Office
                 that
                 is
                 kept
                 every
                 where
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 :
                 without
                 which
                 you
                 can
                 hardly
                 get
                 to
                 be
                 admitted
                 into
                 another
                 City
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 another
                 Prince
                 or
                 State.
                 If
                 any
                 one
                 comes
                 from
                 an
                 infected
                 or
                 suspected
                 place
                 he
                 is
                 forced
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 Quarantain
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 be
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Lazaretto
                 or
                 Pest-house
                 40
                 days
                 before
                 he
                 be
                 permitted
                 to
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 So
                 scrupulously
                 careful
                 are
                 they
                 to
                 prevent
                 Contagion
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Rome
                 and
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 we
                 have
                 often
                 observed
                 many
                 labourers
                 that
                 wanted
                 work
                 standing
                 in
                 the
                 market
                 places
                 to
                 be
                 hired
                 ;
                 whither
                 people
                 that
                 want
                 help
                 usually
                 go
                 and
                 bargain
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Which
                 custom
                 illustrates
                 that
                 Parable
                 of
                 our
                 Saviour
                 recorded
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 20th
                 .
                 Chapter
                 of
                 S.
                 
                 Matthew's
                 Gospel
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 housholder
                 is
                 said
                 
                   to
                   go
                   out
                   about
                   the
                   third
                   hour
                   ,
                   and
                   see
                   others
                   standing
                   in
                   the
                   market-place
                   ,
                
                 ver
                 .
                 3.
                 and
                 in
                 ver
                 .
                 6.
                 he
                 is
                 said
                 
                   to
                   find
                   others
                   about
                   the
                   eleventh
                   hour
                   ,
                
                 and
                 to
                 say
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   why
                   stand
                   ye
                   heer
                   all
                   the
                   day
                   idle
                
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   ver
                   .
                   7.
                
                 they
                 answer
                 ,
                 
                   because
                   no
                   man
                   hath
                   hired
                   us
                   .
                
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 and
                 other
                 hot
                 Countreys
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 cut
                 down
                 their
                 corn
                 they
                 thresh
                 and
                 winnow
                 it
                 usually
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 floor
                 
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 air
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 bring
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 house
                 .
                 Hence
                 in
                 the
                 Scripture
                 we
                 read
                 of
                 threshing
                 floors
                 as
                 open
                 places
                 without
                 roof
                 or
                 cover
                 .
                 Such
                 I
                 suppose
                 was
                 that
                 where
                 Boaz
                 winnowed
                 barley
                 ,
                 
                   Ruth
                   3.
                   3.
                
                 
                 Neither
                 is
                 it
                 any
                 wonder
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 lie
                 there
                 all
                 night
                 :
                 for
                 at
                 Aleppo
                 and
                 even
                 in
                 Malta
                 in
                 Summer
                 time
                 they
                 set
                 their
                 beds
                 upon
                 the
                 roofs
                 of
                 their
                 houses
                 ,
                 and
                 sleep
                 
                   sub
                   Dio
                
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 air
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 custom
                 we
                 have
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 I
                 could
                 observe
                 )
                 is
                 no
                 where
                 used
                 beyond
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 is
                 for
                 children
                 to
                 beg
                 their
                 Parents
                 and
                 Godfathers
                 blessing
                 upon
                 the
                 knee
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 custom
                 which
                 prevails
                 generally
                 in
                 foreign
                 Countreys
                 is
                 but
                 little
                 used
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 salute
                 those
                 that
                 sneez
                 by
                 vailing
                 the
                 bonnet
                 ,
                 and
                 praying
                 God
                 to
                 bless
                 ,
                 assist
                 or
                 defend
                 them
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 sport
                 or
                 game
                 much
                 used
                 this
                 day
                 by
                 the
                 Italians
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Gioco
                   di
                   mora
                
                 ,
                 which
                 seems
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 used
                 by
                 the
                 ancients
                 and
                 called
                 
                   micare
                   digitis
                
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 between
                 two
                 ,
                 who
                 put
                 out
                 just
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 many
                 fingers
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 and
                 also
                 name
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 what
                 number
                 he
                 thinks
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 either
                 of
                 them
                 happens
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 fingers
                 which
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 together
                 threw
                 out
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 that
                 names
                 that
                 number
                 wins
                 one
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Meats
                 ,
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 Sallets
                 ,
                 &c.
                 used
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Observations
                 about
                 Diet.
                 
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 IN
                 Lombardy
                 and
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Tartufale
                
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 i.
                 e.
                 
                   Tubera
                   Terrae
                
                 ,
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 subterraneous
                 Mushrome
                 ,
                 which
                 our
                 Herbarists
                 
                 
                   English
                   Trubs
                
                 ,
                 or
                 after
                 the
                 French
                 name
                 Trufles
                 ,
                 are
                 accounted
                 a
                 choice
                 dish
                 ,
                 held
                 by
                 naturalists
                 to
                 be
                 incentive
                 of
                 lust
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 of
                 all
                 are
                 gotten
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 sent
                 over
                 into
                 Malta
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 sold
                 dear
                 .
                 The
                 way
                 to
                 get
                 them
                 is
                 to
                 turn
                 swine
                 into
                 a
                 field
                 where
                 they
                 grow
                 ,
                 who
                 find
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 smell
                 ,
                 and
                 root
                 them
                 up
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 one
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 swine
                 ,
                 and
                 gather
                 them
                 up
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Snails
                 boil'd
                 and
                 served
                 up
                 with
                 oyl
                 and
                 pepper
                 put
                 into
                 their
                 shells
                 are
                 also
                 accounted
                 a
                 good
                 dish
                 :
                 I
                 am
                 sure
                 they
                 are
                 sold
                 dear
                 at
                 Venice
                 and
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 great
                 whitish
                 or
                 ash-coloured
                 .
                 shell-snails
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 had
                 not
                 then
                 seen
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 since
                 found
                 plentifully
                 upon
                 the
                 Downs
                 near
                 Darking
                 in
                 Surrey
                 ,
                 whither
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 informed
                 by
                 the
                 honourable
                 
                   Charles
                   Howard
                
                 
                   Esq
                
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 from
                 beyond
                 Seas
                 by
                 .
                 Mr.
                 
                   Martin
                   Lister
                
                 hath
                 found
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 banks
                 of
                 that
                 hollow
                 lane
                 ,
                 leading
                 from
                 Puckeridge
                 to
                 Ware.
                 These
                 snails
                 before
                 winter
                 stop
                 up
                 the
                 mouth
                 or
                 aperture
                 of
                 their
                 shells
                 with
                 a
                 thick
                 hard
                 white
                 paste
                 like
                 a
                 good
                 lute
                 or
                 plaister
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 kept
                 all
                 Winter
                 in
                 barrels
                 or
                 other
                 vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 by
                 the
                 Poulterers
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 place
                 where
                 we
                 met
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 sold
                 in
                 the
                 market
                 was
                 Vienna
                 in
                 Austria
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 imitate
                 the
                 Italians
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 their
                 diet
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 buildings
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Frogs
                 are
                 another
                 Italian
                 viand
                 which
                 we
                 in
                 England
                 eat
                 not
                 .
                 These
                 they
                 usually
                 fry
                 and
                 serve
                 up
                 with
                 oil
                 .
                 At
                 Venice
                 they
                 eat
                 only
                 the
                 loins
                 and
                 hind-legs
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 at
                 Florence
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 upon
                 fish-days
                 .
                 In
                 some
                 places
                 of
                 Lombardy
                 they
                 eat
                 their
                 whole
                 bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 their
                 frogs
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 larger
                 size
                 than
                 ordinary
                 .
                 Their
                 flesh
                 shews
                 white
                 and
                 lovely
                 as
                 they
                 lie
                 in
                 the
                 markets
                 skin'd
                 and
                 ready
                 prepared
                 to
                 be
                 fried
                 .
                 Howbeit
                 even
                 there
                 in
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Kircher
                
                 in
                 his
                 book
                 
                   de
                   Peste
                
                 condemns
                 them
                 as
                 an
                 ambiguous
                 and
                 dangerous
                 meat
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 think
                 deservedly
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 
                 we
                 do
                 well
                 having
                 plenty
                 of
                 better
                 food
                 ,
                 wholly
                 to
                 abstain
                 from
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Land
                   Tortoises
                
                 are
                 accounted
                 with
                 them
                 a
                 better
                 meat
                 than
                 Sea-tortoises
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 commonly
                 to
                 be
                 sold
                 in
                 the
                 markets
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 eaten
                 by
                 those
                 Orders
                 of
                 Freres
                 whose
                 rule
                 obliges
                 them
                 to
                 abstain
                 from
                 flesh
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Carthusians
                   ,
                   Carmelites
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 They
                 eat
                 also
                 many
                 sorts
                 of
                 Shell-fish
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 either
                 have
                 not
                 or
                 meddle
                 not
                 with
                 ,
                 as
                 Purples
                 ,
                 Periwinkles
                 of
                 several
                 sorts
                 ,
                 Patellae
                 or
                 Limpets
                 ,
                 Sea-urchins
                 ,
                 which
                 last
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 every
                 day
                 in
                 the
                 markets
                 at
                 Naples
                 .
                 They
                 also
                 eat
                 the
                 Sea-tortoises
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 blood
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 stomach
                 and
                 boil'd
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 part
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Paste
                 made
                 into
                 strings
                 like
                 pack-thread
                 or
                 thongs
                 of
                 whit-leather
                 (
                 which
                 if
                 greater
                 they
                 call
                 Macaroni
                 ,
                 if
                 lesser
                 Vermicelli
                 )
                 they
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 their
                 pots
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 oat-meal
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 menestra
                 or
                 broth
                 of
                 ,
                 much
                 esteemed
                 by
                 the
                 common-people
                 .
                 These
                 boil'd
                 and
                 oil'd
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 cheese
                 scraped
                 upon
                 them
                 they
                 eat
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 buttered
                 wheat
                 or
                 rice
                 .
                 The
                 making
                 of
                 these
                 is
                 a
                 trade
                 and
                 mystery
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 every
                 great
                 town
                 you
                 shall
                 see
                 several
                 shops
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 They
                 scrape
                 or
                 grate
                 Cheese
                 upon
                 all
                 their
                 dishes
                 even
                 of
                 flesh
                 ;
                 accounting
                 that
                 it
                 gives
                 the
                 meat
                 a
                 good
                 rellish
                 ;
                 which
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 unaccustomed
                 makes
                 it
                 rather
                 nauseous
                 or
                 loathsome
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Chesnuts
                 roasted
                 and
                 the
                 kernels
                 served
                 up
                 with
                 juyce
                 of
                 Lemon
                 and
                 sugar
                 are
                 much
                 esteemed
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 some
                 called
                 the
                 Pistachios
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 At
                 Bononia
                 they
                 grind
                 them
                 and
                 make
                 little
                 cakes
                 of
                 the
                 flower
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 eaten
                 by
                 the
                 poor
                 are
                 no
                 desirable
                 dainty
                 to
                 a
                 delicate
                 palate
                 .
                 Roasted
                 Chesnuts
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 diet
                 of
                 the
                 poor
                 Pesants
                 in
                 Italy
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 elsewhere
                 noted
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 They
                 eat
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 
                   small
                   birds
                
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Germans
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                   Wrens
                   ,
                   Stares
                   ,
                   Titmise
                   ,
                   Butcher-birds
                   ,
                
                 
                 &c.
                 and
                 several
                 great
                 ones
                 which
                 we
                 touch
                 not
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Mag-pies
                   ,
                   Jayes
                   ,
                   Wood-peckers
                   ,
                   Jack-daws
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 nay
                 we
                 have
                 frequently
                 seen
                 Kites
                 and
                 Hawks
                 lying
                 on
                 the
                 Peulterers
                 stalls
                 ;
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 already
                 noted
                 in
                 our
                 description
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 They
                 use
                 several
                 herbs
                 for
                 Sallets
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 yet
                 ,
                 or
                 have
                 been
                 but
                 lately
                 used
                 in
                 
                   England
                   :
                   v.
                   g.
                   Selleri
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 sweet
                 smallage
                 ,
                 the
                 young
                 shoots
                 whereof
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 root
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 they
                 eat
                 raw
                 with
                 oyl
                 and
                 pepper
                 :
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 they
                 eat
                 Fennel
                 :
                 Artichoke
                 also
                 they
                 eat
                 raw
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 sauce
                 ;
                 [
                 the
                 same
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 that
                 is
                 eaten
                 boild
                 .
                 ]
                 In
                 Sicily
                 at
                 the
                 highest
                 village
                 upon
                 that
                 side
                 Mount
                 Aetna
                 that
                 we
                 ascended
                 ,
                 they
                 gave
                 us
                 to
                 eat
                 for
                 a
                 Sallet
                 the
                 stalks
                 of
                 a
                 tall
                 prickly
                 thistle
                 ,
                 bearing
                 a
                 yellow
                 flower
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 
                   Carduus
                   Chrysanthemus
                
                 Dod.
                 which
                 the
                 rankness
                 of
                 the
                 soil
                 had
                 caused
                 to
                 mount
                 up
                 to
                 that
                 stature
                 .
                 Besides
                 in
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 sallets
                 they
                 mingle
                 Rocket
                 ,
                 (
                 Rachetta
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 which
                 to
                 me
                 gives
                 them
                 an
                 odious
                 taste
                 .
                 
                   Curl'd
                   Endive
                
                 blancht
                 is
                 much
                 used
                 beyond
                 Seas
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 raw
                 sallet
                 seemed
                 to
                 excel
                 Lettuce
                 it self
                 :
                 Besides
                 it
                 hath
                 this
                 advantage
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 all
                 Winter
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Many
                 fruits
                 they
                 eat
                 which
                 we
                 either
                 have
                 not
                 or
                 eat
                 not
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 v.
                 g.
                 Jujubes
                 ,
                 sold
                 by
                 the
                 Hucksters
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 yet
                 green
                 :
                 L'azarole
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Mespilus
                   Aronia
                
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 pleasant
                 acid
                 taste
                 :
                 both
                 fruit
                 and
                 tree
                 exactly
                 like
                 the
                 common
                 Hawthorn
                 ,
                 but
                 bigger
                 .
                 Services
                 or
                 Sorbes
                 the
                 true
                 ,
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 little
                 Pears
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 with
                 us
                 are
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sorbus
                   torminalis
                   :
                   Green
                   figs
                
                 both
                 white
                 and
                 blew
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 ;
                 a
                 most
                 delicate
                 fruit
                 when
                 fully
                 ripe
                 ,
                 comparable
                 for
                 the
                 taste
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 marmalade
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 eaten
                 freely
                 without
                 danger
                 of
                 surfeiting
                 :
                 The
                 husks
                 or
                 cods
                 of
                 Carobs
                 ,
                 called
                 in
                 
                   Latine
                   Siliqua
                   dulcis
                
                 ,
                 in
                 Greek
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 the
                 word
                 used
                 Luke
                 15.
                 16.
                 and
                 therefore
                 by
                 some
                 supposed
                 
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 husks
                 the
                 Prodigal
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 desired
                 to
                 fill
                 his
                 belly
                 with
                 .
                 Indeed
                 we
                 thought
                 them
                 fitter
                 meat
                 from
                 swine
                 than
                 men
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 sweet
                 taste
                 ,
                 yet
                 afterwards
                 they
                 troubled
                 our
                 stomachs
                 and
                 purged
                 us
                 :
                 but
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 upon
                 all
                 men
                 the
                 like
                 effect
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Italians
                 and
                 Spaniards
                 eat
                 them
                 ordinarily
                 without
                 any
                 such
                 trouble
                 :
                 
                   Love-apples
                   :
                   Mad-apples
                
                 both
                 raw
                 and
                 pickled
                 :
                 Water-melons
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 use
                 to
                 eat
                 to
                 cool
                 and
                 refresh
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Physicians
                 allow
                 sick
                 persons
                 to
                 eat
                 them
                 in
                 Feavers
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 almost
                 as
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 Pompions
                 ,
                 have
                 a
                 green
                 rind
                 and
                 a
                 reddish
                 pulp
                 with
                 blackish
                 seed
                 when
                 ripe
                 .
                 The
                 Italians
                 call
                 these
                 Cucumeri
                 ,
                 whereas
                 Cucumers
                 they
                 call
                 Citrulli
                 .
                 Several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Gourds
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Cucurbita
                   lagenaria
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Cucurbita
                   flexuosasive
                   anguina
                
                 ;
                 which
                 eats
                 very
                 well
                 boild
                 in
                 pottage
                 :
                 
                   Cucumis
                   anguinus
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 esteemed
                 and
                 indeed
                 better
                 tasted
                 then
                 the
                 Cucumber
                 .
                 The
                 common
                 people
                 both
                 in
                 Italy
                 and
                 Sicily
                 eat
                 green
                 Chich-pease
                 raw
                 ,
                 as
                 our
                 people
                 do
                 common
                 pease
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 In
                 their
                 Desserts
                 and
                 second
                 courses
                 they
                 commonly
                 serve
                 up
                 pine-kernels
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 year
                 green
                 Almonds
                 :
                 also
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 sweet-meat
                 or
                 Confection
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 mustard
                 and
                 sugar
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Italian
                 mustard
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 To
                 cool
                 and
                 refresh
                 their
                 wines
                 they
                 use
                 generally
                 snow
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 may
                 easily
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 else
                 ice
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 keep
                 in
                 conservatories
                 all
                 Summer
                 .
                 Without
                 snow
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 used
                 to
                 it
                 do
                 not
                 willingly
                 drink
                 ,
                 no
                 not
                 in
                 winter
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 of
                 Naples
                 and
                 Sicily
                 they
                 make
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 cheese
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Caseo
                   di
                   cavallo
                
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Horse-cheese
                 ,
                 for
                 what
                 reason
                 I
                 could
                 not
                 learn.
                 These
                 cheeses
                 they
                 make
                 up
                 in
                 several
                 forms
                 ;
                 some
                 in
                 the
                 fashion
                 of
                 a
                 blown
                 bladder
                 ,
                 some
                 in
                 the
                 fashion
                 of
                 a
                 cylinder
                 and
                 some
                 in
                 other
                 figures
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 neither
                 fat
                 nor
                 strong
                 ,
                 yet
                 well-tasted
                 and
                 accepable
                 
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 eaten
                 of
                 them
                 a
                 while
                 .
                 The
                 pulp
                 or
                 body
                 of
                 them
                 lies
                 in
                 flakes
                 and
                 hath
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 grain
                 one
                 way
                 like
                 wood
                 .
                 They
                 told
                 us
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 made
                 of
                 Buffles
                 milk
                 ,
                 but
                 we
                 believed
                 them
                 not
                 ,
                 because
                 we
                 observed
                 not
                 many
                 Buffles
                 in
                 those
                 Countries
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 of
                 this
                 cheese
                 made
                 than
                 of
                 other
                 sorts
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 In
                 Italy
                 and
                 other
                 hot
                 Countries
                 their
                 meat
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 naturally
                 more
                 lean
                 and
                 dry
                 then
                 ours
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 roast
                 it
                 also
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 from
                 the
                 bones
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 be
                 little
                 juyce
                 left
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 Besides
                 when
                 they
                 roast
                 their
                 meat
                 they
                 draw
                 coals
                 under
                 the
                 spit
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 the
                 fat
                 drop
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 nidor
                 whereof
                 perfumes
                 the
                 meat
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 our
                 gust
                 who
                 are
                 not
                 used
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 they
                 lose
                 in
                 dripping
                 they
                 save
                 in
                 fewel
                 .
                 Their
                 roasting
                 differs
                 not
                 much
                 from
                 our
                 broiling
                 or
                 carbonadoing
                 .
                 I
                 speak
                 this
                 of
                 ordinary
                 Inns
                 and
                 mean
                 peoples
                 houses
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 houses
                 and
                 Inns
                 it
                 is
                 otherwise
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Italians
                 count
                 not
                 their
                 hours
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 ,
                 from
                 twelve
                 to
                 twelve
                 ,
                 beginning
                 at
                 midday
                 and
                 midnight
                 ;
                 but
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 four
                 and
                 twenty
                 ,
                 beginning
                 their
                 count
                 at
                 Sun-set
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 much
                 more
                 troublesome
                 way
                 ;
                 the
                 setting
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 being
                 a
                 moveable
                 point
                 or
                 term
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 being
                 therefore
                 necessitated
                 to
                 alter
                 and
                 new-set
                 their
                 clocks
                 every
                 day
                 :
                 whereas
                 midday
                 and
                 midnight
                 being
                 fixt
                 points
                 ,
                 the
                 clocks
                 need
                 no
                 setting
                 anew
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Italy
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Italians
                 imagine
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 Countrey
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 a
                 Proverb
                 among
                 them
                 that
                 
                   Italy
                   is
                   the
                   garden
                   of
                   the
                   world
                   :
                
                 yet
                 setting
                 aside
                 
                   Lombardy
                   ,
                   Campania
                
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 is
                 mountainous
                 and
                 barren
                 enough
                 :
                 the
                 earth
                 so
                 parcht
                 by
                 the
                 Sun-beams
                 that
                 it
                 bears
                 no
                 grass
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 as
                 Barclay
                 faith
                 )
                 seldom
                 yieldeth
                 grain
                 enough
                 for
                 three
                 year
                 successively
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 necessities
                 and
                 uses
                 of
                 its
                 inhabitants
                 ,
                 whatever
                 they
                 may
                 boast
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Itala
                   gleba
                
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 why
                 the
                 
                 Italians
                 are
                 so
                 conceited
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 seldom
                 travel
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 see
                 not
                 the
                 beauty
                 and
                 fertility
                 of
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 might
                 have
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 vast
                 and
                 incredible
                 number
                 of
                 Religious
                 houses
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 sometimes
                 thought
                 they
                 might
                 in
                 all
                 of
                 both
                 sexes
                 amount
                 to
                 eight
                 or
                 ten
                 thousand
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 make
                 advantage
                 .
                 For
                 such
                 of
                 their
                 daughters
                 as
                 either
                 they
                 cannot
                 get
                 husbands
                 for
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 portions
                 to
                 ,
                 suitable
                 to
                 their
                 birth
                 and
                 quality
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 houses
                 for
                 a
                 smal
                 matter
                 honourably
                 dispose
                 of
                 and
                 settle
                 for
                 their
                 lives
                 .
                 The
                 institution
                 of
                 such
                 houses
                 as
                 these
                 ,
                 whither
                 young
                 women
                 of
                 quality
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 sufficient
                 fortunes
                 or
                 personal
                 endowments
                 cannot
                 easily
                 provide
                 themselves
                 suteable
                 matches
                 ,
                 might
                 retire
                 and
                 find
                 honourable
                 provision
                 ,
                 might
                 perchance
                 be
                 tolerable
                 ,
                 yea
                 commendable
                 ,
                 were
                 they
                 purged
                 from
                 all
                 superstition
                 the
                 women
                 not
                 admitted
                 too
                 young
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 no
                 vow
                 of
                 perpetual
                 chastity
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 house
                 in
                 case
                 they
                 married
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 danger
                 of
                 introducing
                 Monkery
                 ,
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 more
                 safe
                 for
                 a
                 Christian
                 State
                 not
                 to
                 permit
                 any
                 such
                 foundations
                 .
              
               
                 Bussles
                 are
                 a
                 common
                 beast
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 draw
                 their
                 wains
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 of
                 oxen
                 :
                 only
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 somewhat
                 fierce
                 and
                 unruly
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 forced
                 to
                 lead
                 them
                 by
                 an
                 iron-ring
                 put
                 in
                 their
                 noses
                 ,
                 as
                 our
                 Bear-wards
                 do
                 their
                 Bears
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 insects
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 sorts
                 which
                 we
                 want
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 are
                 ,
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Cicadae
                 before
                 mentioned
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 
                   flying
                   Glow-worms
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 there
                 every
                 where
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 Summer
                 time
                 .
                 These
                 flying
                 or
                 winged
                 Glow-worms
                 are
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 males
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 creeping
                 or
                 unwinged
                 Glow-worm
                 
                   Fabius
                   Columna
                
                 relates
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Carolus
                   Vintimiglia
                
                 of
                 Palermo
                 in
                 Sicily
                 having
                 out
                 of
                 curiosity
                 
                 kept
                 many
                 unwinged
                 Glow-worms
                 in
                 a
                 glass
                 did
                 put
                 in
                 among
                 them
                 a
                 flying
                 one
                 ,
                 which
                 presently
                 in
                 his
                 sight
                 did
                 couple
                 with
                 them
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 silk-worms
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 unwinged
                 ones
                 or
                 females
                 began
                 to
                 lay
                 their
                 eggs
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 males
                 are
                 also
                 flying
                 insects
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 do
                 but
                 rarely
                 or
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 shine
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 assured
                 by
                 an
                 eye-witness
                 ,
                 who
                 saw
                 them
                 in
                 conjunction
                 with
                 the
                 common
                 shining
                 unwinged
                 Glow-worms
                 .
                 Heer
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 to
                 impart
                 to
                 the
                 Reader
                 a
                 discovery
                 made
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 Gentleman
                 and
                 communicated
                 to
                 me
                 by
                 
                   Francis
                   Jessop
                
                 
                   Esq
                
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 reputed
                 Meteors
                 called
                 in
                 Latine
                 
                   Ignes
                   fatui
                
                 ,
                 and
                 known
                 in
                 England
                 by
                 the
                 conceited
                 names
                 of
                 
                   Jack
                   with
                   a
                   Lanthorn
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Will
                   with
                   a
                   Wisp
                
                 ,
                 are
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 swarms
                 of
                 these
                 flying
                 Glow-worms
                 .
                 Which
                 if
                 true
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 give
                 an
                 easie
                 account
                 of
                 those
                 strange
                 phaenomena
                 of
                 these
                 supposed
                 fires
                 ,
                 viz.
                 their
                 suddain
                 motion
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 and
                 leading
                 travellers
                 that
                 follow
                 them
                 into
                 bogs
                 and
                 precipices
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Scorpions
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 Italy
                 sting
                 not
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 their
                 stings
                 are
                 not
                 venenose
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 learned
                 
                   Franciscus
                   Redi
                
                 affirms
                 ;
                 though
                 by
                 experience
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 stinging
                 of
                 the
                 African
                 Scorpions
                 to
                 be
                 mortal
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 very
                 noxious
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Tarantula's
                 so
                 called
                 because
                 found
                 about
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 we
                 have
                 seen
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 Rome
                 )
                 which
                 are
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 a
                 large
                 sort
                 of
                 Spiders
                 ;
                 the
                 biting
                 whereof
                 is
                 esteemed
                 venemous
                 ,
                 and
                 thought
                 to
                 put
                 people
                 into
                 Phrenetic
                 fits
                 ,
                 enforcing
                 them
                 to
                 dance
                 to
                 certain
                 tunes
                 of
                 the
                 Music
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 are
                 cured
                 ,
                 long
                 and
                 violent
                 exercise
                 causing
                 a
                 great
                 evacution
                 by
                 sweat
                 .
                 These
                 fits
                 they
                 say
                 do
                 also
                 yearly
                 return
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 season
                 the
                 Patient
                 was
                 bitten
                 .
                 But
                 Dr.
                 
                   Thomas
                   Cornelius
                
                 of
                 Cosenza
                 before
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 a
                 learned
                 Physician
                 and
                 Virtuoso
                 in
                 Naples
                 ,
                 diligently
                 enquiring
                 into
                 this
                 generally
                 
                 received
                 and
                 heertofore
                 unquestioned
                 story
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 satisfie
                 himself
                 and
                 others
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 really
                 true
                 in
                 experience
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Cimiei
                 as
                 the
                 Italians
                 call
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   French
                   Punaise
                
                 .
                 We
                 English
                 them
                 Chinches
                 or
                 Wall-lice
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 noisome
                 and
                 troublesome
                 by
                 their
                 bitings
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 time
                 ,
                 raising
                 a
                 great
                 heat
                 and
                 redness
                 in
                 the
                 skin
                 .
                 They
                 harbour
                 in
                 the
                 straw
                 of
                 the
                 bolsters
                 and
                 mattresses
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 wood
                 of
                 the
                 bedsteds
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 some
                 Nosocomia
                 or
                 Hospitals
                 for
                 sick
                 persons
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 example
                 at
                 Genua
                 ,
                 the
                 bedsteds
                 are
                 all
                 of
                 iron
                 .
                 This
                 insect
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 crushed
                 or
                 bruised
                 emits
                 a
                 most
                 horrid
                 and
                 loathsome
                 scent
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 bitten
                 by
                 them
                 are
                 often
                 in
                 a
                 doubt
                 whether
                 it
                 be
                 better
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 trouble
                 of
                 their
                 bitings
                 ,
                 or
                 kill
                 them
                 and
                 suffer
                 their
                 most
                 odious
                 and
                 abminable
                 stink
                 .
                 We
                 have
                 of
                 these
                 insects
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 many
                 ,
                 neither
                 are
                 they
                 troublesome
                 to
                 us
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 departed
                 from
                 Trent
                 intending
                 for
                 Coira
                 or
                 Chur
                 in
                 the
                 Grisons
                 Countrey
                 called
                 in
                 Latine
                 
                   curia
                   Rhaetorum
                
                 .
                 
                 We
                 rode
                 up
                 the
                 valley
                 wherein
                 the
                 river
                 Athesis
                 runs
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   Val
                   Venosta
                
                 ,
                 every
                 5
                 miles
                 passing
                 through
                 a
                 large
                 village
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 handsome
                 little
                 town
                 called
                 Burgo
                 ,
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 a
                 small
                 place
                 called
                 Brunsole
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 rode
                 through
                 Bolzan
                 considerable
                 Town
                 and
                 for
                 bigness
                 comparable
                 to
                 Trent
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 10
                 miles
                 further
                 Maran
                 a
                 large
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 a
                 village
                 called
                 Raveland
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 through
                 Latourn
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Slach
                   ,
                   Schlanders
                   ,
                   Maltz
                
                 ,
                 all
                 villages
                 and
                 Towns
                 of
                 note
                 ,
                 and
                 last
                 of
                 all
                 Cleurn
                 a
                 pretty
                 great
                 walled
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 struck
                 up
                 on
                 the
                 left
                 hand
                 among
                 the
                 mountains
                 to
                 a
                 village
                 called
                 Tavers
                 where
                 we
                 lodged
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 rode
                 on
                 through
                 the
                 snow
                 to
                 Monastero
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 the
                 Grisons
                 Countrey
                 begins
                 ,
                 and
                 S.
                 Maria
                 a
                 small
                 terra
                 ,
                 and
                 stopt
                 at
                 Gherf
                 a
                 village
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 
                 high
                 mountains
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Countrey
                 the
                 people
                 use
                 a
                 peculiar
                 language
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Romansch
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 
                   Lingua
                   Romana
                
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 nearer
                 Spanish
                 than
                 Italian
                 ,
                 though
                 distinct
                 from
                 both
                 .
                 Besides
                 their
                 own
                 language
                 they
                 generally
                 speak
                 both
                 Italian
                 and
                 Dutch
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 after
                 we
                 had
                 lost
                 Italian
                 in
                 the
                 valleys
                 we
                 wondered
                 to
                 find
                 it
                 heer
                 again
                 among
                 the
                 hills
                 .
                 Their
                 wines
                 they
                 bring
                 all
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Valtelline
                 ,
                 from
                 Tirano
                 ,
                 about
                 2
                 days
                 journey
                 distant
                 .
                 The
                 Countrey
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 was
                 all
                 over
                 covered
                 with
                 snow
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 fain
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 cattel
                 within
                 doors
                 for
                 six
                 months
                 !
                 yet
                 the
                 people
                 said
                 that
                 heerabouts
                 the
                 snow
                 did
                 not
                 lie
                 all
                 Summer
                 ,
                 no
                 not
                 on
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 mountains
                 .
                 Heer
                 we
                 observed
                 that
                 to
                 draw
                 their
                 sleds
                 over
                 the
                 snow
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 Oxen
                 they
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 one
                 Bull
                 drawing
                 a
                 little
                 sled
                 .
                 About
                 Tavers
                 we
                 observed
                 them
                 sowing
                 of
                 dust
                 upon
                 the
                 snow
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 told
                 us
                 was
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 snow
                 melt
                 sooner
                 :
                 I
                 suppose
                 it
                 was
                 rather
                 for
                 manure
                 .
                 They
                 use
                 stoves
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 reason
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 Countrey
                 being
                 so
                 cold
                 ,
                 A
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Chamois
                 or
                 
                   Gemps
                   [
                   Rupicaprae
                
                 ]
                 are
                 taken
                 all
                 over
                 these
                 Countries
                 upon
                 the
                 high
                 hills
                 ,
                 as
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 people
                 had
                 not
                 told
                 us
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 needs
                 have
                 gathered
                 from
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 horns
                 we
                 saw
                 stuck
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 houses
                 where
                 we
                 lodged
                 .
                 Bears
                 there
                 are
                 and
                 Wolves
                 among
                 the
                 high
                 mountains
                 but
                 not
                 many
                 .
                 The
                 men
                 generally
                 wear
                 ruffs
                 and
                 long
                 bushy
                 beards
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 people
                 (
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 we
                 had
                 experience
                 or
                 could
                 judge
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 short
                 stay
                 we
                 made
                 among
                 them
                 )
                 we
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 honest
                 ,
                 hearty
                 and
                 civil
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 common
                 sort
                 very
                 mannerly
                 .
                 Their
                 houses
                 are
                 built
                 of
                 stone
                 ,
                 and
                 covered
                 with
                 shingles
                 of
                 wood
                 ,
                 the
                 walls
                 thick
                 and
                 the
                 windows
                 very
                 small
                 to
                 fence
                 against
                 the
                 cold
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 no
                 strong
                 holds
                 or
                 fortified
                 places
                 among
                 them
                 ;
                 nor
                 will
                 they
                 permit
                 any
                 to
                 be
                 erected
                 ;
                 having
                 so
                 much
                 confidence
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 valour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 
                 think
                 they
                 need
                 no
                 other
                 defence
                 :
                 indeed
                 their
                 Countrey
                 is
                 such
                 as
                 one
                 would
                 think
                 none
                 of
                 their
                 neighbouring
                 Princes
                 should
                 covet
                 unless
                 for
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Territories
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 the
                 Mountain
                 of
                 Bufalora
                 in
                 7
                 or
                 8
                 hours
                 .
                 
                 In
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mid
                 way
                 between
                 Cherf
                 and
                 Zernetz
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 Inn
                 called
                 Furno
                 .
                 From
                 Zernetz
                 we
                 rode
                 in
                 the
                 Valley
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Engadine
                 through
                 Zuotz
                 a
                 great
                 terra
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 other
                 Villages
                 ,
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 a
                 little
                 place
                 called
                 Ponte
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               THE
               GRISONS
               .
            
             
               THe
               Grisons
               are
               divided
               into
               3
               Leagues
               ,
               and
               each
               League
               subdivided
               into
               Communes
               :
               each
               commune
               contains
               several
               Villages
               ;
               not
               all
               an
               equal
               number
               ,
               but
               some
               more
               some
               fewer
               .
               The
               
                 Lega
                 Grisa
              
               (
               according
               to
               Simler
               )
               hath
               
                 19
                 Communes
              
               .
               The
               
                 Lega
                 della
                 casa
                 Dio
              
               hath
               21
               Communes
               ,
               which
               are
               sometimes
               contracted
               into
               11.
               
               
                 Cleurn
                 ,
                 Tavers
              
               and
               Maltz
               have
               sately
               revolted
               from
               this
               League
               ,
               and
               put
               themselves
               under
               the
               Archduke
               of
               Inspruck
               .
               The
               
                 Dieci
                 Dritture
              
               have
               ten
               ,
               as
               the
               name
               imports
               .
               Each
               Commune
               hath
               its
               annual
               chief
               Magistrate
               ,
               whom
               in
               some
               places
               they
               call
               Maestrale
               ,
               and
               a
               certain
               number
               of
               Assessors
               or
               Judges
               ,
               which
               in
               their
               language
               are
               called
               Truoeder
               .
               Each
               terra
               or
               Village
               chuses
               its
               Judges
               by
               majority
               of
               votes
               .
               [
               Sometimes
               the
               People
               chuse
               only
               a
               certain
               number
               of
               Delegates
               ,
               which
               Delegates
               are
               to
               make
               choice
               of
               the
               Judges
               .
               ]
               All
               the
               People
               ,
               as
               well
               rich
               as
               poor
               ,
               as
               well
               Servants
               as
               Masters
               ,
               have
               their
               Suffrages
               so
               soon
               as
               they
               come
               to
               the
               age
               of
               16
               years
               .
               The
               time
               of
               their
               Election
               is
               
                 St.
                 Matthias
              
               day
               .
               The
               Commune
               of
               
                 Engadina
                 alta
              
               hath
               10
               great
               Villages
               (
               terre
               they
               call
               them
               )
               16
               Judges
               called
               Truoeder
               ,
               one
               Maestrale
               ,
               one
               Chancellour
               or
               Notary
               .
               The
               Maestrale
               ,
               the
               Chancellour
               ,
               and
               4
               Truoeder
               are
               always
               of
               Zuotz
               .
               The
               other
               terre
               have
               some
               one
               ,
               some
               two
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               bigness
               .
               [
               In
               other
               Communities
               the
               several
               terre
               have
               the
               Maestrale
               and
               other
               Officers
               by
               turns
               .
               ]
               These
               Magistrates
               are
               changed
               every
               two
               years
               ,
               but
               confirmed
               every
               year
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               put
               out
               by
               the
               People
               if
               
               they
               please
               .
               The
               Maestrale
               (
               called
               in
               some
               places
               Landamman
               )
               is
               the
               chief
               ,
               and
               assembles
               the
               Truoeder
               together
               ,
               makes
               Processes
               ,
               and
               in
               sum
               hath
               the
               executive
               power
               .
               When
               they
               have
               occasion
               to
               meet
               to
               decide
               any
               business
               ,
               or
               judge
               in
               any
               criminal
               cause
               ,
               he
               that
               is
               cast
               or
               condemned
               ,
               if
               he
               hath
               goods
               bears
               the
               charges
               ,
               if
               he
               hath
               none
               then
               the
               Commune
               bears
               the
               charges
               ;
               So
               that
               every
               Commune
               is
               a
               Common-wealth
               by
               its
               self
               ,
               and
               its
               government
               purely
               Democratical
               .
               Every
               two
               years
               they
               have
               two
               Diets
               or
               general
               Councils
               :
               The
               first
               Diet
               (
               when
               the
               Officers
               which
               they
               send
               to
               their
               several
               Praefecturae
               are
               elected
               )
               is
               at
               Michaelmas
               ,
               the
               second
               (
               when
               they
               take
               an
               account
               of
               their
               Officers
               )
               is
               on
               
                 St.
                 John
                 Baptists
              
               day
               .
               To
               these
               Diets
               each
               Commune
               sends
               its
               Delegates
               ,
               Messi
               they
               call
               them
               ,
               or
               Commissioners
               ,
               some
               one
               and
               some
               two
               .
               These
               Delegates
               must
               act
               according
               to
               the
               instructions
               given
               them
               by
               their
               several
               Communities
               .
               Each
               League
               hate
               its
               Head
               or
               Chief
               .
               The
               Burgomaster
               of
               Coira
               is
               always
               Head
               of
               the
               League
               
                 della
                 casa
                 di
                 Dio.
              
               In
               the
               
                 Lega
                 Grisa
              
               there
               are
               four
               Communities
               that
               by
               ancient
               custom
               have
               the
               Head
               (
               who
               is
               here
               called
               Landtreichter
               )
               by
               turns
               .
               In
               the
               
                 Dieci
                 Dritture
              
               six
               Communities
               have
               the
               choice
               of
               the
               Chief
               ,
               who
               is
               called
               Landamman
               .
               Those
               six
               Communes
               send
               each
               its
               Delegate
               to
               Tavas
               ,
               and
               the
               Delegates
               by
               the
               major
               vote
               chuse
               the
               new
               Landamman
               .
               These
               sometimes
               with
               some
               assistants
               meet
               as
               a
               lesser
               Council
               ,
               but
               have
               no
               absolute
               or
               decisive
               sentence
               .
               There
               lies
               an
               Appeal
               from
               the
               general
               Diet
               to
               the
               Communities
               ,
               and
               what
               the
               major
               part
               of
               those
               concludes
               or
               agrees
               upon
               is
               valid
               .
               The
               Grisons
               pay
               no
               sort
               of
               Datii
               ,
               Gabels
               or
               Taxes
               .
               In
               Italy
               the
               County
               of
               Chiavenna
               and
               the
               Valtelline
               are
               subject
               to
               the
               Grisons
               .
               To
               the
               County
               of
               Chiavena
               they
               sent
               formerly
               two
               Podesta's
               or
               Bailifls
               ,
               one
               to
               Plurs
               ,
               which
               Town
               was
               miserably
               destroyed
               by
               the
               falling
               of
               a
               
               Mountain
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               one
               to
               Chiavena
               ,
               who
               is
               called
               Commissario
               .
               Near
               Plurs
               are
               made
               Pots
               and
               Vesof
               stone
               turned
               after
               the
               manner
               of
               wood
               ,
               which
               will
               endure
               the
               fire
               .
               The
               Valtelline
               according
               to
               Simler
               is
               divided
               into
               six
               Praefecturae
               ,
               whether
               the
               Grisons
               send
               Podesta's
               or
               Governors
               .
               Those
               are
               Bormio
               ,
               which
               some
               make
               a
               County
               by
               it self
               ,
               
                 Tirano
                 ,
                 Tellio
                 ,
                 Sondrio
                 ,
                 Morbegno
              
               and
               Travona
               .
               They
               named
               to
               us
               two
               more
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Ponte
              
               and
               Chiur
               .
               These
               Podesta's
               are
               changed
               every
               two
               years
               ,
               the
               principal
               or
               head
               of
               them
               is
               the
               Prefect
               of
               Sondrio
               ,
               who
               is
               not
               called
               Podesta
               ,
               but
               Governatore
               as
               we
               were
               told
               ,
               as
               Simler
               saith
               Capitaneo
               .
               In
               the
               chusing
               of
               Praefects
               the
               order
               both
               of
               the
               Leagues
               and
               of
               the
               Communities
               is
               observed
               .
               So
               that
               for
               example
               ,
               if
               the
               
                 Lega
                 Grisa
              
               chuses
               the
               Governor
               of
               Sondrio
               for
               this
               two
               years
               ,
               the
               
                 Lega
                 della
                 casa
                 di
                 Dio
              
               shall
               have
               the
               choice
               of
               him
               the
               next
               two
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Dieci
                 Dritture
              
               the
               following
               .
               The
               like
               order
               is
               observed
               in
               the
               several
               Communities
               of
               each
               League
               .
               The
               People
               of
               Valtelline
               ,
               the
               Country
               of
               Bormio
               ,
               and
               the
               County
               of
               Chiavenna
               pay
               no
               Taxes
               or
               Gabels
               more
               than
               for
               the
               maintenance
               of
               their
               Governors
               or
               Podesta's
               .
            
             
               We
               left
               Ponte
               ,
               
               and
               passed
               over
               another
               high
               Mountain
               called
               in
               a
               very
               bad
               season
               ,
               for
               that
               it
               snowed
               exceeding
               fast
               all
               the
               while
               we
               were
               abroad
               ,
               which
               in
               many
               places
               so
               filled
               up
               the
               track
               that
               we
               could
               see
               no
               way
               at
               all
               ,
               only
               we
               could
               presently
               find
               when
               were
               out
               ,
               for
               then
               our
               horses
               were
               almost
               up
               to
               the
               belly
               in
               snow
               :
               besides
               a
               brisk
               gale
               of
               most
               bitter
               cutting
               wind
               blew
               just
               in
               our
               faces
               ,
               which
               did
               so
               affect
               my
               eyes
               that
               I
               could
               not
               open
               tem
               without
               great
               pain
               for
               three
               days
               ,
               nor
               easily
               endure
               to
               look
               upon
               snow
               for
               a
               great
               while
               after
               .
               The
               reason
               why
               my
               eyes
               were
               more
               affected
               than
               others
               I
               conceive
               was
               ,
               because
               I
               was
               not
               careful
               to
               wipe
               the
               snow
               off
               my
               face
               ,
               but
               suffered
               it
               to
               freez
               to
               the
               hair
               of
               my
               eyebrows
               and
               eye-lids
               :
               
               the
               cold
               whereof
               being
               contiguous
               to
               them
               ,
               stupified
               ,
               and
               would
               in
               time
               have
               quite
               mortified
               my
               eyes
               .
               And
               here
               by
               the
               way
               we
               may
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               the
               People
               living
               in
               this
               mountainous
               cold
               Country
               look
               more
               swarthy
               and
               dusky
               ,
               at
               least
               their
               their
               faces
               and
               parts
               exposed
               to
               the
               air
               ,
               and
               have
               not
               so
               good
               complexions
               as
               those
               that
               live
               below
               in
               a
               milder
               and
               more
               temperatre
               Region
               .
               It
               is
               an
               observation
               of
               Bodin
               in
               his
               Method
               of
               History
               ,
               That
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               the
               temperate
               Zone
               ,
               as
               you
               go
               further
               and
               further
               from
               the
               Tropic
               are
               still
               whiter
               and
               whiter
               ,
               till
               you
               come
               to
               a
               certain
               degree
               of
               latitude
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               grow
               dusky
               and
               dark-coloured
               again
               ;
               3
               witness
               the
               
                 Greenlanders
                 ,
                 Laplanders
                 ;
                 &c.
              
               extremity
               of
               cold
               parching
               and
               tanning
               the
               skin
               as
               well
               as
               excess
               of
               heat
               .
               And
               we
               found
               this
               true
               by
               our
               own
               experience
               ;
               for
               our
               faces
               were
               so
               hackt
               and
               burnt
               (
               if
               I
               may
               take
               so
               to
               use
               that
               word
               )
               by
               the
               cold
               in
               our
               passage
               over
               these
               Mountains
               ,
               that
               for
               some
               time
               after
               we
               lookt
               like
               so
               many
               Gypsics
               .
               This
               night
               we
               lodged
               in
               a
               terra
               called
               Bergun
               .
            
             
               We
               went
               on
               to
               Coira
               the
               capital
               City
               of
               the
               Grisons
               ,
               
               a
               pretty
               little
               Town
               standing
               on
               a
               small
               River
               that
               falls
               into
               the
               Rhene
               ,
               about
               half
               a
               mile
               below
               ,
               environed
               almost
               with
               Mountains
               ,
               save
               only
               on
               that
               side
               the
               River
               Rhene
               runs
               ;
               where
               there
               is
               a
               pleasant
               Valley
               ,
               having
               very
               good
               Meadow
               and
               Pasture
               grounds
               .
               The
               Inhabitants
               of
               Coira
               are
               all
               Protestants
               ,
               excepting
               the
               Bishop
               (
               who
               coyns
               money
               that
               is
               current
               here
               )
               and
               24
               Canons
               .
               The
               Bishop
               hath
               nothing
               at
               all
               to
               do
               in
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Town
               .
               The
               form
               of
               Government
               is
               much
               like
               that
               of
               Zurich
               and
               
                 Basel
                 ,
                 viz.
              
               the
               Citizens
               are
               divided
               into
               sive
               Tribes
               or
               Companies
               ,
               each
               of
               which
               chuses
               14
               Senators
               ,
               which
               make
               up
               the
               great
               Council
               of
               70.
               
               These
               are
               called
               Ratsheren
               ,
               and
               are
               chosen
               by
               the
               people
               anew
               every
               year
               on
               
                 S.
                 Martins
              
               day
               ;
               anew
               
               I
               say
               ,
               for
               the
               same
               are
               usually
               chosen
               again
               so
               long
               as
               they
               live
               .
               Out
               of
               this
               greater
               Council
               are
               chosen
               yearly
               of
               each
               Tribe
               sive
               into
               the
               lesser
               Council
               ,
               to
               which
               are
               added
               the
               5
               Masters
               of
               the
               Companies
               for
               the
               last
               year
               ,
               who
               make
               up
               the
               number
               of
               30.
               
               Half
               these
               are
               called
               Senators
               ,
               and
               govern
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
               The
               chief
               Officers
               who
               preside
               in
               the
               Senate
               are
               the
               two
               Burgomasters
               who
               rule
               alternately
               ,
               one
               one
               year
               ,
               the
               other
               the
               next
               .
               The
               Council
               of
               30
               ,
               with
               the
               regent
               Burgomaster
               ,
               who
               is
               called
               Stativo●ht
               ,
               judge
               in
               criminal
               causes
               ,
               Besides
               there
               is
               a
               Bench
               of
               Judges
               made
               up
               of
               the
               five
               Masters
               of
               the
               Companies
               ,
               and
               ten
               out
               of
               the
               Council
               of
               30
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Praetor
               of
               the
               City
               called
               Stattrichter
               presides
               ,
               which
               determines
               civil
               controversies
               and
               actions
               of
               debt
               .
               But
               from
               them
               there
               lies
               an
               Appeal
               to
               the
               Council
               of
               30.
               
            
             
               In
               the
               mountanous
               Pastures
               about
               this
               Town
               we
               observed
               growing
               plentifully
               
                 Crocus
                 vernus
                 flore
                 albo
              
               ,
               
               
                 &
                 flo
                 .
                 Caeruleo
                 ,
                 &
                 flo
                 .
                 ex
                 albo
                 .
                 &
                 caerulco
                 variegato
                 ;
                 Hepatica
                 nobilis
                 ubique
                 ;
                 Leucoium
                 bulbosum
                 Tab.
                 &
                 Ornithogalum
                 flore
                 luteo
                 .
              
               Besides
               Coira
               the
               Grisons
               have
               two
               little
               Towns
               which
               they
               call
               Cities
               ,
               Mayfield
               and
               Eylandts
               .
               For
               their
               Religion
               the
               Grisons
               are
               divided
               ;
               some
               Communities
               being
               Romanists
               ,
               some
               Protestants
               ;
               but
               most
               Protestants
               ,
               of
               whom
               they
               told
               us
               there
               were
               in
               all
               the
               Country
               about
               17000
               fighting
               men
               .
            
             
               We
               travelled
               from
               Coira
               to
               Walenstat
               ,
               
               situate
               beside
               a
               small
               Lake
               ,
               thence
               called
               Walenstatter-Sea
               :
               passing
               by
               the
               way
               through
               
                 Mayfield
                 ,
                 Ragats
              
               ,
               and
               Sargans
               .
               Both
               Sargans
               and
               Walenstat
               are
               Voghtia's
               or
               Praefecturae
               belonging
               the
               seven
               Cantons
               .
            
             
               We
               ferried
               over
               the
               Lake
               to
               Wesen
               ,
               
               and
               from
               Wesen
               rode
               to
               Glaris
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               13
               Cantons
               of
               Switzerland
               .
               Heer
               we
               saw
               the
               horns
               of
               the
               Ibex
               ,
               
               (
               which
               they
               call
               Steinbuck
               .
               )
               They
               are
               somewhat
               like
               to
               Goats
               horns
               ,
               but
               larger
               .
               They
               told
               us
               that
               there
               
               were
               none
               of
               these
               beasts
               found
               heerabouts
               ,
               but
               that
               in
               Wallisland
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Archbishoprick
               of
               Saltzburgh
               in
               Germany
               there
               were
               of
               them
               .
               But
               of
               the
               Rupicaprae
               or
               Gimpses
               ,
               
               and
               
                 Mures
                 Alpini
                 majores
              
               ,
               called
               Marmottoes
               ,
               
               they
               have
               good
               store
               .
               Of
               birds
               they
               have
               in
               plenty
               
                 Merulae
                 torquatae
              
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Ringer-Amzel
                 ;
                 Merulae
                 aquaticae
              
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               
                 Wasser-amzel
                 ;
                 Vrogallus
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Cock
                 of
                 the
                 wood
                 ,
                 Lagopus
                 ,
              
               a
               milk
               white
               bird
               somewhat
               bigger
               than
               a
               Partridge
               ,
               feathered
               down
               to
               the
               very
               toes
               and
               claws
               ,
               of
               the
               Heath-cock
               kind
               ,
               but
               more
               of
               these
               in
               the
               Grisons
               Country
               ,
               where
               they
               brought
               them
               us
               to
               sell
               .
               The
               people
               of
               this
               Canton
               of
               Glaris
               ,
               as
               also
               Appenzel
               ,
               are
               mixt
               ,
               two
               third
               parts
               Protestants
               and
               one
               third
               Roman-Catholics
               .
               They
               both
               make
               use
               of
               the
               same
               Church
               for
               their
               several
               Services
               :
               first
               the
               Priest
               comes
               and
               does
               Mass
               ,
               then
               the
               Minister
               and
               preaches
               .
            
             
               The
               Governments
               of
               the
               several
               Cantos
               of
               Switzerland
               may
               be
               reduced
               to
               three
               forms
               or
               heads
               .
               The
               first
               is
               of
               those
               Cantons
               which
               have
               no
               Cities
               ,
               whose
               chief
               Officer
               is
               called
               Landamman
               ;
               and
               in
               these
               the
               supreme
               power
               is
               in
               all
               the
               People
               ,
               by
               whose
               counsel
               all
               businesses
               of
               moment
               are
               decided
               .
               Of
               this
               sort
               are
               
                 Vri
                 ,
                 Suits
                 ,
                 Vnderwalden
                 ,
                 Zug
                 ,
                 Glaris
              
               and
               Appenzel
               .
               The
               second
               ,
               of
               those
               which
               have
               Cities
               that
               were
               either
               built
               by
               ,
               or
               sometime
               subject
               to
               Princes
               ,
               whose
               chief
               Officer
               is
               called
               Scultetus
               or
               Scout
               :
               This
               form
               is
               most
               Aristocratical
               of
               all
               others
               ;
               and
               of
               this
               sort
               are
               
                 Bern
                 ,
                 Lucern
                 ,
                 Friburg
              
               ,
               and
               Solothurn
               .
               The
               third
               ,
               of
               those
               which
               have
               Cities
               divided
               into
               several
               Tribes
               or
               Companies
               ,
               by
               whose
               suffrages
               the
               Magistrates
               are
               yearly
               chosen
               ;
               of
               this
               Order
               are
               
                 Zurich
                 ,
                 Basel
              
               ,
               and
               Schaffhausse
               .
            
             
               
               
                 GLARIS
              
               
                 Is
                 divided
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 Similer
                 )
                 into
                 15
                 parts
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 told
                 there
                 into
                 12
                 Parishes
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 some
                 have
                 five
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 some
                 six
                 ;
                 some
                 more
                 some
                 less
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 bigness
                 .
                 These
                 make
                 up
                 the
                 Senate
                 or
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 consists
                 of
                 60
                 ,
                 whereof
                 two
                 parts
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 reformed
                 Religion
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Romish
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Landamman
                 and
                 other
                 cheif
                 Officers
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 privilege
                 of
                 sitting
                 in
                 Council
                 when
                 their
                 term
                 is
                 expired
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 and
                 supreme
                 power
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 people
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 last
                 Sunday
                 in
                 April
                 yearly
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 general
                 Convention
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 males
                 above
                 16
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 at
                 a
                 place
                 called
                 Schuandan
                 .
                 This
                 general
                 Meeting
                 or
                 Convention
                 is
                 called
                 Landtskmein
                 :
                 and
                 by
                 these
                 by
                 majority
                 of
                 Sussrages
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Officers
                 are
                 chosen
                 ;
                 and
                 first
                 the
                 Landamman
                 ,
                 who
                 continues
                 in
                 Office
                 sometimes
                 two
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 three
                 years
                 .
                 Into
                 this
                 Office
                 they
                 may
                 choose
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 people
                 whom
                 they
                 please
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 of
                 place
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Statthalter
                 who
                 is
                 the
                 Landammans
                 Lieutenant
                 .
                 These
                 Offices
                 in
                 the
                 Canton
                 are
                 thus
                 divided
                 between
                 the
                 Protestants
                 and
                 Papists
                 .
                 Three
                 years
                 the
                 Landamman
                 is
                 a
                 Protestant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Statthalter
                 a
                 Papist
                 ;
                 then
                 the
                 two
                 following
                 the
                 Landamman
                 is
                 a
                 Papist
                 and
                 the
                 Statthalter
                 a
                 Protestant
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Seckelmeister
                 or
                 Treasurer
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 Pannerheer
                 or
                 Standard-bearer
                 .
                 5.
                 
                 Landshauptman
                 or
                 chief
                 Captain
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 him
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 war
                 Lieutenant
                 .
                 6.
                 
                 Landtsfendricht
                 or
                 Ensign
                 .
                 These
                 three
                 last
                 continue
                 for
                 life
                 .
                 7.
                 
                 Three
                 
                   Landtschrieben
                   ,
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 Secretaries
                 or
                 Chancellours
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 present
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 no
                 suffrages
                 .
                 8.
                 
                 Landtweible
                 or
                 Apparitour
                 ;
                 he
                 gathers
                 the
                 votes
                 in
                 the
                 general
                 Convention
                 ,
                 summons
                 the
                 Council
                 by
                 Proclamation
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Landscmein
                 chuses
                 also
                 the
                 Landtvogts
                 or
                 Prefects
                 ,
                 and
                 either
                 confirms
                 or
                 abrogates
                 public
                 Edicts
                 and
                 Constitutions
                 .
                 The
                 60
                 Senatours
                 usually
                 continue
                 in
                 office
                 during
                 life
                 
                   modo
                   bene
                   se
                   gesserint
                
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 they
                 yearly
                 chosen
                 anew
                 or
                 confirmed
                 at
                 the
                 general
                 Convention
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 the
                 whole
                 Convention
                 ,
                 but
                 each
                 one
                 by
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Parish
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 belongs
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 chosen
                 ;
                 who
                 also
                 when
                 any
                 one
                 dies
                 chuse
                 another
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 .
                 The
                 Landamman
                 when
                 his
                 office
                 is
                 expired
                 is
                 called
                 old
                 Landamman
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 still
                 sit
                 in
                 council
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 favour
                 allowed
                 him
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 dignity
                 .
                 The
                 aforementioned
                 Officers
                 do
                 also
                 sit
                 in
                 council
                 .
                 The
                 Landamman
                 puts
                 men
                 in
                 prison
                 by
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 propounds
                 business
                 to
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 appoints
                 the
                 days
                 of
                 the
                 Councils
                 meeting
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 appoints
                 the
                 Officer
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 notice
                 in
                 the
                 Church
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Canton
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 ambition
                 and
                 inordinate
                 expences
                 of
                 Candidates
                 for
                 Offices
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 court
                 and
                 feast
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 lately
                 introduced
                 Lottery
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 Officers
                 and
                 Governours
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Candidates
                 are
                 first
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 vote
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 eight
                 (
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 so
                 many
                 for
                 any
                 one
                 place
                 )
                 who
                 have
                 most
                 surages
                 are
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Landtschrieb
                 or
                 Secretary
                 takes
                 eight
                 balls
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 gilt
                 ,
                 and
                 wraps
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 single
                 papers
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 hat
                 which
                 he
                 holds
                 under
                 his
                 arm
                 ,
                 whilst
                 a
                 little
                 child
                 puts
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 and
                 takes
                 out
                 the
                 balls
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 eight
                 .
                 He
                 who
                 happens
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 gilt
                 ball
                 is
                 the
                 Officer
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 Councils
                 there
                 are
                 also
                 two
                 Consistories
                 of
                 Judges
                 ;
                 one
                 consisting
                 of
                 nine
                 ,
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 Landtskmein
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 or
                 Ratsheeren
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 Landamman
                 is
                 added
                 as
                 President
                 ,
                 who
                 determine
                 all
                 causes
                 of
                 injuries
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 business
                 of
                 inheritances
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 money
                 is
                 gained
                 with
                 hazard
                 of
                 life
                 :
                 the
                 other
                 consisting
                 of
                 five
                 who
                 determine
                 actions
                 of
                 debt
                 .
                 These
                 
                 Consistories
                 (
                 saith
                 Simler
                 )
                 sit
                 only
                 in
                 May
                 and
                 September
                 .
                 Private
                 quarrels
                 by
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 parties
                 are
                 usually
                 referred
                 to
                 a
                 Councellour
                 of
                 the
                 Parish
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 general
                 Died
                 at
                 Baden
                 the
                 Reformed
                 send
                 the
                 Landamman
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 a
                 Protestant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Roman
                 Catholics
                 the
                 Statthalter
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 
                   vice
                   versa
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Territory
                 of
                 Glaris
                 is
                 about
                 eight
                 hours
                 long
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 allowing
                 3
                 English
                 miles
                 to
                 an
                 hour
                 ,
                 24
                 miles
                 :
                 The
                 number
                 of
                 Freemen
                 of
                 both
                 Religions
                 about
                 2500.
                 
                 This
                 Canton
                 hath
                 one
                 Vogtia
                 or
                 Bayliewick
                 proper
                 to
                 it self
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 Werdenburg
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 every
                 three
                 years
                 they
                 send
                 a
                 new
                 Landtvogt
                 or
                 Prefect
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 Protestant
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Cantons
                 of
                 
                   Basel
                   ,
                   Zurich
                   ,
                   Bern
                   ,
                   Lucern
                   ,
                   Schaffhausse
                   ,
                   Triburg
                
                 and
                 Soloturn
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 only
                 are
                 Freemen
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Territory
                 or
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 will
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 therein
                 are
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 into
                 several
                 Bayliwicks
                 or
                 Praefecturae
                 ,
                 (
                 Vogties
                 they
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 to
                 every
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Cities
                 send
                 a
                 Bayliff
                 or
                 Landtvogt
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 Governour
                 there
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 change
                 in
                 some
                 Cantons
                 every
                 second
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 every
                 third
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 every
                 sixth
                 year
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 other
                 Cantons
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Cities
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Countrymen
                 inhabiting
                 the
                 Canton
                 ,
                 properly
                 so
                 called
                 ,
                 are
                 freemen
                 ;
                 I
                 say
                 the
                 Canton
                 properly
                 so
                 called
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 also
                 have
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 govern
                 likewise
                 by
                 their
                 Prefects
                 or
                 Landtvogts
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 proper
                 there
                 are
                 also
                 common
                 Praefectures
                 or
                 Vogties
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 two
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 three
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 seven
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 twelve
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cantons
                 :
                 to
                 which
                 the
                 Cantons
                 concerned
                 by
                 course
                 send
                 their
                 Landtvogts
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 12
                 Cantons
                 (
                 Appenzel
                 is
                 the
                 excluded
                 )
                 belong
                 the
                 4
                 
                   Italian
                   Praefecturae
                
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 obtained
                 by
                 the
                 donation
                 of
                 
                   Maximilian
                   Sforze
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   Milan
                   ,
                   An.
                   1513.
                   viz.
                   Lugano
                   ,
                   Logarno
                   ,
                   Mendriz
                
                 and
                 
                   Val
                   Madia
                
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 7
                 Cantons
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 
                   Zurich
                   ,
                   Lucern
                   ,
                   Suitz
                   ,
                   Vri
                   ,
                   Vnderwald
                   ,
                   
                   Glaris
                
                 and
                 Zug
                 ,
                 belong
                 
                   Baden
                   ,
                   Liberae
                   Provinciae
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Sargans
                 :
                 to
                 these
                 7
                 and
                 Bern
                 belongs
                 Turgow
                 ;
                 to
                 these
                 7
                 and
                 Appenzel
                 belongs
                 Rhineck
                 or
                 Rheinthall
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 3
                 Cantons
                 ,
                 
                   i.
                   e.
                   Vri
                   ,
                   Suitz
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Vnderwald
                 belongs
                 Bellinzona
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 whose
                 Territory
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 three
                 Bayliwicks
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 those
                 three
                 Cantons
                 send
                 Landvogts
                 by
                 course
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                   Bellinzona
                   ,
                   Val
                   Palensa
                
                 and
                 Riviera
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 two
                 Cantons
                 of
                 Suitz
                 and
                 Glaris
                 belong
                 Vznach
                 and
                 Wesent
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Castra
                   Rhoetica
                
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 Glaris
                 they
                 told
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Canton
                 of
                 Suitz
                 were
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 but
                 living
                 most
                 upon
                 milk
                 and
                 white
                 meats
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 last
                 and
                 endure
                 abroad
                 .
                 That
                 those
                 of
                 
                   Vri
                   ,
                   Appenzel
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 of
                 Glaris
                 made
                 the
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 from
                 Glaris
                 through
                 Nafels
                 a
                 little
                 Village
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Villages
                 near
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Rappersville
                 or
                 the
                 Zurich-sea
                 ,
                 especially
                 Lachen
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 usually
                 take
                 boat
                 for
                 Zurich
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 an
                 hours
                 riding
                 by
                 the
                 Lakes
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 sight
                 of
                 Rappersvill
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 long
                 Bridge
                 cross
                 the
                 Lake
                 ,
                 we
                 climb'd
                 up
                 a
                 very
                 high
                 Mountain
                 on
                 our
                 left
                 hand
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 when
                 we
                 were
                 ascended
                 we
                 rode
                 throogh
                 a
                 Country
                 all
                 covered
                 with
                 snow
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 time
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 pleasant
                 place
                 .
                 Heer
                 we
                 found
                 Eynsidle
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 is
                 a
                 famous
                 Monastery
                 of
                 Benedictine
                 Freres
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Church
                 is
                 an
                 Image
                 of
                 our
                 Lady
                 ,
                 which
                 works
                 great
                 miracles
                 ,
                 
                   si
                   credere
                   fus
                   sit
                
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 place
                 of
                 great
                 devotion
                 ,
                 visited
                 by
                 Strangers
                 and
                 Pilgrims
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Loreto
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   house
                
                 ,
                 so
                 here
                 is
                 a
                 
                   Chappel
                   divinely
                   consecrated
                
                 ,
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 enclosed
                 in
                 a
                 case
                 of
                 Marble
                 ,
                 given
                 by
                 an
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 Saltzburg
                 .
                 Near
                 the
                 door
                 of
                 this
                 Church
                 is
                 an
                 Alley
                 of
                 Shops
                 of
                 Beads
                 and
                 Medals
                 ,
                 as
                 at
                 Loreto
                 ;
                 and
                 here
                 as
                 there
                 an
                 incredible
                 number
                 of
                 Beggers
                 continually
                 waiting
                 .
                 The
                 Canton
                 of
                 
                 Switz
                 is
                 Protector
                 of
                 his
                 Abbey
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 one
                 desire
                 to
                 know
                 more
                 of
                 this
                 place
                 he
                 may
                 consult
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 entitled
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 remember
                 )
                 
                   Sanctae
                   Virginis
                   Eynsiddlensis
                
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 rode
                 again
                 over
                 the
                 snow
                 for
                 about
                 three
                 hours
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 then
                 descending
                 by
                 degrees
                 we
                 passed
                 through
                 three
                 Villages
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 arrived
                 at
                 Swyts
                 ,
                 a
                 fair
                 Village
                 (
                 for
                 it
                 s
                 counted
                 no
                 other
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 comparable
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 our
                 Market
                 Towns
                 )
                 having
                 a
                 large
                 Piazza
                 handsomely
                 paved
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 government
                 of
                 this
                 Canton
                 is
                 much
                 what
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 Glaris
                 .
                 
                 The
                 whole
                 Canton
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 6
                 parts
                 or
                 quarters
                 .
                 Each
                 division
                 hath
                 10
                 Counsellors
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Council
                 or
                 Senate
                 consists
                 of
                 60
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Ratsheeren
                 .
                 When
                 a
                 Senatour
                 dies
                 ,
                 that
                 quarter
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 belonged
                 chuses
                 another
                 by
                 the
                 major
                 vote
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 people
                 .
                 Every
                 quarter
                 hath
                 its
                 head
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 called
                 Siebener
                 :
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 seven
                 in
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 Landamman
                 making
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 ;
                 which
                 make
                 a
                 lesser
                 Council
                 to
                 manage
                 and
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 public
                 revenue
                 .
                 The
                 Senatours
                 are
                 obliged
                 in
                 important
                 causes
                 to
                 take
                 each
                 his
                 man
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 assistant
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 weighty
                 of
                 all
                 (
                 as
                 concerning
                 peace
                 and
                 war
                 )
                 each
                 two
                 men
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 then
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 tripled
                 .
                 The
                 last
                 Sunday
                 of
                 April
                 (
                 as
                 at
                 Glaris
                 )
                 is
                 the
                 Convention
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Canton
                 called
                 the
                 Landtskmein
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 males
                 above
                 16
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 meet
                 and
                 elect
                 by
                 major
                 vote
                 the
                 Landamman
                 and
                 other
                 Officers
                 and
                 Landvogts
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 meeting
                 all
                 the
                 people
                 that
                 can
                 conveniently
                 are
                 obliged
                 to
                 come
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 swear
                 fidelity
                 to
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 Officers
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 as
                 at
                 Glaris
                 .
                 This
                 Canton
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 send
                 two
                 Messi
                 to
                 the
                 general
                 Diet
                 at
                 Baden
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Landamman
                 is
                 usually
                 one
                 .
                 This
                 Canton
                 hath
                 also
                 the
                 like
                 two
                 little
                 Councils
                 or
                 Consistories
                 as
                 Glaris
                 .
              
               
               
                 We
                 rode
                 about
                 3
                 miles
                 to
                 a
                 place
                 called
                 Brunen
                 ,
                 beside
                 the
                 lake
                 of
                 Lucern
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 there
                 embarkt
                 for
                 Altorf
                 ,
                 spending
                 in
                 our
                 passage
                 upon
                 the
                 water
                 about
                 3
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 we
                 had
                 but
                 a
                 mile
                 to
                 the
                 town
                 .
                 From
                 Swytz
                 to
                 Altorf
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 travelling
                 by
                 land
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 told
                 us
                 )
                 unless
                 we
                 would
                 go
                 some
                 scores
                 of
                 miles
                 about
                 .
                 Altorf
                 hath
                 no
                 piazza
                 ,
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 a
                 larger
                 town
                 than
                 Schwytz
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 a
                 pretty
                 Church
                 and
                 a
                 Monastery
                 of
                 Capucines
                 .
                 Heer
                 we
                 heard
                 at
                 large
                 related
                 to
                 us
                 the
                 story
                 of
                 
                   William
                   Tell
                
                 and
                 the
                 Lantvogt
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 that
                 is
                 desirous
                 to
                 know
                 may
                 consult
                 Simler
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 pillar
                 over
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 fountains
                 in
                 the
                 street
                 is
                 set
                 the
                 statue
                 of
                 this
                 Tell
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 cross-bow
                 on
                 his
                 shoulder
                 ,
                 and
                 leading
                 his
                 son
                 by
                 the
                 hand
                 .
                 At
                 some
                 distance
                 stands
                 a
                 tower
                 on
                 which
                 are
                 painted
                 the
                 several
                 passages
                 of
                 the
                 Story
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Government
                 is
                 almost
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 Schwytz
                 .
                 The
                 number
                 of
                 Senators
                 ,
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 election
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 The
                 Officer
                 and
                 Magistrates
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 only
                 they
                 mentioned
                 a
                 Suk-heer
                 ,
                 who
                 hath
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Ammunition
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 told
                 us
                 not
                 of
                 in
                 other
                 Cantons
                 ,
                 and
                 6
                 Fiersprachts
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Proctors
                 or
                 Councellors
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 .
                 The
                 Senatours
                 being
                 to
                 judge
                 in
                 criminal
                 causes
                 take
                 to
                 them
                 another
                 man
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 then
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 doubled
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 also
                 a
                 lesser
                 Council
                 of
                 15
                 called
                 the
                 Landtram
                 ,
                 which
                 decides
                 civil
                 causes
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 round
                 in
                 a
                 rota
                 .
                 They
                 meet
                 the
                 first
                 Munday
                 every
                 moneth
                 .
                 A
                 third
                 Council
                 also
                 they
                 have
                 called
                 the
                 Poderade
                 ,
                 which
                 sits
                 weekly
                 about
                 actions
                 of
                 debt
                 where
                 the
                 sum
                 exceeds
                 not
                 60
                 livers
                 .
                 The
                 Senators
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 told
                 us
                 )
                 have
                 no
                 Salary
                 or
                 allowance
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 When
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 is
                 chosen
                 Landtvogt
                 he
                 is
                 put
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 .
                 Vri
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 Canton
                 that
                 set
                 it self
                 at
                 liberty
                 .
              
               
               
                 We
                 returned
                 to
                 the
                 lake
                 of
                 Lucern
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 taking
                 boat
                 we
                 went
                 by
                 water
                 within
                 one
                 hour
                 of
                 Stantz
                 ,
                 the
                 principal
                 village
                 of
                 Vnderwald
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 lodged
                 .
                 As
                 we
                 sailed
                 upon
                 this
                 lake
                 we
                 happened
                 to
                 see
                 a
                 great
                 fall
                 of
                 snow
                 from
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 some
                 mountains
                 hanging
                 over
                 the
                 lake
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 a
                 ratling
                 and
                 report
                 not
                 unlike
                 thunder
                 ,
                 as
                 Monsieur
                 
                   de
                   Cartes
                
                 in
                 his
                 Meteors
                 notes
                 .
                 At
                 Stantz
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 fair
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 Convents
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 Capucine
                 Freres
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 Muns
                 .
                 Heer
                 and
                 at
                 
                   Altorf
                   ,
                   Switz
                   ,
                   Lucern
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 we
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 Church-yards
                 crosses
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 graves
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 wood
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 iron
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 hanging
                 a
                 little
                 copper
                 kettle
                 with
                 holy
                 water
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 Some
                 women
                 we
                 saw
                 coming
                 with
                 a
                 bunch
                 of
                 herbs
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 dipped
                 in
                 the
                 kettle
                 ,
                 and
                 sprinkled
                 the
                 water
                 therewith
                 upon
                 the
                 graves
                 .
                 These
                 I
                 suppose
                 were
                 Widows
                 or
                 Mothers
                 who
                 sprinkled
                 the
                 water
                 upon
                 the
                 graves
                 of
                 their
                 dead
                 Husbands
                 or
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Canton
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 parts
                 ,
                 Oberwald
                 or
                 the
                 upper
                 ,
                 whose
                 capital
                 village
                 is
                 Stanner
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lower
                 or
                 Vnderwald
                 ,
                 the
                 head
                 whereof
                 is
                 Stantz
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 lower
                 are
                 60
                 Senatours
                 chosen
                 by
                 11
                 Communes
                 ,
                 some
                 whereof
                 have
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 fewer
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 bigness
                 .
                 The
                 Officers
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 and
                 chosen
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 as
                 in
                 Schwytz
                 and
                 Vri
                 ,
                 only
                 the
                 Landamman
                 and
                 Statthalter
                 continue
                 in
                 office
                 but
                 one
                 year
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lantweible
                 or
                 Apparitor
                 and
                 7
                 Judges
                 ,
                 chosen
                 one
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Commune
                 ,
                 judge
                 in
                 civil
                 causes
                 .
                 From
                 these
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 appeal
                 to
                 another
                 Tribunal
                 of
                 11
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 the
                 Landamman
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 elected
                 out
                 of
                 each
                 Commune
                 save
                 tat
                 the
                 Landamman
                 is
                 of
                 .
                 These
                 11
                 are
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 the
                 seven
                 indifferently
                 .
                 In
                 capital
                 causes
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 60
                 Judges
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 may
                 be
                 present
                 and
                 give
                 his
                 suffrage
                 if
                 he
                 pleases
                 ,
                 though
                 ordinarily
                 none
                 do
                 but
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 are
                 all
                 there
                 to
                 by
                 oath
                 obliged
                 .
                 The
                 Senators
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 this
                 Canton
                 have
                 all
                 salaries
                 .
                 Heer
                 and
                 in
                 Vri
                 all
                 the
                 males
                 of
                 all
                 conditions
                 that
                 are
                 14
                 years
                 old
                 and
                 upward
                 have
                 their
                 suffrages
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Landtskmeind
                   .
                   Oberwald
                
                 hath
                 likewise
                 a
                 Council
                 ,
                 Landamman
                 and
                 other
                 Officers
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 indeed
                 nothing
                 common
                 with
                 Vnderwald
                 .
                 They
                 nominate
                 Landvogts
                 and
                 Embassadors
                 by
                 turns
                 .
                 They
                 might
                 be
                 esteemed
                 two
                 Cantons
                 were
                 it
                 not
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 but
                 two
                 Delegates
                 at
                 the
                 Diet
                 at
                 Baden
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 Cantons
                 have
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 three
                 Cantons
                 ,
                 
                   Vti
                   ,
                   Switz
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Vnderwald
                 ,
                 consist
                 chiefly
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 wholly
                 ,
                 of
                 pasture
                 ground
                 :
                 No
                 cornfields
                 or
                 vineyards
                 heer
                 .
                 Their
                 wine
                 is
                 imported
                 from
                 Italy
                 ,
                 their
                 corn
                 from
                 several
                 parts
                 .
                 They
                 boast
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 their
                 ground
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 casualties
                 of
                 weather
                 ,
                 or
                 injuries
                 of
                 bad
                 seasons
                 as
                 either
                 plowed
                 fields
                 or
                 vineyards
                 ,
                 and
                 yields
                 to
                 the
                 owners
                 a
                 more
                 certain
                 profit
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 well
                 if
                 one
                 reason
                 why
                 they
                 maintain
                 all
                 their
                 ground
                 pasture
                 ,
                 be
                 not
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 unwilling
                 to
                 take
                 pains
                 in
                 husbandry
                 .
                 Wine
                 is
                 dear
                 heer
                 .
                 At
                 Altorf
                 and
                 Stantz
                 they
                 have
                 it
                 from
                 Logarno
                 .
                 At
                 Switz
                 they
                 have
                 both
                 Valtelline
                 and
                 
                 Logarno-wine
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 are
                 very
                 honest
                 and
                 good
                 natured
                 ,
                 keep
                 their
                 houses
                 neat
                 and
                 cleanly
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 very
                 polite
                 and
                 in
                 good
                 repair
                 .
                 The
                 men
                 are
                 given
                 much
                 to
                 drinking
                 .
                 The
                 meat
                 stands
                 before
                 them
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 cat
                 a
                 bit
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 main
                 business
                 is
                 drinking
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 to
                 Lucern
                 ,
                 
                 crossing
                 over
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 lake
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 neat
                 city
                 and
                 pleasantly
                 situate
                 upon
                 the
                 lake
                 :
                 divided
                 into
                 parts
                 by
                 a
                 river
                 which
                 runs
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 lake
                 ;
                 over
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 three
                 bridges
                 ,
                 one
                 for
                 carts
                 and
                 horses
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 handsome
                 foot
                 bridges
                 covered
                 over
                 with
                 a
                 roof
                 or
                 penthouse
                 ,
                 one
                 near
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 a
                 mile
                 long
                 .
                 Besides
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 fourth
                 bridge
                 which
                 leads
                 towards
                 
                 the
                 Church
                 covered
                 like
                 this
                 last
                 ,
                 and
                 longer
                 than
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 great
                 Church
                 stands
                 without
                 the
                 city
                 wall
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 handsome
                 tall
                 ,
                 and
                 lightsome
                 structure
                 .
                 Over
                 the
                 Western
                 door
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 Organ
                 that
                 ever
                 I
                 saw
                 :
                 A
                 man
                 might
                 very
                 well
                 creep
                 into
                 the
                 hollow
                 of
                 the
                 greater
                 pipes
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 that
                 was
                 given
                 us
                 heer
                 was
                 much
                 different
                 from
                 Simlers
                 .
                 They
                 told
                 us
                 that
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 consisted
                 of
                 136
                 ,
                 whereas
                 he
                 writes
                 that
                 it
                 consists
                 of
                 no
                 more
                 that
                 100
                 :
                 but
                 these
                 may
                 be
                 reconciled
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 I
                 suppose
                 ,
                 he
                 excludes
                 the
                 lesser
                 Council
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 included
                 .
                 They
                 continue
                 in
                 office
                 during
                 life
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 one
                 dies
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 chuse
                 another
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 whom
                 they
                 think
                 fit
                 .
                 Simler
                 saith
                 that
                 the
                 lesser
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 half
                 year
                 chuse
                 the
                 new
                 Senators
                 .
                 This
                 Council
                 hath
                 two
                 Presidents
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 Sculteti
                 ,
                 who
                 preside
                 
                   alternis
                   annis
                
                 ,
                 and
                 continue
                 in
                 office
                 during
                 life
                 .
                 Simler
                 saith
                 they
                 are
                 chosen
                 yearly
                 by
                 the
                 Suffrages
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Councils
                 .
                 The
                 manner
                 of
                 chusing
                 Officers
                 and
                 Senators
                 is
                 this
                 .
                 Behind
                 a
                 curtain
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Competitors
                 are
                 placed
                 two
                 ,
                 three
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 boxes
                 .
                 Every
                 Senator
                 hath
                 given
                 him
                 a
                 little
                 medal
                 or
                 piece
                 of
                 money
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Senators
                 go
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 behind
                 the
                 curtain
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 medal
                 into
                 what
                 box
                 they
                 please
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 most
                 of
                 these
                 pieces
                 is
                 understood
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Council
                 is
                 chosen
                 a
                 lesser
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 and
                 wise
                 ,
                 who
                 also
                 continue
                 during
                 life
                 ,
                 and
                 judge
                 in
                 civil
                 causes
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 ordinary
                 concerns
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 they
                 sit
                 daily
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 equal
                 parts
                 ,
                 18
                 for
                 the
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 18
                 for
                 the
                 Winter
                 .
                 If
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Winter
                 dies
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 elect
                 one
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 100
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   vice
                   versa
                
                 .
                 The
                 great
                 Council
                 of
                 136
                 judge
                 in
                 criminal
                 causes
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 lesser
                 Council
                 have
                 five
                 
                 Batz
                 [
                 about
                 10
                 d.
                 or
                 1
                 
                   s.
                   English
                
                 ]
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Council
                 two
                 Batz
                 
                   per
                   diem
                
                 for
                 every
                 day
                 they
                 sit
                 in
                 Council
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 the
                 territory
                 of
                 this
                 city
                 are
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 into
                 19
                 or
                 20
                 Proefecturoe
                 :
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 fighting
                 men
                 about
                 18000.
                 
                 The
                 Subjects
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 peace
                 pay
                 no
                 more
                 tribute
                 than
                 5
                 Batz
                 or
                 a
                 hen
                 the
                 man
                 
                   per
                   annum
                
                 to
                 the
                 Lanivogt
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 Lucern
                 we
                 travelled
                 to
                 Zugh
                 called
                 in
                 
                   Latine
                   Tugium
                
                 ,
                 
                 about
                 15
                 miles
                 .
                 
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 by
                 one
                 half
                 less
                 than
                 Lucern
                 ;
                 it
                 stands
                 by
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 lake
                 .
                 The
                 Government
                 of
                 this
                 Canton
                 is
                 popular
                 like
                 those
                 of
                 
                   Vri
                   ,
                   Switz
                
                 and
                 Vnderwalden
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 City
                 there
                 are
                 3
                 Communes
                 which
                 have
                 an
                 interest
                 in
                 the
                 government
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   Eyry
                   ,
                   Mensinguen
                
                 and
                 Baar
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 40
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 told
                 us
                 there
                 )
                 but
                 according
                 to
                 Simler
                 of
                 45
                 ;
                 9
                 out
                 of
                 each
                 Commune
                 and
                 18
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 3
                 Communes
                 have
                 the
                 Landamman
                 6
                 years
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 3.
                 
                 So
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Landamman
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 Commune
                 he
                 continues
                 in
                 Office
                 but
                 two
                 years
                 ,
                 when
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 three
                 years
                 .
                 When
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 dies
                 another
                 is
                 chosen
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 by
                 major
                 vote
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 males
                 above
                 18
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 or
                 that
                 Community
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 that
                 died
                 belonged
                 .
                 The
                 Magistrates
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 and
                 elected
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 as
                 in
                 Vri
                 and
                 Switz
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 All
                 the
                 Praefecturae
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 in
                 number
                 eight
                 )
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 only
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 together
                 with
                 its
                 subjects
                 can
                 arm
                 4000
                 Souldiers
                 :
                 the
                 3
                 Communities
                 not
                 2000.
                 
                 Yet
                 are
                 they
                 obliged
                 by
                 ancient
                 Convention
                 to
                 bear
                 two
                 third
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 charge
                 in
                 case
                 there
                 be
                 nay
                 war.
                 In
                 criminal
                 causes
                 they
                 have
                 12
                 Judges
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 3
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 3
                 of
                 each
                 Community
                 .
                 In
                 civil
                 the
                 Senators
                 judge
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Communities
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 general
                 Diet
                 at
                 Baden
                 the
                 City
                 sends
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 three
                 Communities
                 another
                 .
                 The
                 nomination
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Lantvogts
                 the
                 City
                 hath
                 once
                 and
                 the
                 Communities
                 
                 twice
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Landamman
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 Communities
                 he
                 is
                 obliged
                 during
                 his
                 Office
                 to
                 reside
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 lake
                 of
                 Zugh
                 hath
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 fish
                 ,
                 more
                 then
                 any
                 other
                 lake
                 of
                 Switzerland
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 people
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 believed
                 .
                 They
                 named
                 to
                 us
                 
                   Eels
                   ,
                   Carps
                   ,
                   Perches
                   ,
                   Trouts
                   ,
                   Salmons
                   ,
                
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 strange
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 way
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 get
                 thither
                 but
                 up
                 the
                 Rhene
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 must
                 have
                 a
                 course
                 of
                 above
                 500
                 miles
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 there
                 being
                 at
                 Wasserfal
                 a
                 huge
                 Catarract
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 river
                 ,
                 which
                 one
                 would
                 think
                 it
                 were
                 impossible
                 to
                 pass
                 .
                 Esch
                 called
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Italians
                   Temelo
                
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 
                   English
                   Grayling
                   ,
                   Trisea
                
                 or
                 Trasine
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   English
                   Eelpout
                   ,
                   Pikes
                
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 saw
                 one
                 taken
                 that
                 weighed
                 30
                 pound
                 )
                 Weiss-fish
                 or
                 Alberlin
                 ,
                 called
                 at
                 
                   Geneva
                   Farra
                
                 .
                 This
                 fish
                 is
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 lake
                 of
                 Bala
                 in
                 Merionethshire
                 in
                 Wales
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 called
                 Guiniad
                 from
                 the
                 whiteness
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 Huls-water
                 near
                 Pereth
                 in
                 Cumberland
                 and
                 there
                 called
                 
                   Schelley
                   :
                   Hassler
                
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 take
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Charre
                 of
                 Winandermere
                 in
                 Westmerland
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Torgoch
                 of
                 
                   Northwales
                   :
                   Balla
                   :
                   Nase
                
                 ,
                 called
                 by
                 Naturalists
                 
                   Nasus
                   ,
                   Breams
                   ,
                   Crevises
                
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 sorts
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 at
                 least
                 50.
                 
                 In
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 shadowy
                 lanes
                 we
                 passed
                 through
                 about
                 
                   Stantz
                   ,
                   Zug
                
                 and
                 elsewhere
                 we
                 observed
                 growing
                 plentifully
                 
                   Aublatum
                   Cordi
                
                 or
                 
                   Dentaria
                   aphyllos
                
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 from
                 Zug
                 to
                 Zurich
                 which
                 is
                 5
                 good
                 hours
                 riding
                 .
                 
                 But
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 we
                 have
                 already
                 written
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 Zurich
                 we
                 rode
                 to
                 Mellingen
                 a
                 free
                 Town
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Baden
                 ,
                 
                 4
                 good
                 leagues
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 through
                 a
                 little
                 walled
                 Town
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Bernese
                 called
                 Lensburgh
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 Arauw
                 a
                 considerable
                 Town
                 upon
                 the
                 river
                 Aar
                 ,
                 subject
                 also
                 to
                 the
                 Bernese
                 ,
                 4
                 short
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 a
                 streight
                 rode
                 passing
                 no
                 considerable
                 Town
                 till
                 we
                 arrived
                 at
                 Soloturn
                 
                 9
                 leagues
                 distant
                 
                 from
                 Arauw
                 .
                 This
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 a
                 Canton
                 is
                 no
                 large
                 Town
                 ,
                 nor
                 very
                 considerable
                 for
                 its
                 strength
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 diverted
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 rode
                 to
                 Geneva
                 to
                 see
                 Bern
                 ,
                 
                 6
                 hours
                 distant
                 from
                 Soloturn
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 handsome
                 City
                 ,
                 built
                 all
                 of
                 stone
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 houses
                 be
                 not
                 tall
                 .
                 It
                 hath
                 one
                 fair
                 long
                 street
                 with
                 narrow
                 portico's
                 or
                 Cloysters
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 .
                 It
                 lies
                 stretched
                 out
                 in
                 length
                 upon
                 a
                 hill
                 which
                 I
                 may
                 call
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 so
                 almost
                 begirt
                 about
                 with
                 the
                 river
                 .
                 On
                 that
                 side
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 compassed
                 with
                 the
                 river
                 it
                 is
                 strongly
                 fortified
                 with
                 good
                 bastions
                 and
                 outworks
                 .
                 The
                 Founder
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 Friburg
                 in
                 Switzerland
                 ,
                 and
                 Friburg
                 in
                 Brisgoia
                 was
                 Berchtoldus
                 Duke
                 of
                 Zerin
                 ;
                 as
                 appears
                 by
                 the
                 inscription
                 upon
                 their
                 moneys
                 .
                 To
                 him
                 they
                 have
                 erected
                 a
                 monument
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 Church
                 .
                 This
                 Church
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 handsomest
                 stone-fabrics
                 in
                 all
                 Switzerland
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 territory
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 is
                 more
                 then
                 on
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 of
                 the
                 Suisses
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 60
                 Praefecturae
                 or
                 Bailyages
                 ,
                 besides
                 4
                 which
                 are
                 common
                 to
                 them
                 with
                 Friburg
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 there
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 many
                 rich
                 men
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 but
                 little
                 trade
                 .
                 The
                 Landtvogts
                 or
                 Bayliffs
                 continue
                 in
                 office
                 6
                 years
                 ,
                 during
                 which
                 time
                 they
                 enrich
                 themselves
                 well
                 ;
                 yet
                 do
                 not
                 their
                 subjects
                 complain
                 ,
                 but
                 acknowledge
                 themselves
                 well
                 used
                 by
                 their
                 Governours
                 .
                 Heer
                 they
                 keep
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 Bears
                 in
                 a
                 pit
                 .
                 These
                 Bears
                 I
                 observed
                 to
                 climb
                 the
                 firr-trees
                 growing
                 in
                 the
                 pit
                 ,
                 and
                 delighting
                 to
                 sit
                 on
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 them
                 like
                 birds
                 on
                 a
                 perch
                 .
                 The
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 is
                 also
                 a
                 Bear
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 took
                 I
                 suppose
                 alluding
                 to
                 their
                 name
                 Bern
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 first
                 coyned
                 the
                 mony
                 called
                 Batzes
                 from
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 a
                 bear
                 stamped
                 upon
                 it
                 :
                 which
                 afterward
                 all
                 the
                 Cantons
                 imitated
                 ,
                 calling
                 it
                 also
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 name
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 Bern
                 we
                 rode
                 to
                 Friburg
                 a
                 handsome
                 Town
                 
                 
                 and
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 a
                 Canton
                 ,
                 built
                 upon
                 a
                 hill
                 almost
                 begirt
                 with
                 a
                 river
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Bern
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Founder
                 ,
                 on
                 all
                 sides
                 environed
                 with
                 hills
                 ,
                 save
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 continuous
                 to
                 the
                 land
                 .
                 Their
                 territory
                 is
                 surrounded
                 with
                 and
                 enclosed
                 in
                 the
                 territory
                 of
                 Bern.
                 
              
               
                 From
                 Friburg
                 we
                 travelled
                 through
                 Maulton
                 to
                 Lausanna
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 great
                 Town
                 and
                 an
                 University
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 
                   Lausanna
                   April
                   19.
                
                 through
                 Morges
                 a
                 large
                 Town
                 ,
                 Rolle
                 and
                 Nion
                 considerable
                 Towns
                 by
                 the
                 lake
                 of
                 Geneva's
                 side
                 and
                 Verfoy
                 a
                 little
                 Town
                 on
                 the
                 lake
                 near
                 Geneva
                 ,
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 our
                 lodging
                 at
                 Geneva
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 rested
                 and
                 sojourned
                 near
                 3
                 months
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Governments
                 of
                 
                   Soloturn
                   .
                   Bern
                
                 and
                 Friburg
                 are
                 much
                 like
                 that
                 of
                 Lucern
                 .
                 In
                 Soloturn
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 lesser
                 Council
                 is
                 35
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 greater
                 115.
                 
                 When
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 35
                 dies
                 ,
                 the
                 34
                 remaining
                 chuse
                 one
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 115.
                 
                 When
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 115
                 dies
                 or
                 is
                 advanced
                 the
                 rest
                 chuse
                 one
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 In
                 Bern
                 the
                 greater
                 Council
                 consists
                 of
                 200
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lesser
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 told
                 there
                 )
                 of
                 42
                 ,
                 though
                 Simler
                 makes
                 them
                 but
                 26.
                 
                 These
                 Councils
                 are
                 chosen
                 by
                 20
                 Electors
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Sculthess
                   ,
                   viz.
                
                 the
                 four
                 Signiferi
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 16
                 whom
                 they
                 pick
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 and
                 joyn
                 with
                 themselves
                 .
                 In
                 Friburg
                 the
                 lesser
                 Council
                 is
                 of
                 24
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 of
                 200.
                 
                 When
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 lesser
                 Council
                 dies
                 they
                 chuse
                 one
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 greater
                 :
                 and
                 when
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greater
                 dies
                 or
                 is
                 removed
                 the
                 lesser
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 understood
                 them
                 )
                 chuse
                 one
                 into
                 his
                 place
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 Cities
                 have
                 2
                 Sculteti
                 or
                 Consuls
                 who
                 rule
                 
                   alternis
                   annis
                
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 desires
                 a
                 more
                 full
                 and
                 particular
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 government
                 of
                 these
                 Cities
                 may
                 consult
                 
                   Simler
                   de
                   Repub
                   .
                   Helvetiorum
                
                 .
                 Each
                 of
                 the
                 Cantons
                 have
                 some
                 Saint
                 or
                 other
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Patron
                 and
                 protector
                 ,
                 
                 whose
                 image
                 the
                 popish
                 Cantons
                 set
                 on
                 the
                 reverse
                 of
                 their
                 monies
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   g.
                   S.
                   Oswald
                
                 a
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 Protector
                 of
                 Zug
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 Church
                 they
                 have
                 his
                 reliques
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 set
                 up
                 his
                 image
                 on
                 horseback
                 .
                 The
                 Protestant
                 Cantons
                 are
                 
                   Zurich
                   ,
                   Bern
                   Basel
                   ,
                   Sehafhausse
                   ,
                
                 part
                 of
                 Glaris
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 Appenzel
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 most
                 frequently
                 breeds
                 differences
                 a
                 quarrels
                 among
                 the
                 Suitzers
                 is
                 the
                 business
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 vogties
                 or
                 Bailywicks
                 .
                 For
                 most
                 of
                 these
                 [
                 I
                 mean
                 the
                 Dutch
                 ones
                 ]
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 reformed
                 religion
                 are
                 oppressed
                 and
                 injured
                 by
                 the
                 Popish
                 Lantvogts
                 ,
                 the
                 Protestant
                 Cantons
                 not
                 knowing
                 how
                 either
                 to
                 help
                 and
                 relieve
                 them
                 or
                 retaliate
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Popish
                 Cantons
                 being
                 more
                 in
                 number
                 than
                 the
                 Protestants
                 ,
                 they
                 send
                 Lantvogts
                 to
                 these
                 places
                 twice
                 to
                 the
                 Protestants
                 once
                 .
                 This
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 Zurich
                 told
                 me
                 wad
                 
                   fundi
                   sui
                   calamitas
                
                 ,
                 and
                 occasioned
                 the
                 two
                 late
                 breaches
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Switzers
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 are
                 very
                 stiff
                 in
                 their
                 Religion
                 ;
                 the
                 Papists
                 not
                 permitting
                 or
                 tolerating
                 one
                 Protestant
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Protestants
                 one
                 Papist
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 territories
                 .
                 Though
                 the
                 Cantons
                 adhering
                 to
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Rome
                 are
                 more
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 reformed
                 are
                 much
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 besides
                 that
                 their
                 land
                 is
                 better
                 ,
                 very
                 like
                 to
                 ours
                 in
                 England
                 .
                 The
                 Romanists
                 are
                 accounted
                 the
                 better
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 reason
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 being
                 more
                 exercised
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 serving
                 the
                 Spanish
                 and
                 French
                 Kings
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Religion
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 the
                 Zurichers
                 who
                 anciently
                 had
                 the
                 reputation
                 for
                 valour
                 ,
                 are
                 now
                 much
                 given
                 to
                 merchandise
                 and
                 to
                 accumulate
                 riches
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 taken
                 off
                 from
                 martial
                 studies
                 and
                 exercises
                 .
                 The
                 Bernese
                 though
                 they
                 have
                 far
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 best
                 territory
                 of
                 all
                 (
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 they
                 can
                 arm
                 as
                 many
                 men
                 as
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Milan
                 ;
                 send
                 into
                 the
                 field
                 100000
                 Souldiers
                 and
                 yet
                 leave
                 enough
                 at
                 home
                 to
                 till
                 the
                 land
                 )
                 yet
                 have
                 they
                 no
                 reputation
                 for
                 Souldiers
                 ;
                 they
                 lost
                 their
                 credit
                 quite
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 skirmish
                 with
                 the
                 
                 Lucernese
                 ,
                 who
                 account
                 them
                 rather
                 Savoyards
                 than
                 Switzers
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Cantons
                 of
                 Switzerland
                 coyn
                 money
                 except
                 
                   Appenzel
                   ,
                   Vnderwald
                
                 and
                 Glaris
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Glaris
                 formerly
                 hath
                 coined
                 though
                 now
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Swizzers
                 in
                 general
                 are
                 very
                 honest
                 people
                 ,
                 king
                 and
                 civil
                 to
                 strangers
                 .
                 One
                 may
                 travel
                 their
                 Countrey
                 securely
                 with
                 a
                 bag
                 of
                 gold
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 .
                 When
                 we
                 came
                 to
                 out
                 Inns
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 troubled
                 if
                 we
                 distrusted
                 them
                 so
                 far
                 às
                 to
                 take
                 our
                 Portmanteau's
                 into
                 our
                 lodging-chambers
                 and
                 not
                 leave
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 common
                 dining
                 rooms
                 .
                 They
                 keep
                 their
                 houses
                 very
                 clean
                 and
                 polite
                 like
                 our
                 good
                 housewives
                 in
                 England
                 .
                 For
                 plants
                 ,
                 going
                 from
                 Zurich
                 to
                 Mellingen
                 we
                 observed
                 common
                 Gooseberry
                 in
                 the
                 hedges
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 way-sides
                 very
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 places
                 
                   Barberries
                   .
                   Sigillum
                   Solomonis
                
                 and
                 
                   Herba
                   Paris
                
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 common
                 plants
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 this
                 Countrey
                 in
                 the
                 woods
                 and
                 hedges
                 every
                 where
                 :
                 
                   Anonymus
                   flore
                   Coluteae
                
                 on
                 the
                 mountains
                 near
                 Zurich
                 .
                 From
                 Arauw
                 to
                 
                   Soloturn
                   Helleboraster
                   maximus
                
                 out
                 he
                 hills
                 sides
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 Christophoriana
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 mention
                 
                   Fumaria
                   Bulbosa
                
                 every
                 where
                 growing
                 in
                 the
                 shady
                 lanes
                 .
              
               
                 Geneva
                 is
                 pleasantly
                 seated
                 at
                 the
                 lower
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Lacus
                   Lemanus
                
                 ,
                 
                 now
                 called
                 Genffer-zee
                 or
                 the
                 lake
                 of
                 Geneva
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 hill
                 side
                 respecting
                 the
                 lake
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 from
                 the
                 lake
                 you
                 have
                 a
                 fair
                 prospect
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Town
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 divided
                 by
                 the
                 river
                 Rhodanus
                 or
                 Rhosne
                 into
                 two
                 parts
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 joyned
                 together
                 by
                 two
                 wooden
                 bridges
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 hath
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 a
                 row
                 of
                 houses
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 London-bridge
                 ,
                 only
                 they
                 are
                 low
                 .
                 The
                 two
                 principal
                 and
                 indeed
                 only
                 considerable
                 streets
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 are
                 the
                 low
                 street
                 [
                 
                   Rüe
                   bas
                
                 ]
                 which
                 runs
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 river
                 and
                 lakes
                 side
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 high
                 street
                 or
                 great
                 street
                 [
                 
                   Rüe
                   grand
                
                 ]
                 which
                 runs
                 up
                 the
                 hill
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 is
                 indifferently
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 have
                 lately
                 been
                 at
                 great
                 expences
                 to
                 fortific
                 it
                 
                   alla
                   moderna
                
                 with
                 ramparts
                 
                 and
                 bastions
                 of
                 earth
                 .
                 Though
                 it
                 be
                 but
                 small
                 yet
                 is
                 it
                 very
                 populous
                 ,
                 being
                 supposed
                 to
                 contain
                 30000
                 souls
                 ,
                 St.
                 Peter's
                 Church
                 ,
                 formerly
                 the
                 Cathedral
                 ,
                 is
                 handsome
                 and
                 well-built
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 it
                 is
                 a
                 stately
                 monument
                 for
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Rohan
                 .
                 The
                 Citizens
                 are
                 very
                 busie
                 and
                 industrious
                 ,
                 subsisting
                 chiefly
                 by
                 trading
                 :
                 the
                 whole
                 territory
                 of
                 this
                 Republic
                 being
                 not
                 so
                 great
                 as
                 some
                 one
                 Noblemans
                 estate
                 in
                 England
                 for
                 extent
                 of
                 land
                 .
                 All
                 provisions
                 of
                 victuals
                 are
                 very
                 plentiful
                 and
                 cheap
                 at
                 Geneva
                 ,
                 especially
                 milk-meats
                 ,
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 mountains
                 feeding
                 abundance
                 of
                 cattel
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 tops
                 of
                 
                   Jura
                   ,
                   Saleve
                
                 and
                 other
                 high
                 mountains
                 of
                 
                   Savoy
                   ,
                   Daulphiny
                
                 and
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 bare
                 of
                 wood
                 ,
                 put
                 forth
                 very
                 good
                 grass
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 snow
                 is
                 melted
                 off
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 usually
                 is
                 about
                 or
                 before
                 mid-May
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 the
                 Countrey
                 people
                 drive
                 up
                 their
                 cattel
                 to
                 pasture
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 them
                 there
                 for
                 three
                 months
                 time
                 .
                 Upon
                 these
                 hill
                 tops
                 they
                 have
                 heer
                 and
                 there
                 low
                 sheds
                 or
                 dairy
                 houses
                 ,
                 which
                 serve
                 the
                 men
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 butter
                 and
                 cheese
                 in
                 ,
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 they
                 keep
                 their
                 beasts
                 above
                 .
                 The
                 men
                 I
                 say
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 only
                 ascend
                 up
                 thither
                 and
                 do
                 all
                 the
                 dairy
                 work
                 ,
                 leaving
                 their
                 wives
                 to
                 keep
                 house
                 below
                 ;
                 it
                 being
                 too
                 toilsome
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 clamber
                 up
                 such
                 high
                 and
                 steep
                 hills
                 .
                 By
                 reason
                 of
                 these
                 cotes
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 convenient
                 simpling
                 upon
                 the
                 mountains
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 a
                 man
                 be
                 hungry
                 or
                 thirsty
                 he
                 may
                 soon
                 find
                 relief
                 at
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 We
                 always
                 found
                 the
                 people
                 very
                 kind
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 viz.
                 brown
                 bread
                 ,
                 milk
                 ,
                 whey
                 ,
                 butter
                 ,
                 curds
                 ,
                 &c.
                 for
                 which
                 we
                 could
                 sca●ce
                 fasten
                 any
                 mony
                 uon
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 temper
                 of
                 the
                 air
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 heat
                 and
                 cold
                 Geneva
                 I
                 think
                 is
                 very
                 like
                 England
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 great
                 excess
                 of
                 either
                 extreme
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 is
                 well
                 governed
                 ,
                 vice
                 discountenanced
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 people
                 either
                 really
                 better
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 more
                 restrained
                 then
                 in
                 
                 other
                 places
                 :
                 Though
                 they
                 do
                 take
                 liberty
                 to
                 shoot
                 and
                 use
                 other
                 sports
                 and
                 exercises
                 upon
                 the
                 Lords
                 day
                 ,
                 yet
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Ministers
                 disallow
                 it
                 and
                 preach
                 against
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Our
                 long
                 stay
                 heer
                 at
                 Geneva
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 proper
                 season
                 for
                 simpling
                 ,
                 gave
                 us
                 leisure
                 to
                 search
                 for
                 and
                 advantage
                 of
                 finding
                 many
                 species
                 of
                 plants
                 in
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 fields
                 and
                 mountains
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 heer
                 present
                 the
                 Reader
                 with
                 a
                 catalogue
                 :
                 Such
                 as
                 are
                 native
                 of
                 England
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Roman
                 letter
                 .
              
               
                 
                   In
                   Colle
                   la
                   Bastie
                   dicto
                   &
                   Sylvis
                   clivosis
                   ad
                   Rhodani
                   ripas
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Colutea
                     scorpioides
                  
                   :
                   Melissophyllon
                   Fuchsio
                   flore
                   albo
                   atque
                   etiam
                   vario
                   :
                   
                     Lilium
                     flore
                     nutante
                     ferrugineo
                     majus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Monophyllon
                   Ger.
                   
                     Orobus
                     Pannonicus
                  
                   1
                   Clus
                   .
                   
                     Hepaticum
                     trifolium
                  
                   Lob.
                   Frangula
                   ;
                   
                     Chamaedrys
                     falsa
                     maxima
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Bellis
                     sylvatica
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Trifolium
                     purpureum
                     majus
                     folio
                     &
                     spica
                     longiore
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Orobus
                   
                     sylvaticus
                     viciae
                     foliis
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Tithymalus
                     cyparissias
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Tithymalus
                     non
                     acris
                     flore
                     rubro
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Horminum
                     luteum
                  
                   sive
                   
                     Colus
                     Jovis
                  
                   ;
                   Aquilegia
                   vulgaris
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   monte
                   Saleve
                   dicto
                   unâ
                   circiter
                   leucâ
                   à
                   Geneva
                   distante
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Cotoneaster
                     Gesneri
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Diospyros
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Bellis
                     caerulea
                     Monspeliaca
                  
                   Ger.
                   Scabiosa
                   10
                   
                     sive
                     repens
                  
                   Clus
                   
                     Alsine
                     muscosa
                     quibusdam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   rivulos
                   propè
                   
                     Saleve
                     .
                     Ageratum
                     purpureum
                     Dalechampii
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ad
                   radices
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Sanieula
                     Alpina
                     guttata
                  
                   ,
                   In
                   summitate
                   propè
                   fontes
                   .
                   Pes
                   cati
                   flo
                   .
                   albo
                   &
                   suaverubente
                   
                     ibid
                     &
                     copiosissime
                     .
                     Gentiana
                     major
                  
                   Ger
                   In
                   pascuis
                   propè
                   summitatem
                   montis
                   abunde
                   .
                   
                     Gentianula
                     quae
                     Hippion
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   
                     Caalia
                     quibusdam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   sylvosis
                   suprema
                   montis
                   parte
                   .
                   
                     Polygonatum
                     angustifolium
                  
                   ,
                   ibid.
                   polygonatum
                   floribus
                   ex
                   singularibus
                   pediculis
                   
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   rupibus
                   &
                   saxosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Draba
                     alba
                     siliquosa
                     repens
                  
                   ,
                   juxta
                   fontes
                   propè
                   montis
                   summitatem
                   .
                   
                     Hesperis
                     sylvestris
                     latifolia
                     flore
                     albo
                     parvo
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   
                     Ribes
                     Alpinus
                     dulcis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   summo
                   montis
                   cacumine
                   .
                   
                     Anagyris
                     sive
                     Laburnum
                  
                   ,
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Ferrum
                     equinum
                     Gallicum
                     siliquis
                     in
                     summitate
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Periclymenum
                     rectum
                     fructu
                     rubro
                  
                   Ger.
                   
                     Doronicum
                     vulgare
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Dentaria
                     heptaphyllos
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Barba
                     capri
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   Lilium
                   convallium
                   ,
                   ibid.
                   Christophoriana
                   ,
                   ibid.
                   
                     Lilium
                     floribus
                     reflexis
                     montanum
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   Aria
                   Theqpharsti
                   ;
                   Melissophyllum
                   Fuchsii
                   ;
                   Polygonatum
                   vulgare
                   ;
                   Polemonium
                   petraeum
                   
                     Gesn
                     .
                     Colutea
                     scorpioides
                     ;
                     Thlaspi
                     oleraceum
                  
                   Tab.
                   Fraxinus
                   bubula
                   ;
                   Alchimilla
                   vulgaris
                   ,
                   in
                   pascuis
                   in
                   suprema
                   montis
                   parte
                   abundè
                   Pyrola
                   vulgaris
                   ;
                   
                     Pyrola
                     fol.
                     mucronato
                     serrato
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   utraque
                   in
                   sylvosis
                   .
                   Filix
                   ramosa
                   minor
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Libanotis
                     Theophrasti
                     minor
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   In
                   saxosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Siler
                     montan
                     um
                     Officinarum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Carum
                   :
                   
                     Lactua
                     sylvatica
                     purpurea
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Cyclaminus
                     folio
                     anguloso
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Filix
                     Saxatilis
                     non
                     ramosa
                     minima
                     ;
                     Caryophyllus
                     gramineo
                     folio
                     minimus
                     ;
                     Aconitum
                     lycoctonum
                     luteum
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Vicia
                     maxima
                     dumetorum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   sylvis
                   in
                   ascensu
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Sedum
                     Alpinum
                     hirsutum
                     luteum
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   E
                   saxorum
                   rimis
                   emergit
                   .
                   Peucedani
                   facie
                   pusilla
                   planta
                   Lob.
                   E
                   rupium
                   fissuris
                   .
                   
                     Sedum
                     serratum
                  
                   J.
                   B
                   
                     Vva
                     ursi
                     ;
                     Colus
                     Jovis
                     ;
                     Gramini
                     Luzulae
                     affine
                     flore
                     albo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   &
                   dumetis
                   propè
                   imam
                   montis
                   partem
                   .
                   
                     Thlaspi
                     Alpinum
                     minus
                     capitulo
                     rotundo
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   In
                   rupibus
                   humidioribus
                   .
                   
                     Rubia
                     caerulea
                     elatior
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   inter
                   segetes
                   .
                   
                     Phalangium
                     pulchrius
                     non
                     ramosum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Androsaemum
                   Campoclarense
                   
                     Col.
                     Helianthemum
                     Alpinum
                     folio
                     Pilosellae
                     minoris
                     Fuchsii
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Helleborine
                     ex
                     albido
                     sublutea
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   ●ylvosis
                   ad
                   radices
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Astragalus
                     Monspeliano
                     candidior
                     &
                     Onobrychis
                     qu●mundam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   saxosis
                   .
                   
                     Helleborine
                     flore
                     albo
                  
                   ,
                   In
                   sylvis
                   suprema
                   montis
                   parte
                   .
                   
                     Astrantia
                     nigra
                  
                   ,
                   In
                   pratis
                   montosis
                   .
                   
                   
                     Cicutaria
                     latifolia
                     hirsuta
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   
                     Pentaphylloides
                     erectum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Propè
                   arcem
                   antiquam
                   jam
                   dirutam
                   .
                   Chamaenerium
                   vulgare
                   :
                   
                     Pilosellae
                     majoris
                     sive
                     Pulmonariae
                     luteae
                     laciniatae
                     species
                     minor
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Hieracium
                     parvum
                     hirtum
                     caule
                     aphyllo
                     crispum
                     ubi
                     siccatum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ad
                   radices
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Orchis
                     strateumatica
                     minor
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Pseudo-asphodelus
                     quibusdam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   paludosis
                   ad
                   radices
                   montis
                   .
                   Orchis
                   parva
                   autumnalis
                   lutea
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                  
                   ibidem
                   .
                   Diospyros
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Thymelaea
                     quaedam
                     incana
                  
                   .
                   Ad
                   pedalem
                   &
                   sesquipedalem
                   altitudinem
                   assurgit
                   ,
                   &
                   in
                   plures
                   ramos
                   dividitur
                   hic
                   frutex
                   .
                   Lignum
                   ejus
                   supra
                   modum
                   fragile
                   ,
                   Cortex
                   cinereus
                   ;
                   Folia
                   Mezerei
                   Germanici
                   sed
                   minora
                   ,
                   acuminata
                   ,
                   utrinque
                   hirsuta
                   ,
                   glauca
                   .
                   Flores
                   in
                   summitatibus
                   ramulorum
                   4
                   aut
                   5
                   ,
                   Out
                   etiam
                   plures
                   simul
                   conferti
                   ,
                   pediculis
                   nullis
                   ,
                   nullo
                   calicè
                   ,
                   è
                   tubo
                   longiusculo
                   in
                   4
                   foliola
                   alba
                   acuminata
                   expanduntur
                   ,
                   Staminula
                   crocea
                   intus
                   continentes
                   .
                   Floribus
                   succedunt
                   baccae
                   longiusculae
                   quae
                   nondum
                   matumerant
                   .
                   Floret
                   initio
                   Maii
                   ;
                   in
                   sylvosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Dentaria
                     Pentaphyllos
                  
                   ;
                   Damasonium
                   
                     purpureum
                     dilutum
                     sive
                     Helleborine
                  
                   4
                   Clus
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   Calceolus
                   Mariae
                   ,
                   
                     ibid.
                     Carduus
                     Cirsium
                     dictus
                     folio
                     laciniato
                     nigrius
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Pentaphyllum
                     recutm
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   è
                   rupium
                   fissuris
                   .
                   
                     Campanula
                     repens
                     flore
                     minore
                     caeruleo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Digitalis
                     flore
                     minore
                     subluteo
                     ,
                     angustiore
                     folio
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Alsine
                     maxima
                  
                   Hist
                   .
                   Lugd.
                   
                     Valeriana
                     Alpina
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Hanc
                   Patavini
                   Valerianam
                   Trachelii
                   folio
                   denominant
                   ,
                   aptâ
                   sanè
                   appellatione
                   :
                   Sunt
                   enim
                   ei
                   folia
                   Traehelii
                   majoris
                   .
                   Radix
                   valdè
                   aromatica
                   est
                   &
                   odorata
                   .
                   
                     Valeriana
                     Alpina
                     altera
                     foliis
                     integris
                     ,
                     inodora
                     :
                     Radices
                  
                   longae
                   ,
                   repentes
                   ,
                   fibris
                   donatae
                   subinde
                   germina
                   protrudunt
                   .
                   Folia
                   valerianae
                   minoris
                   sylv
                   .
                   ex
                   rotundo
                   oblonga
                   pediculis
                   longis
                   insident
                   ,
                   non
                   laciniata
                   ,
                   ne
                   illa
                   quidem
                   que
                   in
                   caule
                   consistunt
                   ,
                   ad
                   margines
                   obiter
                   nonnunquam
                   dentata
                   ,
                   violae
                   foliis
                   quodammodo
                   similia
                   .
                   Radix
                   nec
                   saporm
                   nec
                   odorem
                   (
                   quem
                   quidem
                   ego
                   sentire
                   potui
                   )
                   aromaticum
                   
                   habuit
                   .
                   Caulis
                   pedalis
                   ,
                   rotundus
                   ,
                   striatus
                   ,
                   concavus
                   ,
                   duplici
                   plerunque
                   foliorum
                   pari
                   ,
                   quae
                   sine
                   pediculis
                   illos
                   amplectuntur
                   ,
                   praediti
                   .
                   Flores
                   albi
                   ,
                   Valerianae
                   sylvestris
                   simillimi
                   ,
                   uti
                   sunt
                   &
                   semina
                   .
                   
                     Scabiosa
                     maxima
                     dumetorum
                     folio
                     non
                     laciniato
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Herba
                     Doria
                  
                   ,
                   Propè
                   Carthusianorum
                   coenobium
                   .
                   
                     Ranumculus
                     magnus
                     valdè
                     hirsutus
                     flore
                     luteo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   Sedum
                   an
                   potiùs
                   Draba
                   minima
                   siliquosa
                   flore
                   albo
                   .
                   Radice
                   nititur
                   simplici
                   ,
                   fibrosâ
                   ,
                   albâ
                   :
                   Folia
                   juxta
                   terram
                   plura
                   Senecionis
                   aut
                   Bellidis
                   majoris
                   sed
                   minora
                   &
                   pro
                   magnitudine
                   breviora
                   ,
                   per
                   oras
                   rarioribus
                   incisuris
                   dentata
                   ,
                   extremitatibus
                   subrotundis
                   ,
                   atrovirentia
                   ,
                   rarioribus
                   pilis
                   iis
                   tamen
                   rigidiusculis
                   aspera
                   .
                   E
                   medio
                   foliorum
                   emergunt
                   caules
                   rotundi
                   ,
                   rubentes
                   ,
                   rarioribus
                   pilis
                   hirsuti
                   ,
                   foliis
                   nudi
                   praeterquam
                   ad
                   florum
                   pediculos
                   .
                   Flores
                   in
                   summitatibus
                   caulium
                   singulorum
                   5
                   vel
                   etiam
                   6
                   &
                   nonnunquam
                   plures
                   ,
                   albi
                   ,
                   quadrifolii
                   ,
                   è
                   calice
                   longiusculo
                   ,
                   herbaceo
                   ,
                   quadrifolio
                   exeunt
                   .
                   In
                   summitate
                   montis
                   sub
                   initium
                   Maii
                   florere
                   incipit
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   monte
                   Jura
                   circa
                   vertices
                   Thuiri
                   &
                   la
                   Dolaz
                   rariores
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Helleborus
                     albus
                  
                   in
                   pascuis
                   montosis
                   copiosissimé
                   .
                   
                     Tussilago
                     Alpina
                     minor
                     folio
                     rotundo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   summis
                   verticibus
                   .
                   
                     Soldanella
                     Alpina
                     quibusdam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   
                     Scabiosa
                     montana
                     maxima
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   In
                   vertice
                   
                     Thuiri
                     Ranuneulus
                     albus
                     simplici
                     flore
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   propè
                   summitates
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Ranunculus
                     montanus
                     albus
                     birsutus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   
                     Thalictrum
                     majus
                     folliculis
                     angulosis
                     ,
                     caule
                     levi
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   
                     Oxalis
                     maxima
                     sylvatica
                  
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Oxalis
                     folio
                     rotundiore
                     repens
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   
                     Lonchitis
                     altera
                     cum
                     folio
                     denticulato
                     ,
                     sive
                     Lonchitis
                     altera
                     Matthioli
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   ipso
                   montis
                   vertice
                   in
                   rupibus
                   .
                   Sedum
                   majus
                   vulgare
                   ibid.
                   Sedum
                   tridacty
                   lites
                   Alpinum
                   ,
                   
                     ibid.
                     Chamaoedrys
                     Alpina
                     flore
                     Fragariae
                     albo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Auricula
                     muris
                     pulchro
                     folre
                     ,
                     folio
                     tenuissimo
                  
                   
                   J.
                   B
                   Accedit
                   haec
                   planta
                   ad
                   Saxifragam
                   nostram
                   palustrem
                   Anglicam
                   .
                   
                     Antithora
                     flore
                     luteo
                     Aconiti
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   summis
                   montis
                   jugis
                   .
                   
                     Linaria
                     purpurea
                     parva
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Dentaria
                     quinquefolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   sylvosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Coralloides
                     altera
                     sive
                     septifolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   
                     Cacalia
                     quibusdam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid
                   
                     Pentaphyllum
                     sive
                     potiùs
                     Heptaphyllum
                     argenteum
                     flore
                     muscoso
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Carum
                   ;
                   
                     Phyllon
                     thelygonon
                     Dalechampii
                     ;
                     Sigillum
                     Solomonis
                     angustifolium
                     .
                     Echium
                     Alpinum
                     luteum
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Libanotis
                     Theophrasti
                     minor
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   
                     Astrantia
                     nigra
                     ;
                     Sanicula
                     Alpina
                     guttata
                     ;
                     Helianthemum
                     Alpinum
                     folio
                     Pilosellae
                     minoris
                     Fuchsii
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Crocus
                     vernus
                     latifolius
                     flore
                     purpureo
                     minore
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Helianthemum
                   tenuifolium
                   glabrum
                   luteo
                   flore
                   J.
                   B.
                   ad
                   radices
                   montis
                   .
                   Pes
                   cati
                   ;
                   Ribes
                   Alpinus
                   dulcis
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Lactuca
                     sylvatica
                     purpurea
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Valeriana
                     Alpina
                     ;
                     Cyanus
                     major
                     ;
                     Polygonatum
                  
                   floribus
                   ex
                   
                     singularibus
                     pediculis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Digitalis
                     lutea
                     magno
                     flore
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   radices
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Thora
                     folio
                     Cyclamini
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   i.
                   e.
                   
                     Phthora
                     Valdensium
                  
                   ;
                   in
                   summitate
                   montis
                   copiosé
                   .
                   Diospyros
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylvosis
                   ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   .
                   
                     Plantago
                     angustifolia
                     Alpina
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Nerium
                     Alpinum
                     quibusdam
                     ,
                     aliis
                     Ledum
                     glabrum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Chamae
                     mespilus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Acini
                     pulchra
                     species
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Veronica
                     saxatilis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Chamaedryi
                     vulgari
                     falsae
                     aliquatenus
                     assinis
                     Alpina
                     ,
                     an
                     Clinopodium
                     Alpinum
                     Ponae
                     ?
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Gentiana
                     Alpina
                     magno
                     flore
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   altis●imo
                   vertice
                   Thuiri
                   .
                   Bistorta
                   minima
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                  
                   an
                   Bistorta
                   Alpina
                   media
                   
                     c.
                     B
                     ?
                     Orchis
                     palmata
                     flore
                     viridi
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   pascuis
                   montosis
                   .
                   
                     Orchis
                     rotunda
                     Dalechampii
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Lunaria
                   Botrytis
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                  
                   Ranunculus
                   flore
                   globoso
                   ,
                   quibasdam
                   Trollius
                   flos
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                     ●Piloscll●
                     sive
                     Pulmonaria
                     lutea
                     angustiore
                     foli●
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   E
                   rupium
                   fissuris
                   exoritur
                   .
                   
                     Nasturtiolum
                     Alpinum
                     tenuissimè
                     divisum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Aster
                     purpureus
                     montanus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Viola
                     martia
                     lutea
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Sideritis
                     Valerandi
                     Dourez
                     brevi
                     spica
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Geranium
                     phae●
                     sive
                     pullo
                     sore
                     Clusii
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Daucus
                     Creticus
                     semine
                     hirsuto
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Apium
                     montanum
                     nigrum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   radices
                   montis
                   .
                   Circa
                   verticem
                   
                     La
                     Dolaz
                  
                   dictum
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   
                     Sonchus
                     caeruleus
                     latifolius
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Tussilago
                     Alpina
                     folio
                     longo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Rapunculi
                     genus
                     folio
                     serrato
                     rotundiore
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Orchis
                     palmata
                     minor
                     odoratissima
                     purpurea
                     sive
                     nigra
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Iu
                   pascuis
                   montosis
                   .
                   
                     Pentaphyllum
                     Alpinum
                     splendens
                     aureo
                     flore
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Gnaphalium
                     Alpinum
                     pulchrum
                  
                   ,
                   In
                   summo
                   montis
                   cacumine
                   .
                   Asarum
                   ,
                   In
                   sylvis
                   non
                   longè
                   ab
                   Abbatia
                   de
                   Beaumont
                   .
                   Helleborine
                   flore
                   atro-rubente
                   ,
                   
                     Chamae-iasme
                     Alpina
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   Append.
                   in
                   altissimo
                   vertice
                   
                     la
                     Dolaz
                  
                   .
                   Hieracium
                   Alpinum
                   flo
                   .
                   singulari
                   magno
                   cauli
                   cubitali
                   insidente
                   ,
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Iterum
                   in
                   monte
                   Thuiri
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Pilosella
                     minore
                     flore
                     ,
                     hirsutior
                     &
                     elatior
                     non
                     repens
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Astragalus
                     quidam
                     montanus
                     vel
                     Onobryobis
                     aliis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Caryophylli
                     sylvestris
                     quaedam
                     species
                  
                   ,
                   flore
                   purpureo
                   odorato
                   ,
                   foliis
                   glaucis
                   .
                   
                     Caryrphyllus
                     flore
                     tenuissime
                     dissecto
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Solidago
                     Sarcenica
                     ;
                     Siler
                     montanum
                     ;
                     Pulssatilla
                     alba
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Lunaria
                     major
                     siliquâ
                     longiore
                  
                   J
                   B.
                   
                     Hieracium
                     latifolium
                     montanum
                     Genevense
                     folio
                     Conyzae
                     majoris
                     Monspessulanae
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   latera
                   montis
                   
                     Caryophyllus
                     montanus
                     tenuifolius
                     Lini
                     flore
                  
                   .
                   Radix
                   ei
                   lignosa
                   ,
                   vivax
                   :
                   Cauliculi
                   ex
                   eadem
                   radice
                   plurimi
                   ut
                   in
                   caryophyllis
                   ,
                   lignosi
                   ,
                   cortice
                   cinereo
                   tecti
                   ,
                   [
                   vetustiores
                   intelligo
                   ]
                   geniculis
                   crebris
                   intercepti
                   .
                   Ad
                   singula
                   genicula
                   ramulorum
                   hornotinorum
                   folia
                   ex
                   adverso
                   bina
                   Tunicae
                   minimae
                   vel
                   Spergulae
                   purpureae
                   ,
                   angusta
                   ,
                   graminea
                   .
                   Cauliculi
                   in
                   ramulos
                   divisi
                   ,
                   inferiùs
                   ferè
                   glabri
                   ,
                   supernè
                   hirsuti
                   ,
                   in
                   summitatibus
                   suis
                   flores
                   gestant
                   amplos
                   in
                   pediculis
                   longis
                   hirsutis
                   ,
                   albos
                   ,
                   pentapetalos
                   ,
                   striatos
                   ,
                   Lini
                   floribus
                   similes
                   ;
                   foliis
                   quippe
                   compositos
                   subrotundis
                   ,
                   &
                   minimè
                   bifidis
                   cujusmodi
                   solent
                   esse
                   Alsines
                   &
                   Lychnidum
                   ,
                   non
                   tamen
                   caducos
                   ut
                   in
                   Lino
                   ,
                   stamina
                   continentes
                   plurima
                   herbacea
                   seu
                   luteola
                   .
                   Vasculum
                   seminale
                   longiusculum
                   ,
                   crassum
                   .
                   Floret
                   circa
                   finem
                   Junii
                   &
                   Julii
                   initio
                   
                     Psendostachys
                     Alpina
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Ranunculus
                     tenuifolius
                     montanus
                     lutcus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Bellis
                     
                     Alpina
                     major
                     rigido
                     folio
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   Salix
                   pumila
                   latifolia
                   folio
                   utrinque
                   glabro
                   ,
                   supernè
                   autem
                   splendente
                   .
                   Ramos
                   per
                   terram
                   spargit
                   minimi
                   digiti
                   crassitudine
                   ,
                   annosos
                   cortice
                   glauco
                   ,
                   juniores
                   virente
                   praeditos
                   ,
                   in
                   plurimos
                   surculos
                   divisos
                   ,
                   adèo
                   ut
                   terram
                   cooperiant
                   .
                   Folia
                   in
                   ramulis
                   crebra
                   alternatim
                   posita
                   ,
                   pediculis
                   brevibus
                   fulta
                   ,
                   parva
                   ,
                   ex
                   rotunditate
                   acuminata
                   ,
                   utrinque
                   glabra
                   ,
                   supernè
                   saturo
                   virore
                   splendentia
                   ,
                   nervosa
                   ,
                   unciam
                   plerunque
                   rariùs
                   sescunciam
                   longa
                   .
                   Julos
                   profert
                   creberrimos
                   ,
                   breviusculos
                   ,
                   è
                   pluribus
                   vasculis
                   seminalibus
                   in
                   acutum
                   apicem
                   ex
                   latiori
                   base
                   paulatim
                   fastigiatis
                   compositos
                   .
                   In
                   altissimis
                   jugis
                   montis
                   Jurae
                   .
                   
                     Veronica
                     Saxatilis
                     parva
                     caulibus
                     nudis
                  
                   .
                   Eodem
                   modo
                   repit
                   &
                   in
                   varios
                   dividitur
                   caespites
                   quo
                   Cotyledon
                   Matthioli
                   ,
                   aut
                   Sedum
                   serratum
                   .
                   Folia
                   ei
                   Veronicae
                   parva
                   ,
                   subrotunda
                   ,
                   hirsuta
                   ;
                   ad
                   margines
                   serrata
                   .
                   Caules
                   eodem
                   modo
                   exurgunt
                   quo
                   in
                   Phyllo
                   Dalechampii
                   thelygono
                   ,
                   duorum
                   triúmve
                   digitorum
                   altitudine
                   ,
                   rotundi
                   ,
                   foliis
                   destituti
                   .
                   Flores
                   in
                   summo
                   5
                   ,
                   6
                   aut
                   etiam
                   plures
                   Chamaedryos
                   spuriae
                   aut
                   Veronicae
                   ,
                   caerulei
                   ,
                   quadrifolii
                   .
                   Vascula
                   seminalia
                   magna
                   Thlaspeos
                   aut
                   Veronicae
                   vulgaris
                   repentis
                   .
                   
                     Sedum
                     minimum
                     montanum
                     non
                     acre
                     flore
                     purpuráscente
                     parvo
                     .
                  
                   Radix
                   ci
                   alba
                   ,
                   tenuis
                   ,
                   nec
                   ultra
                   annum
                   (
                   ut
                   mihi
                   visum
                   est
                   )
                   vivax
                   ,
                   pluribus
                   fibris
                   capillata
                   .
                   Caulis
                   nunc
                   simplex
                   ,
                   nunc
                   plures
                   ,
                   semipalmares
                   ,
                   crecti
                   ,
                   rotundi
                   ,
                   rubentes
                   ,
                   foliis
                   vestiti
                   creberrimis
                   ,
                   circumcirca
                   nullo
                   ordine
                   positis
                   ,
                   crassis
                   ,
                   teretibus
                   fere
                   ,
                   apicibus
                   obtusis
                   ,
                   rubentibus
                   .
                   Flores
                   in
                   summis
                   caulibus
                   velut
                   in
                   umbellas
                   digesti
                   ,
                   exigui
                   ,
                   pentapetali
                   ,
                   vix
                   se
                   pandentes
                   .
                   Florum
                   petala
                   acuta
                   ,
                   purpurascentia
                   ,
                   linea
                   per
                   medium
                   saturatioris
                   purpurae
                   decurrente
                   .
                   Vascula
                   seminalia
                   quinquepartita
                   ,
                   stellata
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   In
                   pratis
                   ,
                   pascuis
                   ,
                   sa●is
                   ,
                   collibus
                   ,
                   dumetis
                   ,
                   aggeribus
                   ,
                   alveis
                   ,
                   muris
                   ,
                   viis
                   publicis
                   ,
                   &
                   alibi
                   circa
                   urbem
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Thlaspi
                     oleraceum
                  
                   Tab.
                   
                     Campanula
                     Persicifolia
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   dumetis
                   .
                   
                     Chamaedrys
                     foliis
                     laciniatis
                     ;
                     Mezereon
                     Germanicum
                     ;
                     Christophoriana
                  
                   ;
                   Eryngium
                   campestre
                   ;
                   Sigillum
                   Solomonis
                   ;
                   Lilium
                   convallium
                   ;
                   Chamaepitys
                   ;
                   
                     Vva
                     ursi
                     ;
                     Rhamnus
                     secundus
                  
                   Clus
                   .
                   In
                   arenosis
                   ad
                   Rhodanum
                   .
                   Aria
                   Theophrasti
                   ;
                   Berberis
                   ;
                   Thlaspi
                   minus
                   quibusdam
                   ,
                   allis
                   Alysson
                   minus
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                  
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Rapunculus
                     Spicatus
                     C.
                     B.
                  
                   in
                   dumetis
                   .
                   
                     Pulmonaria
                     maculosa
                  
                   Lob.
                   
                     ibid.
                     Sinapi
                     Genevense
                     sylvestre
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   muris
                   ad
                   pontem
                   Arvae
                   flu
                   .
                   
                     Pentaphyllum
                     parvum
                     hirsutum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Saponaria
                     minor
                     quibusdam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Tanacetum
                     inodorum
                  
                   clus
                   .
                   
                     Typha
                     minor
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   saliceto
                   non
                   longè
                   â
                   ponte
                   Arvoe
                   flu
                   .
                   
                     Trifolium
                     pratense
                     album
                     à
                     Fuchsio
                     depictum
                     sive
                     mas
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Tithymalus
                     cyparissias
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   agris
                   siccioribus
                   ad
                   aggeres
                   ubique
                   .
                   Tithymalus
                   platy
                   phyllos
                   Fuchsii
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Psyllium
                     majus
                     erectum
                  
                   .
                   in
                   arenosis
                   propè
                   fluvium
                   
                     Arve
                     .
                     Lysimachia
                     silicusa
                     speciosa
                     angustifolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   alveo
                   flu
                   .
                   
                     Arvae
                     .
                     Scrophularia
                     Ruta
                     canina
                     dicta
                     ,
                  
                   ibidem
                   &
                   copiose
                   .
                   
                     Chamaedrys
                     vulgaris
                  
                   ;
                   Abrotanum
                   campestre
                   ;
                   
                     Phyteuma
                     Monspeliensium
                  
                   ,
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Pereclymenum
                     rectum
                     fructu
                     rubro
                     &
                     nigro
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   sepibus
                   &
                   dumetis
                   .
                   
                     Betonica
                     coronaria
                     sive
                     Caryophyllus
                     sylvestris
                     vulgatissimus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   pratis
                   .
                   
                     Gallitrichum
                     sylvestre
                     vulgò
                     ,
                     sive
                     sylvestris
                     Sclaraea
                     flore
                     purpureo
                     caeruleóve
                     magno
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Orchis
                   galeâ
                   &
                   alis
                   ferè
                   cinereis
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                  
                   Orchis
                   myodes
                   ;
                   Orchis
                   fuciflora
                   galeâ
                   &
                   alis
                   herbidis
                   ;
                   In
                   aggeribus
                   sylvosis
                   utraque
                   &
                   copiose
                   .
                   
                     Asclepias
                     flore
                     albo
                     ;
                     Tamarix
                     Germanica
                     ,
                     sive
                     minore
                     fruticosa
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   Arve
                   fluvium
                   .
                   
                     Polemonium
                     petraeum
                  
                   Gesneri
                   ;
                   Ad
                   Rbodani
                   ripas
                   ,
                   inque
                   ipsis
                   urbis
                   muris
                   .
                   
                     Crista
                     galli
                     utraque
                     mas
                     &
                     foemina
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   pratis
                   .
                   
                     Lotus
                     siliquosa
                     lutea
                     Monspeliesis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Chamaemelum
                     vulgare
                     amarum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   inter
                   segetes
                   .
                   
                     Chamaebalanus
                     leguminosa
                     sive
                     Terroe
                     glandes
                  
                   ;
                   in
                   vineis
                   &
                   seget
                   :
                   extra
                   portam
                   
                     S.
                     Gervasii
                     .
                     
                     Lathyrus
                     flore
                     vario
                     ex
                     coccineo
                     &
                     albo
                     ,
                  
                   inter
                   segetes
                   :
                   
                     Rosa
                     rubello
                     flore
                     simplici
                     non
                     spinosa
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   .
                   
                     Gramen
                     cyperoides
                     exiguum
                     seminibus
                     bullatis
                     ;
                     Melampyrum
                     multis
                     sive
                     Triticum
                     vaccinum
                     ,
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   inter
                   segetes
                   .
                   Melampyrum
                   cristatum
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                     Asphodelus
                     bulbosus
                     Dodonaei
                     ,
                     sive
                     Ornithogalum
                     spicatum
                     flo
                     .
                     virente
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   inter
                   segetes
                   .
                   
                     Orchis
                     magne
                     latis
                     foliis
                     ,
                     galeâ
                     fuscâ
                     vel
                     nigricante
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   latus
                   sylvosi
                   cujusdam
                   collis
                   propè
                   montem
                   
                     saleve
                     .
                     Thlaspi
                     umbellatum
                     arvense
                     amarum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   arvis
                   non
                   procul
                   à
                   Thuiri
                   copiosé
                   .
                   
                     Allium
                     umbelliferum
                     pratense
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Rapistrum
                     monospermon
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   fossarum
                   ,
                   
                     Campanula
                     rotundifolia
                     minima
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   glareosis
                   ad
                   fluv
                   .
                   
                     Arve
                     .
                     Rosasylvestris
                     rubella
                     parvo
                     frutice
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   &
                   dumetis
                   copiosissimè
                   .
                   ●
                   
                     Medica
                     major
                     erectior
                     floribus
                     purpurascentibus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   seritur
                   aliquibus
                   in
                   licis
                   ad
                   pabulum
                   jumentorum
                   .
                   Rubia
                   crecta
                   quadrifolia
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                     Melilotus
                     quinta
                     Tragi
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   i.
                   e.
                   Securidaca
                   flo
                   .
                   vario
                   siliquis
                   articulatis
                   :
                   
                     Blattaria
                     flo
                     .
                     albo
                     &
                     luteo
                     ,
                  
                   ad
                   vias
                   .
                   
                     Chamaedrys
                     spuria
                     augustifolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   dumetis
                   .
                   
                     Pilosella
                     minor
                     folio
                     angustiore
                     ,
                     minùs
                     piloso
                     ,
                     repens
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Hyacinthus
                     maximus
                     botryodes
                     ,
                     comâ
                     caeruleâ
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   inter
                   segetes
                   passim
                   .
                   Thlaspi
                   minus
                   ,
                   juxta
                   
                     S.
                     Gervasii
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   muris
                   .
                   
                     Sedum
                     parvum
                     folio
                     circina
                     to
                     ,
                     flore
                     albo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   muris
                   .
                   
                     Heliotropium
                     majus
                  
                   ,
                   Ad
                   ripas
                   fl
                   .
                   Arve
                   .
                   Stachys
                   Fuchsii
                   ;
                   ad
                   vias
                   .
                   
                     Cynoglossum
                     minus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   ruderatis
                   &
                   ad
                   vias
                   .
                   Cardiaca
                   ,
                   ibid.
                   Lathyrus
                   siliquâ
                   hirsutâ
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                  
                   inter
                   segetes
                   circa
                   
                     Champe
                     .
                     Atractylis
                  
                   ,
                   juxta
                   vias
                   propè
                   urbem
                   
                     Saxifragia
                     Venetorum
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   collibus
                   ad
                   
                     Arvam
                     fl
                     .
                     Anonis
                     lutea
                     non
                     spinosa
                     ,
                     Dalechampio
                     Natrix
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   juxta
                   fl
                   .
                   
                     Arve
                     .
                     Armeria
                     prolifera
                  
                   Ger.
                   Ad
                   v●as
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Orobus
                     sive
                     Ervum
                     multis
                  
                   ,
                   inter
                   segetes
                   non
                   longe
                   ab
                   oppido
                   
                     Jay
                     .
                     Latbyrus
                     anguloso
                     semine
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Hujus
                   duae
                   varietates
                   circa
                   Genevam
                   seruntur
                   ,
                   alia
                   flore
                   albo
                   ,
                   alia
                   flore
                   dilutè
                   caeruleo
                   &
                   striato
                   .
                   
                     Conyza
                     media
                     Monspeliensis
                     ,
                     quibusdam
                     Asteris
                     Atticigenus
                     folio
                     glabro
                     rigido
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Tragorohis
                     minor
                     flore
                     fuliginoso
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                   In
                   pascuis
                   quibusdam
                   trans
                   
                     Rhodanum
                     .
                     Sedum
                     echinatum
                     vel
                     steliatum
                     flore
                     albo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   muscosis
                   sepium
                   aggeribus
                   .
                   
                     Allium
                     spaerocepahalum
                     purpurascens
                     .
                     Bulbus
                  
                   ei
                   simplex
                   albus
                   velut
                   parvae
                   cepae
                   .
                   Folia
                   fistulosa
                   ,
                   glauca
                   tria
                   quatuórve
                   .
                   Caulis
                   dodrantalis
                   ,
                   in
                   cacumine
                   flores
                   gestans
                   in
                   orbiculare
                   ferè
                   capitulum
                   conglobatos
                   ,
                   è
                   membrana
                   ceo
                   purpurascente
                   involucro
                   ,
                   striato
                   ,
                   in
                   duas
                   carinas
                   dehiscente
                   erumpentes
                   .
                   Flosculi
                   singulares
                   brevibus
                   pediculis
                   nixi
                   ,
                   sex
                   foliolis
                   constant
                   longiusculis
                   ,
                   acuminatis
                   ,
                   pallidè
                   purpureis
                   ,
                   saturatiore
                   lineâ
                   purpureâ
                   per
                   medium
                   decurrente
                   ,
                   stamina
                   sex
                   brevia
                   cum
                   apiculis
                   purpureis
                   occultantes
                   .
                   Floret
                   initio
                   Julii
                   :
                   in
                   arenosis
                   ad
                   Rhodanum
                   fluv
                   .
                   
                     Gramen
                     cum
                     panicula
                     molli
                     rubente
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Besides
                   these
                   which
                   we
                   found
                   out
                   
                     J.
                     Bauhine
                  
                   observed
                   some
                   few
                   others
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   had
                   not
                   the
                   hap
                   to
                   meet
                   withal
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                     Carduus
                     pratensis
                     Tragi
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   monte
                   
                     Thuiri
                     :
                     Eryngium
                     Alpinum
                     latis
                     foliis
                     ,
                     magno
                     capite
                     oblongo
                     caeruleo
                     ,
                  
                   ibid.
                   
                     Ledum
                     Alpinum
                     minus
                     hirsutum
                  
                   ,
                   ibid.
                   
                     Galega
                     montana
                     Dalechampii
                  
                   ,
                   ibid.
                   
                     Lapathum
                     folio
                     acuto
                     Alpinum
                  
                   ibid.
                   
                
                 
                   From
                   Geneva
                   we
                   travelled
                   to
                   Lions
                   ,
                   
                   the
                   second
                   City
                   in
                   France
                   for
                   greatness
                   ,
                   handsome
                   building
                   ,
                   trade
                   ,
                   riches
                   ,
                   and
                   multitude
                   of
                   people
                   ;
                   If
                   any
                   ,
                   setting
                   aside
                   Paris
                   ,
                   may
                   compare
                   with
                   it
                   for
                   any
                   one
                   of
                   these
                   ,
                   for
                   altogether
                   I
                   am
                   sure
                   none
                   can
                   .
                   But
                   because
                   ;
                   we
                   were
                   hurried
                   out
                   of
                   France
                   by
                   the
                   Kings
                   Declaration
                   before
                   we
                   had
                   finished
                   one
                   third
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   intended
                   travels
                   there
                   :
                   and
                   because
                   this
                   Relation
                   is
                   already
                   swell'd
                   to
                   a
                   greater
                   volume
                   than
                   I
                   at
                   first
                   intended
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   only
                   set
                   down
                   the
                   names
                   of
                   the
                   chief
                   places
                   we
                   saw
                   ,
                   and
                   plants
                   we
                   found
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   France
                   ,
                   where
                   we
                   spent
                   our
                   time
                   till
                   we
                   returned
                   home
                   to
                   England
                   .
                   In
                   our
                   journey
                   from
                   Geneva
                   to
                   Lions
                   we
                   took
                   notice
                   only
                   of
                   two
                   plants
                   which
                   were
                   strangers
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   viz
                   
                     Valeriana
                     rubra
                     angustifolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   about
                   Nantua
                   a
                   considerable
                   town
                   in
                   Savoy
                   and
                   
                     Anchusa
                     
                     lutea
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   barren
                   fields
                   we
                   passed
                   through
                   about
                   a
                   days
                   journey
                   short
                   of
                   Lion.
                   
                
                 
                   From
                   Lions
                   we
                   travelled
                   to
                   Grenoble
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   thence
                   to
                   the
                   grand
                   Chartruse
                   .
                   By
                   the
                   way
                   thither
                   ,
                   but
                   ecpecially
                   upon
                   the
                   mountains
                   about
                   this
                   Cloyster
                   ,
                   we
                   found
                   a
                   great
                   many
                   plant
                   which
                   we
                   had
                   not
                   met
                   with
                   any
                   where
                   before
                   ,
                   to
                   wit
                   ,
                   
                     Linariae
                     aliquatenus
                     sumilis
                     folio
                     Bellidis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   some
                   fields
                   about
                   5
                   or
                   6
                   leagues
                   from
                   Lion
                   in
                   the
                   way
                   to
                   
                     Grenoble
                     :
                     Catanance
                     Dalechampii
                     folio
                     Cyani
                     ,
                     flore
                     Coronopi
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   On
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   the
                   mountains
                   about
                   half
                   a
                   league
                   above
                   Grenoble
                   in
                   the
                   way
                   to
                   the
                   grand
                   
                     Chartruse
                     .
                     Melampyro
                     affinis
                     Parietaria
                     caerulea
                     quorundam
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   in
                   sylvosis
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mountains
                   about
                   the
                   Cloyster
                   ,
                   
                     Sambucus
                     racemosa
                     ;
                     Circaea
                     minima
                  
                   Col.
                   
                     Helleborus
                     niger
                  
                   Lob.
                   Trachelium
                   majus
                   Belgarum
                   ;
                   Radix
                   Rhodia
                   ,
                   copiosissimè
                   
                     Gentianella
                     Alpina
                     verna
                     mogno
                     flore
                     ;
                     Pulsatilla
                     alba
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Solidago
                     Saracenica
                     ;
                     Periclymenum
                     rectum
                     fructu
                     nigro
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   
                     Xylosteum
                     Allobrogicum
                  
                   i.
                   e.
                   
                     Periclymenum
                     rectum
                     fructo
                     rubro
                  
                   Ger.
                   
                     Chamaemespilus
                     Gesneri
                     ;
                     Imperatoria
                     vulgaris
                     ;
                     Sonchus
                     caeruleus
                     latifolius
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Nerium
                     Alpinum
                     quibusdam
                     ,
                     aliis
                     Ledum
                     glabrum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Auricula
                     ursi
                     ;
                     Victorialis
                     longa
                     ;
                     Trifolium
                     Alpinum
                     argenteum
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   
                     Helleborus
                     niger
                     Caniculae
                     folio
                     minor
                  
                   .
                   Park
                   .
                   Pedicularis
                   sive
                   Crista
                   galli
                   montana
                   ;
                   Radix
                   ei
                   simplex
                   ,
                   alba
                   ,
                   paucis
                   fibris
                   donata
                   ,
                   magnitudine
                   &
                   figurâ
                   radicis
                   Tragopogi
                   ,
                   nisi
                   quòd
                   longior
                   sit
                   ,
                   sapore
                   non
                   ingrato
                   nucis
                   Avellanae
                   paulò
                   amariore
                   .
                   Folia
                   ad
                   radicem
                   pauca
                   [
                   unum
                   aut
                   duo
                   ]
                   alata
                   ,
                   ex
                   pluribus
                   pinnarum
                   conjugationibus
                   Filicis
                   ferè
                   in
                   modum
                   composita
                   ,
                   inferiùs
                   hirsuta
                   ,
                   in
                   actum
                   desinentia
                   ,
                   pallidè
                   viridia
                   .
                   Singulae
                   pinnae
                   ad
                   margines
                   serratae
                   Cristae
                   galli
                   vulgaris
                   folia
                   benè
                   imitantur
                   .
                   Caulis
                   ab
                   eadem
                   radice
                   singularis
                   ,
                   dodrantalis
                   aut
                   pedalis
                   ,
                   rotundus
                   ,
                   firmus
                   ,
                   nonnihil
                   hirsutus
                   ,
                   intus
                   concavus
                   ,
                   in
                   summitate
                   gestans
                   spicam
                   palmarem
                   florum
                   densè
                   stipatorum
                   ,
                   pallidè
                   luteorum
                   ,
                   
                     Cristae
                     
                     galli
                  
                   similium
                   ,
                   nisi
                   quòd
                   vix
                   sese
                   aperiant
                   ,
                   è
                   calice
                   ventricoso
                   pentagono
                   emergentium
                   ,
                   pediculis
                   nullis
                   .
                   In
                   calice
                   latet
                   vasculum
                   seminale
                   turbinatum
                   seminibus
                   minutis
                   rotundis
                   repletum
                   .
                   Unum
                   habet
                   haec
                   planta
                   in
                   caule
                   folium
                   infra
                   Spicam
                   :
                   in
                   ipsa
                   Spica
                   ad
                   singulos
                   flores
                   singula
                   folia
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Horminum
                     seu
                     Pseudo-stachys
                     quaedam
                     Alpina
                     .
                     Radice
                  
                   nititur
                   obliquè
                   actâ
                   ,
                   multis
                   fibris
                   praeditâ
                   .
                   Folia
                   longis
                   pediculis
                   hirsutis
                   insident
                   hirsuta
                   &
                   ipsa
                   ,
                   rugosa
                   ,
                   urticae
                   similia
                   ,
                   circa
                   margines
                   serrata
                   vel
                   dentata
                   denticulis
                   majoribus
                   .
                   Caules
                   pedales
                   hirsuti
                   ,
                   medullâ
                   farcti
                   ,
                   striati
                   &
                   quodammodo
                   quadrati
                   ,
                   plerunque
                   duobus
                   ,
                   interdum
                   uno
                   duntaxat
                   foliorum
                   pari
                   vestiti
                   :
                   Folia
                   quae
                   in
                   caule
                   iis
                   quae
                   ad
                   radicem
                   similia
                   ,
                   sed
                   minora
                   ,
                   &
                   brevioribus
                   pediculis
                   (
                   ut
                   in
                   hoc
                   genus
                   plantis
                   solenne
                   est
                   )
                   fulta
                   .
                   In
                   summitate
                   caulium
                   spicae
                   breves
                   compactae
                   ,
                   Betonicae
                   aemulae
                   .
                   Flosculi
                   galeati
                   ,
                   lutei
                   ,
                   è
                   calicibus
                   in
                   5
                   molliores
                   spinulas
                   terminatis
                   exeunt
                   .
                   Julii
                   17
                   jam
                   penè
                   defloruerat
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Asteri
                     montano
                     purpureo
                     similis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Radix
                   ei
                   satis
                   crassa
                   ,
                   obliqua
                   ,
                   intus
                   nonnihil
                   lutea
                   ,
                   sapore
                   acriusculo
                   ,
                   fibris
                   aliquot
                   donata
                   .
                   Folia
                   ad
                   radicem
                   plura
                   ,
                   longa
                   ,
                   angusta
                   ,
                   figurâ
                   ferè
                   Polemonii
                   petraei
                   Gesneri
                   ,
                   saturo
                   virore
                   splendentia
                   ,
                   ad
                   latera
                   nonnihil
                   pilosa
                   ,
                   neque
                   dentata
                   neque
                   serrata
                   .
                   Caules
                   semipedales
                   aut
                   dodrantales
                   ,
                   surrecti
                   ,
                   foliis
                   vestiti
                   alternatim
                   positis
                   ,
                   iis
                   quae
                   ad
                   radicem
                   similibus
                   ,
                   ramosi
                   ,
                   singulis
                   ramulis
                   florem
                   sustinentibus
                   Bellidis
                   minoris
                   ,
                   nisi
                   quòd
                   limbus
                   seu
                   corona
                   foliorum
                   radiatorum
                   in
                   margine
                   minoribus
                   brevioribúsque
                   foliolis
                   constet
                   colore
                   purpurascente
                   praeditis
                   ,
                   interiores
                   aflosculi
                   qui
                   fundum
                   floris
                   componunt
                   inter
                   viridem
                   quasi
                   &
                   luteum
                   colorem
                   ambigunt
                   .
                   In
                   ascensu
                   montium
                   Julii
                   17
                   florentem
                   inveni
                   ,
                   &
                   
                     Bellidem
                     Alpinam
                     ramosam
                     flore
                     purpurascente
                  
                   denominavi
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Ptarmica
                     folio
                     alato
                  
                   .
                   Radix
                   ei
                   alba
                   ,
                   obliqua
                   ,
                   repens
                   ,
                   fibris
                   longis
                   cr●bris
                   firmata
                   .
                   Caules
                   erigit
                   cubitales
                   ,
                   
                   rotundos
                   ,
                   inanes
                   ,
                   brevi
                   &
                   vix
                   perceptibili
                   lanugine
                   praeditos
                   ,
                   foliis
                   crebris
                   alternatim
                   positis
                   vestitos
                   .
                   Folia
                   alata
                   4
                   aut
                   5
                   pinuarum
                   coniugationibus
                   constant
                   ;
                   singulae
                   pinnae
                   circa
                   margines
                   dentatae
                   ,
                   &
                   subinde
                   etiam
                   altius
                   incisae
                   .
                   Flores
                   in
                   summitate
                   caulis
                   velut
                   in
                   umbella
                   ,
                   albi
                   &
                   Ptarmicae
                   vulgaris
                   vel
                   potiùs
                   Absinthii
                   albi
                   umbelliferi
                   floribus
                   omnino
                   similes
                   .
                   Nullus
                   in
                   hac
                   planta
                   vel
                   odor
                   vel
                   sapor
                   insignis
                   :
                   initio
                   gustanti
                   subamara
                   videtur
                   .
                   In
                   sylvis
                   montosis
                   Junio
                   floret
                   
                     Bellis
                     caerulea
                     coul●
                     nudo
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   Haec
                   à
                   Globularia
                   vulgari
                   Monspel
                   ▪
                   omnino
                   specie
                   diversa
                   est
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Pentaphyllum
                     argenteum
                     Alpinum
                     flore
                     albo
                  
                   Radicem
                   non
                   observavi
                   .
                   Folia
                   quinquepartita
                   reliquorum
                   hujus
                   generis
                   more
                   ,
                   exigua
                   ,
                   lanugine
                   molli
                   argenteau
                   utrinque
                   canentia
                   ,
                   in
                   extremitatibus
                   duntaxat
                   crenata
                   .
                   Caules
                   ex
                   eadem
                   radice
                   plures
                   ,
                   pariter
                   villosi
                   ,
                   infirmi
                   ,
                   foliis
                   duobus
                   tribúsve
                   triparti●ò
                   ut
                   plurimùm
                   divisis
                   vestiti
                   ;
                   quae
                   appendicibus
                   duabus
                   caulem
                   amplectuntur
                   ,
                   flores
                   in
                   summitate
                   sustinentes
                   duos
                   vel
                   tres
                   pentapetalos
                   ,
                   albos
                   ,
                   cum
                   numerosis
                   intus
                   staminulis
                   purpureis
                   apicibus
                   ornatis
                   .
                   Vice
                   styli
                   congeries
                   &
                   velut
                   fasciculus
                   quidam
                   filamentorum
                   .
                   Calyx
                   (
                   ut
                   in
                   reliquis
                   hujus
                   generis
                   )
                   10
                   foliolis
                   hirsutis
                   constat
                   ,
                   quinque
                   nimirum
                   latioribus
                   ,
                   quinque
                   angustioribus
                   alternatim
                   positis
                   :
                   Est
                   hoc
                   Pentaphyllum
                   foliis
                   infernè
                   ,
                   &
                   supernè
                   incanis
                   
                     J.
                     B.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Muscus
                     Alpinus
                     flore
                     insigni
                     dilutè
                     rubente
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Haec
                   planta
                   rectiùs
                   meo
                   judicio
                   Caryophyllus
                   aut
                   Lyolnis
                   inscriberetur
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Cerinthe
                     quorundam
                     major
                     ,
                     versicolore
                     floro
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Perennis
                   esse
                   videtur
                   haec
                   planta
                   ;
                   foliis
                   est
                   maculosis
                   ,
                   floribus
                   purpurascentibus
                   pentagonis
                   ;
                   seminibus
                   reliquis
                   sui
                   generis
                   minoribus
                   ,
                   cùm
                   planta
                   ipsa
                   omnium
                   maxima
                   sit
                   .
                
                 
                   Alsine
                   minima
                   Alpina
                   fl●re
                   albo
                   majore
                   .
                
                 
                   Hypericum
                   nummulariae
                   folio
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   
                     Planta
                     quaedam
                     umbellifera
                     Pimpinellae
                     simillae
                  
                   ,
                   quam
                   describere
                   nescio
                   quomodo
                   omisi
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   Grenoble
                   we
                   travelled
                   to
                   Orange
                   ,
                   
                   in
                   which
                   journey
                   we
                   observed
                   
                     Echinopus
                     minor
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   which
                   grows
                   plentifully
                   all
                   over
                   
                     Gallia
                     Narbonensis
                     ,
                     Jac●a
                     cum
                     spinosis
                     capitulis
                     purpurea
                     tennifolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   which
                   is
                   as
                   common
                   ;
                   
                     Thymum
                     vulgare
                     rigidius
                     folio
                     cinereo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   This
                   also
                   is
                   found
                   every
                   where
                   in
                   the
                   stony
                   grounds
                   in
                   this
                   Countrey
                   ;
                   
                     Pulegium
                     cervinum
                  
                   by
                   the
                   Rhosne
                   side
                   at
                   
                     Pont
                     S.
                  
                   Esprit
                   ;
                   Lavendula
                   major
                   five
                   vulgaris
                   Park
                   .
                   As
                   common
                   every
                   where
                   as
                   Thyme
                   ;
                   
                     Dentellaria
                     Rondeletii
                     ;
                     Acanthium
                     Illyricum
                     ;
                     Chondrilla
                     viseosa
                     ●aule
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   Col.
                   
                     Echii
                     sive
                     Anchusae
                  
                   quaedam
                   species
                   
                     flore
                     carneo
                  
                   ,
                   An
                   Lycopsis
                   ?
                
                 
                   From
                   Orange
                   we
                   proceeded
                   to
                   Avignon
                   ,
                   
                   whereabout
                   we
                   observed
                   whole
                   fields
                   sown
                   with
                   
                     Foenum
                     Burgundiacum
                  
                   :
                   and
                   besides
                   what
                   we
                   found
                   about
                   
                     Orange
                     ,
                     Paliurus
                     ;
                     Cistus
                     Ledon
                     Monspeliensium
                     ;
                     Cistus
                     faemina
                     folio
                     Salviae
                     ;
                     Malus
                     granata
                  
                   ;
                   quae
                   per
                   totam
                   Galliam
                   Narbonensem
                   frequentissima
                   est
                   .
                   
                     Catanance
                     Dalechampii
                     flore
                     cyani
                     folio
                     Coronopi
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   per
                   Galliam
                   Narbonensem
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Helianthemum
                     tenuifolium
                     glabrum
                     flore
                     luteo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Helianthemum
                     flore
                     albo
                     ,
                     folio
                     angusto
                     hirsuto
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Faeniculum
                     tortu●sum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Millefolium
                     odoratum
                     ;
                     Millefolium
                     tomontosum
                     luteum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   quod
                   non
                   adeò
                   vulgare
                   circa
                   Monspelium
                   ;
                   
                     Staechas
                     citrina
                     tenuifolia
                     Narbonensis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Capparis
                     ;
                     Ile●
                     coccifera
                     ;
                     Genista
                     Hispanica
                     ,
                     Botrys
                     ;
                     Cucumis
                     sininus
                     ;
                     Aspalathus
                     2.
                     
                     Monspeliensit
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   and
                   many
                   others
                   which
                   grow
                   also
                   about
                   Montpellier
                   .
                
                 
                   Our
                   next
                   Stage
                   was
                   Nismes
                   ,
                   
                   where
                   besides
                   those
                   mentioned
                   about
                   Avignon
                   ,
                   most
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   also
                   found
                   heer
                   ,
                   we
                   noted
                   
                     Thlaspi
                     biscutatum
                     asperum
                     hie
                     .
                     racifolium
                     &
                     majus
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Psyllium
                     semper
                     virens
                     ,
                     Camphorata
                     Monspeliensium
                     ,
                     Trifolium
                     bituminosum
                     ;
                     Ruta
                     sylvestris
                     ,
                     Peganium
                     Narbonensium
                     ;
                     Tithymalus
                     serratus
                     ;
                     Lotus
                     arbor
                     ;
                     Convolvulus
                     spicaefolius
                     ,
                     Plum●ag●
                     
                     bago
                     Plinii
                     ;
                     Scabiosa
                     montana
                     colidarum
                     regionum
                  
                   Lob
                   
                     Tithymalus
                     characius
                     Amygdaloides
                  
                   ,
                   Papaver
                   corniculatum
                   luteum
                   ;
                   
                     Clem●tis
                     sive
                     Flammula
                     repens
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Phyteuma
                     Monspeliensium
                     ;
                     Siderius
                     veritcillis
                     spinosis
                     ;
                     Alkekengi
                     ;
                     Clematis
                     daphnoides
                     major
                     ;
                     Lepidium
                     vulgare
                     Chondrilla
                     viscosa
                     caule
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     ,
                  
                   Col.
                   Et
                   quod
                   nusqum
                   alibi
                   hactenus
                   invenerim
                   ,
                   
                     Abrotanum
                     faemina
                     folis
                     Ericae
                  
                   sive
                   
                     Vnguentaria
                     Lutetianorum
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   Nismes
                   we
                   traveled
                   to
                   Montpellier
                   ,
                   
                   where
                   we
                   abode
                   all
                   the
                   Autumn
                   and
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   during
                   which
                   time
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   season
                   of
                   the
                   year
                   for
                   simpling
                   was
                   past
                   ,
                   we
                   observed
                   the
                   following
                   plants
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Absinthium
                     Seriphium
                     Narbonense
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   Ad
                   mare
                   .
                   
                     Acarna
                     flore
                     purpura
                     rubente
                     patulo
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   .
                   
                     Acarna
                     major
                     caule
                     folioso
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   In
                   arvis
                   non
                   procul
                   à
                   Miravalle
                   :
                   Juxta
                   vias
                   eundo
                   a
                   Monspelio
                   ad
                   Pedenatium
                   .
                   Alsine
                   oblongo
                   folio
                   serrato
                   ,
                   flore
                   caeruleo
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   muris
                   .
                   
                     Althaea
                     frutescens
                     fo●●o
                  
                   rotundiore
                   incano
                   C.
                   B.
                   In
                   scopulis
                   non
                   longe
                   à
                   specu
                   
                     Frontignano
                     .
                     Alypum
                     montis
                     Ceti
                     ,
                     &c.
                  
                   Lob
                   ,
                   In
                   Promontorlo
                   Ce●i
                   ,
                   vidimus
                   etiam
                   in
                   montibus
                   propè
                   oppidum
                   S.
                   Chamas
                   in
                   Galloprovincia
                   .
                   
                     Anchusa
                     angustifolia
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   juxta
                   Castelneuf
                   &
                   
                     aux
                     Garigues
                     .
                     Anchusa
                     Monspeliaca
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   colle
                   arenoso
                   non
                   longe
                   à
                   Castelneuf
                   versùs
                   Grammontium
                   lucum
                   .
                   Androsace
                   Matth.
                   in
                   f●ndo
                   stagni
                   Volcarum
                   Estang
                   dicto
                   copiosissime
                   .
                   
                     Aristolochia
                     Pistolochia
                     dicta
                  
                   ;
                   in
                   arvis
                   quibusdam
                   
                     aux
                     Garigues
                  
                   copiosè
                   .
                   
                     Anonis
                     pusilla
                     fruticans
                     Cherleri
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   siccioribus
                   .
                   
                     Aphyllantes
                     Monspeliensibus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   propè
                   Castelneuf
                   aliisque
                   oppido
                   vicinis
                   .
                   
                     Aristolochia
                     Scracenica
                  
                   Ger.
                   in
                   vineis
                   ,
                   foliis
                   &
                   aggeribus
                   frequens
                   .
                   
                     Aspalathus
                     2
                     Monspelienfis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   petrosis
                   abunde
                   .
                   
                     Aster
                     conyzoides
                     odoratus
                     luteus
                  
                   hort
                   .
                   Eyst
                   .
                   Ad
                   viarum
                   aggeres
                   veriis
                   in
                   rocis
                   .
                   
                     Bellis
                     caerulea
                     Monspeliaca
                     .
                     Bupleurum
                     folio
                     rigido
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   In
                   sylva
                   Grammontia
                   &
                   sylva
                   prope
                   
                     Selneuf
                     .
                     Bupleurum
                     
                     angustifolium
                  
                   ;
                   in
                   locis
                   saxosis
                   non
                   longe
                   à
                   
                     Boutonet
                     .
                     Caltha
                     simplici
                     flore
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   agris
                   frequens
                   .
                   
                     Carduus
                     bulbosus
                     Manspeliensis
                     ,
                     sive
                     Acanthus
                     sylvestris
                     quibusdam
                     foliis
                     laciniatis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   In
                   pratis
                   circa
                   Monspelium
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Carduus
                     chrysanthemus
                     Hispanicus
                  
                   Clus
                   .
                   Viâ
                   inter
                   S.
                   Lupian
                   &
                   Pedenatium
                   ,
                   &
                   alibi
                   propè
                   urbem
                   .
                   
                     Carduus
                     lanceolatus
                     ferocior
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Propè
                   montem
                   
                     Lupi
                     .
                     Card●us
                     solstitialis
                  
                   ,
                   ubique
                   fere
                   .
                   Chamelaea
                   tricoccos
                   ;
                   
                     Chamaepitys
                     sive
                     Iva
                     moschata
                     Monspelionsium
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   saxosis
                   .
                   
                     Chondrilla
                     lutea
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   ipsius
                   urbis
                   .
                   
                     Cistus
                     mas
                     4
                     folio
                     oblongo
                     albido
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Cistus
                     Ledon
                     Monspeliensium
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Cistus
                     faemina
                  
                   Ger.
                   Omnes
                   hae
                   species
                   in
                   collibus
                   &
                   sylvis
                   frequentes
                   .
                   
                     Clematis
                     sive
                     Flammula
                     repens
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   saxosis
                   collibus
                   &
                   arvis
                   arenosis
                   
                     Convolvulus
                     spicifolius
                  
                   Park
                   .
                   
                     Conyza
                     maritime
                     caerulea
                  
                   an
                   
                     Jacobaea
                     quaedam
                  
                   ?
                   Circa
                   
                     Peroul
                     .
                     Coris
                     caerulaea
                     maritima
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   arenosis
                   ad
                   mare
                   praesertim
                   .
                   
                     Cyanus
                     pulchro
                     semine
                     Centaurii
                     majoris
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   i.
                   e.
                   Crupina
                   Belgarum
                   Lob.
                   in
                   collibus
                   prope
                   flu
                   .
                   Ladum
                   juxta
                   
                     Castelneuf
                     .
                     Cyperus
                     paniculâ
                     sparsa
                     speciosâ
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   pratis
                   propè
                   Boutonetum
                   &
                   
                     Castrum
                     novum
                     .
                     Dory●nium
                     Monspeliense
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   sepium
                   frequens
                   .
                   
                     Echinopus
                     minor
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   i.
                   e.
                   Carduus
                   caeruleus
                   sphaerocephalus
                   minor
                   
                     C.
                     B.
                  
                   in
                   collibus
                   &
                   ad
                   vias
                   passun
                   .
                   
                     Erica
                     arborescens
                     Monspeliensis
                     ,
                     flore
                     purpurascente
                     ,
                     ramulis
                     ternis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   luco
                   
                     Grammontio
                     .
                     Erica
                     arborescens
                     floribus
                     luteolis
                     vel
                     herbaceis
                     minimis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   ibid.
                   Ferula
                   Lob.
                   
                     Foeniculum
                     tortuosum
                  
                   .
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Geranium
                     folio
                     Althaeae
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   juxta
                   munitiones
                   arcis
                   ,
                   non
                   procul
                   à
                   nivis
                   reconditorio
                   .
                   
                     Geranium
                     cicutae
                     folio
                     ,
                     acu
                     longissimâ
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   agrorum
                   margines
                   &
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   .
                   
                     Gingidium
                     umbellâ
                     ,
                     longâ
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   prato
                   quodam
                   juxta
                   viam
                   quae
                   Frontignanam
                   ducit
                   copiose
                   .
                   
                     Gnaphalium
                     ad
                     Stoechadem
                     citrinam
                     accedens
                  
                   ,
                   juxta
                   fluv
                   .
                   
                     Ladum
                     .
                     Gramen
                     minimum
                     Dalechampii
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   vineis
                   ,
                   vere
                   primo
                   floret
                   .
                   
                     Gramen
                     parvum
                     pulchrum
                     paniculâ
                     compressà
                     nigricante
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   aquosis
                   .
                   
                     Hedypnois
                     Monspessulana
                     sive
                     Dens
                     
                     leonis
                     Monspessulanus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   terrenis
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Helianthemum
                     tenuifolium
                     glabrum
                     flore
                     luteo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   aridioribus
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Helianthemum
                     flore
                     albo
                     folio
                     angusto
                     hirsuto
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   
                     Castro
                     novo
                  
                   vicinis
                   &
                   alibi
                   .
                   
                     Herba
                     Doria
                  
                   Lob.
                   Ad
                   Ladum
                   amnem
                   copiose
                   .
                   
                     Herniaria
                     glabra
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   prato
                   quodam
                   juxta
                   lucum
                   Grammont
                   .
                   Hieracium
                   parvum
                   hirtum
                   caule
                   aphyllo
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   arenosis
                   collibus
                   propè
                   
                     Sellam
                     novam
                  
                   &
                   alibi
                   passim
                   .
                   Holosteum
                   Plantagini
                   simile
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   aggere
                   quodam
                   inter
                   urbem
                   &
                   Ladum
                   amnem
                   .
                   
                     Hypericum
                     tomentosum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   humidioribus
                   circa
                   Selneuf
                   &
                   alibi
                   .
                   
                     Ilex
                     coc●ifera
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   collibus
                   saxosis
                   .
                   
                     Jacea
                     cum
                     spinosis
                     capitulis
                     pururea
                     tenuifolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Jocea
                     montana
                     capite
                     magno
                     Strobili
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   juxta
                   
                     Costelneuf
                     ,
                     Selneuf
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   
                     Jacea
                     luitea
                     capite
                     spinoso
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   satis
                   frequens
                   in
                   pascuis
                   &
                   collibus
                   .
                   
                     Kali
                     majus
                     semine
                     cochleato
                  
                   Ger.
                   In
                   litoribus
                   maris
                   &
                   salsis
                   palustribus
                   .
                   
                     Lathyrus
                     major
                     Narbonensis
                     angustif●lius
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   quos
                   Garigues
                   vocant
                   .
                   
                     Leuc●●um
                     maritimum
                     angustifolium
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   lingua
                   illa
                   inter
                   stagnum
                   Volcarum
                   Estang
                   dictum
                   &
                   mare
                   ,
                   
                     Linum
                     marinu●
                     luteum
                  
                   Ad.
                   in
                   pratis
                   circa
                   
                     Sellam
                     novam
                     ,
                     Castrum
                     novum
                  
                   ,
                   itemque
                   ad
                   mare
                   .
                   
                     Linaria
                     luteo
                     parva
                     annua
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   summitate
                   montis
                   Lupi
                   .
                   
                     Lotus
                     siliquosa
                     lutea
                     Mouspeliensis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   &
                   pascuis
                   .
                   
                     Marrubium
                     nigrum
                     longifolium
                  
                   i.
                   e.
                   
                     Herba
                     venti
                  
                   Monspliensium
                   ,
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   &
                   ad
                   vias
                   .
                   
                     Moly
                     moschatum
                     capillaceo
                     folin
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   propè
                   sylvam
                   non
                   longè
                   à
                   Selneuf
                   ,
                   &
                   in
                   collibus
                   quos
                   Garigues
                   vocant
                   .
                   
                     Orobus
                     receptus
                     berbariorum
                  
                   Lob.
                   in
                   agris
                   passim
                   
                     Peucedanum
                     vulgare
                  
                   ,
                   propè
                   sylvam
                   
                     Grammontium
                     .
                     Phyllon
                     arrhonogonon
                     &
                     thelygonon
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   fossarum
                   &
                   praecipue
                   secus
                   fluvios
                   .
                   Phyteuma
                   ,
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Polemonium
                     sive
                     Trifolum
                     fruticans
                  
                   Ger.
                   in
                   sepibus
                   vulgatiss
                   .
                   
                     Prunella
                     angustifolia
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Pulegium
                     cervinum
                     angustifolium
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   locis
                   ubi
                   per
                   hyemem
                   aquae
                   stagnârant
                   .
                   Polygoni
                   quaedam
                   
                     species
                     erecta
                  
                   ,
                   an
                   Arenaria
                   J.
                   B.
                   ?
                   Ad
                   agrorum
                   margines
                   .
                   
                     Rhus
                     folio
                     Vlmi
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   propè
                   
                   Castelneuf
                   copiosè
                   .
                   
                     Rhus
                     myrtifolia
                     Monspeliaca
                  
                   .
                   Ad
                   sepes
                   ,
                   praecipuè
                   verò
                   ad
                   ripas
                   Ladi
                   amnis
                   .
                   
                     Rubia
                     maritima
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   lingua
                   illa
                   inter
                   Estang
                   &
                   mare
                   .
                   
                     Scammonea
                     Monspeliaca
                     foliis
                     rotundioribus
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   mare
                   propè
                   
                     Peraux
                     ,
                     villam
                     novam
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   
                     Scorpioides
                     siliqua
                     campoide
                     hispida
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   aggeribus
                   munitionum
                   .
                   
                     Securidacae
                     genus
                     triphyllon
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   propè
                   
                     Castelne●f
                     .
                     Sideritis
                     Monspessulana
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Propè
                   patihulum
                   ,
                   
                     aux
                     Garigues
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                     Sideritidis
                     genus
                     verticillis
                     spinosil
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   agris
                   copiosè
                   .
                   
                     Sinapi
                     echinatum
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   inter
                   segetes
                   .
                   
                     Smilax
                     aspera
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   sepes
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Sonchus
                     lanatus
                     Dalechampii
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   
                     Sonchis
                     affinis
                     Terracrepola
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   pascuis
                   .
                   
                     Stoechas
                     Arabica
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   Grammontia
                   sylva
                   copiose
                   &
                   in
                   sylva
                   propè
                   
                     Selneuf
                     .
                     Stoechas
                     ●●●rina
                     tenuifolia
                     Narbonensis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Stoechadi
                     citrinae
                     affinis
                     capitulis
                     parvis
                     raris
                     squamosis
                     ,
                     in
                     pappos
                     evanescentibus
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   fissuris
                   rupium
                   juxta
                   Castelneuf
                   &
                   alibi
                   .
                   
                     Tamarix
                     major
                     sive
                     arborea
                     Narbonensis
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ad
                   mare
                   copiosè
                   .
                   
                     Telephium
                     scorpioides
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   circa
                   
                     Castelneuf
                     .
                     Thlaspi
                     clypeatum
                     serpylli
                     folio
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   
                     Thlaspi
                     fruticosum
                     spinosum
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   rupibus
                   in
                   summa
                   parte
                   montis
                   
                     Lupi
                     .
                     Thlaspi
                     umbellatum
                     tenuiter
                     diviso
                     folio
                     amarum
                     Narbonense
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   arvis
                   prope
                   patibulum
                   &
                   alibi
                   .
                   
                     Thymum
                     vulgare
                     rigidius
                     folio
                     cinereo
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   aridioribus
                   passim
                   .
                   Tragos
                   sive
                   
                     Vva
                     marina
                     minor
                  
                   ,
                   ad
                   mare
                   copiosè
                   .
                   
                     Tribulus
                     terrestis
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   agris
                   passim
                   .
                   
                     Trifolium
                     argentatum
                     floribus
                     luteh
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   propè
                   Castelneuf
                   &
                   alibi
                   in
                   agro
                   
                     Monspeliaco
                     .
                     Trifolium
                     haemorrhoidale
                  
                   seu
                   
                     Lotus
                     Libyea
                     Dalechampii
                  
                   ,
                   ad
                   ripas
                   Ladi
                   amnis
                   .
                   
                     Trifolium
                     stellatam
                     purpureum
                  
                   ,
                   circa
                   patibulum
                   &
                   alibi
                   .
                   
                     Valeriana
                     rubra
                     angustifolia
                  
                   C.
                   B.
                   in
                   rupibus
                   montis
                   
                     Lupi
                     .
                     Verbascum
                     sylaestre
                     Monspeliense
                     flore
                     luteo
                     hiante
                  
                   J.
                   B.
                   in
                   collibus
                   saxosis
                   .
                   
                     Vinca
                     pervinca
                     major
                  
                   .
                   Ad
                   sepes
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               OF
               MONTPELLIER
               .
            
             
               MOntpellier
               is
               a
               round
               Town
               ,
               standing
               upon
               a
               hill
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               a
               stony
               Countrey
               ;
               somewhat
               bigger
               than
               Geneva
               but
               not
               so
               populous
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Inhabitants
               at
               present
               being
               about
               25000
               ,
               of
               which
               two
               third
               parts
               are
               Papists
               and
               one
               Protestants
               .
               The
               Protestants
               have
               2
               Churches
               (
               Temples
               they
               call
               them
               )
               in
               Town
               .
               The
               streets
               of
               this
               City
               are
               very
               narrow
               ,
               short
               and
               crooked
               ,
               without
               any
               uniformity
               or
               beauty
               at
               all
               ,
               so
               intricate
               that
               its
               half
               a
               years
               work
               to
               understand
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               learn
               the
               way
               from
               place
               to
               place
               .
               The
               houses
               are
               many
               of
               them
               well
               built
               of
               free
               stone
               ,
               which
               were
               they
               set
               well
               together
               in
               order
               would
               make
               3
               or
               4
               handsome
               streets
               .
               No
               large
               Piazza
               or
               market-place
               in
               Town
               .
               The
               number
               of
               Apothecaries
               in
               this
               little
               City
               is
               scarce
               credible
               ,
               there
               being
               130
               shops
               ,
               and
               yet
               all
               find
               something
               to
               do
               :
               Their
               
                 Cypres
                 powder
                 ,
                 sweet
                 bags
                 ,
                 Cassolets
                 ,
                 Treacle
                 ,
                 Confectio
                 .
                 Alkermes
                 &
                 Hyacinthi
              
               having
               a
               name
               all
               France
               over
               .
               The
               Queen
               of
               Hungaries
               water
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               made
               heer
               is
               likewise
               much
               bought
               up
               .
               It
               is
               nothing
               but
               common
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               in
               which
               Rosemary
               flowers
               have
               been
               macerated
               ,
               distilled
               from
               the
               said
               flowers
               .
               The
               wines
               heerabout
               are
               very
               strong
               and
               bear
               water
               well
               .
               Their
               vineyards
               are
               of
               dwarf
               vines
               without
               any
               support
               ,
               the
               standards
               when
               the
               branches
               are
               prun'd
               off
               being
               like
               the
               standards
               of
               our
               Osier-gardens
               .
            
             
               At
               Montpellier
               the
               best
               Verdet
               or
               Verd●greece
               (
               
                 Viride
                 aeris
              
               )
               is
               made
               .
               
               They
               told
               us
               that
               so
               good
               could
               not
               be
               made
               elsewhere
               though
               they
               used
               the
               same
               
               method
               and
               the
               same
               materials
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               the
               just
               temper
               of
               heat
               ,
               or
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               wine
               they
               use
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               unknown
               quality
               .
               The
               manner
               thus
               ,
            
             
               ●irst
               they
               take
               Grape-stalks
               :
               well
               cleansed
               from
               the
               raisins
               and
               from
               all
               filth
               ,
               and
               putting
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               a
               pot
               a
               quantity
               of
               the
               best
               red
               wine
               ,
               they
               set
               sticks
               cross
               a
               little
               above
               the
               wine
               ,
               and
               upon
               them
               lay
               a
               quantity
               of
               Grape-stalks
               first
               also
               drenched
               in
               wine
               ,
               and
               let
               them
               a
               lone
               about
               15
               days
               more
               or
               less
               according
               to
               the
               season
               ,
               till
               they
               come
               to
               make
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               a
               rose
               ,
               that
               is
               the
               out-lides
               become
               to
               appearance
               dry
               ,
               and
               the
               middle
               only
               wet
               .
               These
               grape
               stalks
               being
               thus
               prepared
               ,
               they
               put
               in
               the
               bottom
               of
               a
               large
               earthen
               pot
               of
               the
               best
               red
               wine
               that
               begins
               to
               be
               sower
               ,
               but
               is
               not
               yet
               come
               to
               be
               vinegar
               ,
               to
               the
               quantity
               of
               about
               two
               or
               three
               inches
               depth
               ,
               somewhat
               above
               the
               wine
               they
               set
               sticks
               cross
               the
               pot
               ,
               and
               having
               reatly
               many
               little
               plates
               of
               Copper
               ,
               they
               lay
               upon
               the
               dross
               sticks
               first
               a
               layer
               of
               the
               prepared
               Grape-stalks
               ,
               then
               a
               layer
               of
               copper
               plates
               ,
               and
               so
               alternately
               S
               S
               S
               till
               the
               pot
               be
               full
               .
               In
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               pot
               they
               usually
               leave
               a
               hole
               all
               along
               for
               the
               vapour
               of
               the
               wine
               to
               ascend
               ;
               neither
               are
               the
               copper
               plates
               laid
               near
               together
               for
               the
               same
               reason
               .
               When
               they
               have
               filled
               up
               the
               pot
               they
               cover
               it
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               in
               a
               cellar
               ,
               and
               after
               some
               5
               or
               6
               days
               turn
               the
               copper
               plates
               ,
               letting
               the
               pot
               remain
               in
               the
               cellar
               3
               or
               4
               days
               more
               .
               In
               8
               or
               10
               days
               according
               to
               the
               season
               the
               Verdet
               will
               be
               come
               .
               Then
               they
               take
               out
               the
               plates
               and
               laying
               them
               6
               or
               7
               on
               a
               heap
               put
               them
               in
               a
               trough
               and
               sprinkle
               the
               edges
               of
               them
               with
               the
               same
               wine
               for
               3
               or
               4
               days
               ;
               next
               they
               press
               them
               with
               heavy
               weights
               for
               4
               or
               5
               days
               ,
               and
               last
               of
               all
               scrape
               off
               the
               Verdet
               with
               knives
               ,
               and
               moulding
               it
               with
               a
               little
               wine
               ,
               dry
               it
               and
               sell
               it
               .
               The
               same
               plates
               are
               again
               put
               into
               pots
               and
               used
               as
               before
               .
               So
               then
               the
               Verdet
               is
               nothing
               but
               the
               rust
               or
               
               s●urf
               of
               the
               copper
               calcined
               by
               the
               vapour
               of
               the
               wine
               .
            
             
               Heer
               also
               we
               saw
               the
               manner
               and
               process
               of
               blanching
               of
               Bees
               wax
               .
               
            
             
             
               Round
               about
               they
               set
               pots
               with
               water
               ,
               wherewith
               they
               sprinkle
               the
               wax
               often
               to
               keep
               it
               from
               melting
               .
               In
               Summer
               time
               ,
               when
               the
               Sun
               lies
               hot
               upon
               it
               some
               6
               or
               7
               times
               a
               day
               ,
               otherwhiles
               but
               3
               or
               4
               times
               .
               In
               14
               or
               15
               days
               the
               upper
               end
               of
               there
               cones
               will
               grow
               white
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               turn
               them
               to
               whiten
               the
               other
               end
               .
               In
               a
               months
               time
               more
               or
               less
               according
               to
               the
               weather
               they
               will
               become
               white
               all
               over
               .
               Then
               they
               melt
               the
               wax
               again
               in
               earthen
               pans
               like
               Metae
               or
               scuttles
               ,
               and
               run
               it
               so
               melted
               through
               the
               neb
               of
               a
               ●m
               pot
               into
               water
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               runs
               down
               into
               the
               water
               a
               man
               either
               breaks
               it
               with
               his
               hand
               into
               grains
               ,
               or
               works
               it
               into
               round
               figures
               like
               spiral
               wreaths
               or
               corollae
               ,
               and
               these
               they
               expose
               again
               to
               the
               weather
               in
               the
               garden
               and
               order
               as
               before
               ,
               
               till
               they
               become
               purely
               white
               ;
               and
               then
               melt
               into
               great
               pieces
               to
               fell
               .
               The
               mucilage
               where
               with
               they
               be
               smear
               the
               forms
               is
               made
               of
               snails
               taken
               alive
               shells
               and
               all
               ,
               and
               pounded
               in
               a
               mortar
               till
               they
               become
               a
               perfect
               pan
               or
               viscus
               .
               The
               form
               once
               besmeared
               well
               over
               with
               this
               pap
               will
               last
               dipping
               many
               times
               .
               Wax
               whitened
               is
               almost
               twice
               as
               dear
               as
               yellow
               wax
               .
               Yellow
               wax
               is
               solutive
               and
               used
               where
               there
               is
               an
               inflammation
               and
               the
               sore
               not
               ripe
               ,
               white
               wax
               on
               the
               contrary
               very
               astringent
               .
               They
               say
               Montpiellier
               is
               a
               place
               proper
               for
               ,
               the
               whitening
               of
               wax●
               and
               that
               the
               same
               workmen
               coming
               over
               into
               England
               found
               the
               air
               of
               a
               different
               temper
               and
               not
               convenient
               for
               this
               trade
               .
            
             
               At
               Montpillier
               is
               made
               the
               best
               
                 Confectio
                 Alkermes
              
               ,
               
               as
               reason
               there
               is
               it
               should
               ,
               the
               grain
               which
               gives
               it
               its
               denomination
               being
               in
               no
               Countrey
               of
               Europe
               found
               so
               plentifully
               as
               heer
               .
               The
               manner
               of
               the
               preparation
               of
               this
               grain
               for
               the
               making
               the
               Confection
               you
               may
               find
               setdown
               in
               the
               
                 Philosoph
                 .
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 Numb
              
               .
               20.
               page
               362.
               and
               I
               shall
               therefore
               heer
               omit
               .
               These
               grains
               have
               formerly
               been
               thought
               to
               have
               been
               proper
               to
               the
               dwarf
               or
               shrub
               -
               Ilex
               ,
               called
               therefore
               
                 ●lex
                 o●ccifera
              
               ,
               and
               a
               by-fruit
               or
               excrescency
               of
               the
               twigs
               of
               that
               plant
               .
               But
               my
               learned
               and
               ingenious
               friend
               Mr.
               
                 Martin
                 Lister
              
               ,
               who
               hath
               been
               very
               happy
               in
               making
               discoveries
               in
               natural
               History
               ,
               hath
               found
               the
               like
               grains
               heer
               in
               England
               upon
               the
               twigs
               of
               cherry
               and
               other
               trees
               ,
               and
               judged
               them
               to
               be
               the
               work
               of
               an
               insect
               ,
               and
               by
               her
               affixed
               to
               the
               twigs
               for
               nests
               to
               breed
               and
               harbour
               her
               young
               ;
               and
               indeed
               to
               me
               they
               appeared
               to
               be
               so
               ,
               easily
               receding
               and
               falling
               off
               from
               the
               wood
               when
               the
               young
               are
               hatcht
               and
               gone
               .
               As
               for
               the
               grains
               themselves
               they
               are
               so
               like
               the
               Kermes
               grains
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               scarce
               to
               be
               distinguished
               and
               grow
               to
               the
               twigs
               just
               in
               the
               same
               places
               and
               manner
               .
               But
               for
               a
               more
               full
               and
               compleat
               History
               of
               them
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               
               to
               Mr.
               Listers
               Letters
               published
               in
               the
               
                 Philosophical
                 Transactions
              
               .
            
             
               At
               Montpellier
               I
               observed
               the
               manner
               of
               making
               oil-olive
               :
               
               First
               they
               take
               olives
               ,
               whether
               fresh
               gathered
               or
               laid
               a
               while
               on
               a
               heap
               it
               matters
               not
               (
               as
               they
               told
               me
               )
               and
               bruise
               or
               grind
               them
               to
               a
               paste
               ,
               ●as
               we
               do
               apples
               to
               make
               cider
               ,
               with
               a
               perpendicular
               mill-stone
               running
               round
               in
               a
               trough
               .
               This
               paste
               or
               the
               olives
               thus
               bruised
               they
               put
               in
               round
               thin
               baskets
               made
               of
               Spartum
               like
               frails
               ,
               having
               a
               round
               hole
               in
               the
               top
               ;
               but
               both
               top
               and
               bottom
               clapping
               together
               ,
               so
               that
               when
               pressed
               they
               look
               like
               a
               thin
               round
               cake
               .
               Half
               a
               score
               or
               more
               of
               these
               baskets
               filled
               with
               olive
               pouce
               they
               lay
               on
               a
               heap
               in
               the
               press
               and
               letting
               down
               the
               press-beam
               ,
               squeeze
               them
               at
               first
               without
               any
               mixture
               .
               Then
               winding
               up
               the
               beam
               they
               take
               out
               the
               baskets
               ,
               and
               into
               each
               one
               put
               a
               good
               quantity
               of
               scalding
               water
               ,
               (
               which
               they
               have
               always
               ready
               )
               and
               shaking
               the
               basket
               mingle
               it
               with
               the
               pouce
               and
               then
               piling
               them
               one
               upon
               another
               as
               before
               ,
               press
               them
               down
               a
               second
               time
               .
               This
               second
               operation
               they
               repeat
               again
               ,
               and
               then
               taking
               out
               the
               pouce
               put
               in
               new
               and
               proceed
               as
               before
               .
               The
               oil
               together
               with
               the
               water
               runs
               out
               into
               vessels
               set
               to
               receive
               it
               .
               The
               water
               with
               the
               Amurca
               sinks
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               and
               the
               oil
               swims
               above
               it
               ,
               which
               they
               take
               off
               with
               a
               copper
               dish
               like
               a
               fleeting
               dish
               ,
               as
               good
               housewives
               ski●
               the
               cream
               from
               their
               milk
               .
               The
               water
               mixed
               with
               the
               red
               juyce
               of
               the
               olives
               becomes
               red
               and
               thick
               ,
               not
               at
               all
               mingling
               with
               the
               oil
               ,
               so
               that
               it
               cannot
               easily
               the
               least
               drop
               of
               it
               be
               taken
               up
               without
               perceiving
               it
               .
               It
               s
               said
               that
               in
               Provence
               they
               spread
               their
               olives
               on
               a
               floor
               after
               they
               are
               gathered
               ,
               and
               there
               let
               them
               rest
               30
               days
               to
               dry
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               reason
               their
               oil
               is
               better
               than
               that
               of
               Languedoc
               .
               Others
               lay
               them
               on
               a
               heap
               a
               while
               to
               let
               them
               sweat
               ,
               as
               they
               call
               it
               .
               It
               is
               worth
               the
               noting
               that
               though
               the
               olives
               be
               very
               bitter
               and
               of
               a
               
               firy
               ungrateful
               taste
               ,
               yet
               the
               on
               which
               is
               drawn
               from
               them
               is
               sweet
               ;
               the
               like
               is
               observed
               in
               bitter
               Almonds
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               very
               likely
               might
               be
               in
               all
               other
               bitter
               fruits
               ;
               which
               is
               a
               sufficient
               proof
               that
               the
               taste
               of
               such
               fruits
               doth
               not
               inhere
               in
               the
               oil
               ,
               at
               least
               which
               is
               made
               by
               expression
               ;
               and
               it
               deserves
               examination
               ,
               whether
               the
               chymical
               oil
               may
               not
               also
               be
               devested
               of
               the
               taste
               of
               the
               vegetable
               from
               which
               it
               is
               extracted
               .
            
             
               Olives
               when
               they
               come
               to
               maturity
               change
               colour
               and
               become
               black
               as
               some
               other
               plums
               do
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               very
               late
               in
               the
               year
               first
               .
               They
               are
               then
               notwithstanding
               of
               a
               horrid
               and
               ungrateful
               taste
               ,
               firing
               the
               throat
               and
               palate
               of
               one
               that
               eats
               them
               .
               They
               afford
               most
               oil
               when
               fully
               ripe
               ,
               but
               best
               (
               as
               they
               told
               us
               )
               when
               gathered
               and
               pressed
               green
               .
               Sometimes
               they
               pickle
               ripe
               olives
               ,
               but
               they
               will
               not
               last
               ;
               therefore
               those
               which
               they
               pickle
               to
               send
               abroad
               are
               gathered
               green
               .
               The
               pickle
               they
               use
               is
               nothing
               else
               but
               a
               brine
               of
               salt
               and
               water
               .
            
             
               Near
               Peroul
               about
               a
               league
               from
               Montpellier
               we
               saw
               a
               boiling
               fountain
               (
               as
               they
               call
               it
               )
               that
               is
               the
               water
               did
               heave
               up
               and
               bubble
               as
               if
               it
               boiled
               .
               
               This
               phaenomenon
               in
               the
               water
               was
               caused
               by
               a
               vapour
               ascending
               out
               of
               the
               earth
               through
               the
               water
               ,
               as
               was
               manifest
               ,
               for
               that
               if
               one
               did
               but
               dig
               any
               where
               near
               the
               place
               and
               pour
               water
               upon
               the
               place
               new
               digged
               ,
               one
               should
               observe
               in
               it
               the
               like
               bubbling
               ,
               the
               vapour
               arising
               not
               only
               in
               that
               place
               where
               the
               fountain
               was
               but
               all
               thereabout
               .
               The
               like
               vapor
               ascending
               out
               of
               the
               earth
               and
               causing
               such
               ebullition
               in
               water
               it
               passes
               through
               hath
               been
               observed
               in
               Mr.
               
               Hawkley's
               ground
               about
               a
               mile
               from
               the
               Town
               of
               Wigan
               in
               Lancashire
               ,
               which
               vapour
               by
               the
               application
               of
               a
               lighted
               candle
               ,
               paper
               or
               the
               like
               ,
               catches
               fire
               and
               flames
               vigorously
               .
               Whether
               or
               no
               this
               vapour
               at
               Peroul
               would
               in
               like
               manner
               catch
               fire
               and
               burn
               I
               cannot
               say
               ,
               it
               coming
               not
               in
               our
               minds
               to
               make
               the
               experiment
               .
            
             
             
               From
               Montpellier
               we
               took
               a
               journey
               of
               pleasure
               to
               see
               the
               adjacent
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               first
               we
               rode
               to
               Frontignan
               ,
               a
               little
               wall'd
               Town
               by
               the
               Estang
               side
               ,
               3
               miles
               distant
               ,
               which
               gives
               name
               to
               the
               so
               famous
               muscate
               wine
               .
               The
               Countrey
               about
               this
               Town
               toward
               the
               Sea
               southward
               lies
               open
               to
               the
               Sun
               ,
               but
               toward
               the
               land
               northward
               it
               is
               encompassed
               with
               a
               ridge
               of
               hills
               in
               form
               of
               a
               bow
               ,
               touching
               the
               Sea
               at
               each
               end
               ;
               so
               that
               the
               whole
               is
               like
               a
               Theatre
               :
               in
               the
               Arena
               and
               on
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               hills
               grows
               the
               muscate
               grape
               of
               which
               this
               wine
               is
               made
               .
               In
               this
               space
               are
               contained
               two
               other
               little
               Towns
               ,
               the
               one
               called
               Miraval
               ,
               the
               other
               Vich
               .
               This
               last
               gives
               name
               to
               a
               mineral
               water
               ,
               springing
               near
               it
               ,
               much
               used
               heerabout
               .
               It
               hath
               an
               acide
               Vitriolic
               taste
               ,
               but
               nothing
               so
               strong
               as
               our
               Spaw-waters
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               guess
               the
               operation
               of
               it
               is
               much
               weaker
               .
            
             
               At
               Frontignan
               and
               other
               places
               we
               saw
               the
               manner
               of
               making
               raisins
               [
               uvae
               passae
               ]
               They
               take
               the
               fairest
               bunches
               ,
               
               and
               with
               a
               pair
               of
               scissers
               ship
               off
               all
               the
               faulty
               grapes
               ,
               and
               tie
               two
               bunches
               together
               with
               a
               string
               .
               Then
               they
               dip
               them
               in
               a
               boiling
               lye
               
                 [
                 lixivium
              
               ]
               into
               which
               they
               put
               a
               little
               oil
               ,
               till
               they
               are
               very
               plump
               and
               ready
               to
               crack
               .
               
                 Jo.
                 Bauhinus
              
               saith
               that
               they
               let
               them
               continue
               so
               long
               in
               the
               boiling
               
                 lixivium
                 ,
                 quoad
                 flaccescant
                 tantùm
                 &
                 corrugentur
                 .
              
               But
               we
               observed
               no
               such
               thing
               ,
               for
               they
               did
               not
               continue
               the
               bunches
               half
               a
               minute
               ,
               but
               presently
               took
               them
               out
               again
               and
               washed
               them
               in
               a
               vessel
               of
               fair
               cold
               water
               ,
               then
               they
               put
               them
               upon
               wooden
               poles
               for
               two
               or
               three
               days
               in
               the
               shade
               to
               dry
               ,
               and
               after
               that
               exposed
               them
               to
               the
               Sun
               ,
               taking
               them
               in
               in
               the
               night-time
               or
               rainy
               weather
               .
               
                 Cyprianus
                 Eichov●ns
              
               describes
               the
               manner
               of
               making
               rai●ins
               in
               Spain
               thus
               .
               There
               are
               (
               saith
               he
               )
               two
               sorts
               of
               
                 Vvae
                 passoe
              
               or
               raisins
               ;
               the
               one
               of
               those
               they
               call
               Raisins
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               of
               a
               blew
               colour
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               the
               
                 Vvae
                 passae
                 Lixae
              
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Frail
               or
               basket-Raisins
               .
               In
               preparing
               
               the
               first
               sort
               they
               thus
               proceed
               .
               When
               the
               bunch
               they
               design
               for
               that
               purpose
               begins
               to
               grow
               tipe
               ,
               they
               cut
               the
               foot-stalk
               of
               it
               half
               asunder
               ,
               that
               so
               the
               radical
               juyce
               or
               moisture
               may
               be
               at
               least
               in
               a
               great
               measure
               deteined
               and
               not
               pass
               to
               the
               grapes
               ;
               and
               so
               they
               leave
               it
               hanging
               on
               the
               vine
               .
               Then
               by
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               the
               grapes
               are
               by
               degrees
               dried
               .
               When
               they
               are
               sufficiently
               dry
               they
               gather
               them
               and
               put
               them
               up
               in
               vessels
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               sort
               they
               make
               on
               this
               fashion
               .
               When
               they
               prune
               their
               vines
               ,
               they
               bind
               up
               the
               cuttings
               in
               faggots
               and
               reserve
               them
               till
               the
               vintage
               time
               .
               Then
               they
               burn
               them
               and
               of
               their
               ashes
               make
               a
               lye
               or
               lixivi●m
               ,
               which
               they
               boil
               in
               great
               vessels
               ,
               and
               there
               in
               ●immerse
               the
               bunches
               of
               grapes
               one
               by
               one
               .
               Afterwards
               to
               dry
               them
               they
               spread
               them
               upon
               a
               paved
               floor
               clean
               swept
               ,
               made
               for
               that
               purpose
               in
               the
               vineyard
               ,
               that
               so
               they
               may
               be
               the
               more
               speedily
               dried
               by
               the
               Sun-b●ams
               .
               When
               they
               are
               sufficiently
               concocted
               and
               dried
               they
               put
               them
               up
               in
               frails
               or
               baskets
               .
               After
               the
               same
               manner
               they
               prepare
               figs
               for
               to
               dry
               ,
               by
               dipping
               them
               in
               a
               lixivium
               made
               of
               the
               ashes
               of
               the
               dried
               branches
               of
               the
               figtre●
               cut
               off
               in
               pruning
               .
               But
               however
               they
               superstitiously
               observe
               to
               make
               their
               lixivium
               for
               raisins
               of
               the
               ashes
               of
               branches
               pruned
               off
               of
               the
               vine
               ,
               &c.
               
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               the
               ashes
               of
               any
               wood
               indifferently
               taken
               would
               serve
               as
               well
               for
               that
               purpose
               .
            
             
               From
               Frontignan
               we
               rode
               to
               
                 Balleruch
                 ▪
              
               
               to
               see
               the
               hot
               waters
               which
               are
               used
               as
               well
               inwardly
               as
               outwardly
               .
               At
               our
               being
               there
               ,
               which
               was
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               September
               ,
               the
               water
               was
               scarce
               luke-warm
               ;
               they
               told
               us
               that
               in
               the
               Winter
               it
               was
               very
               hot
               .
               The
               Bath
               is
               not
               above
               two
               flight-shots
               distant
               from
               the
               Estang
               ,
               and
               the
               water
               thereof
               tastes
               very
               salt
               and
               brackish
               ;
               whether
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Seas
               being
               so
               near
               it
               ,
               or
               because
               the
               water
               comes
               from
               some
               salt
               mine
               I
               know
               not
               ,
               yet
               the
               latter
               seemeth
               the
               more
               
               probable
               ,
               because
               should
               it
               come
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               the
               water
               straining
               through
               so
               much
               sand
               would
               probably
               lose
               its
               salt
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               found
               by
               experiment
               in
               England
               .
            
             
               At
               Gabian
               about
               a
               days
               journey
               from
               Montpellier
               in
               the
               way
               to
               Beziers
               is
               a
               fountain
               of
               Petroleum
               .
               
               It
               burns
               like
               oil
               ,
               is
               of
               a
               strong
               pungent
               scent
               ,
               and
               a
               blackish
               colour
               .
               It
               distils
               out
               of
               several
               places
               of
               the
               rock
               all
               the
               year
               long
               ,
               but
               most
               in
               Summer
               time
               .
               They
               gather
               it
               up
               with
               ladies
               and
               put
               it
               in
               a
               barrel
               set
               on
               one
               end
               ,
               which
               hath
               a
               spiggot
               just
               at
               the
               bottom
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               put
               in
               a
               good
               quantity
               they
               open
               the
               spiggot
               to
               let
               out
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               oil
               begins
               to
               come
               presently
               stop
               it
               .
               They
               pay
               for
               the
               farm
               of
               this
               fountain
               about
               50
               crowns
               
                 per.
                 ann
              
               .
               We
               were
               told
               by
               one
               Monsieur
               Beaushoste
               a
               Chymist
               in
               Montpellier
               ,
               that
               Petroleum
               was
               the
               very
               same
               with
               the
               oil
               of
               Jet
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               distinguished
               from
               it
               by
               colour
               ,
               taste
               ,
               smell
               ,
               consistency
               ,
               virtues
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               accident
               ,
               as
               he
               had
               by
               experience
               found
               .
            
             
               Upon
               the
               coast
               of
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               in
               several
               places
               ,
               as
               at
               Berre
               ,
               
               near
               Martegue
               in
               Provence
               ,
               at
               Messina
               in
               Sioily
               ,
               &c.
               they
               make
               salt
               of
               the
               Sea-water
               drawn
               into
               shallow
               pools
               and
               evaporated
               by
               the
               Sun-beams
               in
               Summer
               time
               .
               First
               they
               let
               the
               water
               into
               a
               large
               shallow
               plain
               like
               the
               cooler
               in
               a
               Brew-house
               and
               there
               being
               well
               heated
               they
               run
               〈◊〉
               into
               several
               shallow
               beds
               like
               the
               beds
               of
               a
               garden
               ,
               when
               the
               Sun
               hath
               dried
               up
               all
               the
               water
               they
               let
               in
               more
               ,
               and
               so
               again
               3
               or
               4
               times
               till
               the
               salt
               remaining
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               these
               receptacles
               come
               to
               be
               3
               fingers
               thick
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               take
               it
               up
               with
               shovels
               ,
               and
               heap
               it
               on
               little
               hills
               :
               but
               the
               whole
               process
               of
               this
               operation
               being
               exactly
               described
               in
               the
               
                 Philosophical
                 Transact
                 .
                 Numb
              
               ;
               51.
               page
               1025.
               
               I
               shall
               forbear
               to
               enlarge
               any
               further
               concerning
               it
               .
            
             
               Now
               that
               I
               have
               mentioned
               Martegue
               ,
               
               I
               shall
               add
               the
               manner
               of
               making
               Botargo
               ,
               out
               of
               Mr.
               F.
               Willughbye's
               
               notes
               .
               At
               Martegue
               they
               take
               abundance
               of
               Mullets
               [
               Mugiles
               not
               mulli
               as
               one
               would
               be
               apt
               to
               think
               by
               the
               English
               name
               ]
               in
               their
               Burdigos
               ,
               which
               are
               places
               in
               the
               shallows
               ,
               enclosed
               with
               hedges
               of
               reeds
               .
               The
               male
               Mullets
               are
               called
               Allettants
               ,
               because
               they
               shed
               the
               milt
               [
               
                 Lac
                 piscium
              
               .
               ]
               The
               females
               Botar
               ,
               of
               the
               rows
               or
               spawn
               of
               which
               Botargo
               is
               made
               .
               They
               first
               take
               out
               the
               spawn
               entire
               ,
               and
               cover
               it
               round
               with
               salt
               for
               4
               or
               5
               hours
               :
               then
               they
               press
               it
               a
               little
               between
               two
               boards
               or
               stones
               ;
               then
               they
               wash
               it
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               dry
               it
               in
               the
               Sun
               for
               13
               or
               14
               days
               taking
               it
               in
               at
               nights
               .
            
             
               Decemb.
               7.
               1665.
               from
               Montpellier
               we
               made
               an
               excursive
               voyage
               into
               Provence
               .
               The
               principal
               Cities
               and
               Towns
               that
               we
               saw
               were
               1.
               
               
               Lunel
               about
               4
               leagues
               distant
               from
               Montpellier
               .
               2.
               
               Arles
               a
               considerable
               City
               once
               the
               head
               of
               a
               Kingdom
               ,
               called
               anciently
               Arelate
               ,
               standing
               upon
               the
               river
               Rhosne
               ,
               which
               a
               good
               way
               above
               this
               City
               divides
               it self
               into
               two
               branches
               ,
               and
               makes
               an
               Isalnd
               called
               the
               Camarg
               .
               All
               this
               Island
               is
               full
               of
               
                 Vermicularis
                 frutex
              
               growing
               by
               the
               ditch
               sides
               all
               along
               .
               Beyond
               this
               City
               in
               the
               way
               to
               Marseilles
               we
               passed
               over
               a
               large
               plain
               or
               level
               all
               over
               covered
               with
               stones
               ,
               called
               now
               the
               Craux
               or
               
                 les
                 Champs
                 pierreux
              
               ,
               anciently
               
                 Campi
                 lapidei
              
               ,
               to
               3.
               
               
               
                 S.
                 Chamas
              
               a
               large
               burgh
               standing
               upon
               the
               ridge
               and
               on
               each
               side
               a
               narrow
               hill
               ,
               which
               is
               perforated
               like
               Pausilypus
               .
               Upon
               the
               rocks
               near
               this
               town
               I
               found
               
                 Seseli
                 Aethiopicum
                 frutex
              
               growing
               in
               great
               plenty
               ,
               as
               also
               
                 Alypum
                 montis
                 Ceti
                 ,
                 Coris
                 Monspessulana
                 ;
                 Ruta
                 sylvestris
                 minor
                 ;
                 Colutea
                 caule
                 Genistae
                 fungoso
              
               J.
               B.
               We
               observed
               also
               this
               day
               all
               along
               as
               we
               rode
               upon
               the
               hills
               and
               by
               the
               way
               sides
               our
               common
               Furze
               or
               
                 Genista
                 spinosa
              
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Marseilles
               ,
               
               an
               ancient
               City
               not
               great
               but
               well
               built
               with
               tall
               stone-houses
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               and
               very
               populous
               .
               We
               were
               told
               that
               the
               number
               of
               souls
               was
               about
               120000.
               
               The
               streets
               are
               narrow
               as
               
               in
               most
               of
               the
               ancient
               Towns
               in
               this
               Countrey
               to
               keep
               off
               the
               scorching
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               in
               Summer
               time
               .
               The
               haven
               is
               the
               most
               secure
               and
               commodious
               that
               I
               have
               seen
               :
               the
               entrance
               into
               it
               so
               strait
               and
               narrow
               that
               a
               man
               may
               easily
               cast
               a
               stone
               cross
               it
               ,
               but
               the
               haven
               within
               large
               enough
               to
               contain
               500
               vessels
               or
               more
               :
               of
               an
               oval
               figure
               .
               On
               one
               side
               of
               this
               haven
               the
               Town
               is
               built
               which
               compasses
               it
               more
               than
               half
               round
               ,
               having
               before
               it
               a
               handsome
               kay
               well
               paved
               ,
               which
               serves
               the
               Citizens
               for
               a
               walk
               or
               Promenade
               .
               This
               haven
               is
               not
               capable
               of
               ships
               of
               above
               600
               tun
               .
               On
               the
               rocks
               near
               this
               Town
               I
               found
               growing
               plentifully
               the
               same
               Colutea
               I
               observed
               at
               S.
               
                 Chamas
                 :
                 Valeriana
                 rubra
              
               Dod.
               
                 Carduus
                 galactites
              
               J.
               B.
               By
               the
               Sea
               side
               
                 Tragacantha
                 Massiliensium
              
               plentifully
               .
               
                 After
                 luteus
                 supinus
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Tithymalus
                 myrsinites
                 angustifolius
                 ;
                 Coronopus
                 Massiliensis
              
               Lob.
               5.
               
               Bausset
               .
               
               6.
               
               Olliole
               ,
               two
               little
               Towns.
               7.
               
               Toulon
               ,
               no
               great
               Town
               ,
               but
               well
               fortified
               and
               the
               best
               haven
               the
               King
               of
               France
               hath
               on
               the
               Mediterranean
               Sea
               ,
               having
               large
               bay
               capable
               of
               the
               greatest
               vessels
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               good
               riding
               for
               ships
               .
               At
               Toulon
               they
               make
               holes
               in
               their
               stone-walls
               at
               three
               or
               four
               foot
               distance
               ,
               near
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               there
               plant
               capers
               ,
               the
               fruit
               whereof
               they
               prepare
               and
               pickle
               after
               this
               fashion
               .
               They
               gather
               the
               buds
               or
               blossoms
               of
               the
               flowers
               before
               they
               be
               explicated
               ,
               and
               spreading
               them
               thin
               ,
               lay
               them
               in
               the
               shade
               to
               wither
               for
               three
               or
               four
               hours
               ,
               to
               prevent
               the
               opening
               of
               the
               flower
               .
               Then
               they
               put
               them
               in
               a
               vessel
               ,
               and
               pour
               vinegar
               upon
               them
               ,
               covering
               the
               vessel
               with
               a
               board
               ,
               and
               so
               let
               them
               stand
               for
               nine
               days
               ;
               at
               the
               end
               whereof
               they
               take
               them
               out
               and
               press
               them
               gently
               ,
               and
               put
               them
               in
               fresh
               vinegar
               ,
               letting
               them
               stand
               as
               long
               as
               before
               :
               this
               done
               the
               third
               time
               ,
               they
               put
               them
               up
               in
               barrels
               with
               vinegar
               .
               Some
               mingle
               salt
               with
               their
               vinegar
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               best
               way
               ,
               and
               preserves
               the
               Cipers
               for
               three
               years
               both
               for
               colour
               and
               taste
               as
               good
               
               as
               at
               the
               first
               .
               I
               observed
               near
               Bausset
               great
               plenty
               of
               Myrtle
               in
               the
               hedges
               ;
               near
               
                 Olliole
                 Acanthus
                 :
                 sativus
                 ;
                 Althaeai●rutestens
                 folio
                 rotundiore
                 incano
              
               C.
               B.
               
                 Fumaria
                 minor
                 sive
                 tenuifolia
                 surrecta
              
               J.
               B.
               
                 Acacia
                 trifolia
                 ;
                 Tencrium
                 vulgare
                 ;
                 Arisarum
                 latifolium
                 ;
                 Chrysocome
              
               Ger.
               
               8.
               
               
                 S.
                 Maximine
              
               ,
               near
               which
               is
               the
               famous
               Gro●
               of
               
                 Mary
                 Magdalen
              
               ,
               called
               
                 S.
                 Baulme
                 .
                 9.
                 
                 Aix
                 ,
              
               
               anciently
               
                 Aquae
                 Sextiae
              
               from
               the
               hot
               baths
               that
               are
               there
               .
               This
               is
               a
               very
               elegant
               and
               pleasant
               City
               ,
               well
               built
               with
               fair
               stone
               houses
               ,
               having
               broad
               streets
               and
               handsome
               piazzas
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Selogne
               ,
               
               Salonia
               .
               In
               the
               Cordeliers
               Church
               lies
               buried
               Nostradamus
               the
               famous
               French
               Prophet
               ,
               whose
               verses
               the
               Franch-men
               esteem
               as
               oracles
               .
               In
               the
               Church
               wall
               is
               placed
               a
               stone
               with
               this
               inscription
               to
               his
               memory
               .
            
             
               
                 D.
                 M.
              
               Clariss
               .
               ossa
               .
               M.
               Nostradami
               unius
               omnium
               mortalium
               judicio
               digni
               ,
               cujus
               penè
               divino
               calamo
               totius
               orbis
               ex
               astrorum
               influxu
               futuri
               eventus
               conscriberentur
               .
               Vixit
               .
               an
               .
               62.
               m.
               6.
               d.
               10.
               
               Obiit
               Salo
               :
               MDLXVI
               .
               Quietem
               posteri
               nè
               invidete
               .
               Anna
               Pontia
               Gemella
               Salonia
               conjugi
               optimo
               
                 V.
                 F.
              
               
            
             
               11.
               
               Aiguemortes
               ,
               a
               small
               Town
               but
               of
               great
               strength
               ,
               near
               the
               Sea
               in
               a
               fenny
               place
               some
               6
               leagues
               distant
               from
               Montpellier
               .
            
             
               From
               Montpellier
               we
               returned
               to
               Lions
               ,
               from
               Lions
               we
               travelled
               with
               the
               Messenger
               to
               Paris
               ,
               from
               Paris
               again
               to
               Calais
               and
               so
               cross
               the
               Strait
               to
               Dover
               :
               whence
               we
               at
               first
               set
               out
               and
               began
               our
               Journey
               .
            
             
               
               
                 A
                 Relation
                 of
                 a
                 Voyage
                 made
                 through
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Spain
                 by
                 Francis
                 Willughby
                 
                   Esq
                
                 containing
                 the
                 chief
                 Observables
                 he
                 met
                 with
                 there
                 ,
                 collected
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Notes
                 .
              
               
                 AVgust
                 31.
                 1664.
                 we
                 left
                 Bagnols
                 in
                 the
                 County
                 of
                 Roussillon
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 last
                 or
                 furthest
                 Town
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 about
                 ¾
                 of
                 a
                 leagues
                 distance
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 stone
                 erected
                 heer
                 for
                 a
                 boundary
                 between
                 France
                 and
                 Spain
                 ;
                 and
                 passing
                 very
                 bad
                 way
                 among
                 desolate
                 mountains
                 after
                 many
                 hours
                 riding
                 we
                 came
                 to
                 Lansa
                 the
                 first
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spains
                 Countrey
                 .
                 All
                 along
                 these
                 mountains
                 grew
                 Rosemary
                 ,
                 common
                 Furze
                 or
                 Gorsse
                 and
                 
                   Agnus
                   castus
                
                 of
                 two
                 sorts
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 with
                 a
                 carneous
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 a
                 blew
                 flower
                 .
                 From
                 Lansa
                 we
                 went
                 on
                 the
                 same
                 day
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 
                   Cau
                   de
                   Creux
                
                 ,
                 5
                 leagues
                 or
                 20
                 English
                 miles
                 from
                 Bagnols
                 .
                 Among
                 these
                 mountains
                 we
                 met
                 with
                 no
                 brooks
                 and
                 scarce
                 any
                 water
                 .
              
               
                 September
                 1.
                 
                 We
                 intended
                 to
                 have
                 seen
                 the
                 Coral-fishing
                 heer
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 windy
                 weather
                 hindred
                 us
                 .
                 The
                 Sea
                 must
                 be
                 very
                 calm
                 and
                 smooth
                 ,
                 else
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 fish
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 It
                 grows
                 downward
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 urinators
                 told
                 us
                 )
                 under
                 the
                 hollow
                 rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 upwards
                 as
                 trees
                 .
                 I
                 believe
                 rather
                 that
                 it
                 grows
                 indifferently
                 either
                 upwards
                 or
                 downwards
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 situation
                 of
                 the
                 rocks
                 .
              
               
               
                 Near
                 
                   C.
                   de
                   Creux
                
                 upon
                 the
                 mountains
                 they
                 find
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Selenitis
                 ,
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 cut
                 or
                 flit
                 into
                 very
                 thin
                 plates
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 common
                 
                 Muscovy-glass
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 shore
                 are
                 thrown
                 up
                 
                   conchae
                   venerea
                
                 of
                 several
                 sorts
                 and
                 magnitudes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 smal
                 shells
                 of
                 affinity
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Porcellane
                   ▪
                
                 These
                 they
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 juyce
                 of
                 lemons
                 or
                 citrons
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 out
                 in
                 an
                 open
                 bottle
                 all
                 night
                 .
                 Th●
                 dew
                 mingling
                 with
                 the
                 acid
                 juyce
                 dissolves
                 the
                 Porcellane
                 .
                 This
                 liquor
                 they
                 use
                 for
                 a
                 Cosmetic
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 catch
                 fish
                 about
                 
                   C.
                   de
                   Creux
                
                 as
                 at
                 Naples
                 b●
                 hanging
                 a
                 fire-brand
                 or
                 other
                 light
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 th●
                 boat
                 ,
                 which
                 entices
                 the
                 fish
                 into
                 the
                 nets
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 day
                 we
                 passed
                 by
                 Rosas
                 a
                 strong
                 Garrison
                 
                   Castillon
                   ,
                   Villa
                   sacra
                
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Figera
                 .
              
               
                 Sept.
                 2.
                 
                 We
                 passed
                 
                   Crispia
                   ,
                   Basalon
                   ,
                   Argelague●
                   S.
                   Ja●●
                
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Castel-foulet
                 ,
                 5
                 league●
                 All
                 the
                 way
                 we
                 observed
                 abundance
                 of
                 Pomegrana●
                 trees
                 .
                 
                   C.
                   Foulet
                
                 is
                 a
                 small
                 Garrison
                 .
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Aulot
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 saw
                 a
                 Bufalore
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 divers
                 in
                 that
                 Town
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 hole
                 or
                 cave
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 continually
                 issues
                 a
                 cool
                 air
                 .
                 They
                 keep
                 bottles
                 of
                 wine
                 ,
                 fruit
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 house
                 built
                 over
                 the
                 cave
                 .
                 The
                 wine
                 heer
                 kept
                 drinks
                 as
                 cool
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 kept
                 in
                 ice
                 or
                 snow
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 water
                 running
                 and
                 falling
                 down
                 under
                 the
                 ground
                 that
                 makes
                 these
                 Spiracula
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 unlikely
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 all
                 on
                 the
                 left
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 river
                 as
                 you
                 go
                 to
                 Vict
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 on
                 the
                 right
                 .
                 This
                 day
                 also
                 we
                 passed
                 Rhoda
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Vict
                 ,
                 7
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 We
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 hill
                 where
                 the
                 Amethysts
                 or
                 Violet
                 stones
                 are
                 found
                 distant
                 two
                 leagues
                 from
                 Vict
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   S.
                   Sigminont
                
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 hill
                 is
                 an
                 hermitage
                 and
                 place
                 of
                 devotion
                 ,
                 where
                 S.
                 Sigminont
                 a
                 Burgundian
                 King
                 did
                 penance
                 .
                 The
                 Amethysts
                 are
                 found
                 lower
                 in
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 hill
                 ,
                 Viscount
                 Jacque
                 is
                 lord
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 and
                 whoever
                 opens
                 a
                 mine
                 pays
                 him
                 a
                 pistol
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 
                   per
                   mensem
                
                 .
                 They
                 find
                 the
                 stones
                 by
                 following
                 a
                 vein
                 of
                 reddish
                 or
                 black
                 earth
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 vein
                 in
                 the
                 rock
                 so
                 coloured
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 all
                 hexangular
                 and
                 pointed
                 like
                 crystal
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 of
                 three
                 sorts
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 are
                 the
                 blackest
                 or
                 deepest
                 violet
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Others
                 are
                 almost
                 quite
                 white
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 Some
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 rarely
                 ,
                 are
                 found
                 tinctured
                 with
                 yellow
                 ,
                 They
                 sometimes
                 stick
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 together
                 to
                 the
                 rock
                 like
                 the
                 
                 Bristow-diamonds
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 are
                 never
                 good
                 :
                 the
                 best
                 are
                 found
                 loose
                 in
                 the
                 chinks
                 of
                 the
                 rock
                 in
                 a
                 fat
                 yellowish
                 or
                 reddish
                 earth
                 .
                 They
                 scrape
                 out
                 this
                 earth
                 with
                 long
                 narrow
                 knives
                 that
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 chinks
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 crumble
                 it
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 their
                 fingers
                 to
                 feel
                 for
                 the
                 stones
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 afterwards
                 ground
                 and
                 polished
                 upon
                 leaden
                 moulds
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 crystal
                 is
                 .
                 First
                 they
                 use
                 the
                 dust
                 of
                 Smiril
                 or
                 Emery
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 of
                 Tripoli
                 .
                 All
                 along
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 this
                 hill
                 we
                 saw
                 abundance
                 of
                 Arbutus
                 and
                 
                   Rbus
                   coriariorum
                
                 called
                 Rhondo
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Countrey
                 they
                 use
                 not
                 bark
                 of
                 Oak
                 to
                 tan
                 their
                 leather
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 the
                 leaves
                 and
                 branches
                 of
                 this
                 shrub
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 first
                 bruise
                 with
                 a
                 perpendicular
                 stone
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 mingle
                 with
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 heating
                 the
                 water
                 luke-warm
                 ,
                 steep
                 the
                 skins
                 in
                 it
                 3
                 or
                 4
                 days
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 mountains
                 are
                 also
                 found
                 Emeralds
                 ,
                 Gold
                 and
                 other
                 sorts
                 of
                 minerals
                 and
                 stones
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 turn
                 to
                 account
                 to
                 search
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 Topazes
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 a
                 lake
                 called
                 the
                 lake
                 of
                 Silles
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 
                   S.
                   Colonna
                
                 near
                 Girona
                 .
                 They
                 find
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 shore
                 of
                 the
                 lake
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 Vict
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 a
                 Church
                 at
                 a
                 Covent
                 ,
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 built
                 by
                 Charlemagne
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 discomfited
                 the
                 Saracens
                 &
                 driven
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 Catalonia
                 .
                 This
                 night
                 we
                 lodged
                 at
                 Moia
                 having
                 travelled
                 only
                 3
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 rode
                 within
                 sight
                 of
                 Montserret
                 ,
                 
                 broken
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 into
                 rocks
                 standing
                 like
                 the
                 teeth
                 of
                 a
                 Saw
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 took
                 its
                 name
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Chappel
                 of
                 our
                 Lady
                 ,
                 a
                 place
                 of
                 great
                 devotion
                 .
                 This
                 night
                 we
                 lodged
                 at
                 
                   Casa
                   della
                   pobla
                
                 ,
                 a
                 single
                 Inn
                 ,
                 5
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 came
                 to
                 Cardona
                 2
                 leagues
                 .
                 
                 All
                 the
                 way
                 as
                 we
                 rode
                 the
                 rocks
                 and
                 stones
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 round
                 holes
                 ,
                 just
                 like
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 stones
                 at
                 Ancona
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Pholades
                 harbour
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 question
                 but
                 these
                 holes
                 have
                 been
                 made
                 by
                 some
                 animal
                 before
                 the
                 stones
                 were
                 hardned
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 viewed
                 the
                 mountain
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 were
                 three
                 Officers
                 ,
                 one
                 to
                 weigh
                 the
                 salt
                 ,
                 another
                 to
                 receive
                 money
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 to
                 keep
                 accounts
                 .
                 The
                 Revenue
                 of
                 this
                 Salt
                 amounts
                 yearly
                 to
                 about
                 30000
                 pieces
                 of
                 eight
                 .
                 For
                 every
                 Quintal
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 104
                 pounds
                 ,
                 they
                 pay
                 ten
                 reals
                 of
                 two
                 sous
                 to
                 a
                 real
                 .
                 The
                 salt
                 is
                 hard
                 and
                 transparent
                 like
                 crystal
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 powdred
                 fine
                 as
                 white
                 as
                 snow
                 .
                 They
                 hew
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 axes
                 and
                 mattocks
                 ;
                 and
                 make
                 chaplets
                 ,
                 boxes
                 ,
                 &c.
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 end
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 reaches
                 to
                 the
                 center
                 of
                 the
                 earth
                 .
                 Near
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 they
                 work
                 there
                 are
                 two
                 caves
                 within
                 the
                 rock
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 never
                 durst
                 venture
                 to
                 go
                 .
              
               
               
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 this
                 there
                 is
                 another
                 mountain
                 of
                 salt
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 salt
                 sticks
                 to
                 the
                 rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 most
                 of
                 it
                 tinctured
                 with
                 red
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 red
                 salt
                 they
                 make
                 broad
                 plates
                 like
                 tiles
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Ruggiolas
                 ;
                 these
                 they
                 heat
                 before
                 the
                 fire
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 aches
                 ,
                 strengthen
                 the
                 stomach
                 ,
                 keep
                 the
                 feet
                 warm
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Well
                 heated
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 they
                 will
                 keep
                 warm
                 for
                 24
                 hours
                 .
                 Amongst
                 this
                 red
                 salt
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Selenitis
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 some
                 call
                 Ising-glass
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Italians
                   Gesso
                
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Latin
                 wo●●
                 Gypsum
                 ,
                 signifying
                 chalk
                 ,
                 because
                 when
                 burnt
                 it
                 is
                 turned
                 into
                 a
                 white
                 calx
                 )
                 which
                 naturally
                 roches
                 into
                 Parallelipipedums
                 of
                 the
                 figure
                 of
                 a
                 Lozenge
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 sorts
                 of
                 stones
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 of
                 our
                 nation
                 .
                 About
                 these
                 mountains
                 of
                 salt
                 grows
                 great
                 plenty
                 of
                 Halimus
                 and
                 Limonium
                 .
              
               
                 Cardona
                 is
                 a
                 Dukedom
                 containing
                 3
                 or
                 4
                 villages
                 besides
                 the
                 town
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 thereof
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 richest
                 Grandees
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 having
                 3
                 Dukedoms
                 ,
                 4
                 Marquisates
                 ,
                 2
                 Earldoms
                 &c.
                 
                 The
                 name
                 of
                 his
                 family
                 is
                 Folke
                 .
                 He
                 lives
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 at
                 Madrid
                 ,
                 but
                 sends
                 every
                 three
                 years
                 a
                 Governour
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 hath
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 this
                 city
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Duke
                 never
                 imposes
                 any
                 taxes
                 ,
                 but
                 hath
                 only
                 all
                 the
                 tithes
                 of
                 the
                 corn
                 ,
                 wine
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 36
                 changed
                 every
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 hath
                 been
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 must
                 wait
                 three
                 years
                 before
                 he
                 can
                 be
                 chosen
                 again
                 .
                 The
                 last
                 thing
                 the
                 Council
                 does
                 is
                 to
                 chuse
                 a
                 new
                 Council
                 for
                 the
                 year
                 following
                 .
                 This
                 new
                 Council
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 four
                 Ranks
                 ,
                 not
                 equally
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 old
                 Council
                 shall
                 think
                 fit
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 names
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 4
                 boxes
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 box
                 a
                 child
                 takes
                 out
                 one
                 to
                 be
                 Consul
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 is
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 box
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 Consul
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 order
                 .
                 Near
                 the
                 town
                 is
                 a
                 castle
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 castle
                 a
                 tower
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 by
                 Charlemagne
                 .
                 Every
                 Duke
                 hath
                 an
                 oath
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 
                 wherein
                 is
                 an
                 Article
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 reside
                 in
                 the
                 castle
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 never
                 kept
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 through
                 Kalah
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 a
                 single
                 Inn
                 a
                 league
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 further
                 ,
                 four
                 leagues
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 distant
                 from
                 Cardona
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 through
                 
                   S.
                   Columba
                
                 ,
                 
                 Roccafort
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Sirreall
                 five
                 leagues
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Pobla
                 a
                 famous
                 ancient
                 Monastery
                 ,
                 
                 about
                 two
                 leagues
                 distant
                 from
                 Sirreall
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Church
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 monuments
                 .
                 They
                 told
                 us
                 that
                 13
                 Queens
                 and
                 7
                 Kings
                 lay
                 interred
                 there
                 .
                 Then
                 we
                 passed
                 Praves
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 that
                 night
                 at
                 Coulnouvil
                 5
                 leagues
                 .
                 All
                 over
                 Catalonia
                 they
                 reckon
                 a
                 league
                 two
                 hours
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 account
                 that
                 4
                 Catalonian
                 leagues
                 are
                 equal
                 to
                 6
                 French.
                 We
                 heard
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 Amethysts
                 also
                 found
                 about
                 Praves
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Falsot
                 two
                 leagues
                 from
                 Coulnouville
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Lead-mines
                 .
                 The
                 oar
                 is
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 melt
                 it
                 just
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 mine
                 ,
                 without
                 beating
                 it
                 to
                 powder
                 .
                 They
                 fell
                 the
                 oar
                 for
                 40
                 Reals
                 of
                 Ardit
                 the
                 Quintal
                 ,
                 a
                 Quintal
                 being
                 122
                 pounds
                 :
                 Five
                 Quintals
                 of
                 oar
                 usually
                 yield
                 four
                 Quintals
                 of
                 lead
                 .
                 This
                 town
                 and
                 the
                 mines
                 about
                 it
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Cardona
                 .
                 They
                 told
                 us
                 that
                 the
                 vein
                 of
                 metal
                 lay
                 always
                 East
                 and
                 West
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 and
                 finest
                 of
                 this
                 oar
                 they
                 grind
                 to
                 powder
                 ,
                 and
                 thereof
                 make
                 varnish
                 to
                 lead
                 earthen
                 pots
                 and
                 vessels
                 with
                 ,
                 sprinkling
                 the
                 powder
                 upon
                 the
                 pots
                 .
                 This
                 night
                 we
                 lay
                 at
                 Tivisa
                 ,
                 four
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 
                   Venu-falet
                   ,
                   Tivians
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 Tortosa
                 ,
                 6
                 leagues
                 .
                 All
                 along
                 the
                 way
                 we
                 saw
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 
                   Palma
                   humilis
                   .
                   Hispanica
                   non
                   spinosa
                   .
                
                 The
                 fruit
                 grew
                 up
                 in
                 bunches
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ground
                 like
                 the
                 berries
                 of
                 Arum
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 not
                 much
                 bigger
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 ripe
                 were
                 of
                 a
                 reddish
                 colour
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 oblong
                 figure
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 into
                 4
                 quarters
                 :
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 less
                 ripe
                 were
                 yellowish
                 .
                 The
                 skin
                 and
                 pulp
                 
                 very
                 thin
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 but
                 just
                 serve
                 to
                 cover
                 the
                 stone
                 .
                 It
                 hath
                 the
                 smell
                 and
                 taste
                 of
                 Dates
                 .
                 The
                 stones
                 being
                 broken
                 are
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 hollow
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 a
                 hard
                 white
                 kernel
                 or
                 pearl
                 within
                 them
                 .
                 We
                 observed
                 also
                 abundance
                 of
                 Garossus
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 i.
                 e.
                 Caroba
                 sive
                 
                   Siliqua
                   dulcis
                
                 ,
                 the
                 cods
                 whereof
                 they
                 give
                 their
                 mules
                 instead
                 of
                 provender
                 .
                 The
                 Spanish
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 the
                 siege
                 of
                 Barcellona
                 had
                 nothing
                 but
                 these
                 Siliquae
                 and
                 water
                 to
                 live
                 upon
                 .
                 All
                 over
                 Catalonia
                 the
                 people
                 are
                 generally
                 poor
                 .
                 They
                 use
                 neither
                 glass
                 nor
                 paper
                 in
                 their
                 windows
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 shuts
                 of
                 wood
                 .
              
               
                 Tortosa
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 poor
                 and
                 desolate
                 town
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 bridge
                 of
                 boats
                 over
                 the
                 river
                 Iberus
                 ,
                 now
                 called
                 Ebro
                 ,
                 in
                 sight
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 rode
                 all
                 along
                 from
                 Tivisa
                 hither
                 .
                 At
                 Tortosa
                 they
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 make
                 salt-sellars
                 ,
                 mortars
                 ,
                 bouls
                 ,
                 beads
                 ,
                 &c.
                 of
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 marble
                 of
                 a
                 mingled
                 colour
                 ,
                 red
                 and
                 yellow
                 ,
                 sound
                 near
                 the
                 town
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Jasper
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 another
                 greenish
                 marble
                 spotted
                 with
                 black
                 ,
                 brought
                 from
                 Genoa
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Jasper
                 mine
                 about
                 2
                 miles
                 from
                 the
                 town
                 ,
                 
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 workmen
                 .
                 We
                 saw
                 there
                 vast
                 pillars
                 hewn
                 out
                 and
                 wrought
                 for
                 a
                 Church
                 in
                 Palermo
                 .
                 He
                 told
                 us
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 veins
                 of
                 marble
                 ,
                 jasper
                 ,
                 &c.
                 went
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 .
                 That
                 they
                 sawed
                 these
                 stones
                 to
                 make
                 tables
                 ,
                 &c.
                 with
                 only
                 water
                 and
                 sand
                 .
                 That
                 when
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 enough
                 red
                 in
                 the
                 stone
                 they
                 made
                 little
                 holes
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 red
                 stones
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 cement
                 they
                 used
                 for
                 all
                 stones
                 in
                 Mosaic
                 works
                 was
                 made
                 of
                 one
                 half
                 mastich
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 half
                 Greek
                 pitch
                 .
                 That
                 in
                 building
                 they
                 joyned
                 the
                 stones
                 together
                 with
                 ordinary
                 lime
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 they
                 filled
                 up
                 the
                 chinks
                 with
                 a
                 cement
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 powder
                 of
                 the
                 Jasper
                 mingled
                 with
                 sulphur
                 and
                 Mangra
                 ;
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 more
                 white
                 they
                 put
                 in
                 more
                 sulphur
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 more
                 red
                 they
                 put
                 in
                 more
                 Mangra
                 .
                 The
                 Jasper
                 was
                 hew'd
                 
                 out
                 with
                 chizzels
                 and
                 hammers
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 stone
                 in
                 our
                 stone-pits
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 afterwards
                 polished
                 with
                 Armoril
                 ,
                 
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 the
                 powder
                 they
                 use
                 to
                 polish
                 armour
                 with
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 a
                 lustre
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 one
                 may
                 see
                 his
                 face
                 in
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 powder
                 of
                 the
                 cinders
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Tin.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 day
                 we
                 set
                 out
                 towards
                 Valence
                 passing
                 the
                 Ebro
                 by
                 the
                 bridge
                 of
                 boats
                 ,
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 Galera
                 a
                 small
                 village
                 2
                 leagues
                 distant
                 from
                 Tortosa
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Tregera
                 ,
                 
                 whereabouts
                 seemed
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 ruines
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 Romane
                 way
                 ;
                 
                   Mattheau
                   ,
                   Salsandail
                
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Lescouvas
                 ,
                 7
                 leagues
                 .
                 Near
                 Lescouvas
                 we
                 found
                 store
                 of
                 Oleander
                 with
                 a
                 red
                 flower
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Cabanos
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Pobletta
                   ,
                   Buriol
                   ,
                   villa
                   real
                   ,
                   Annules
                   ,
                
                 7
                 leagues
                 .
                 This
                 journey
                 we
                 saw
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 rivers
                 quite
                 dried
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 above
                 a
                 month
                 together
                 had
                 scarce
                 any
                 rain
                 .
                 That
                 little
                 that
                 was
                 always
                 came
                 just
                 from
                 the
                 sea
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Chinoes
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Almenaro
                   ,
                   Moulvedere
                   (
                   an
                   Saguntus
                   ?
                   )
                   Massa-magril
                   ,
                   Albalade
                   ,
                
                 and
                 arrived
                 at
                 Valence
                 ,
                 7
                 leagues
                 .
                 Near
                 Valence
                 the
                 Countrey
                 is
                 very
                 populous
                 and
                 well
                 cultivated
                 .
                 Abundance
                 of
                 Mulberry-trees
                 are
                 planted
                 in
                 rows
                 all
                 the
                 fields
                 over
                 .
                 As
                 we
                 passed
                 through
                 the
                 Market-place
                 at
                 Valence
                 all
                 the
                 people
                 houted
                 at
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 parings
                 of
                 melons
                 ,
                 &c.
                 on
                 our
                 cloaks
                 .
                 It
                 seems
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 used
                 to
                 see
                 strangers
                 and
                 travellers
                 there
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ;
                 in
                 Spain
                 where
                 we
                 were
                 searched
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 city
                 is
                 an
                 University
                 .
                 I
                 heard
                 a
                 Professor
                 read
                 Logic.
                 The
                 scholars
                 are
                 sufficiently
                 insolent
                 and
                 very
                 disputacious
                 :
                 One
                 of
                 them
                 asked
                 me
                 ,
                 
                   Quid
                   est
                   Ens
                   universale
                
                 ?
                 and
                 whether
                 I
                 was
                 of
                 
                   Thomas
                   Aquinas
                
                 his
                 opinion
                 :
                 another
                 ,
                 
                   Quid
                   est
                   Genus
                
                 ?
                 None
                 of
                 them
                 understood
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 or
                 had
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 heard
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 None
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 books
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Booksellers
                 shops
                 :
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 the
                 University
                 of
                 Valence
                 is
                 just
                 where
                 our
                 Universities
                 were
                 100
                 years
                 ago
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Valence
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 is
                 not
                 absolute
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 impose
                 taxes
                 ,
                 raise
                 soldiers
                 ,
                 &c.
                 he
                 must
                 have
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 Estates
                 ,
                 
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Clergy
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Nobility
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Cities
                 and
                 Villages
                 :
                 and
                 if
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 refuse
                 to
                 consent
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 These
                 three
                 Estates
                 have
                 6
                 Deputies
                 ,
                 2
                 for
                 each
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 changed
                 every
                 third
                 year
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 two
                 for
                 the
                 Cities
                 one
                 is
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Valentia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 Each
                 City
                 chusing
                 a
                 Syndic
                 ,
                 one
                 is
                 taken
                 by
                 lot
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Deputy
                 .
                 The
                 six
                 Deputies
                 have
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 government
                 of
                 the
                 Militia
                 .
                 Upon
                 any
                 urgent
                 occasion
                 the
                 Deputies
                 must
                 assemble
                 the
                 3
                 Estates
                 ,
                 
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 ,
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Syndics
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Valence
                 is
                 governed
                 by
                 six
                 Jurats
                 or
                 Consuls
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 taken
                 by
                 lot
                 out
                 of
                 6
                 Urns
                 or
                 Burses
                 ,
                 two
                 out
                 of
                 each
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 Urn
                 are
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 better
                 sort
                 of
                 Nobility
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 title
                 of
                 Dons
                 :
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 Urn
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 lower
                 rank
                 of
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 title
                 of
                 Don
                 :
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 all
                 rich
                 Citizens
                 that
                 are
                 not
                 Gentlemen
                 ;
                 they
                 must
                 have
                 al
                 least
                 400
                 crowns
                 yearly
                 rent
                 besides
                 what
                 their
                 wives
                 bring
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Rationel
                 and
                 two
                 Syndics
                 changed
                 every
                 third
                 year
                 ;
                 six
                 Advocates
                 for
                 their
                 lives
                 ,
                 and
                 40
                 Plebeians
                 changed
                 yearly
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 being
                 divided
                 into
                 15
                 Trades
                 or
                 Companies
                 ;
                 each
                 Company
                 chuses
                 two
                 ,
                 which
                 make
                 30
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 ten
                 are
                 chosen
                 ,
                 two
                 by
                 the
                 Rationel
                 ,
                 and
                 eight
                 by
                 the
                 six
                 Jurats
                 and
                 two
                 Syndics
                 ,
                 each
                 chusing
                 one
                 .
                 Of
                 all
                 these
                 Officers
                 and
                 the
                 40
                 Plebeians
                 consists
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 But
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 done
                 unless
                 there
                 be
                 29
                 of
                 the
                 Plebeians
                 present
                 at
                 least
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 also
                 1.
                 a
                 Judge
                 for
                 criminal
                 causes
                 ,
                 taken
                 by
                 turns
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 3
                 Urns
                 ,
                 and
                 changed
                 yearly
                 .
                 He
                 hath
                 an
                 Advocate
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 changed
                 yearly
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Advocates
                 in
                 
                 the
                 City
                 have
                 the
                 place
                 by
                 turns
                 :
                 and
                 a
                 
                   Lieutenant
                   criminel
                
                 ,
                 taken
                 by
                 lot
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 40
                 Plebeians
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 A
                 Mustafa
                 who
                 has
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 victuals
                 ,
                 corn
                 ,
                 weights
                 ,
                 measures
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 He
                 is
                 taken
                 by
                 lot
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 3
                 burses
                 as
                 the
                 criminal
                 Judge
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 also
                 a
                 Lieutenant
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 40.
                 
                 Moreover
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Judge
                 for
                 civil
                 causes
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 3
                 Burses
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 an
                 Advocate
                 like
                 the
                 criminal
                 Judge
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 cannot
                 decide
                 causes
                 of
                 above
                 fifteen
                 crowns
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 University
                 is
                 governed
                 by
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 who
                 every
                 third
                 year
                 chuse
                 a
                 Rector
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 a
                 Canon
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 Officers
                 are
                 a
                 Bedel
                 ,
                 a
                 Sergeant
                 and
                 a
                 Puntadore
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 when
                 any
                 Professour
                 fails
                 to
                 read
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 eight
                 Praepositi
                 in
                 this
                 University
                 ,
                 four
                 for
                 Divinity
                 ,
                 two
                 for
                 the
                 Canon
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 for
                 the
                 Civil
                 Law
                 ;
                 who
                 have
                 each
                 500
                 crowns
                 yearly
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 also
                 four
                 Readers
                 for
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 seven
                 for
                 Physic
                 ,
                 one
                 for
                 the
                 Greek
                 tongue
                 ,
                 one
                 for
                 the
                 Hebrew
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 for
                 the
                 Mathematics
                 .
                 These
                 have
                 but
                 small
                 stipends
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 their
                 scholars
                 that
                 come
                 to
                 hear
                 their
                 lectures
                 pay
                 somewhat
                 yearly
                 .
                 If
                 a
                 Professor
                 promote
                 3
                 rich
                 scholars
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 fees
                 ,
                 to
                 any
                 degree
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 promote
                 a
                 fourth
                 that
                 is
                 poor
                 for
                 nothing
                 .
                 The
                 degrees
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 those
                 in
                 our
                 Universities
                 ,
                 viz.
                 1.
                 
                 Batchelour
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 finished
                 a
                 course
                 in
                 Philosophy
                 ;
                 which
                 degree
                 costs
                 about
                 12
                 crowns
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Master
                 of
                 Arts
                 ,
                 which
                 costs
                 80.
                 3.
                 
                 Batchelour
                 in
                 Divinity
                 ,
                 Law
                 or
                 Physic
                 ,
                 which
                 costs
                 16.
                 4.
                 
                 Doctor
                 ,
                 which
                 costs
                 150.
                 
                 They
                 may
                 be
                 Masters
                 of
                 Arts
                 presently
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 Batchelours
                 if
                 they
                 will
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 Doctors
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Market
                 at
                 Valence
                 and
                 all
                 Spain
                 over
                 they
                 divide
                 hens
                 and
                 chickens
                 into
                 pieces
                 and
                 sell
                 them
                 by
                 quarters
                 :
                 They
                 make
                 great
                 vessels
                 of
                 Goats
                 skins
                 to
                 put
                 wine
                 and
                 oil
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 lesser
                 bottles
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 boto's
                 .
                 The
                 women
                 paint
                 ,
                 laying
                 it
                 on
                 so
                 thick
                 as
                 
                 if
                 one
                 daubed
                 minium
                 upon
                 a
                 wall
                 .
                 No
                 Garrison
                 nor
                 soldiers
                 heer
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 set
                 out
                 from
                 Valence
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 by
                 Masanasse
                 ,
                 
                 Catareggi
                 &
                 Seille
                 lodged
                 at
                 Mussafes
                 ,
                 3
                 leagues
                 .
                 Coming
                 out
                 of
                 Valence
                 we
                 were
                 fain
                 to
                 give
                 money
                 at
                 3
                 places
                 to
                 avoid
                 searching
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Cullera
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 we
                 ferried
                 over
                 a
                 great
                 river
                 called
                 Xucar
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Gandia
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 College
                 and
                 an
                 University
                 ,
                 as
                 appears
                 by
                 this
                 inscription
                 upon
                 the
                 wall
                 of
                 the
                 Col.
                 
                   Sanctus
                   Franciscus
                   à
                   Borgia
                   ,
                   Dux
                   Gandiae
                
                 4
                 ,
                 
                   Praepositus
                   generalis
                   Societatis
                   Jesu
                
                 3
                 
                   hoc
                   Collegium
                   &
                   hanc
                   Vniversitatem
                   à
                   fundamentis
                   erexit
                
                 A.
                 D.
                 1546.
                 
                 At
                 Cullera
                 the
                 wine
                 first
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 sweet
                 ,
                 and
                 3
                 leagues
                 off
                 at
                 Gandia
                 the
                 Plantations
                 of
                 Sugar-canes
                 began
                 .
                 Q.
                 Whether
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 soil
                 that
                 was
                 fit
                 to
                 nourish
                 the
                 Sugar-canes
                 did
                 not
                 also
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 the
                 Grapes
                 ?
                 At
                 Gandia
                 we
                 first
                 found
                 raisins
                 of
                 the
                 sun
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 called
                 in
                 England
                 )
                 in
                 Spain
                 they
                 call
                 this
                 kind
                 Pansas
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Duracinae
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 all
                 white
                 ,
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 a
                 tougher
                 skin
                 than
                 other
                 Grapes
                 .
                 They
                 gather
                 them
                 when
                 fully
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 dip
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 boiling
                 Lixivium
                 of
                 water
                 and
                 ashes
                 ,
                 just
                 dipping
                 them
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 them
                 out
                 again
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 dry
                 them
                 upon
                 boards
                 in
                 the
                 sun
                 ,
                 taking
                 them
                 in
                 by
                 night
                 or
                 in
                 foul
                 weather
                 .
                 The
                 name
                 Raisin
                 comes
                 from
                 Racemus
                 .
                 Figs
                 are
                 dried
                 just
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 gathered
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 dipt
                 into
                 any
                 lixivium
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 went
                 to
                 Olives
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 and
                 at
                 Gandia
                 are
                 the
                 Engines
                 for
                 Sugar-works
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 are
                 at
                 Olives
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 way
                 we
                 saw
                 the
                 Sugar-canes
                 growing
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 planted
                 in
                 low
                 wet
                 grounds
                 ,
                 well
                 mucked
                 and
                 dressed
                 ,
                 divided
                 into
                 beds
                 or
                 hillocks
                 are
                 furrows
                 .
                 They
                 cut
                 the
                 canes
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 roots
                 in
                 November
                 and
                 December
                 ,
                 and
                 cutting
                 of
                 the
                 slender
                 tops
                 ,
                 which
                 afford
                 no
                 good
                 juice
                 ,
                 keep
                 them
                 under
                 ground
                 till
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 prick
                 them
                 into
                 
                 these
                 hillocks
                 or
                 beds
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 talea
                 or
                 cut
                 shoot
                 4
                 ,
                 5
                 ,
                 or
                 6
                 canes
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 be
                 ripe
                 the
                 next
                 December
                 .
                 The
                 knots
                 or
                 joynts
                 of
                 the
                 cane
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 are
                 very
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 scarce
                 an
                 inch
                 asunder
                 ,
                 but
                 upwards
                 the
                 distance
                 is
                 more
                 as
                 the
                 cane
                 grows
                 slenderer
                 .
                 Within
                 is
                 a
                 white
                 pulp
                 or
                 pith
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 sap
                 ,
                 sweet
                 as
                 honey
                 .
                 They
                 sell
                 them
                 at
                 Gandia
                 to
                 eat
                 ,
                 and
                 cutting
                 them
                 into
                 pieces
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 between
                 two
                 knots
                 ,
                 suck
                 the
                 pieces
                 at
                 both
                 ends
                 .
                 To
                 make
                 sugar
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 canes
                 are
                 cleansed
                 from
                 the
                 tops
                 and
                 leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 into
                 pieces
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 first
                 bruised
                 either
                 with
                 a
                 perpendicular
                 stone
                 running
                 round
                 ,
                 as
                 apples
                 to
                 make
                 cider
                 ,
                 or
                 olives
                 to
                 make
                 oil
                 ;
                 or
                 between
                 two
                 axes
                 strongly
                 capped
                 with
                 iron
                 horizontally
                 placed
                 and
                 turned
                 contrary
                 ways
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 pressed
                 as
                 grapes
                 or
                 olives
                 are
                 .
                 The
                 juice
                 thus
                 pressed
                 out
                 is
                 boiled
                 in
                 three
                 several
                 Cauldrons
                 ,
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 third
                 Cauldron
                 it
                 becomes
                 thick
                 and
                 black
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 then
                 put
                 into
                 conical
                 pots
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 have
                 a
                 little
                 hole
                 stopped
                 only
                 with
                 course
                 and
                 foul
                 sugar
                 ;
                 Mr.
                 Ligon
                 saith
                 with
                 Plantain
                 leaves
                 .
                 These
                 pots
                 are
                 covered
                 when
                 full
                 with
                 a
                 cake
                 of
                 past
                 ,
                 made
                 of
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 earth
                 called
                 in
                 Spanish
                 Gritto
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 near
                 Olives
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 good
                 to
                 take
                 spots
                 out
                 of
                 clothes
                 ,
                 which
                 cap
                 or
                 cover
                 sinks
                 as
                 the
                 sugar
                 sinks
                 .
                 [
                 Mr.
                 Swift
                 told
                 me
                 that
                 the
                 clay
                 they
                 use
                 with
                 us
                 is
                 tobacco-pipe
                 clay
                 ,
                 or
                 very
                 like
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 water
                 in
                 the
                 clay
                 served
                 to
                 wash
                 down
                 and
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 Molossos
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 the
                 clay
                 helps
                 the
                 separation
                 and
                 precipitation
                 of
                 it
                 ]
                 These
                 conical
                 pots
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 other
                 pots
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 hole
                 at
                 the
                 vertex
                 the
                 juice
                 dreins
                 down
                 through
                 the
                 course
                 sugar
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 .
                 It
                 dreins
                 so
                 for
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 moneths
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 sugar
                 in
                 the
                 conical
                 pots
                 grows
                 hard
                 and
                 white
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 juice
                 being
                 either
                 drunk
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 lute
                 ,
                 or
                 run
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 hole
                 at
                 the
                 vertex
                 .
                 This
                 juice
                 is
                 boiled
                 again
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 good
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 last
                 
                 it
                 makes
                 only
                 a
                 foul
                 red
                 sugar
                 that
                 will
                 never
                 be
                 better
                 .
                 The
                 conical
                 loaves
                 of
                 sugar
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 taken
                 out
                 are
                 set
                 to
                 drein
                 over
                 the
                 same
                 pots
                 for
                 14
                 or
                 15
                 days
                 .
                 To
                 make
                 the
                 sugar
                 more
                 white
                 they
                 must
                 boil
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 but
                 about
                 one
                 sixth
                 is
                 lost
                 every
                 time
                 .
                 A
                 pound
                 ,
                 of
                 sugar
                 of
                 12
                 ounces
                 is
                 sold
                 at
                 Olives
                 for
                 three
                 sous
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ;
                 refined
                 for
                 5
                 or
                 6
                 sous
                 .
                 The
                 sugar-juice
                 is
                 strained
                 through
                 strainers
                 of
                 linnen
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 put
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 Cauldron
                 into
                 another
                 .
                 They
                 take
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 second
                 Cauldrons
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 begins
                 to
                 boil
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 Cauldron
                 they
                 let
                 it
                 boil
                 till
                 the
                 scum
                 rises
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 take
                 off
                 only
                 the
                 scum
                 with
                 a
                 scummer
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 a
                 long
                 trough
                 to
                 cool
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 cool
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 conical
                 pots
                 .
                 One
                 scum
                 rises
                 after
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 Cauldron
                 .
                 The
                 scum
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 taken
                 off
                 is
                 white
                 ,
                 but
                 turns
                 to
                 a
                 black
                 liquor
                 in
                 the
                 trough
                 .
                 They
                 never
                 refine
                 the
                 sugar
                 more
                 than
                 3
                 or
                 four
                 times
                 .
                 They
                 use
                 for
                 the
                 refining
                 of
                 it
                 whites
                 of
                 eggs
                 putting
                 in
                 2
                 or
                 3
                 dozen
                 into
                 a
                 Cauldron
                 .
                 They
                 use
                 but
                 one
                 Cauldron
                 for
                 refining
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 is
                 refined
                 it
                 grows
                 white
                 and
                 hard
                 in
                 9
                 or
                 10
                 days
                 .
                 The
                 juice
                 boiled
                 up
                 is
                 eaten
                 with
                 bread
                 tosted
                 as
                 honey
                 :
                 The
                 juice
                 of
                 the
                 refined
                 sugar
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 first
                 juice
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 of
                 Gandia
                 sends
                 presents
                 of
                 this
                 refined
                 juice
                 to
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 refine
                 it
                 they
                 put
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 water
                 into
                 the
                 cauldrons
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 a
                 more
                 exact
                 description
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 process
                 of
                 the
                 Sugar-works
                 ,
                 I
                 refer
                 to
                 Piso
                 in
                 his
                 natural
                 history
                 of
                 Brasil
                 ,
                 and
                 Ligon
                 in
                 his
                 Description
                 of
                 the
                 Barbados
                 .
                 The
                 Sugar
                 of
                 Olives
                 is
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 Sugar
                 of
                 Gandia
                 .
                 At
                 Meuttria
                 in
                 Granada
                 they
                 also
                 make
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Sugar
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 
                   Valence
                   ,
                   Gandia
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 the
                 earth
                 is
                 alwayes
                 wrought
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 lies
                 fallow
                 or
                 idle
                 .
                 They
                 reckon
                 5
                 
                 Raccolta's
                 or
                 crops
                 in
                 one
                 year
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 Of
                 Mulberry
                 leaves
                 for
                 silk
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 Wheat
                 and
                 other
                 European
                 grain
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 
                   Darsi
                   ,
                   i.
                   e.
                   Maiz
                
                 or
                 Indian
                 Wheat
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 Grapes
                 .
                 
                 5.
                 
                 Olives
                 ;
                 and
                 6.
                 at
                 Gandia
                 Sugar-canes
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 wheat
                 is
                 cut
                 they
                 presently
                 sow
                 the
                 Indian
                 Wheat
                 .
                 They
                 complained
                 that
                 lately
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 years
                 together
                 they
                 had
                 very
                 vad
                 Raccolta's
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 rain
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 almost
                 ruin'd
                 Spain
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Benegana
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Chativer
                 six
                 leagues
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 .
                 
                 Chativer
                 is
                 an
                 antient
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 Moors
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 once
                 head
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 little
                 Kingdoms
                 .
                 About
                 a
                 league
                 from
                 the
                 Town
                 began
                 a
                 very
                 remarkable
                 Aquaeduct
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Moors
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 just
                 over
                 a
                 river
                 along
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 hill
                 ,
                 in
                 most
                 places
                 not
                 above
                 a
                 yard
                 or
                 two
                 under
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 funnels
                 just
                 like
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 chimneys
                 to
                 give
                 vent
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 out
                 the
                 water
                 when
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 .
                 The
                 tops
                 of
                 these
                 funnels
                 were
                 made
                 of
                 a
                 red
                 clay
                 and
                 pebble
                 stones
                 .
                 The
                 water
                 came
                 almost
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 in
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 run
                 over
                 but
                 in
                 one
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 in
                 sight
                 of
                 Montesa
                 a
                 castle
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Knights
                 of
                 Montesa
                 that
                 wear
                 a
                 red
                 cross
                 ;
                 
                 Ortenente
                 ,
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 Beobert
                 ,
                 6
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 Near
                 Alicant
                 among
                 the
                 mountains
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 breed
                 of
                 Falcons
                 .
                 
                 In
                 the
                 plains
                 near
                 Alicant
                 grows
                 abundance
                 of
                 
                   Gramen
                   spartum
                   Plinii
                   sive
                   sportularum
                   Officinarum
                   J.
                   B.
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 Matweed
                 ▪
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 frails
                 wherein
                 they
                 put
                 raisins
                 and
                 other
                 fruit
                 are
                 made
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 Spain
                 they
                 call
                 Spar
                 ,
                 at
                 
                   Marseilles
                   Auffe
                
                 .
                 The
                 women
                 heerabout
                 gather
                 abundance
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 steep
                 it
                 in
                 sea-water
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 well
                 softned
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 dry
                 it
                 and
                 carry
                 it
                 by
                 sea
                 to
                 Marseilles
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 sell
                 it
                 at
                 8
                 escus
                 the
                 Milliere
                 :
                 Every
                 Milliere
                 consists
                 of
                 10
                 Packieres
                 ;
                 every
                 Packiere
                 of
                 100
                 Manados
                 or
                 handfuls
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 they
                 make
                 cables
                 for
                 ships
                 ,
                 baskets
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 In
                 this
                 day
                 journey
                 we
                 saw
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 fountains
                 covered
                 with
                 long
                 arches
                 ▪
                 to
                 hinder
                 them
                 from
                 being
                 dried
                 up
                 .
                 We
                 passed
                 
                   Elda
                   ;
                   Novelda
                   ,
                   Aspe
                   ,
                   Clavillente
                   ,
                   Albitella
                   ,
                
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Orivola
                 ,
                 11
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
               
                 We
                 came
                 to
                 Murcia
                 ,
                 
                 4
                 leagues
                 .
                 Near
                 Orivola
                 (
                 which
                 City
                 is
                 an
                 Episcopal
                 Sea
                 )
                 we
                 observed
                 many
                 Turpentine-trees
                 ,
                 some
                 in
                 flower
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 with
                 ripe
                 berries
                 .
                 Near
                 Elda
                 they
                 dig
                 up
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Selenite
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 burn
                 and
                 put
                 into
                 wine
                 to
                 clarifie
                 it
                 .
                 About
                 a
                 league
                 from
                 Orivola
                 began
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Murcia
                 ;
                 two
                 leagues
                 from
                 Orivola
                 we
                 were
                 fain
                 to
                 give
                 money
                 to
                 avoid
                 searching
                 .
                 Murcia
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 denomination
                 to
                 this
                 Kingdom
                 is
                 a
                 pitiful
                 desolate
                 Town
                 .
                 The
                 Fish-market
                 heer
                 is
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 cage
                 or
                 grate
                 as
                 at
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 the
                 people
                 crowding
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 thrusting
                 in
                 their
                 baskets
                 as
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 through
                 a
                 miserable
                 desolate
                 Countrey
                 to
                 Mula
                 ,
                 
                 7
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 through
                 Caravacca
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 they
                 drive
                 a
                 great
                 trade
                 of
                 making
                 little
                 crosses
                 of
                 silver
                 ,
                 brass
                 ,
                 wood
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 After
                 that
                 Pilgrims
                 ,
                 Travellers
                 ,
                 &c.
                 have
                 bought
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 carry
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 to
                 touch
                 them
                 by
                 a
                 famous
                 Cross
                 ,
                 which
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 fabulous
                 Legend
                 descended
                 miraculously
                 from
                 heaven
                 ,
                 which
                 forsooth
                 infuses
                 a
                 wonderful
                 virtue
                 into
                 them
                 .
                 We
                 lay
                 this
                 night
                 at
                 an
                 odd
                 house
                 four
                 leagues
                 off
                 Caravacca
                 ,
                 having
                 travelled
                 in
                 all
                 ten
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 
                   Venta
                   nova
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Huesca
                 ,
                 8
                 leagues
                 .
                 At
                 Huesca
                 we
                 first
                 saw
                 a
                 yellowish
                 white
                 wine
                 like
                 sack
                 .
                 The
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Granada
                 began
                 about
                 4
                 leagues
                 before
                 we
                 came
                 to
                 Huesca
                 .
                 The
                 town
                 of
                 Huesca
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Alva
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Basa
                 and
                 rested
                 at
                 Venta
                 ,
                 
                 8
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 to
                 Guadix
                 ,
                 
                 an
                 Episcopal
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 ancient
                 Roman
                 Colony
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 gates
                 we
                 took
                 notice
                 of
                 this
                 inscription
                 .
                 
                   Recepit
                   Colonia
                   Accitana
                   Gemeliensis
                   provinciae
                   caput
                   prima
                   omnium
                   Hispanicarum
                   fidem
                   Christi
                   Jesu
                   ,
                   rejectis
                   idolis
                   ,
                   evangelizantibus
                   sanctis
                   Torcato
                   &
                   sociis
                   ,
                   Anno
                   salutis
                
                 70
                 ,
                 
                   Pontificatùs
                   S.
                   Petri
                
                 37
                 ,
                 
                   imperii
                   Neronis
                
                 13.
                 
                 
                   Vrbs
                   Accis
                   patrono
                   suo
                   sanctissimo
                   D.
                   D.
                
                 1593.
                 
              
               
               
                 Honorati
                 sunt
                 Amici
                 tui
                 Deus
                 .
                 
                   Colonia
                   Accitana
                
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 to
                 Granada
                 6
                 leagues
                 distant
                 from
                 Desinos
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 we
                 lodged
                 the
                 night
                 before
                 .
                 Heer
                 we
                 saw
                 the
                 Castle
                 called
                 
                   La
                   Lhambra
                
                 ,
                 the
                 seat
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Granada
                 .
                 Within
                 the
                 walls
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 live
                 abundance
                 of
                 people
                 which
                 dare
                 not
                 live
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 for
                 debt
                 or
                 other
                 causes
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 a
                 fair
                 Palace
                 begun
                 by
                 Charles
                 V
                 and
                 yet
                 unfinished
                 :
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 square
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 is
                 round
                 within
                 ,
                 having
                 two
                 rows
                 of
                 Cloysters
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Court.
                 Adjoyning
                 to
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 antient
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Granada
                 :
                 within
                 there
                 is
                 all
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 of
                 Moresco-work
                 wrought
                 in
                 mortar
                 and
                 stone
                 with
                 gold
                 and
                 painting
                 .
                 The
                 Cloysters
                 are
                 supported
                 by
                 long
                 slender
                 pillars
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Palace
                 is
                 an
                 octagonal
                 Chamber
                 vaulted
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 with
                 8
                 doors
                 ,
                 one
                 in
                 every
                 side
                 .
                 If
                 one
                 stand
                 in
                 one
                 angle
                 and
                 whisper
                 to
                 another
                 that
                 stands
                 in
                 the
                 angle
                 diametrically
                 opposite
                 ,
                 the
                 voice
                 is
                 conveyed
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 the
                 whispering
                 place
                 at
                 Glocester
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 you
                 stand
                 in
                 an
                 angle
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 diametrically
                 opposite
                 you
                 hear
                 nothing
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 conveying
                 the
                 voice
                 is
                 the
                 vault
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 corners
                 being
                 streightned
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 angle
                 or
                 channel
                 .
                 In
                 Granada
                 are
                 two
                 great
                 Market-places
                 ,
                 one
                 called
                 
                   Plassa
                   nova
                
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 
                   de
                   villa
                   Rambla
                
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 great
                 Church
                 are
                 two
                 Monuments
                 ,
                 one
                 for
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Isabella
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 inscription
                 ,
                 
                   Mahometicae
                   sectae
                   prostratores
                   ,
                   Haereticae
                   pervicaciae
                   extinctores
                   ,
                   Fernandus
                   Aragonum
                   &
                   Helisabetha
                   Castellae
                   ,
                   vir
                   &
                   axor
                   unanimes
                   ,
                   Catholici
                   appellati
                   marmoreo
                   clauduntur
                   hoc
                   tumulo
                   .
                
                 The
                 other
                 is
                 of
                 Philippus
                 I
                 ,
                 and
                 Joanna
                 ,
                 daughter
                 and
                 heir
                 of
                 Ferdinand
                 and
                 Isabella
                 without
                 an
                 inscription
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 river
                 Daro
                 that
                 runs
                 by
                 Granada
                 they
                 find
                 gold
                 among
                 the
                 sand
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mountains
                 of
                 
                   Sierra
                   neveda
                
                 near
                 Granada
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 minerals
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 looked
                 after
                 .
                 Near
                 Motril
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Cap●
                   di
                   Gatto
                
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Mine
                 of
                 Granates
                 covered
                 with
                 
                 the
                 sea
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 pointed
                 as
                 Amethysts
                 and
                 Crystal
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 best
                 come
                 from
                 Africa
                 .
                 We
                 saw
                 that
                 day
                 Montesacro
                 ,
                 a
                 place
                 within
                 half
                 a
                 league
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 of
                 great
                 devotion
                 .
                 In
                 
                   Castile
                   ,
                   Granada
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 the
                 greater
                 Cities
                 have
                 a
                 Corregidore
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lesser
                 an
                 Alcayde
                 ,
                 who
                 administer
                 justice
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 appointed
                 and
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 govern
                 the
                 Towns.
                 All
                 over
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Castile
                 they
                 eat
                 flesh
                 upon
                 Saturdays
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 only
                 Fridays
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 left
                 Granada
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 passing
                 by
                 
                   Santa
                   Fede
                
                 ,
                 travelled
                 to
                 Lotta
                 ,
                 8
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 Lotta
                 we
                 were
                 troubled
                 with
                 soldiers
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 the
                 frontiers
                 of
                 Portugal
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 their
                 winter
                 Quarters
                 .
                 
                 There
                 had
                 been
                 of
                 this
                 party
                 2600
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 summer
                 at
                 Alcantara
                 they
                 were
                 reduced
                 to
                 900
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 being
                 slain
                 ,
                 or
                 dead
                 of
                 diseases
                 .
                 We
                 passed
                 this
                 day
                 by
                 
                   Archidona
                   ,
                   Lalameda
                   ,
                   Larouda
                
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Pedrera
                 ,
                 10
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Ossuna
                 ,
                 
                 
                   La
                   Pobla
                
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Elazabal
                 ,
                 10
                 leagues
                 .
                 This
                 Countrey
                 was
                 the
                 best
                 we
                 saw
                 since
                 we
                 came
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 the
                 land
                 being
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 well
                 planted
                 and
                 cultivated
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Gandula
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 arrived
                 at
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 7
                 leagues
                 .
                 Between
                 Gandula
                 and
                 Sevil
                 there
                 are
                 abundance
                 of
                 Olive-trees
                 .
                 Heer
                 we
                 first
                 saw
                 the
                 greater
                 sort
                 of
                 Olives
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 usually
                 eaten
                 in
                 England
                 for
                 a
                 sallet
                 ,
                 called
                 the
                 great
                 Spanish
                 Olive
                 ;
                 all
                 that
                 we
                 had
                 seen
                 in
                 Italy
                 or
                 in
                 Spain
                 before
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 lesser
                 sort
                 .
                 Here
                 is
                 a
                 brave
                 Aqueduct
                 of
                 brick
                 ,
                 which
                 conveys
                 water
                 from
                 Carmona
                 ,
                 six
                 leagues
                 distant
                 :
                 under
                 the
                 Arches
                 there
                 are
                 Stalactites
                 ,
                 as
                 at
                 the
                 Aqueduct
                 of
                 Pisa
                 .
                 The
                 Gallions
                 bring
                 nothing
                 home
                 from
                 the
                 West-Indies
                 but
                 Plate
                 ,
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ships
                 are
                 loaden
                 with
                 leather
                 ,
                 Cacao
                 ,
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 
                   Lana
                   di
                   Vigonna
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Cacao
                 Nut
                 they
                 make
                 Chocolate
                 thus
                 ;
                 First
                 they
                 tost
                 the
                 berries
                 to
                 get
                 off
                 the
                 husk
                 ,
                 then
                 pound
                 the
                 kernels
                 to
                 powder
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 every
                 
                   Miliao
                   ,
                   i.
                   e.
                
                 3
                 pound
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 powder
                 they
                 
                 add
                 and
                 mingle
                 two
                 pound
                 of
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 12
                 Vanillas
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 Pimentone
                 or
                 Guiny
                 Pepper
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 used
                 by
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 only
                 )
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 Acchiote
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 colour
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 two
                 last
                 may
                 be
                 omitted
                 .
                 They
                 melt
                 the
                 Sugar
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 mingle
                 all
                 well
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 work
                 it
                 up
                 either
                 in
                 rolls
                 or
                 loaves
                 .
              
               
                 Sevil
                 
                   hath
                   of
                   late
                   decayed
                   very
                   much
                   ,
                   and
                   doth
                   continually
                   decay
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   ,
                   the
                   trading
                   being
                   most
                   removed
                   to
                
                 Cales
                 ;
                 
                   the
                   reason
                   whereof
                   is
                   because
                   they
                   pay
                   about
                
                 27
                 per
                 cent
                 .
                 
                   for
                   all
                   merchandises
                   at
                
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   but
                
                 4
                 or
                 5
                 per
                 cent
                 .
                 at
                 Cales
                 .
                 
                   The
                   chief
                   places
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   in
                
                 Sevil
                 are
                 1.
                 
                 
                   The
                   great
                   Church
                
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Kings
                   or
                   Assistants
                   Palace
                
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Archbishops
                   Palace
                
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Steeple
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Church
                   ,
                   like
                   Saint
                
                 Marks
                 
                   Tower
                   at
                
                 Venice
                 ,
                 
                   which
                   you
                   ascend
                   almost
                   to
                   the
                   top
                   without
                   stairs
                   ,
                   by
                   gently
                   inclining
                   plains
                   .
                
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Franciscan
                 Covent
                 .
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 Longha
                 ,
                 
                   where
                   the
                   Merchants
                   meet
                   about
                   the
                   affairs
                   of
                   the
                   flote
                   .
                
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 Convent
                 of
                 Nostredame
                 del
                 peuple
                 .
                 8.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Bridge
                   of
                   boats
                   over
                   the
                
                 Guadalquivir
                 i.
                 e.
                 
                   the
                   river
                
                 Baetis
                 .
                 
                   The
                   Town
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   this
                   river
                   is
                   called
                
                 Triana
                 .
                 9.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Inquisition
                   or
                   Castle
                   of
                
                 Triana
                 
                   just
                   over
                   the
                   Bridge
                
                 .
                 10.
                 
                 
                   An
                   old
                   Tower
                   ,
                   called
                
                 Torre
                 d'oro
                 ,
                 
                   where
                   St.
                
                 Ferdinand
                 
                   that
                   recovered
                
                 Sevil
                 
                   kept
                   money
                   made
                   of
                   leather
                
                 .
                 11.
                 
                 
                   The
                   Aqueduct
                
                 .
                 12.
                 
                 
                   The
                   old
                   Palace
                   and
                   Garden
                   of
                   the
                   Moors
                   .
                   Near
                   the
                   Bridge
                   along
                   the
                   river
                   side
                   they
                   come
                   every
                   night
                   with
                   their
                   Coaches
                   to
                   take
                   the
                
                 fresco
                 .
                 
                   In
                   the
                   great
                   Church
                   between
                   two
                   Altars
                   are
                   three
                   Monuments
                   for
                   St.
                
                 Ferdinand
                 
                   the
                   wise
                   ,
                   his
                   wife
                
                 Beatrice
                 
                   and
                   his
                   son
                
                 Alphonsus
                 .
                 
                   The
                   same
                   Epitaph
                   in
                
                 Hebrew
                 ,
                 Arabic
                 ,
                 Greek
                 ,
                 and
                 Latin.
                 Hîc
                 jacet
                 illustrissimus
                 Rex
                 Fernandus
                 Castelliae
                 &
                 Toleti
                 ,
                 Legionis
                 ,
                 Galliciae
                 ,
                 Sibillae
                 ,
                 Cordubae
                 ,
                 Murciae
                 ,
                 &
                 Jaheni
                 ,
                 qui
                 totam
                 Hispaniam
                 conquisivit
                 ,
                 fidelissimus
                 ,
                 veracissimus
                 ,
                 constantissimus
                 ,
                 justissimus
                 ,
                 strenuissimus
                 ,
                 detentissimus
                 ,
                 liberalissimus
                 ,
                 patientissimus
                 ,
                 piissimus
                 ,
                 humillimus
                 ,
                 in
                 timore
                 &
                 servitio
                 
                 Dei
                 efficacissimus
                 ;
                 qui
                 contrivit
                 &
                 exterminavit
                 penitus
                 hostium
                 suorum
                 proterviam
                 ;
                 qui
                 sublimavit
                 &
                 exaltavit
                 omnes
                 amicos
                 suos
                 ,
                 qui
                 civitatem
                 Hispalem
                 quae
                 caput
                 est
                 &
                 metropolis
                 totius
                 Hispaniae
                 de
                 manibus
                 cripuit
                 paganorum
                 ,
                 &
                 cultui
                 restituit
                 Christiano
                 ;
                 ubi
                 solvens
                 naturae
                 debitum
                 ad
                 Dominum
                 transmigravit
                 ultima
                 die
                 Maii
                 ,
                 Anno
                 ab
                 incarnatione
                 Domini
                 1252.
                 
                 
                   In
                   the
                   same
                   Church
                   is
                
                 Fernandus
                 Columbus
                 Christopher
                 Columbus
                 
                   his
                   Son
                   buried
                   ,
                   with
                   this
                   Epitaph
                   .
                
                 A
                 qui
                 jace
                 el
                 mucho
                 magnifico
                 signor
                 Don
                 Hernando
                 Colon
                 .
                 el
                 quel
                 expleo
                 y
                 gasto
                 toda
                 su
                 vida
                 y
                 facenda
                 en
                 aumento
                 di
                 los
                 Lettras
                 y
                 en
                 juntar
                 y
                 perpetuar
                 en
                 esta
                 cividad
                 todos
                 los
                 libros
                 di
                 todas
                 las
                 sciencias
                 qui
                 in
                 su
                 tempo
                 hallo
                 y
                 en
                 ridurlos
                 à
                 quatro
                 libros
                 segun
                 estan
                 à
                 qui
                 s●n
                 ilados
                 .
                 Fallescio
                 en
                 esta
                 cividad
                 à
                 12
                 di
                 Julio
                 1532.
                 
                 An.
                 de
                 .
                 su
                 edad
                 50
                 an
                 .
                 10
                 meses
                 &
                 14
                 dies
                 .
                 Fue
                 Hyio
                 del
                 valoroso
                 &
                 memorabile
                 Signor
                 Don
                 Christophoro
                 Colon
                 .
                 primicro
                 Admirante
                 qui
                 descubio
                 las
                 Indias
                 y
                 nuevo
                 mondo
                 ,
                 en
                 vida
                 di
                 los
                 Catholicos
                 Reys
                 Don
                 Fernando
                 y
                 Donna
                 Isabella
                 di
                 gloriosa
                 memoria
                 ,
                 à
                 onze
                 de
                 Ottobre
                 dy
                 mill
                 quatrocentos
                 y
                 noventa
                 ,
                 y
                 dos
                 annos
                 ,
                 y
                 partio
                 del
                 puerto
                 de
                 Palos
                 à
                 descubrirlas
                 con
                 tres
                 Carabelas
                 y
                 noventa
                 personas
                 à
                 tres
                 de
                 Agosto……
                 .
                 iuntes……
                 .
                 y
                 bolbio
                 à
                 Castilla
                 con
                 la
                 vittoria
                 à
                 quattro
                 di
                 Marzo
                 del
                 anno
                 siguente
                 ,
                 y
                 torno
                 despues
                 otras
                 dos
                 vezes
                 a
                 poblar
                 lequale
                 scubri●
                 ,
                 y
                 al
                 sin
                 fallescio
                 à
                 Valladolid
                 à
                 vente
                 de
                 Maio
                 de
                 mill
                 y
                 quincentos
                 y
                 seys
                 annos
                 ,
                 Rogad
                 al
                 Sennor
                 por
                 ellos
                 .
              
               
                 Chocolate
                 is
                 sold
                 at
                 Sevil
                 for
                 something
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 eight
                 the
                 pound
                 .
                 Vanillas
                 which
                 they
                 mingle
                 with
                 the
                 Cacao
                 to
                 make
                 Chocolate
                 for
                 a
                 
                   Real
                   di
                   Plato
                   .
                   Acchiote
                
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 mingle
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ingredients
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 colour
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 red
                 earth
                 brought
                 from
                 
                   New
                   Spain
                
                 ,
                 wrought
                 up
                 into
                 cakes
                 it
                 is
                 sold
                 for
                 a
                 
                   Real
                   di
                   plato
                
                 the
                 ounce
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 oil
                 and
                 wine
                 they
                 have
                 in
                 the
                 West-Indies
                 goes
                 from
                 Spain
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 being
                 permitted
                 to
                 plant
                 Vines
                 or
                 Olive-trees
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 always
                 have
                 a
                 
                 dependence
                 upon
                 Spain
                 .
                 At
                 and
                 near
                 Sevil
                 we
                 paid
                 two
                 
                   Reals
                   de
                   quarto
                
                 a
                 bed
                 ;
                 bread
                 ,
                 wine
                 flesh
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Commodities
                 excessive
                 dear
                 ,
                 excepting
                 only
                 Olives
                 and
                 Pomegranates
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 better
                 heer
                 than
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 There
                 had
                 lately
                 been
                 a
                 great
                 plague
                 in
                 Sevil
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 very
                 much
                 depopulated
                 and
                 impoverished
                 ,
                 indeed
                 almost
                 rained
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 set
                 out
                 from
                 Sevil
                 towards
                 Madrid
                 :
                 
                 the
                 first
                 day
                 we
                 travelled
                 to
                 Carmona
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Aqueduct
                 forementioned
                 begins
                 ,
                 6
                 leagues
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 which
                 way
                 we
                 saw
                 no
                 houses
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Aloe-trees
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 
                   Les
                   fontes
                
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Euia
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 great
                 Town
                 of
                 above
                 20000
                 inhabitants
                 .
                 Between
                 Carmona
                 and
                 Euia
                 is
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 corn
                 and
                 olive
                 trees
                 .
                 Ossiuna
                 is
                 within
                 4
                 leagues
                 of
                 Euia
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Ossuna
                 hoth
                 a
                 palace
                 .
                 We
                 travelled
                 this
                 day
                 9
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 over
                 the
                 river
                 Xenil
                 that
                 runs
                 into
                 Guadalquivir
                 ,
                 
                 baited
                 at
                 Arrasith
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 Cordova
                 ,
                 8
                 leagues
                 ,
                 About
                 a
                 league
                 from
                 Cordova
                 we
                 passed
                 another
                 little
                 river
                 that
                 runs
                 into
                 Guadalquivir
                 .
                 Before
                 we
                 entred
                 Cordova
                 we
                 rode
                 over
                 a
                 great
                 stone-bridge
                 that
                 heer
                 crosses
                 the
                 Guadalquivir
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 bridge
                 stands
                 a
                 statue
                 erected
                 to
                 the
                 Angel
                 Raphael
                 with
                 this
                 inscription
                 .
              
               
                 Beatissimo
                 Raphaeli
                 Angelorum
                 proceri
                 ,
                 custodi
                 suo
                 vigilantissimo
                 ,
                 qui
                 ante
                 annos
                 300
                 sub
                 Paschali
                 antistite
                 ,
                 populum
                 peste
                 depopulante
                 se
                 medicum
                 tantae
                 cladis
                 futurum
                 praedixit
                 ,
                 qui
                 subinde
                 Anno
                 1578
                 ,
                 venerabili
                 Presbytero
                 Andreae
                 de
                 Cas
                 Roelas
                 S.
                 S.
                 M.
                 M.
                 exuvias
                 evulgavit
                 ,
                 &
                 tandem
                 patefecit
                 Cordubensium
                 tutelam
                 sibi
                 à
                 Deo
                 demum
                 datam
                 .
                 Quare
                 ut
                 justa
                 gratitudo
                 diu
                 staret
                 S.
                 P.
                 Q.
                 Cordubensis
                 hanc
                 lapideam
                 statuam
                 cautus
                 &
                 pius
                 erexit
                 ,
                 multâ
                 procuratione
                 Domini
                 Josephi
                 de
                 Valdeanas
                 &
                 Herera
                 &
                 Domini
                 Gundesalvi
                 
                 de
                 Cea
                 &
                 Rios
                 Senatorum
                 ,
                 Pontifice
                 Innocente
                 X
                 ,
                 Hispan
                 .
                 rege
                 Philippo
                 IV
                 ,
                 Episcopo
                 Domino
                 Fratre
                 Petro
                 de
                 Tapia
                 ,
                 Praetore
                 Domino
                 Alphonso
                 de
                 flores
                 &
                 monte
                 negro
                 :
                 Anno
                 1651.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 most
                 considerable
                 places
                 in
                 Cordova
                 are
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Bishops
                 Palace
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Cavallerisca
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 King
                 keeps
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 horses
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 ruines
                 of
                 
                 Almansor's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 the
                 last
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Moors
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 Plassa
                 di
                 Corridera
                 :
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Church
                 of
                 the
                 Augustine
                 Freres
                 .
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 great
                 Church
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 anciently
                 a
                 Mosque
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 large
                 but
                 very
                 low
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 rows
                 of
                 pillars
                 in
                 a
                 quadrate
                 order
                 ,
                 16
                 rows
                 one
                 way
                 and
                 30
                 another
                 .
                 Upon
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 pillars
                 are
                 Moors
                 heads
                 carved
                 in
                 the
                 stone
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 or
                 two
                 with
                 turbants
                 on
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 this
                 Church
                 is
                 the
                 great
                 Chappel
                 where
                 are
                 several
                 Bishops
                 interred
                 .
                 In
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Chappels
                 that
                 is
                 now
                 dedicated
                 to
                 S.
                 Peter
                 in
                 the
                 Moors
                 time
                 was
                 kept
                 a
                 thigh
                 of
                 Mahomet
                 :
                 Round
                 about
                 the
                 cornish
                 of
                 this
                 Chappel
                 and
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 next
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 Arabic
                 inscription
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 complain
                 grievously
                 that
                 Cordova
                 is
                 quite
                 ruined
                 and
                 undone
                 by
                 Gabels
                 and
                 taxes
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 left
                 Cordova
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 league
                 or
                 two
                 riding
                 entred
                 the
                 
                   Sierra
                   Morena
                
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 miserable
                 desolate
                 mountainous
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 lodged
                 at
                 a
                 little
                 village
                 called
                 Adamus
                 ;
                 6
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 all
                 day
                 through
                 the
                 
                   Sierra
                   Morena
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 a
                 village
                 called
                 
                   La
                   conquista
                
                 ;
                 9
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 days
                 journey
                 we
                 saw
                 abundance
                 of
                 galls
                 upon
                 the
                 Ilices
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 of
                 like
                 bigness
                 ,
                 figure
                 ,
                 colour
                 ,
                 consistency
                 and
                 other
                 accidents
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 grow
                 upon
                 Oaks
                 .
                 This
                 day
                 we
                 first
                 met
                 with
                 red
                 wine
                 again
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 
                   Vino
                   tinto
                
                 .
                 We
                 got
                 safe
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Sierra
                   Morena
                
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 
                   Almedovar
                   del
                   campo
                
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Lougar
                 ,
                 9
                 leagues
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 middle
                 
                 of
                 
                   Sierra
                   Morena
                
                 are
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 
                   Castilia
                   nova
                
                 and
                 Andaluzia
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Caraquol
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Cividad
                   real
                
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Malagon
                 ,
                 10
                 leagues
                 .
                 Between
                 Malagon
                 and
                 
                   Cividad
                   real
                
                 we
                 passed
                 over
                 the
                 river
                 Anas
                 now
                 called
                 Guadiana
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 there
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 brook
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 days
                 journey
                 we
                 met
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 great
                 flocks
                 of
                 sheep
                 and
                 goats
                 going
                 towards
                 the
                 
                   Sierra
                   Morena
                
                 out
                 of
                 Castile
                 :
                 it
                 being
                 the
                 custom
                 all
                 Summer
                 to
                 feed
                 their
                 sheep
                 upon
                 the
                 mountains
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Winter
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Sierra
                   Morena
                
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 the
                 ruines
                 of
                 an
                 Aqueduct
                 about
                 4
                 leagues
                 from
                 Malagon
                 ,
                 
                 then
                 Yvenas
                 a
                 good
                 big
                 lougar
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Orgas
                 ;
                 10
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 through
                 Toledo
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Esquinas
                 11
                 leagues
                 .
                 
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 ever
                 we
                 were
                 passed
                 the
                 
                   Sierra
                   Morena
                
                 we
                 felt
                 a
                 great
                 change
                 of
                 weather
                 ,
                 the
                 warm
                 air
                 that
                 comes
                 from
                 Afric
                 and
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 Sea
                 being
                 stopped
                 by
                 the
                 interposition
                 of
                 the
                 mountains
                 This
                 day
                 there
                 was
                 heer
                 a
                 hard
                 frost
                 and
                 pretty
                 thick
                 ice
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 considerable
                 things
                 in
                 Toledo
                 are
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 bridge
                 over
                 Tagus
                 consisting
                 of
                 but
                 two
                 arches
                 ,
                 one
                 great
                 one
                 and
                 one
                 little
                 one
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 shambles
                 ,
                 where
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 coldness
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 I
                 saw
                 abundance
                 of
                 flies
                 ,
                 which
                 confutes
                 the
                 story
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 great
                 fly
                 there
                 all
                 the
                 year
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 great
                 Church
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 monuments
                 of
                 Bishops
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 inscriptions
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Capella
                   maggior
                
                 lie
                 interred
                 two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Capella
                   de
                   los
                   Res
                
                 four
                 Kings
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Kings
                 palace
                 .
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 ruines
                 of
                 a
                 famous
                 Engine
                 to
                 raise
                 up
                 water
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 Palace
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 so
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 remaining
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 thence
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 all
                 the
                 contrivance
                 and
                 intrigue
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Between
                 Toledo
                 and
                 Madrid
                 the
                 Countrey
                 is
                 very
                 populous
                 and
                 the
                 soil
                 very
                 good
                 .
                 All
                 along
                 the
                 road
                 from
                 Sevil
                 to
                 Madrid
                 the
                 common
                 fare
                 is
                 Rabbets
                 ,
                 red-leg'd
                 Partridges
                 and
                 Eggs
                 :
                 which
                 are
                 sufficiently
                 dear
                 .
              
               
               
                 We
                 arrived
                 at
                 Madrid
                 ;
                 
                 6
                 leagues
                 near
                 the
                 Town
                 we
                 passed
                 over
                 the
                 river
                 
                   Xarante
                   .
                   Madrid
                
                 is
                 very
                 populous
                 ,
                 well
                 built
                 with
                 good
                 brick
                 houses
                 ,
                 many
                 having
                 glass
                 windows
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 worth
                 the
                 noting
                 ,
                 because
                 you
                 shall
                 scarce
                 see
                 any
                 in
                 all
                 Spain
                 besides
                 .
                 The
                 streets
                 are
                 very
                 foul
                 and
                 nasty
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 one
                 very
                 fair
                 piazza
                 or
                 market
                 place
                 ,
                 encompassed
                 round
                 with
                 tall
                 an
                 uniform
                 houses
                 ,
                 having
                 5
                 rows
                 of
                 Balconies
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 underneath
                 porticos
                 or
                 cloysters
                 quite
                 round
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 Madrid
                 are
                 ,
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Prison
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Piazza
                 just
                 now
                 mentioned
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Kings
                 Chappel
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 Palaces
                 of
                 several
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Alva
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   Medina
                   de
                   los
                   Torres
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Kings
                 palace
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 Kings
                 Cavallerisca
                 and
                 the
                 Queens
                 Cavallerisca
                 .
                 6.
                 
                 A
                 great
                 piazza
                 before
                 the
                 palace
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 abundance
                 of
                 coaches
                 always
                 attending
                 .
                 7.
                 
                 The
                 English
                 College
                 of
                 Theatines
                 .
                 8.
                 
                 
                   Il
                   retiro
                
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 the
                 Escurial
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   El
                   Pardo
                
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 set
                 out
                 from
                 Madrid
                 for
                 Port
                 
                   S.
                   Sebastian
                
                 .
                 
                 We
                 passed
                 within
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Escurial
                 and
                 
                   El
                   Pardo
                
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 that
                 night
                 at
                 
                   S.
                   Augustin
                
                 ;
                 6
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Butrago
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Samoserra
                 ,
                 
                 all
                 the
                 way
                 a
                 barren
                 ,
                 miserable
                 ,
                 mountainous
                 Country
                 ;
                 11
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Frecedille
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Aranda
                 having
                 crossed
                 the
                 river
                 Durius
                 or
                 Duero
                 ;
                 
                 11
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Bahalon
                 and
                 Lerma
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 is
                 a
                 Convent
                 of
                 Dominican
                 Freres
                 and
                 a
                 palace
                 of
                 the
                 Duke
                 or
                 
                 Lerma's
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 that
                 night
                 to
                 Burgos
                 ;
                 12
                 leagues
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 considerable
                 things
                 in
                 Burgos
                 are
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 bridge
                 over
                 the
                 river
                 Relarzon
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 gate
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 bridge
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 the
                 statues
                 of
                 Charles
                 V
                 ;
                 of
                 
                   Janus
                   Calvus
                
                 ;
                 of
                 
                   Diego
                   Porcellero
                
                 :
                 of
                 
                   Fernandez
                   Gonsales
                
                 :
                 of
                 
                   Nunio
                   Pasures
                
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Don
                   Carlotte
                
                 ,
                 all
                 famous
                 men
                 of
                 Burgos
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 market-place
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 great
                 Church
                 in
                 which
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 monuments
                 of
                 Bishops
                 and
                 Canons
                 ,
                 two
                 great
                 
                 monuments
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Pedro
                   Fernando
                   di
                   Velasco
                
                 ,
                 Constable
                 of
                 Castile
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Wife
                 
                   Mencia
                   di
                   Mendoza
                
                 Countess
                 of
                 Haro
                 .
                 This
                 night
                 we
                 lodged
                 at
                 Quintora-vides
                 ;
                 5
                 leagues
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Pancorva
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 place
                 very
                 famous
                 for
                 good
                 water
                 ,
                 Miranda
                 a
                 great
                 Town
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 good
                 bridge
                 over
                 the
                 river
                 Iberus
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 we
                 passed
                 over
                 two
                 other
                 rivers
                 Baias
                 and
                 Sadurra
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Erminian
                 ;
                 11
                 leagues
                 At
                 Miranda
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 market
                 for
                 wheat
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 travelled
                 to
                 Vittoria
                 .
                 
                 Over
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 gates
                 is
                 the
                 statue
                 of
                 King
                 Bamba
                 ,
                 and
                 inscribed
                 in
                 gold
                 letters
                 ,
                 
                   Haec
                   est
                   victoria
                   quae
                   vincit
                
                 ;
                 4
                 leagues
                 .
                 Vittoria
                 is
                 the
                 chief
                 City
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 Countrey
                 called
                 Alaba
                 .
                 We
                 passed
                 this
                 day
                 by
                 Salines
                 the
                 first
                 Town
                 of
                 Guipuscoa
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Aescurias
                 ;
                 9
                 leagues
                 .
                 In
                 Guipuscoa
                 they
                 pay
                 no
                 taxes
                 or
                 other
                 duties
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 without
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Province
                 is
                 more
                 commonly
                 called
                 Provincia
                 than
                 Guipuscoa
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 cantoned
                 out
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Corporations
                 and
                 Villages
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 send
                 1
                 ,
                 2
                 or
                 3
                 Representatives
                 to
                 the
                 general
                 meeting
                 when
                 there
                 is
                 any
                 public
                 business
                 .
                 All
                 offices
                 are
                 annual
                 ,
                 and
                 chosen
                 diversly
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 differing
                 customs
                 of
                 the
                 Towns.
                 The
                 chief
                 Officer
                 in
                 each
                 town
                 to
                 determine
                 all
                 civil
                 and
                 criminal
                 causes
                 is
                 the
                 Alcalda
                 ;
                 but
                 from
                 him
                 they
                 may
                 appeal
                 to
                 the
                 Governour
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 every
                 third
                 year
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Governour
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 Council
                 at
                 Valladolid
                 .
                 Next
                 to
                 the
                 Alcalda
                 are
                 2
                 Regidores
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 the
                 prices
                 of
                 all
                 commodities
                 ;
                 a
                 Bolser
                 for
                 the
                 treasury
                 ;
                 a
                 Medino
                 for
                 the
                 prison
                 ,
                 Argozils
                 or
                 Serjeants
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 They
                 boast
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 walls
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 have
                 many
                 priviledges
                 .
                 Guipuscoa
                 is
                 under
                 the
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Pampelona
                 .
                 In
                 Guipuscoa
                 and
                 Biscay
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 peculiar
                 language
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 send
                 their
                 children
                 to
                 School
                 to
                 learn
                 Spanish
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 
                 they
                 call
                 Romance
                 )
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 ours
                 to
                 learn
                 Latin.
                 The
                 Searchers
                 having
                 hindred
                 us
                 we
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 travel
                 great
                 way
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 .
                 We
                 were
                 lighted
                 by
                 Tias
                 or
                 Teas
                 ,
                 which
                 burnt
                 as
                 well
                 and
                 gave
                 as
                 good
                 a
                 light
                 as
                 torches
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 went
                 out
                 they
                 tossed
                 them
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 which
                 kindled
                 them
                 again
                 .
                 These
                 Teas
                 (
                 so
                 called
                 doubtless
                 from
                 the
                 Latin
                 word
                 taeda
                 )
                 are
                 very
                 commonly
                 used
                 in
                 this
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 bastons
                 of
                 wood
                 hacked
                 and
                 cleft
                 ,
                 (
                 but
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 pieces
                 hang
                 together
                 )
                 and
                 afterwards
                 soundly
                 dried
                 in
                 an
                 Oven
                 or
                 Chimney
                 .
                 Along
                 the
                 middle
                 they
                 use
                 to
                 cleave
                 them
                 almost
                 quite
                 asunder
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 wood
                 ,
                 of
                 Robla
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Oak
                 ,
                 Aiga
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 but
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 Avellana
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Hazel
                 .
                 
                   I
                   wonder
                   much
                   at
                   this
                   ,
                   unless
                   they
                   have
                   some
                   way
                   of
                   preparing
                   the
                   wood
                   ,
                   by
                   steeping
                   it
                   in
                   oil
                   or
                   other
                   inflammable
                   matter
                   .
                   The
                   taedae
                   of
                   the
                   Ancients
                   were
                   made
                   only
                   of
                   the
                   trunks
                   of
                   old
                   and
                   sappy
                   pines
                   .
                
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 by
                 Mondragone
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 fabrica
                 of
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 
                   Oniate
                   ,
                   Legaspa
                   ,
                   Villa
                   real
                   ,
                
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 
                   Villa
                   franca
                
                 ;
                 7
                 leagues
                 .
                 We
                 left
                 S.
                 Adrian
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 ordinary
                 road
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 on
                 our
                 left
                 hand
                 .
                 This
                 Countrey
                 is
                 very
                 populous
                 and
                 well
                 wooded
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 hills
                 being
                 covered
                 with
                 oaks
                 .
                 They
                 use
                 no
                 ploughs
                 but
                 turn
                 over
                 the
                 ground
                 with
                 tridents
                 of
                 iron
                 ;
                 4
                 or
                 5
                 of
                 them
                 working
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 thrusting
                 in
                 their
                 tridents
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 turn
                 up
                 a
                 yard
                 or
                 two
                 of
                 earth
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 afterwards
                 dress
                 and
                 level
                 like
                 beds
                 in
                 a
                 garden
                 .
                 The
                 people
                 are
                 something
                 better
                 conditioned
                 than
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ;
                 richer
                 and
                 far
                 more
                 populous
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 Because
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 better
                 government
                 and
                 greater
                 liberty
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 There
                 is
                 abundance
                 of
                 wood
                 and
                 iron
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 More
                 rain
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 passed
                 Tolosa
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 arrived
                 this
                 night
                 at
                 
                   S.
                   Sebastian
                
                 ,
                 having
                 travelled
                 8
                 leagues
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 observable
                 things
                 in
                 S.
                 Sebastian
                 are
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 walls
                 and
                 
                 guns
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 A
                 great
                 Convent
                 of
                 Dominican
                 Freres
                 in
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 famous
                 pair
                 of
                 stone-stairs
                 ,
                 each
                 step
                 being
                 of
                 one
                 entire
                 stone
                 and
                 supported
                 only
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 haven
                 The
                 Government
                 of
                 S.
                 Sebastian
                 consists
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Council
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 have
                 one
                 or
                 more
                 houses
                 and
                 are
                 married
                 ,
                 but
                 none
                 can
                 bear
                 office
                 unless
                 he
                 have
                 two
                 houses
                 ,
                 of
                 these
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 above
                 150
                 or
                 200
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 town
                 be
                 very
                 populous
                 conteining
                 about
                 24000
                 souls
                 .
                 Once
                 in
                 a
                 year
                 all
                 the
                 names
                 of
                 this
                 150
                 or
                 200
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 an
                 urn
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 child
                 takes
                 out
                 8
                 to
                 be
                 Electors
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 of
                 this
                 8
                 chuses
                 his
                 man.
                 the
                 old
                 Magistrates
                 that
                 are
                 just
                 then
                 going
                 out
                 divide
                 these
                 8
                 that
                 the
                 Electors
                 have
                 chosen
                 into
                 4
                 pairs
                 ,
                 fitting
                 them
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   g.
                
                 an
                 old
                 man
                 and
                 a
                 young
                 together
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 These
                 4
                 pairs
                 are
                 put
                 into
                 an
                 urn
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 pair
                 that
                 are
                 drawn
                 out
                 are
                 the
                 two
                 Alcaldas
                 for
                 that
                 year
                 ;
                 the
                 second
                 pair
                 the
                 two
                 Deputy
                 Alcaldas
                 ;
                 the
                 third
                 pair
                 the
                 two
                 Regidores
                 the
                 fourth
                 pair
                 the
                 two
                 Deputy
                 Regidores
                 .
                 In
                 much
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 they
                 chuse
                 two
                 Jurats
                 ,
                 one
                 Syndic
                 or
                 Atturney
                 general
                 ,
                 one
                 Treasurer
                 ,
                 &c.
                 all
                 these
                 Officers
                 make
                 a
                 lesser
                 Senate
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 businesses
                 of
                 importance
                 the
                 whose
                 number
                 meets
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 no
                 distinction
                 of
                 Nobiles
                 and
                 Plebeii
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 descended
                 from
                 Guipuscoans
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 married
                 and
                 have
                 one
                 house
                 are
                 in
                 capacity
                 to
                 be
                 Electors
                 ;
                 all
                 that
                 have
                 two
                 houses
                 to
                 be
                 Magistrates
                 .
                 The
                 Jurats
                 places
                 are
                 most
                 desired
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 Ecclesiastical
                 preferments
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 the
                 disposition
                 whereof
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 vacant
                 is
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 usually
                 bestow
                 them
                 upon
                 their
                 Relations
                 and
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 Every
                 Winter
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 whales
                 caught
                 upon
                 this
                 coast
                 ,
                 they
                 coming
                 hither
                 in
                 Winter
                 and
                 frequenting
                 heer
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 upon
                 the
                 coast
                 of
                 Groenland
                 in
                 Summer
                 .
                 They
                 catch
                 them
                 by
                 striking
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 harping
                 iron
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 
                 they
                 do
                 Sword-fish
                 upon
                 the
                 coast
                 of
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 and
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Abundance
                 of
                 Cider
                 made
                 about
                 S.
                 Sebastian
                 and
                 Bayonne
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 S.
                 Sebastian
                 I
                 travelled
                 through
                 
                   Orogna
                   ,
                   Irun
                
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 left
                 hand
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 Fontarabia
                 a
                 strong
                 Fort
                 just
                 on
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 About
                 1½
                 league
                 from
                 Irun
                 is
                 the
                 river
                 that
                 parts
                 France
                 and
                 Spain
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 this
                 river
                 is
                 an
                 Island
                 where
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 France
                 and
                 Spain
                 met
                 ,
                 when
                 Lewis
                 XIV
                 the
                 present
                 King
                 married
                 Philip
                 the
                 IV
                 his
                 daughter
                 .
                 The
                 island
                 was
                 divided
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 house
                 built
                 so
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 table
                 where
                 they
                 sate
                 to
                 eat
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 sate
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Spain
                 in
                 Spain
                 .
              
               
                 Spain
                 is
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 most
                 ,
                 very
                 thin
                 of
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 desolate
                 .
                 The
                 causes
                 are
                 1.
                 
                 A
                 bad
                 Religion
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 tyrannical
                 Inquisition
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 multitude
                 of
                 Whores
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 barrenness
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 .
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 wretched
                 laziness
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 very
                 like
                 the
                 Welsh
                 and
                 Irish
                 ,
                 walking
                 slowly
                 and
                 always
                 cumbred
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Cloke
                 and
                 long
                 Sword.
                 6.
                 
                 The
                 expulsion
                 of
                 the
                 Jews
                 and
                 Moors
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 planted
                 there
                 by
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Adrian
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 latter
                 by
                 the
                 Caliphs
                 after
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 Spain
                 .
                 7.
                 
                 Wars
                 and
                 Plantations
                 .
                 In
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 South
                 and
                 West
                 parts
                 of
                 Spain
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 ruines
                 of
                 houses
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 .
                 Within
                 a
                 quarter
                 of
                 a
                 league
                 of
                 a
                 Town
                 you
                 begin
                 to
                 see
                 ground
                 ploughed
                 ,
                 else
                 all
                 a
                 wild
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 but
                 Rosemary
                 ,
                 Cistus
                 ,
                 Juniper
                 ,
                 Lavender
                 ,
                 Broom
                 ,
                 Lentiscus
                 ,
                 &c.
                 growing
                 in
                 the
                 fields
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 hills
                 .
                 Little
                 or
                 no
                 hay
                 any
                 where
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 they
                 feeding
                 their
                 mules
                 and
                 horses
                 with
                 straw
                 .
                 At
                 least
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 Spain
                 is
                 mountainous
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 abstinent
                 as
                 most
                 people
                 take
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 eating
                 the
                 best
                 they
                 can
                 get
                 ,
                 and
                 freely
                 enough
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 at
                 another
                 mans
                 cost
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 Inns
                 never
                 refusing
                 Partridges
                 ,
                 Quails
                 ,
                 &c.
                 for
                 the
                 
                 dearness
                 if
                 they
                 have
                 but
                 money
                 .
                 Laziness
                 and
                 sloth
                 makes
                 them
                 poor
                 ,
                 and
                 poverty
                 makes
                 them
                 pinch
                 their
                 bellies
                 and
                 fare
                 hardly
                 .
                 They
                 seldom
                 mingle
                 water
                 with
                 their
                 wine
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 common
                 saying
                 among
                 them
                 
                   Vino
                   poco
                   &
                   puro
                
                 ,
                 though
                 all
                 over
                 Spain
                 the
                 wine
                 is
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 strong
                 .
                 They
                 delight
                 much
                 in
                 Pimentone
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Guiny
                 pepper
                 and
                 mingle
                 it
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 sauces
                 .
                 In
                 roasting
                 of
                 meat
                 they
                 never
                 use
                 dripping
                 pans
                 but
                 draw
                 the
                 coals
                 just
                 under
                 the
                 meat
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 not
                 so
                 cleanly
                 yet
                 is
                 the
                 quicker
                 and
                 more
                 thrifty
                 way
                 for
                 saving
                 of
                 fewel
                 .
                 They
                 tear
                 Rabbets
                 in
                 sunder
                 with
                 their
                 hands
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 almost
                 roasted
                 ,
                 and
                 stew
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 pot
                 with
                 water
                 and
                 Pimentone
                 .
                 To
                 toast
                 bread
                 they
                 throw
                 it
                 upon
                 the
                 coals
                 .
                 They
                 long
                 and
                 ask
                 for
                 every
                 thing
                 they
                 see
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 which
                 a
                 Merchant
                 that
                 travelled
                 with
                 me
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 some
                 thing
                 into
                 his
                 victuals
                 which
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 love
                 .
                 They
                 take
                 Tobacco
                 much
                 in
                 snuff
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 one
                 take
                 out
                 a
                 box
                 of
                 snuff
                 he
                 must
                 give
                 some
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 company
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 person
                 in
                 the
                 company
                 at
                 table
                 cuts
                 and
                 tears
                 the
                 meat
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 his
                 share
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 most
                 impertinently
                 inquisitive
                 ,
                 whence
                 you
                 come
                 ?
                 whither
                 you
                 go
                 ?
                 what
                 business
                 you
                 have
                 ,
                 &c.
                 most
                 horribly
                 rude
                 ,
                 insolent
                 and
                 imperious
                 ,
                 uncivil
                 to
                 strangers
                 ,
                 asking
                 them
                 ,
                 What
                 do
                 you
                 come
                 into
                 our
                 Countrey
                 for
                 ?
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 go
                 into
                 yours
                 .
                 [
                 This
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 of
                 the
                 middle
                 and
                 inferiour
                 sort
                 of
                 people
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Gentry
                 being
                 very
                 civil
                 and
                 well-bred
                 .
                 ]
                 Their
                 children
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 unmannerly
                 and
                 ill-bred
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 .
                 The
                 sons
                 of
                 French
                 fathers
                 and
                 Spanish
                 women
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 grown
                 up
                 often
                 turn
                 their
                 fathers
                 out
                 of
                 doors
                 ,
                 having
                 many
                 privileges
                 above
                 them
                 for
                 being
                 born
                 in
                 Spain
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 extremely
                 given
                 to
                 lying
                 .
                 Almuzzos
                 and
                 such
                 kind
                 of
                 fellows
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 believed
                 or
                 trusted
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 they
                 promise
                 .
              
               
               
                 They
                 ride
                 altogether
                 upon
                 mules
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 their
                 Portmanteau's
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 lost
                 or
                 stollen
                 from
                 behind
                 them
                 ;
                 they
                 lie
                 between
                 a
                 high
                 pummel
                 of
                 the
                 saddle
                 and
                 an
                 iron
                 hook
                 .
                 Instead
                 of
                 stirrops
                 persons
                 of
                 quality
                 use
                 great
                 clogs
                 of
                 wood
                 of
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 shooes
                 without
                 heels
                 .
                 They
                 cut
                 away
                 the
                 mules
                 hair
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 skin
                 under
                 the
                 Saddles
                 ,
                 and
                 Portmanteau's
                 to
                 avoid
                 galling
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 bastard
                 breed
                 of
                 Animals
                 the
                 males
                 are
                 usually
                 bigger
                 than
                 the
                 females
                 .
                 Q.
                 Whether
                 the
                 reason
                 be
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 always
                 bred
                 of
                 a
                 mare
                 and
                 an
                 he
                 ass
                 ?
                 2.
                 
                 They
                 piss
                 very
                 often
                 .
                 Q.
                 Whether
                 the
                 reason
                 be
                 the
                 sharpness
                 of
                 their
                 urine
                 or
                 the
                 smallness
                 of
                 their
                 bladder
                 ?
                 3.
                 
                 They
                 piss
                 almost
                 always
                 when
                 they
                 go
                 through
                 water
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 They
                 shooe
                 them
                 with
                 shooes
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 broader
                 than
                 their
                 feet
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 I
                 suppose
                 the
                 breaking
                 of
                 their
                 hoo●s
                 .
                 Under
                 the
                 mouths
                 of
                 their
                 mules
                 of
                 burthen
                 they
                 usually
                 hang
                 a
                 net
                 with
                 provender
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 These
                 beasts
                 are
                 better
                 at
                 climbing
                 of
                 mountains
                 than
                 horses
                 ,
                 have
                 a
                 greater
                 courage
                 to
                 endure
                 long
                 and
                 hard
                 travel
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 are
                 maintained
                 with
                 less
                 charge
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spaniards
                 seldom
                 ride
                 alone
                 ,
                 but
                 stay
                 for
                 a
                 troppas
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 for
                 a
                 Caravan
                 in
                 Arabia
                 .
                 The
                 common
                 phrases
                 or
                 forms
                 of
                 salutation
                 when
                 they
                 meet
                 or
                 pass
                 by
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 are
                 ,
                 
                   Garda
                   Dios
                   vostes
                
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 
                   vous
                   autres
                
                 [
                 God
                 defend
                 you
                 ]
                 
                   A
                   Dios
                
                 [
                 adieu
                 ]
                 
                   Vaga
                   con
                   Dios
                
                 [
                 God
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 you
                 .
                 ]
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 angry
                 Cornuto
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Cuckold
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 word
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 Cornutissimo
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 speak
                 to
                 their
                 mules
                 or
                 boys
                 they
                 send
                 of
                 errands
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Anda
                   Cornuto
                
                 ,
                 [
                 Go
                 Cuckold
                 .
                 ]
                 When
                 they
                 refuse
                 a
                 courtesie
                 ,
                 or
                 complement
                 to
                 drink
                 first
                 ,
                 go
                 first
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Non
                   per
                   vita
                   mea
                
                 ,
                 [
                 no
                 by
                 my
                 life
                 .
                 ]
                 At
                 any
                 thing
                 strange
                 or
                 ridiculous
                 they
                 cry
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Cuerpo
                   di
                   Dios
                
                 or
                 
                   di
                   Cristo
                
                 [
                 Body
                 of
                 God
                 or
                 body
                 of
                 Christ
                 .
                 ]
                 When
                 they
                 call
                 to
                 one
                 to
                 make
                 
                 him
                 hear
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 Escoutes
                 in
                 French
                 ,
                 or
                 Senti
                 in
                 Italian
                 ,
                 they
                 cry
                 O-yes
                 just
                 as
                 our
                 Criers
                 do
                 in
                 England
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 put
                 off
                 a
                 beggar
                 not
                 giving
                 him
                 an
                 Alms
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Vostes
                   perdonnè
                
                 .
                 [
                 Good
                 friend
                 pardon
                 or
                 excuse
                 me
                 .
                 ]
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 their
                 Religion
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 orthodox
                 and
                 rigid
                 Romanists
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 saying
                 among
                 them
                 
                   Faltando
                   in
                   uno
                   punto
                   à
                   Dios.
                
                 [
                 If
                 you
                 leave
                 the
                 Church
                 in
                 one
                 punctilio
                 ,
                 God
                 be
                 with
                 you
                 ,
                 you
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 damned
                 .
                 ]
                 All
                 over
                 Spain
                 there
                 are
                 abundance
                 of
                 pitiful
                 wooden
                 Crosses
                 set
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 heaps
                 of
                 stone
                 .
                 Under
                 all
                 the
                 pictures
                 of
                 the
                 Virgin
                 Mary
                 is
                 written
                 *
                 
                   Concebida
                   sin●peccado
                   originale
                
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Ave-Mary
                 bell
                 they
                 all
                 fall
                 down
                 upon
                 their
                 knees
                 ;
                 whereas
                 in
                 other
                 Countries
                 they
                 are
                 contented
                 only
                 to
                 pluck
                 off
                 their
                 hats
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 have
                 done
                 their
                 Devotions
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 after
                 their
                 meals
                 when
                 they
                 take
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 go
                 to
                 bed
                 they
                 say
                 
                   Sia
                   lodato
                   il
                   santissimo
                   Sacramento
                
                 ,
                 [
                 Praised
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 holy
                 Sacrament
                 .
                 ]
              
               
                 For
                 fornication
                 and
                 impurity
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 all
                 Nations
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 Europe
                 ;
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Inns
                 in
                 
                   Andaluzia
                   ,
                   Castile
                   ,
                   Granada
                   ,
                   Murcia
                   ,
                
                 &c.
                 having
                 Whores
                 who
                 dress
                 the
                 meat
                 and
                 do
                 all
                 the
                 business
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 hired
                 at
                 a
                 very
                 cheap
                 rate
                 .
                 It
                 were
                 a
                 shame
                 to
                 mention
                 their
                 impudence
                 ,
                 lewdness
                 and
                 immodest
                 be
                 behaviours
                 and
                 practices
                 .
                 In
                 
                   Catalonia
                   ,
                   Guipuscoa
                
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 places
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 so
                 bad
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 so
                 lazy
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 shops
                 they
                 will
                 say
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 a
                 commodity
                 rather
                 than
                 take
                 pains
                 to
                 look
                 for
                 it
                 :
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 hired
                 to
                 carry
                 a
                 Portmantean
                 ,
                 go
                 of
                 an
                 errand
                 ,
                 &c.
                 but
                 at
                 an
                 excessive
                 rate
                 .
                 Mercers
                 never
                 tie
                 up
                 any
                 thing
                 they
                 sell
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 allow
                 paper
                 ,
                 they
                 only
                 rudely
                 mumble
                 up
                 the
                 commodities
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 Of
                 their
                 fantastical
                 and
                 ridiculous
                 pride
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 in
                 the
                 extremest
                 poverty
                 all
                 
                 the
                 world
                 rings
                 .
                 If
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 employment
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 set
                 them
                 about
                 which
                 they
                 think
                 themselves
                 too
                 good
                 for
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 say
                 send
                 for
                 a
                 French-man
                 .
                 Indeed
                 the
                 French
                 do
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 work
                 in
                 Spain
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 best
                 shops
                 are
                 kept
                 by
                 French-men
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 workmen
                 in
                 every
                 kind
                 are
                 French
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 believe
                 near
                 ¼
                 or
                 ⅕
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 in
                 Spain
                 are
                 of
                 that
                 Nation
                 .
                 I
                 have
                 heard
                 some
                 travellers
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 should
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 recal
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 out
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 would
                 hazard
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 starved
                 to
                 death
                 .
              
               
                 Bread
                 is
                 very
                 scarce
                 and
                 very
                 dear
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 or
                 Spain
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 barrenness
                 of
                 the
                 soil
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 rain
                 ,
                 but
                 chiefly
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 sloth
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 in
                 letting
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 ground
                 lie
                 untilled
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 not
                 taking
                 the
                 pains
                 to
                 fetch
                 corn
                 and
                 bread
                 from
                 those
                 places
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 plenty
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 days
                 journey
                 the
                 price
                 of
                 bread
                 will
                 be
                 trebled
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 another
                 days
                 journey
                 fall
                 as
                 much
                 again
                 .
                 This
                 Summer
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 tumult
                 at
                 Madrid
                 :
                 the
                 poor
                 people
                 gathering
                 about
                 the
                 Kings
                 palace
                 cried
                 out
                 ,
                 Let
                 the
                 King
                 live
                 ,
                 but
                 let
                 the
                 ill
                 government
                 die
                 ;
                 let
                 exactors
                 die
                 ,
                 &c.
                 just
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 at
                 Nuples
                 in
                 the
                 rebellion
                 under
                 Masaniello
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 sent
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 about
                 for
                 bread-corn
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 two
                 or
                 three
                 days
                 bread
                 was
                 very
                 plentiful
                 and
                 cheap
                 .
                 All
                 over
                 Catalonia
                 bread
                 was
                 very
                 cheap
                 .
                 The
                 Spanish
                 bread
                 is
                 commended
                 for
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 heard
                 ,
                 they
                 pick
                 their
                 wheat
                 grain
                 by
                 grain
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 my
                 being
                 at
                 Madrid
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 Engineer
                 there
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 invented
                 a
                 ●low
                 ,
                 called
                 by
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 a
                 Sembrador
                 ,
                 to
                 sow
                 corn
                 at
                 equal
                 distances
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 grain
                 in
                 a
                 hole
                 ;
                 the
                 description
                 whereof
                 hath
                 been
                 since
                 published
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Philosophical
                   Transactions
                
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 good
                 learning
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 are
                 
                 behind
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Europe
                 ,
                 understanding
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 wrangling
                 Philosophy
                 and
                 School-divinity
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 people
                 are
                 much
                 discontented
                 all
                 over
                 Spain
                 ,
                 complaining
                 of
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 evil
                 Counsellours
                 ,
                 &c.
                 but
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 good
                 opinion
                 of
                 and
                 age
                 generally
                 well-affected
                 to
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 whose
                 intentions
                 they
                 say
                 are
                 very
                 good
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 their
                 habit
                 and
                 dress
                 in
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 constant
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 fashions
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 be
                 not
                 the
                 most
                 convenient
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 devised
                 .
                 To
                 change
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 I
                 think
                 it
                 rather
                 commendable
                 than
                 blame-worthy
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 change
                 out
                 of
                 meer
                 levity
                 or
                 an
                 apish
                 imitation
                 of
                 others
                 is
                 foolish
                 and
                 unreasonable
                 .
                 They
                 wear
                 great
                 hats
                 with
                 broad
                 crowns
                 and
                 the
                 top
                 breader
                 than
                 the
                 bottom
                 .
                 Their
                 hair
                 most
                 commonly
                 ,
                 but
                 especially
                 when
                 they
                 travel
                 ,
                 they
                 tie
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 knot
                 behind
                 ,
                 aud
                 sometimes
                 braid
                 like
                 womens
                 .
                 Their
                 bands
                 lie
                 upon
                 black
                 collars
                 just
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 bigness
                 or
                 a
                 little
                 bigger
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 joyned
                 to
                 the
                 collar
                 and
                 they
                 put
                 on
                 collar
                 and
                 band
                 together
                 .
                 They
                 wear
                 very
                 much
                 Cambrick
                 half-shirts
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 sleeves
                 open
                 before
                 and
                 behind
                 both
                 Winter
                 and
                 Summer
                 ;
                 they
                 have
                 great
                 skirts
                 upon
                 their
                 doublets
                 .
                 Their
                 breeches
                 are
                 very
                 streight
                 and
                 close
                 to
                 their
                 thighs
                 ,
                 and
                 buttoned
                 down
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 reach
                 a
                 little
                 lower
                 than
                 the
                 knee
                 .
                 They
                 wear
                 very
                 slight-wrought
                 black
                 silk-stockins
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 white
                 linnen-stockings
                 which
                 they
                 wear
                 underneath
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 through
                 them
                 .
                 Their
                 shooes
                 just
                 fit
                 for
                 their
                 feet
                 ,
                 very
                 light
                 and
                 thin
                 ,
                 with
                 low
                 heels
                 .
                 Over
                 their
                 doublets
                 they
                 wear
                 a
                 close
                 coat
                 or
                 jerkin
                 with
                 open
                 sleeves
                 like
                 the
                 doublet
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 with
                 hanging
                 sleeves
                 like
                 childrens
                 ,
                 yet
                 never
                 reaching
                 lower
                 than
                 their
                 skirts
                 :
                 a
                 very
                 long
                 sword
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 short
                 dagger
                 hanging
                 just
                 behind
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 over
                 all
                 a
                 cloak
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 cape
                 .
                 
                 The
                 women
                 wear
                 great
                 Vardingales
                 ,
                 standing
                 so
                 far
                 out
                 an
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 enter
                 in
                 at
                 an
                 ordinary
                 door
                 they
                 are
                 fain
                 to
                 go
                 side-ways
                 :
                 when
                 they
                 go
                 abroad
                 are
                 covered
                 with
                 a
                 vail
                 of
                 black
                 having
                 only
                 a
                 hole
                 left
                 for
                 one
                 eye
                 .
                 The
                 poor
                 people
                 wear
                 shooes
                 made
                 of
                 packthread
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 most
                 noble
                 sport
                 in
                 Spain
                 is
                 the
                 
                   Jeu
                   de
                   Taureau
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Bull-fighting
                 ,
                 practised
                 at
                 
                   Valentia
                   ,
                   Madrid
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 At
                 Madrid
                 3
                 times
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 where
                 in
                 the
                 Market-place
                 a
                 brave
                 Don
                 on
                 horseback
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 pages
                 on
                 foot
                 fight
                 with
                 a
                 wild
                 Bull
                 :
                 When
                 one
                 Bull
                 is
                 killed
                 or
                 much
                 wounded
                 they
                 turn
                 in
                 another
                 .
                 Seldom
                 but
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 pages
                 are
                 killed
                 .
                 And
                 with
                 these
                 cruel
                 and
                 bloody
                 spectacles
                 the
                 people
                 are
                 much
                 delighted
                 ,
                 as
                 were
                 the
                 Romans
                 of
                 old
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Heathenism
                 .
              
               
                 
                   He
                   that
                   desires
                   to
                   know
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   qualities
                   of
                   the
                
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 
                   may
                   read
                   Mr.
                
                 Galliards
                 
                   Character
                   of
                
                 Spain
                 .
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               CATALOGUS
               STIRPIUM
               IN
               Exteris
               Regionibus
               A
               nobis
               Observatarum
               ,
               Quae
               vel
               non
               omnino
               vel
               parcè
               admodum
               IN
               ANGLIA
               Sponte
               proveniunt
               .
            
             
             
             
             
               LONDINI
               :
               Typis
               
                 Andreae
                 Clark
              
               ,
               Impensis
               
                 J.
                 Martyn
              
               Regalis
               Societatis
               Typographi
               ,
               apud
               quem
               prostant
               ad
               insigne
               Campanae
               〈◊〉
               Coemeterio
               Divi
               Pauli
               .
               MDCLXXIII
               .
            
          
           
             
             
             
               PRAEFATIO
               .
            
             
               OCto
               plus
               minus
               abhinc
               annis
               plantarum
               indagandarum
               studio
               in
               transmarinas
               regiones
               profectus
               Germaniae
               utriusque
               
                 Italiae
                 ,
                 Galliae
              
               bonam
               partem
               peragravi
               .
               Cujus
               itineris
               quis
               fructus
               fuerit
               ,
               quem
               nunc
               exhibeo
               Stirpium
               exoticarum
               Catalogus
               ,
               
                 Amice
                 Lector
              
               ,
               te
               certiorem
               faciet
               .
               An
               tibi
               titulos
               &
               nomina
               nuda
               perlegere
               jucundum
               futurum
               sit
               nescio
               ;
               mihi
               certe
               Plantas
               ipsas
               liberas
               &
               spontis
               suae
               quales
               eas
               alma
               tellus
               è
               benigno
               suo
               sinu
               effundit
               ,
               contemplanti
               incredibilis
               quoedam
               voluptas
               oborta
               est
               :
               nec
               minus
               gaudebam
               (
               ut
               cum
               Clusio
               loquar
               )
               nova
               aliqua
               stirpe
               primùm
               inventa
               quàm
               si
               amplissimum
               thesaurum
               offendissem
               :
               Cúmque
               plurimas
               quotidie
               vel
               mihi
               antea
               incognitas
               ,
               vel
               Britanniae
               nostrae
               hospites
               obvias
               haberem
               ,
               magnum
               me
               operae
               pretium
               peregrinando
               fecisse
               ratus
               ,
               in
               Hispaniam
               quoque
               profectionem
               meditabar
               :
               verùm
               praetextu
               belli
               ,
               Anglis
               omnibus
               publico
               programmate
               Regis
               Galliae
               è
               finibus
               suis
               excedere
               jussis
               ,
               Hispanicum
               iter
               minùs
               tutum
               fore
               ratus
               ,
               in
               patriam
               ,
               reversus
               sum
               .
               Liceat
               jam
               mihi
               pauca
               quaedam
               de
               Plantis
               in
               genere
               à
               me
               observata
               Praefationis
               loco
               Catalogo
               praemittere
               .
            
             
               I.
               Quo
               ad
               meridiem
               &
               Solis
               cursum
               propius
               accedas
               tò
               plures
               plantarum
               species
               sponte
               oriri
               a●imadvertes
               .
               Quamvis
               enim
               Regiones
               frigidae
               &
               Septentrionales
               suas
               quoque
               stirpes
               peculiares
               obtineant
               ,
               paucissimae
               tamen
               eae
               sunt
               si
               cum
               earum
               multitudine
               conferantur
               quae
               in
               temperatis
               &
               calidioribus
               tantùm
               proveniunt
               .
               Cui
               accedit
               quòd
               juga
               ,
               vertices
               aut
               etiam
               latera
               montium
               in
               Regionibus
               calidis
               ,
               cum
               frigidiorum
               depressis
               ,
               planis
               &
               sylvosis
               aeris
               temperamento
               quodammodo
               conveniant
               ,
               quo
               ft
               ut
               easdem
               fere
               stirpes
               producant
               ,
               adeoque
               nè
               plantae
               quidem
               Septentrionales
               Meridionalibus
               desint
               .
            
             
             
               II.
               Huc
               etiam
               facit
               quod
               secundo
               in
               loco
               à
               nobis
               observatum
               fuit
               :
               Montes
               scilicet
               excelsos
               quorum
               vertices
               maximam
               anni
               partem
               nivibus
               operiuntur
               varietate
               specierum
               praecipuè
               abundare
               .
               Alpes
               certè
               quae
               Italiam
               à
               Gallia
               &
               Germania
               dividunt
               inexhausto
               plantarum
               penu
               Botanicorum
               scrutiniis
               in
               hunc
               usque
               diem
               sufficiunt
               ,
               magna
               adhuc
               nondum
               proditarum
               residua
               multitudine
               .
               Quòd
               tanta
               soli
               fertilitas
               dicam
               an
               luxuria
               nivibus
               debeatur
               extra
               controversiam
               est
               ,
               seu
               quia
               velut
               veste
               imposita
               radices
               foveat
               &
               ab
               injuriis
               caeli
               &
               frigoris
               vehementiâ
               defendat
               ,
               sive
               quod
               sale
               nitroso
               ,
               quo
               abundare
               creditur
               ,
               terram
               laetificet
               &
               foecundet
               .
            
             
               III.
               Arbores
               nonnullae
               in
               aliis
               regionibus
               humiles
               perpetuò
               &
               pusillae
               fruti●um
               mensuram
               non
               excedunt
               ;
               in
               aliis
               eximiam
               magnitudinem
               &
               staturam
               assequuntur
               ,
               cùm
               ●trobique
               spontis
               sue
               sint
               .
               Hujusmodi
               sunt
               
                 Lentiscus
                 ,
                 Arbutus
                 ,
                 Juniperus
                 ,
                 Buxus
                 ,
              
               &c.
               Praeterea
               sunt
               quae
               apud
               nos
               satoe
               &
               in
               hortis
               cultae
               tenerae
               &
               molles
               perpetuò
               manent
               ,
               adte
               ut
               ad
               herbarum
               genus
               pertinere
               videantur
               ;
               quoe
               tamen
               ubi
               sponte
               exeunt
               in
               frutices
               satis
               ●rassos
               &
               lignosos
               adolescunt
               ,
               quod
               in
               Ricino
               &
               Tragio
               obscrvavimus
               .
            
             
               IV.
               Ejusdem
               generis
               arbores
               aut
               etiam
               herbae
               in
               aliis
               Regionibus
               vel
               succos
               fundunt
               ,
               vel
               fructus
               spurios
               edunt
               ,
               in
               aliis
               minimé
               .
               Sic
               Fraxinus
               v.
               g.
               in
               Calabria
               Manna
               exudat
               ,
               cùm
               alibi
               nè
               in
               Italia
               quidem
               id
               faciat
               .
               Lentiscus
               in
               sola
               insula
               Chio
               Mastichen
               fundit
               ,
               ut
               Bellonius
               &
               Hermolaus
               affirmant
               :
               certè
               in
               Italia
               &
               
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
              
               ,
               ubi
               tamen
               copiosissima
               est
               ,
               vel
               nullam
               vel
               paucissiman
               praebet
               .
               Idem
               observatur
               in
               
                 Ferula
                 ,
                 Panace
                 Heracleo
                 ,
                 Aloe
              
               aliisque
               .
               Quod
               ad
               fructus
               spurios
               attinet
               ,
               Quercus
               in
               
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Illyrico
                 ,
                 Hispania
              
               aliisque
               temperatioribus
               Gallas
               edit
               ,
               cùm
               in
               Britannia
               &
               frigidioribus
               nullus
               unquam
               auditus
               sit
               Gallarum
               proventus
               .
            
             
               Difficilis
               quaestio
               est
               ,
               an
               Plantae
               quaepiam
               nullo
               semine
               raevio
               sponte
               è
               terra
               oriantur
               :
               (
               1.
               )
               Quod
               ad
               imperfectas
               
               vulgò
               dictas
               ,
               
                 Fungas
                 ,
                 Tubera
              
               &
               id
               genus
               attinet
               ,
               manifestum
               est
               eas
               ex
               semine
               non
               nasci
               cùm
               nullam
               gignant
               .
               (
               2.
               )
               Oh
               eandem
               rationem
               submarinae
               omnes
               
                 Algae
                 ,
                 Fuci
                 ,
                 Coralia
                 ,
                 Alcyonia
                 ,
              
               &c.
               sponte
               oriri
               censendae
               sunt
               ,
               cùm
               nullum
               in
               iis
               .
               semen
               hactenus
               animadversum
               fuerit
               ;
               quod
               tamen
               imprimis
               mirum
               videtur
               ,
               cùm
               earum
               innumerae
               ferè
               species
               &
               ingens
               ubique
               proventus
               sit
               .
               (
               3.
               )
               Perfectiores
               quoque
               quamvis
               plerunque
               Semini
               ortum
               debeant
               ,
               nonnunquam
               tamen
               spontis
               suae
               esse
               magnum
               nobis
               argumentum
               suppeditat
               viseus
               arboribus
               innatus
               ,
               etiam
               in
               prona
               seu
               aversa
               ramorum
               parte
               .
               Vnde
               omnino
               fabulosum
               esse
               constat
               quod
               de
               ejus
               ortu
               Veteres
               prodiderunt
               ,
               quodque
               Proverbio
               illi
               ,
               
                 Turdus
                 malum
                 ipse
                 sibi
                 cacat
              
               ,
               originem
               dedisse
               perhibetur
               .
            
             
               Nec
               minùs
               anceps
               &
               difficilis
               quaestio
               cst
               ,
               An
               Plantae
               aliquae
               degenerent
               &
               speciem
               mutent
               ?
               Cui
               ut
               aliqua
               in
               parte
               satisfaciam
               ,
               dico
               primò
               pro
               diversis
               speciebus
               minimè
               habendas
               esse
               quaecunque
               ,
               ex
               ejusdem
               plantae
               semine
               vulgò
               oriuntur
               ,
               quaeque
               speciem
               suam
               iterum
               non
               propagant
               ,
               quantumvis
               accidentibus
               nonnullis
               ,
               
                 v.
                 g.
              
               floris
               colore
               ,
               petalorum
               gemina
               aut
               multiplici
               scrie
               ,
               aliisve
               accidentibus
               à
               nobis
               in
               Praefatione
               
                 Catalogi
                 Plantarum
                 Angliae
              
               recensitis
               differant
               .
               Cùm
               enim
               numerus
               specierum
               in
               natura
               certus
               sit
               &
               determinatus
               ,
               floris
               autem
               colore
               ,
               multiplicitate
               ,
               &c.
               variantium
               multitudo
               novis
               quotannis
               exorientibus
               infinita
               ,
               meritò
               eas
               à
               specierum
               gradu
               &
               dignitate
               removemus
               .
               Nam
               si
               haec
               sufficerent
               ad
               specificam
               distinctionem
               inducendam
               ,
               certè
               Aethiops
               quoque
               ab
               Europaeo
               ,
               Juvencus
               niger
               ab
               albo
               ,
               rubro
               variove
               specie
               differret
               ;
               quod
               nemo
               ,
               ut
               opinor
               ,
               sanae
               mentis
               unquam
               concesserit
               .
               Hinc
               
                 Tuliparum
                 ,
                 Anemonarum
                 ,
                 Caryophyllorum
                 ,
                 Auricularum
                 ,
              
               &c.
               inexplicabilis
               varietas
               ad
               tres
               quatuórve
               species
               facilè
               reducitur
               ,
               cùm
               reliqua
               diversitas
               quae
               in
               floris
               colore
               ,
               plenitudine
               ,
               geminatione
               ,
               &c.
               consistit
               ,
               merè
               accidentalis
               sit
               miniméque
               specisi●a
               ,
               coeli
               aut
               soli
               alimentive
               
               differentiis
               imputanda
               .
               Quid
               quod
               Plantae
               hae
               in
               eodem
               loco
               (
               ut
               alibi
               monuimus
               )
               diutiùs
               relictae
               &
               neglectae
               ,
               paulatim
               degenerent
               ,
               florum
               gratiâ
               ,
               seu
               quae
               in
               colorum
               pulchritudine
               ,
               seu
               quoe
               in
               petalorum
               numero
               spectatur
               ,
               pereunte
               ,
               &
               ad
               sylvestrium
               tandem
               formam
               &
               ingenium
               redeant
               .
            
             
               Ob
               easdem
               rationes
               nec
               figura
               ,
               color
               saporve
               fructus
               seu
               pericarpii
               in
               Pomis
               &
               Pyris
               essentialem
               &
               specificam
               differentiam
               arguunt
               .
               Quòd
               scilicet
               fructus
               his
               accidentibus
               diversi
               ex
               eodem
               semine
               oriantur
               ,
               quòdque
               ,
               constanti
               naturae
               lege
               speciem
               suant
               semine
               iterum
               non
               propagent
               .
               Atque
               hîc
               obiter
               monere
               convenit
               ,
               varietates
               seu
               species
               novas
               vulgò
               creditas
               Pomorum
               &
               Pyrorum
               ab
               insitione
               (
               quantumvis
               magna
               cum
               fiducia
               id
               affirment
               arcanorum
               jactatores
               )
               frustra
               sperari
               ,
               cùm
               ,
               
                 Fructum
                 perpetuò
                 surculi
                 naturam
                 sequi
              
               ,
               mihi
               ,
               pro
               certo
               &
               infallibili
               in
               Horti●ultura
               axiomate
               semper
               fuerit
               ,
               verùm
               quas
               habemus
               differentias
               s●mini
               deberi
               &
               ex
               semine
               novas
               indies
               oblineri
               posse
               .
               Quod
               adeò
               verum
               est
               ,
               ut
               varietates
               etiam
               in
               floribus
               ,
               foliis
               ,
               caulibus
               superius
               memoratas
               ,
               (
               quamvis
               vel
               translatione
               iterata
               de
               loco
               in
               locum
               ,
               vel
               irrigando
               aquâ
               colore
               aliquo
               imbuta
               nonnunquam
               effici
               posse
               ,
               Laurembergio
               ,
               in
               iis
               quae
               ipse
               expertus
               est
               ,
               Authori
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               aliisque
               affirmantibus
               fidem
               non
               denegaverim
               )
               frequentiùs
               tamen
               faciliusque
               ex
               semine
               in
               terram
               pinguem
               &
               opulentam
               aut
               alio
               quovis
               modo
               à
               naturali
               &
               solita
               diversam
               projecto
               oriri
               minimè
               dubium
               sit
               .
               Quantam
               autem
               vim
               &
               efficaciam
               habeat
               ad
               haec
               effecta
               producenda
               alimentorum
               diversitas
               in
               domesticis
               &
               mansuetis
               animalibus
               pa●ct
               .
               Cùm
               enim
               fera
               in
               plerisque
               speciebus
               eosdem
               colores
               servent
               in
               universum
               omnia
               ,
               mansueta
               &
               domestica
               coloribus
               infinitum
               variant
               ,
               nec
               coloribus
               tantùm
               sed
               &
               carnis
               sapore
               aliisque
               ,
               accidentibus
               .
               Coeli
               solique
               diversitas
               quid
               in
               hoc
               genere
               possit
               pluribus
               exemplis
               facile
               esset
               demonstrare
               .
               Hinc
               in
               Septentrio●alibus
               frigidis
               &
               montibus
               altissimis
               maximam
               anni
               partem
               nivibus
               obtectis
               Vrsi
               ;
               Vulpes
               ,
               Lepores
               ,
               Perdices
               ,
               
               Corvi
               albi
               non
               pauci
               reperiuntur
               ,
               quae
               in
               temperatioribus
               rarissimè
               occurrunt
               &
               pro
               monstris
               ferè
               habentur
               .
               Hinc
               in
               Anglia
               nostra
               boves
               Lancastrenses
               v.
               g.
               mirum
               quantum
               à
               Sussexianis
               cornuum
               pulchritudine
               totâque
               specie
               externâ
               ,
               à
               Wallicis
               &
               Scoticis
               magnitudine
               differant
               .
               Idem
               est
               &
               de
               ovibus
               ,
               quae
               in
               montosis
               &
               sterilioribus
               adeò
               parum
               magnitudine
               proficiunt
               ut
               pro
               quinque
               solidis
               singulae
               veneant
               ;
               in
               pinguibus
               verò
               temperatis
               in
               eam
               molem
               excrescunt
               ,
               ut
               duas
               etiam
               libras
               nostrae
               monetae
               valeant
               .
               Quòd
               si
               animalia
               isthaec
               mutuo
               transferas
               ,
               Septentrionalia
               sci
               .
               aut
               montosa
               in
               locum
               Meridionalium
               campestriumve
               ,
               &
               vice
               versa
               ,
               prosapiam
               suam
               non
               diu
               retinent
               ,
               verùm
               paulatim
               degenerant
               &
               ad
               indigenarum
               mensuram
               &
               indolem
               accedunt
               .
            
             
               Dico
               secundo
               ,
               Dari
               interdum
               in
               plantis
               veram
               specierum
               traensmutationem
               omnino
               concedendum
               esse
               ,
               ni
               testibus
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               &
               gravibus
               imprimis
               scriptoribus
               omnem
               fidem
               derogare
               velimus
               .
               
                 Nam
                 Wormius
                 Musei
                 lib.
                 2.
                 cap.
                 7.
                 pag.
                 150.
              
               asserit
               se
               habere
               hordeum
               quod
               Hermaphroditicum
               vocat
               ,
               quia
               in
               una
               spica
               &
               hordeum
               &
               secale
               continet
               ,
               cujus
               descriptionem
               vide
               sis
               loco
               citato
               .
               Johnsonus
               quoque
               apud
               
                 Gerardum
                 lib.
                 1.
                 cap.
                 46.
                 pag.
                 65.
              
               sibi
               ostensum
               refert
               à
               
                 D.
                 Goodyer
              
               spicam
               Tritici
               albi
               ,
               circa
               cujus
               mediam
               partem
               tria
               aut
               quatuor
               grana
               avenacea
               undique
               perfecta
               enata
               sunt
               .
               Et
               biennio
               abhinc
               affirmavit
               mihi
               ,
               cùm
               Oxonii
               essem
               ,
               
                 Jacobus
                 Bobertus
              
               filius
               ,
               è
               semine
               Primulae
               veris
               majoris
               sibi
               exortas
               Primulam
               vulgarem
               ,
               &
               Primulam
               pratensem
               inodoram
               luteam
               .
               Observandum
               autem
               est
               ,
               transmutationem
               hanc
               dari
               tantùm
               inter
               species
               cognatas
               &
               ejusdem
               generis
               participes
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               
               
                 A
              
               
                 ABies
                 foemina
                 ,
                 sive
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Abies
                 Park
                 .
                 Abies
                 &
                 Abies
                 mas
                 Ger.
                 Nos
                 enim
                 has
                 non
                 distinguimus
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 
                   C.
                   Bauhin●
                
                 quoque
                 Bellonium
                 &
                 Dodonaeum
                 secutus
                 praeter
                 Piceam
                 duas
                 faciat
                 Abietis
                 species
                 ,
                 nimirum
                 I
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 conis
                 fursum
                 spectantibus
                 ,
                 sive
                 marem
                 ,
                 &
                 II
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 albam
                 sive
                 foeminam
                 .
                 Hac
                 de
                 re
                 fusiùs
                 disserentem
                 vide
                 
                   J.
                   Bauhinum
                
                 qui
                 nec
                 Bellonium
                 nec
                 Dodonaeum
                 Abietem
                 distinctè
                 novisse
                 demonstrat
                 .
                 
                   The
                   female
                   Fir-tree
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sueviae
                 &
                 Bavariae
                 sylvis
                 primùm
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 postea
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 copiosè
                 .
                 Quae
                 de
                 Abiete
                 annotavimus
                 vide
                 in
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 †
                 Abies
                 mas
                 Theophr
                 .
                 Picea
                 Latinorum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Abies
                 mas
                 Theophrasti
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Picea
                 Park
                 .
                 Picea
                 major
                 Ger.
                 P.
                 major
                 I
                 ,
                 sive
                 Abies
                 rubra
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Haec
                 est
                 quam
                 vulgò
                 in
                 Anglia
                 
                   The
                   Fir-tree
                
                 vocant
                 ,
                 fnque
                 hortis
                 &
                 areis
                 colunt
                 .
                 Cum
                 priore
                 ,
                 sed
                 copiosiùs
                 multò
                 .
              
               
                 Abrotanum
                 foemina
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 foem
                 .
                 foliis
                 teretibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaecy
                 parissus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Common
                   Lavender
                   Cotton
                   .
                
                 Circa
                 oppidum
                 
                   S.
                   Cyriaci
                
                 in
                 Etruria
                 copiosè
                 atque
                 indè
                 incipiendo
                 ad
                 Statum
                 usque
                 Ecclesiasticum
                 seu
                 territorium
                 Papae
                 ,
                 secus
                 vias
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Ventris
                 lumbricos
                 sumptum
                 interimit
                 ,
                 quotidiano
                 experimento
                 muliercularum
                 ,
                 tum
                 semen
                 ,
                 tum
                 etiam
                 herba
                 .
                 Folia
                 sicca
                 ad
                 sistenda
                 alba
                 foeminarum
                 profluvia
                 conferre
                 scribit
                 Matthiolus
                 .
              
               
                 Abrotanum
                 faemina
                 villosis
                 &
                 incanis
                 foliis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Seriphium
                 Dioscoridis
                 Abrotani
                 foem
                 .
                 facie
                 
                   Ad.
                   Lob.
                
                 In
                 Gallo-provincia
                 ,
                 montis
                 celsi
                 D.
                 Magdalenae
                 cryptâ
                 celebris
                 acclivibus
                 Lobelio
                 &
                 nobis
                 observatum
                 .
                 Fragrantius
                 mihi
                 visum
                 est
                 vulgari
                 Abrotano
                 foem
                 .
                 alioquin
                 ei
                 persimile
                 .
              
               
                 Abrotanum
                 foemina
                 foliis
                 Ericae
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Chamaecyparissus
                 unguentaria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 circa
                 molendina
                 Nemausi
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Abrotanum
                 inodorum
                 Lob.
                 campestre
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Artemisia
                 tenuifolia
                 sive
                 leptaphyllos
                 ,
                 aliis
                 Abrotanum
                 sylvestre
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ad
                 vias
                 &
                 in
                 sterilioribus
                 ubique
                 ferè
                 .
                 Hanc
                 speciem
                 &
                 in
                 Anglia
                 nuper
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
               
                 Absinthium
                 arborescens
                 
                   Lob.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 arborescens
                 Lobelii
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 Abrotanum
                 foem
                 .
                 arborescens
                 Ger.
                 Abr.
                 latifolium
                 arborescens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Italis
                 &
                 Siculis
                 
                   Herba
                   bianca
                   .
                   Tree-Wormwood
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Regno
                 Neapolitano
                 ,
                 &
                 insularum
                 adjacentium
                 rupibus
                 maritimis
                 .
              
               
                 Absinthium
                 Ponticum
                 &
                 Romanum
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ait
                 Caesalpinus
                 in
                 collibus
                 argillosis
                 agro
                 Senensi
                 frequens
                 ,
                 esse
                 :
                 quod
                 &
                 nos
                 verum
                 comperimus
                 cùm
                 Florentiâ
                 Romam
                 iremus
                 .
              
               
                 Absinthium
                 Scriphium
                 Narbonense
                 Park
                 .
                 Seriph
                 .
                 tenuifolium
                 maritimum
                 Narbon
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Seriph
                 .
                 Gallicum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Propè
                 Portum
                 Liburnum
                 in
                 Italia
                 atque
                 etaim
                 juxta
                 Monspelium
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Absinthium
                 tenuifolium
                 Austriacum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Auster
                 .
                 tenuifolium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ponticum
                 tenuifolium
                 Austriacum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 vias
                 non
                 longè
                 á
                 Vienna
                 Austriae
                 quà
                 ad
                 Neapolin
                 Austriacam
                 itur
                 .
                 De
                 Absinthii
                 facultatibus
                 consule
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Acacia
                 altera
                 trifolia
                 Ger.
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 trifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 secunda
                 ,
                 seu
                 altera
                 Dioscoridis
                 Park
                 .
                 altera
                 Dioscoridis
                 notior
                 Europaea
                 ▪
                 folio
                 Cytisi
                 ,
                 facie
                 &
                 siliquis
                 Genistae-sparti
                 spinosi
                 Lob.
                 Aspalathus
                 secunda
                 t●ifolia
                 ,
                 quae
                 Acacia
                 secunda
                 Matthiolo
                 trifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 propè
                 Mossanam
                 ;
                 Italia
                 circa
                 Neapolin
                 ,
                 &
                 Gallo-provincia
                 circa
                 Tolonam
                 portum
                 .
              
               
                 Acanthus
                 sativus
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 sativus
                 vel
                 mollis
                 Virgilii
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Carduus
                 Acanthus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Branca
                 ursina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Brank-ursine
                   or
                   Bears-breech
                
                 .
                 In
                 Italiae
                 meridionalibus
                 circa
                 Baias
                 &
                 Neapolin
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Est
                 è
                 5
                 herbis
                 emollientibus
                 .
                 Usus
                 potissimùm
                 externus
                 est
                 in
                 clysteribus
                 alissque
                 paregoricis
                 quarumcunque
                 formularum
                 &
                 ut
                 plurimum
                 in
                 cataplasmatis
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Prodest
                 etiam
                 ,
                 auctore
                 Dodonaeo
                 ,
                 tabidis
                 ,
                 sanguinem
                 spuentibus
                 ,
                 ex
                 alto
                 delapsis
                 ,
                 ictu
                 aliquo
                 aut
                 conatu
                 supra
                 vires
                 laesis
                 ,
                 non
                 minùs
                 quam
                 Symphyti
                 majoris
                 radices
                 ,
                 quas
                 substantiâ
                 ,
                 lento
                 succo
                 ,
                 &
                 qualitate
                 proximè
                 resert
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Acanthi
                 folia
                 ob
                 figurae
                 ve●ustatem
                 &
                 elegantiam
                 veteres
                 Architecti
                 columnarum
                 capitulis
                 insculpere
                 solebant
                 .
                 Frondibus
                 Acanthi
                 (
                 inquit
                 Vitruvius
                 ,
                 lib.
                 4.
                 cap.
                 1.
                 )
                 Columnas
                 Corinthiacas
                 coronabant
                 .
              
               
                 Acanthium
                 Illyricum
                 Park
                 .
                 Illyric
                 .
                 purpureum
                 Ger.
                 Spina
                 tomentosa
                 altera
                 spinosor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Carduus
                 quibusdam
                 dictus
                 Acanthium
                 Illyricum
                 ,
                 aliis
                 vero
                 Onopordon
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 frequens
                 occurrit
                 .
              
               
               
                 Acarm
                 flore
                 purpuro
                 rubente
                 patulo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Acanthoides
                 parva
                 Apula
                 Col.
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 propè
                 Messanam
                 ,
                 Italia
                 propè
                 Florentiam
                 ,
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 in
                 arenosis
                 .
              
               
                 Acarna
                 major
                 caule
                 folioso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Acarnae
                 similis
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 ,
                 Chamaeleon
                 Salmanticensis
                 Clusio
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 Propè
                 montem
                 S.
                 Lupi
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 oppidulo
                 
                   S.
                   Lupian
                
                 dicto
                 ,
                 itémque
                 juxta
                 vias
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 oppidulo
                 Vic
                 in
                 valle
                 Frontigniana
                 .
              
               
                 Acer
                 acutioribus
                 foliis
                 
                   Gesn
                   .
                   hort
                
                 .
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanum
                 tenuissimis
                 &
                 acutis
                 foliis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Aceris
                 majoris
                 varietas
                 altera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Stiriae
                 &
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Sabaudicis
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Acer
                 majus
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 ma.
                 latifolium
                 ,
                 Sycomorus
                 falsò
                 dictum
                 Park
                 .
                 maj
                 .
                 multis
                 falsò
                 Platanus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 montánum
                 candidum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   The
                   Sycomore
                   tree
                   or
                   greater
                   Maple
                   .
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Acer
                 majus
                 folio
                 rotundiore
                 minúsque
                 ,
                 laciniato
                 .
                 An
                 Acer
                 II
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 montanum
                 flavum
                 sive
                 crispum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Observavimus
                 primò
                 in
                 Hetruriae
                 sylvis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Viterbo
                 ,
                 postea
                 etiam
                 in
                 montibus
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Acer
                 trifolium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Creticum
                 trifolium
                 Park
                 .
                 Monspessulanum
                 
                   Lugd.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylva
                 Valena
                 propè
                 montem
                 S.
                 Lupi
                 ;
                 itémque
                 in
                 collibus
                 juxta
                 Castelneuf
                 pagum
                 Monspelio
                 propinquum
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 etiam
                 propè
                 Gratianopolin
                 ,
                 in
                 rupibus
                 juxta
                 pontem
                 quem
                 transimus
                 cundo
                 
                   à
                   la
                   fountaine
                   que
                   brusli
                
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Ra●lix
                 ,
                 prodente
                 Plinio
                 ,
                 contusa
                 è
                 vino
                 jecinoris
                 doloribus
                 utilissimè
                 imponitur
                 .
              
               
                 Acetosa
                 montana
                 maxima
                 v.
                 Oxalis
                 maxima
                 .
              
               
                 Acetosa
                 Ocymi
                 facie
                 Neapolitana
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Neapolitana
                 Ocymi
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 Ocymus
                 facie
                 Neapolitana
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 Col.
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Reg●o
                 Neapolitano
                 ,
                 in
                 vineis
                 &
                 arenosis
                 frequentissima
                 .
              
               
                 Achillea
                 v.
                 Millefolium
                 .
              
               
                 Acini
                 pulchra
                 species
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Clinopodium
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Austriacum
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 va●iis
                 in
                 locis
                 .
                 Stone-Basil
                 .
              
               
                 Aco●i●um
                 lycoctonum
                 Napello
                 simile
                 Neuberagense
                 ,
                 folii●
                 latioribus
                 ,
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Aconitum
                 Napello
                 simile
                 sed
                 minus
                 ,
                 caeruleum
                 ,
                 praecocius
                 ejusdem
                 ?
                 Hanc
                 plantam
                 in
                 sepibus
                 non
                 longe
                 à
                 Memminga
                 Sueviae
                 urbe
                 observavimus
                 .
              
               
                 Aconitum
                 folio
                 Platani
                 ,
                 flore
                 luteo
                 pallescente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 lycoctonum
                 luteum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 lut
                 .
                 Ponticum
                 serotinum
                 Park
                 .
                 luteum
                 Ponticum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Yellow
                   Wols-bane
                
                 .
                 In
                 
                 colle
                 
                   La
                   Bastle
                
                 ,
                 aliisque
                 montibus
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 copiosè
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Facultato
                 est
                 hominibus
                 aliisque
                 animalibus
                 exitiali
                 &
                 pernitiosâ
                 .
                 Semen
                 ejus
                 aut
                 radix
                 in
                 pulverem
                 redacta
                 ,
                 &
                 oleo
                 temperata
                 ut
                 unguentum
                 indè
                 fiat
                 illitu
                 pediculos
                 ac
                 furfures
                 enecat
                 &
                 abstergit
                 .
                 Trag.
                 
              
               
                 Aconitum
                 hyemale
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 hyem
                 .
                 Belgarum
                 Lob.
                 1
                 ,
                 sive
                 unifolium
                 luteum
                 bulbosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ranunculus
                 cum
                 flore
                 in
                 medio
                 folio
                 ,
                 radice
                 tuberosâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Anemone
                 Bononiensium
                 nonnullis
                 dicitur
                 ,
                 quoniam
                 circa
                 Bononiam
                 &
                 per
                 totam
                 etiam
                 Lombardiam
                 copiosissimè
                 provenit
                 ,
                 mensis
                 Februarii
                 initio
                 florens
                 .
              
               
                 Aconitum
                 pardalianches
                 v.
                 Thora
                 .
              
               
                 Acontitum
                 racemosum
                 v.
                 Christophoriana
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Adianthum
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 sive
                 furcatum
                 Thalii
                 .
                 Filix
                 faxatilis
                 
                   Tragi
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 saxat
                 .
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 corniculata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 rupium
                 fissuris
                 propè
                 Rhenum
                 Fl.
                 invenimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
                 Tho.
                 Willisellus
                 nuper
                 in
                 Scotia
                 .
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Adianthum
                 sive
                 Capillus
                 Veneris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 verum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Capillus
                 Veneris
                 verus
                 Park
                 .
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 foliis
                 Coriandri
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Capillus
                 Veneris
                 verus
                 
                   Ger.
                   Black
                   Maiden-hair
                
                 .
                 In
                 humidis
                 &
                 umbrosis
                 rupibus
                 &
                 puteis
                 ,
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 &
                 Italia
                 vulgaro
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Pulmonum
                 renúque
                 vitiis
                 medetur
                 ;
                 epatis
                 &
                 lienis
                 obstructiones
                 reserat
                 ;
                 Urinam
                 &
                 menses
                 ciet
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Verùm
                 de
                 ejus
                 virtutibus
                 &
                 usu
                 integrum
                 libellum
                 scripsit
                 Gallicè
                 Petrus
                 Formius
                 M.
                 D.
                 Monspeliensis
                 .
              
               
                 Aegilops
                 Narbonensis
                 Lob.
                 Festuca
                 sive
                 Aeg.
                 Narbonensis
                 Park
                 .
                 Festuca
                 Italica
                 Ger.
                 Gramen
                 Festucae
                 XIV
                 ,
                 sive
                 Festuca
                 altera
                 capitulis
                 duris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 vulgatissima
                 .
              
               
                 Ageratum
                 purpureum
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 purpureum
                 Park
                 .
                 serratum
                 Alpinum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 rupibus
                 ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 &
                 in
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 ;
                 Utrobique
                 copiosè
                 .
              
               
                 Ageratum
                 Sèptentrionalium
                 Lob.
                 vulgare
                 ,
                 sive
                 Costus
                 hortorum
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 foliis
                 serratis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ager
                 .
                 plerisque
                 ,
                 Herba
                 Julia
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Balsamita
                 foemina
                 sive
                 Ageratum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Maudlin
                   Tansie
                
                 .
                 In
                 Etruria
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 ,
                 Florentiam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 abundé
                 .
                 Trago
                 &
                 Matth.
                 
                   Eupatorium
                   Mesuae
                
                 dicitur
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Substantiae
                 tenuis
                 est
                 ,
                 saporis
                 aromatici
                 ,
                 attenuat
                 ,
                 exterget
                 ,
                 putredini
                 resistit
                 ,
                 Epaticum
                 est
                 ,
                 laxat
                 alvum
                 quàm
                 blandissimé
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 ciet
                 urinam
                 ,
                 uterúmque
                 emollit
                 (
                 suffitu
                 )
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 E
                 foliis
                 hujus
                 &
                 Ophioglossi
                 contusis
                 inque
                 oleo
                 olivarum
                 bullitis
                 ,
                 addito
                 cerae
                 ,
                 resinae
                 siccae
                 &
                 Terebinthinae
                 tantillo
                 ,
                 unguentum
                 sive
                 emplastrum
                 efficitur
                 sarcoticum
                 praestantissimum
                 ,
                 Gerardo
                 saepiùs
                 probatum
                 .
              
               
                 Agnus
                 castus
                 Offic.
                 Ag.
                 folio
                 non
                 serrato
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Vitex
                 foliis
                 angustioribus
                 Cannabis
                 modo
                 dispositis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Vitex
                 sive
                 Agnus
                 castus
                 Ger.
                 Vitex
                 sive
                 Agnus
                 castus
                 folio
                 angusto
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   The
                   Chast
                   tree
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Regno
                 Neapolitano
                 satìs
                 frequens
                 .
                 Agnum
                 castum
                 Officinae
                 ineptè
                 appellant
                 ,
                 non
                 advertentes
                 castum
                 nibil
                 aliud
                 esse
                 quàm
                 expositionem
                 Agni
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Calf
                 .
                 &
                 siccat
                 ,
                 insignite●
                 discutit
                 ,
                 menses
                 ciet
                 ,
                 appetitus
                 Venereos
                 cohibet
                 ,
                 semen
                 imminuit
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Plurimas
                 ei
                 virtutes
                 ascribunt
                 Veteres
                 ,
                 quos
                 consulat
                 qui
                 velit
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Athenis
                 ,
                 Thesmophoriis
                 Cereris
                 sacro
                 mulieres
                 castitatem
                 custodientes
                 foliis
                 Viticis
                 cubitus
                 sibi
                 sternere
                 solebant
                 ,
                 unde
                 ei
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 nomen
                 .
              
               
                 Aizoon
                 v.
                 Sedum
                 .
              
               
                 Alaternus
                 major
                 seu
                 prior
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Bourgespine
                   Monspoliensium
                
                 ,
                 Alaternus
                 Plinii
                 Clusio
                 &
                 Anguillarae
                 Lob.
                 Spinae
                 Burgi
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Philyca
                 elatior
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 praecipuè
                 ad
                 mare
                 inferum
                 ,
                 necnon
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 .
                 Foliorum
                 figurâ
                 &
                 incisuris
                 multùm
                 variat
                 .
              
               
                 Alcea
                 pentaphyllea
                 Park
                 .
                 Pentaphylli
                 folio
                 vel
                 cannabina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 cannabina
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 fruticosa
                 cannabina
                 Ger.
                 In
                 aggeribus
                 fossaurm
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Alcea
                 villosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 VIII
                 ,
                 sive
                 hirsuta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 villosa
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 vinetis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 sepibus
                 non
                 procul
                 Genevâ
                 .
              
               
                 Alchimilla
                 minor
                 quinquefolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Pentaphyllum
                 .
              
               
                 Alcyonium
                 4
                 Dioscoridis
                 v.
                 Bursa
                 marina
                 .
              
               
                 Alcyonium
                 5
                 Dioscoridis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Auricula
                 marina
                 Caes
                 .
                 Fungus
                 auricularis
                 Caesalpini
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 rupibus
                 aquâ
                 marinâ
                 tectis
                 propè
                 Portum
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 alibi
                 juxta
                 italiam
                 &
                 Sicillam
                 .
              
               
                 Alkekengi
                 Lon.
                 Halicacabum
                 sive
                 Alkakengi
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 Solanum
                 bacciferum
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 vesicarium
                 ,
                 quòd
                 folliculi
                 vesicae
                 inflatae
                 similes
                 ;
                 vel
                 ut
                 Plin.
                 l.
                 21.
                 c.
                 31.
                 quoniam
                 vesicae
                 &
                 calculis
                 prosit
                 ,
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 halicacabum
                 Ger.
                 hal
                 .
                 vulgare
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 in
                 sylvosis
                 in
                 insula
                 Danubii
                 juxta
                 Viennam
                 Austriae
                 ;
                 deinde
                 in
                 Italia
                 propè
                 Romam
                 in
                 scrobibus
                 invenimus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 baccae
                 nephriticae
                 ,
                 diureticae
                 ac
                 lithontripticae
                 insignes
                 sunt
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 calculo
                 renum
                 &
                 
                 vesicae
                 ,
                 in
                 ictero
                 (
                 baccae
                 &
                 folia
                 )
                 in
                 sanguine
                 coagulato
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Sumi
                 autem
                 possunt
                 vel
                 vio
                 infusae
                 ,
                 vel
                 in
                 sero
                 lactis
                 aut
                 Zythogalo
                 decoctae
                 ,
                 vel
                 in
                 pulverem
                 redactae
                 in
                 quovis
                 liquore
                 .
              
               
                 Allium
                 Alpinum
                 v.
                 Victorialis
                 .
              
               
                 Allium
                 sphaerocephalum
                 purpureum
                 sylvestre
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Allium
                 seu
                 Moly
                 montanum
                 purpureum
                 elegantissimo
                 flore
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   pan
                
                 .
                 An
                 Allium
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 sphaericeum
                 folio
                 latiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Allium
                 sylv
                 .
                 bicorne
                 purpureum
                 proliferum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ubi
                 accurata
                 ejus
                 habetur
                 &
                 figura
                 &
                 descriptio
                 .
                 Al.
                 montanum
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 mont
                 .
                 bicorne
                 anguistifolium
                 flore
                 purpurascente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Moly
                 montanum
                 2
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Germania
                 inter
                 Lodeshemium
                 &
                 Basileam
                 .
              
               
                 Allium
                 sylv
                 .
                 bicorne
                 flore
                 obsoleto
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 bicorne
                 proliferum
                 flore
                 intus
                 albescente
                 ,
                 cum
                 stria
                 purpurascente
                 externè
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Genevae
                 inter
                 segetes
                 freq
                 .
              
               
                 Allium
                 sylv
                 .
                 perpusillum
                 v.
                 Moly
                 moschatum
                 .
              
               
                 Aloe
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulg
                 .
                 sve
                 sempervivum
                 marinum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Melita
                 insolis
                 ,
                 in
                 muris
                 &
                 ●ectis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Succus
                 hujus
                 plantae
                 ,
                 Aloe
                 dictus
                 ,
                 vim
                 praeter
                 purgantem
                 obtinet
                 &
                 exiccantem
                 ,
                 calefacientémque
                 ;
                 proritat
                 haemorrhoidas
                 &
                 menses
                 ,
                 roborat
                 ventriculum
                 ,
                 enecat
                 &
                 expellit
                 lumbricos
                 ,
                 arcet
                 putredinem
                 ,
                 astringit
                 ,
                 consolidat
                 ,
                 exterget
                 ,
                 adeóque
                 vulnerarium
                 est
                 insigne
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Aloe
                 pene
                 sola
                 medicamentorum
                 quae
                 alvum
                 solvunt
                 ;
                 confirmat
                 etiam
                 stomachum
                 ,
                 adeo
                 non
                 infestat
                 ●i
                 aliqua
                 contrariâ
                 
                   Plin.
                   Galen
                
                 .
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Quòd
                 frequens
                 Aloes
                 usus
                 haemorrhoidum
                 venas
                 aperiat
                 ,
                 ego
                 (
                 inquit
                 Fuchsius
                 )
                 millies
                 observavi
                 ;
                 &
                 vos
                 ex
                 100
                 eorum
                 qui
                 Aloe
                 ad
                 excernendas
                 faeces
                 utuntur
                 videbitis
                 90
                 haemorrhoidarum
                 fluxum
                 pati
                 ;
                 omisso
                 verò
                 Aloes
                 usu
                 venas
                 illas
                 claudi
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Caeterùm
                 tria
                 Aloes
                 genera
                 in
                 Officinis
                 habentur
                 ,
                 (
                 1.
                 )
                 Socotrina
                 ,
                 omnium
                 optima
                 &
                 purissima
                 ,
                 ab
                 insula
                 Socotora
                 unde
                 advehitur
                 dicta
                 .
                 (
                 2.
                 )
                 Hepatica
                 ,
                 colore●
                 hepatis
                 referens
                 ,
                 priore
                 impurior
                 .
                 (
                 3.
                 )
                 Caballina
                 ,
                 quae
                 est
                 Aloes
                 crassamentum
                 ,
                 seu
                 pars
                 impurior
                 ,
                 arenosa
                 &
                 sordibus
                 conspurcata
                 ,
                 ideóque
                 caballis
                 seu
                 equis
                 exhibenda
                 .
                 His
                 addit
                 Schroderus
                 (
                 4.
                 )
                 Lucidam
                 ,
                 adeò
                 depuratam
                 ut
                 transparens
                 sit
                 :
                 Alii
                 non
                 distinguunt
                 Socotrinam
                 ab
                 Hepatica
                 ,
                 ut
                 neque
                 Lucidam
                 à
                 Socotriná
                 ;
                 adeóque
                 duo
                 tantùm
                 genera
                 faciunt
                 ,
                 Hepaticam
                 scilicet
                 &
                 ●aballinam
                 .
              
               
               
                 Alopecuros
                 Ger.
                 genuina
                 Park
                 .
                 Gramen
                 Alopecuroides
                 spicâ
                 rotundiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Gr.
                 Alopecuros
                 spicâ
                 Brevi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Fox-tail
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 praesertim
                 in
                 arenosis
                 ,
                 ut
                 v.
                 g.
                 propè
                 oppidum
                 Frontinianam
                 ,
                 circa
                 Baias
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Alsine
                 baccifera
                 Ger.
                 scandens
                 baccifera
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 repens
                 baccifera
                 Park
                 .
                 Cacubalum
                 quibusdam
                 vel
                 Alsine
                 baccifera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sepibus
                 ,
                 primò
                 non
                 longè
                 á
                 Francosurto
                 ad
                 Moenum
                 ,
                 postea
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
                 quoque
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 observavimus
                 .
              
               
                 Alsine
                 folio
                 crasso
                 ,
                 an
                 Alsine
                 fqueetida
                 Fabii
                 Columnae
                 Dioscoridea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Primò
                 se
                 nobis
                 obtulit
                 in
                 Liguria
                 circa
                 Portum
                 Veneris
                 ,
                 deinde
                 alibi
                 etiam
                 tum
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 tum
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Alsine
                 foliis
                 hederaceis
                 Rutae
                 modo
                 
                   divisis
                   Lob.
                
                 recta
                 triphyllos
                 ,
                 sive
                 laciniata
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   IV
                
                 ,
                 sive
                 triphyllos
                 caerulea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 folio
                 profundè
                 secto
                 ,
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 seu
                 violaceo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 propè
                 Lovanium
                 .
                 Hanc
                 nuper
                 in
                 Anglia
                 invenit
                 .
                 T.
                 Willisellus
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Alsine
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 serrato
                 ,
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 item
                 Erinos
                 Columnae
                 minor
                 ejusdem
                 .
                 Rapunculus
                 minor
                 foliis
                 incisis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 muris
                 &
                 siccioribus
                 Messane
                 &
                 Monspelii
                 .
                 Nos
                 cum
                 primùm
                 hanc
                 vidimus
                 ad
                 speculum
                 Veneris
                 retulimus
                 .
              
               
                 Alsine
                 maxima
                 Lugd.
                 max.
                 Hist
                 .
                 Lugdunensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Al
                 's
                 .
                 oblongo
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 ad
                 latera
                 montium
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Alsine
                 muscosa
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 tenuifolia
                 muscosa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Locis
                 humidis
                 ad
                 fontes
                 &
                 aquarum
                 scaturigines
                 in
                 montibus
                 Stiriae
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 Jura
                 &
                 Saleve
                 mox
                 dictis
                 .
                 Flos
                 hujus
                 tetrapetalos
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Althaea
                 frutex
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 Alth.
                 frutescens
                 folio
                 rotundiore
                 incano
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Alth.
                 arborescens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Haec
                 eadem
                 non
                 est
                 cum
                 Althaea
                 Olbii
                 Ad.
                 licèt
                 Lobelius
                 velit
                 ,
                 sed
                 diversa
                 ,
                 ut
                 rectè
                 Clusius
                 ;
                 quamvis
                 &
                 hanc
                 quoque
                 speciem
                 circa
                 Olbiam
                 Gallo-provinciae
                 observaverimus
                 spontaneam
                 .
                 Foliis
                 est
                 Malvae
                 vulgaris
                 rotundis
                 ,
                 at
                 incanis
                 ,
                 flore
                 majore
                 incarnato
                 .
                 In
                 rupibus
                 non
                 longè
                 á
                 specu
                 Frontignana
                 &
                 propè
                 Tolonam
                 .
              
               
                 Alypum
                 montis
                 Ceti
                 ,
                 sive
                 Herba
                 terribilis
                 Narbonensium
                 Ad.
                 Al.
                 Monspeliensium
                 sive
                 Herba
                 terribilis
                 Park
                 .
                 Al.
                 Monspelianum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Frutex
                 terribilis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Thymelaea
                 foliis
                 acutis
                 ,
                 capitulo
                 Succisae
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alypum
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Titulus
                 locum
                 designat
                 v.
                 g.
                 Promontorium
                 Ceti
                 propè
                 Frontignanam
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 etiam
                 non
                 minùs
                 copiosè
                 in
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 juxta
                 S.
                 Chamas
                 Gallo-provinciae
                 oppidum
                 .
              
               
               
                 Aly
                 ssum
                 minus
                 v.
                 Thlaspi
                 minus
                 .
              
               
                 Amarantus
                 luteus
                 v.
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 .
              
               
                 Ambrosia
                 Ger.
                 maritima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 hortensis
                 Park
                 .
                 Ambrosia
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 maritimis
                 Etruriae
                 arcnosis
                 .
              
               
                 Amelanchier
                 
                   Lob.
                   v.
                
                 Diospyros
                 .
              
               
                 Ammi
                 vulgare
                 Ger.
                 vulgatius
                 
                   Lob.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 vulgare
                 majus
                 latioribus
                 foliis
                 ,
                 semine
                 minùs
                 odoro
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Italia
                 in
                 hortis
                 ,
                 vineis
                 &
                 pinguioribus
                 arvis
                 interdum
                 nimis
                 frequens
                 .
                 Hujus
                 differentiam
                 observavimus
                 foliis
                 magìs
                 incisis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Semen
                 Ammeos
                 veri
                 (
                 quod
                 ab
                 hoc
                 diversum
                 est
                 )
                 partium
                 est
                 tenuium
                 ,
                 incidit
                 ,
                 aperit
                 ,
                 disc
                 .
                 Hinc
                 convenit
                 in
                 dolore
                 colico
                 &
                 uterino
                 ,
                 in
                 mensibus
                 &
                 urina
                 obstructis
                 ,
                 in
                 inflatione
                 ventriculi
                 usûsque
                 praecipuè
                 interni
                 est
                 ,
                 hinc
                 &
                 externi
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Mirificè
                 prodest
                 mulierum
                 sterilitati
                 ,
                 si
                 in
                 pulverem
                 contritum
                 propinotur
                 manè
                 drachmae
                 pondere
                 ex
                 vino
                 meraco
                 vel
                 carnium
                 jure
                 ,
                 tribus
                 ante
                 cibum
                 horis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Remedium
                 est
                 praestantiss
                 .
                 &
                 pluries
                 expertum
                 .
                 Matth.
                 
              
               
                 Amygdalus
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Am.
                 dulcis
                 &
                 amara
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 sativa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   The
                   Almond
                   tree
                
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 in
                 agris
                 ,
                 non
                 tamen
                 ut
                 puto
                 sponte
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Amygdalae
                 dulces
                 multùm
                 nutriunt
                 ,
                 corpus
                 pinguefaciunt
                 ,
                 humorum
                 acrimoniam
                 leniunt
                 ,
                 semen
                 genitale
                 augent
                 ,
                 unde
                 tabidis
                 &
                 macilentis
                 conveniunt
                 .
                 Adhibentur
                 autem
                 praeciquè
                 in
                 emulsionibus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Amygdalae
                 (
                 inquit
                 Galenus
                 &
                 experientia
                 confirmat
                 )
                 nihil
                 prorsus
                 habent
                 facultatis
                 adstringentis
                 ;
                 unde
                 non
                 audiendi
                 sunt
                 qui
                 febribus
                 lactis
                 Amygdalini
                 dicti
                 usum
                 ideo
                 vetant
                 ,
                 nè
                 sc
                 .
                 alvum
                 astringat
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Sunt
                 qui
                 sibi
                 persuadent
                 non
                 turum
                 esse
                 cremoris
                 Amygdalini
                 usum
                 febricitantibus
                 &
                 iis
                 qui
                 stomachum
                 biliosum
                 habent
                 ,
                 quia
                 ob
                 unctuositatem
                 suam
                 facilè
                 inflammatur
                 ,
                 choleram
                 auget
                 &
                 vaproes
                 ad
                 caput
                 mittit
                 .
                 Nos
                 in
                 cremore
                 unctuositatem
                 illam
                 non
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 nec
                 quicquam
                 nocumentorum
                 jam
                 dictorum
                 ,
                 licet
                 in
                 febribus
                 &
                 calidis
                 morbis
                 saepe
                 usi
                 sumus
                 ,
                 &
                 utamur
                 ipsi
                 indies
                 etiamin
                 nostro
                 corpore
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 quem
                 adi
                 .
                 Bauhino
                 nostra
                 quoque
                 experientia
                 suffragatur
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Oleum
                 Amygdalarum
                 dulcium
                 pulmoni
                 &
                 pectori
                 utilissimum
                 esse
                 nostrâ
                 experientiâ
                 multorum
                 commodo
                 saepissimè
                 exploratum
                 :
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 &
                 paulo
                 post
                 ,
                 Est
                 sanè
                 medicamentum
                 verè
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 multa
                 efficax
                 ,
                 blandum
                 ,
                 gratum
                 &
                 veluti
                 quidam
                 typus
                 aliorum
                 oleorum
                 ejusdem
                 generis
                 ;
                 seimus
                 quid
                 possit
                 in
                 colico
                 dolore
                 ab
                 
                 induratis
                 faecibus
                 ,
                 ab
                 humore
                 acri
                 ,
                 in
                 quibus
                 tutò
                 &
                 maximo
                 successu
                 multoties
                 exhibuimus
                 .
                 Sed
                 recenter
                 oportet
                 esse
                 expressum
                 .
                 Dos
                 .
                 à
                 ℥
                 iij.
                 ad
                 
                   lb
                
                 ss
                 .
                 vel
                 per
                 se
                 ,
                 vel
                 in
                 jure
                 carnium
                 .
                 In
                 constipata
                 alvo
                 mite
                 ,
                 tutum
                 &
                 probatum
                 medicamentum
                 etiam
                 renum
                 dolore
                 divexatis
                 .
                 Est
                 etiam
                 insigne
                 anodynum
                 &
                 unicum
                 propemodum
                 infantium
                 medicamen
                 :
                 quibus
                 etiam
                 recens
                 natis
                 exhibetur
                 ad
                 tormin●
                 ventris
                 compescenda
                 cum
                 Saccharo
                 penidiato
                 ad
                 ʒij
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Magma
                 reliquum
                 post
                 expressionem
                 olei
                 ad
                 extersionem
                 manuum
                 &
                 faciei
                 ,
                 &
                 cutis
                 laevigationem
                 quovis
                 sapone
                 praestanitus
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Amygdalae
                 amarae
                 calide
                 sunt
                 &
                 siccae
                 ,
                 atten
                 .
                 aper
                 .
                 exterg
                 .
                 diureticae
                 sunt
                 ,
                 obstructioni
                 jecoris
                 ,
                 lienis
                 ,
                 mesenterii
                 ,
                 uteríque
                 conferunt
                 .
                 Extrirsecùs
                 lentigines
                 tollunt
                 si
                 masticatae
                 illinantur
                 ,
                 capitis
                 dolori
                 subveniunt
                 (
                 in
                 frontalibus
                 .
                 )
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Am.
                 amarae
                 ebrietatem
                 arcere
                 dicuntur
                 .
                 Novimus
                 tamen
                 (
                 inquit
                 J.
                 B.
                 )
                 qui
                 amuletum
                 illud
                 in
                 usu
                 habentes
                 nihilo
                 secius
                 à
                 Baccho
                 vincuntur
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Amygdalas
                 amaras
                 vulpeculis
                 si
                 comedantur
                 lethales
                 esse
                 tradunt
                 .
                 Marcellus
                 Virgilius
                 in
                 fele
                 pestiferam
                 earum
                 vim
                 expertus
                 est
                 :
                 Jo.
                 Lutzius
                 in
                 gallinis
                 ,
                 quae
                 ex
                 esu
                 magmatis
                 post
                 olei
                 expressionem
                 projecti
                 mortuae
                 sunt
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Anagyris
                 Lob.
                 foetida
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 vera
                 faetida
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 prope
                 Messanam
                 &
                 alibi
                 tum
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 tum
                 etiam
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Anagyris
                 Ger.
                 non
                 foetida
                 major
                 vel
                 Alpina
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 non
                 faetida
                 sive
                 Laburnum
                 majus
                 Park
                 .
                 Laburnum
                 ,
                 arbor
                 trifolia
                 Anagyridi
                 similis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Jurâ
                 &
                 Salevâ
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Sabaudicis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Folia
                 Anag
                 .
                 foetidae
                 trita
                 &
                 imposita
                 tumores
                 reprimunt
                 ;
                 sicca
                 in
                 passo
                 pota
                 menses
                 &
                 secundas
                 movent
                 ,
                 faetum
                 mortuum
                 ejiciunt
                 .
                 Semen
                 commanducatum
                 vomitus
                 movet
                 .
                 Haec
                 ex
                 Veteribus
                 ,
                 nam
                 Officinis
                 nostris
                 in
                 usu
                 non
                 est
                 .
                 Quòd
                 vomitiones
                 faciant
                 tum
                 semen
                 ,
                 tum
                 folia
                 omnes
                 consentiunt
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Accidit
                 interdum
                 ,
                 ut
                 caprae
                 &
                 oves
                 in
                 Creta
                 fame
                 vexatae
                 ,
                 hujus
                 folia
                 depascant
                 ,
                 li●●
                 odoris
                 sit
                 ingratissimi
                 ,
                 &
                 postea
                 ex
                 harum
                 lacte
                 caseus
                 conficiatur
                 :
                 quò
                 si
                 fortè
                 ignarus
                 aliquis
                 vescatur
                 ,
                 aut
                 lac
                 bibat
                 ,
                 statim
                 excitentur
                 tum
                 vehementissimi
                 vomitus
                 ,
                 tum
                 fluxus
                 ventris
                 ;
                 &
                 cùm
                 hoc
                 saepissimè
                 accidat
                 ,
                 multi
                 in
                 discrimen
                 vitae
                 veniunt
                 ;
                 quam
                 ob
                 causam
                 frutex
                 hic
                 omnibus
                 sit
                 exosus
                 .
                 Bellus
                 .
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 Quòd
                 Laburni
                 flores
                 apes
                 non
                 attingant
                 ,
                 Plinius
                 eúmque
                 secuti
                 recentiores
                 Botanici
                 affirmant
                 .
                 Saepenumero
                 autem
                 Laburnum
                 ob
                 ligni
                 duritiem
                 &
                 nigrorem
                 pro
                 Ebeno
                 vaenit
                 ex
                 quo
                 pulchrae
                 fiunt
                 pectinum
                 thecae
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Anchusa
                 angustifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 lignosior
                 angustifolia
                 
                   Lob.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 minor
                 lignosior
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Libanotidis
                 species
                 Rondeletio
                 ejusdem
                 :
                 bis
                 enim
                 describit
                 hanc
                 plantam
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 steribus
                 agri
                 Monspeliensis
                 ,
                 
                   aux
                   Garigues
                
                 ,
                 propè
                 Castelneuf
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Anchusa
                 lutea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 major
                 floribus
                 luteis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 lutea
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 agris
                 sterilioribus
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Lugduno
                 quà
                 Genevam
                 iter
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Anchusa
                 Monspeliaca
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 itémque
                 minor
                 seu
                 Alcibiadion
                 &
                 Onochiles
                 ejusdem
                 .
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 puniceis
                 floribus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Anchusa
                 Alcibiadion
                 Ger.
                 minor
                 purpurea
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 colle
                 arenoso
                 inter
                 Gramontiam
                 sylvam
                 &
                 Castrum
                 novum
                 ,
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Plurimas
                 virtutes
                 Anchusae
                 tribuunt
                 Veteres
                 ,
                 quos
                 consule
                 .
                 Radix
                 oleo
                 soluta
                 rubro
                 colore
                 tingit
                 :
                 petroleo
                 infusa
                 &
                 illita
                 praestans
                 est
                 ad
                 vulnera
                 recentia
                 &
                 puncturas
                 .
                 Park
                 .
              
               
                 Androsace
                 Matthioli
                 Ger.
                 Androsaces
                 Matthioli
                 sivè
                 Fungus
                 petraeus
                 marinus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Umbilicus
                 marinus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 And
                 Matth.
                 sive
                 Cotyledon
                 marina
                 ,
                 &
                 Umbilicus
                 marines
                 Park
                 .
                 Androsaces
                 Chamae
                 conchae
                 innascens
                 vel
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 fundo
                 stagni
                 marini
                 Volcarum
                 ,
                 inter
                 Promontorium
                 Ceti
                 &
                 Balleruch
                 copiosissimè
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 eodem
                 stagno
                 .
              
               
                 Androsaemum
                 foetidum
                 Park
                 .
                 capitulis
                 longissimis
                 filamentis
                 donatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ruta
                 hypericoides
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 Sicilianae
                 affinis
                 sive
                 ,
                 Tragium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Calabria
                 ad
                 aquarum
                 rivos
                 &
                 scaturigines
                 ,
                 ubi
                 in
                 satis
                 magnum
                 fruticem
                 adolescit
                 .
              
               
                 Anemone
                 sylv
                 .
                 alba
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 magna
                 alba
                 ,
                 plurima
                 parte
                 anni
                 slorens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolia
                 alba
                 ,
                 sive
                 tertia
                 Matthioli
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 superiore
                 .
              
               
                 Anemone
                 tuber●●
                 〈◊〉
                 Ger.
                 tenuifolia
                 simplici
                 flore
                 tertia
                 ,
                 sive
                 〈◊〉
                 foliis
                 ,
                 flore
                 violaceo
                 hexaphyllo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Italica
                 〈◊〉
                 ●●●enlis
                 spinosis
                 foliis
                 rum
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Itinere
                 à
                 L●rieio
                 ad
                 Maslam
                 Liguriae
                 copiosam
                 vidimus
                 ,
                 postea
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 Anisum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An.
                 herbariis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 Melitensi
                 magno
                 proventu
                 seritur
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Semen
                 attenuat
                 ,
                 discutit
                 ,
                 commanducatum
                 halitum
                 eris
                 emerdat
                 ;
                 divreticum
                 est
                 ,
                 calculos
                 pellit
                 ;
                 lac
                 
                 auget
                 ,
                 pulmonicum
                 ac
                 stomachicum
                 ,
                 imprimis
                 audit
                 .
                 Hinc
                 usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 tussi
                 &
                 orthopnaea
                 ;
                 in
                 ructu
                 &
                 inflatione
                 ventriculi
                 ,
                 torminibus
                 intestinorum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Oleum
                 ejus
                 aut
                 Quintessentiam
                 ad
                 phrenesin
                 &
                 morbum
                 comitialem
                 commendat
                 Parkinsonus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Nos
                 in
                 doloribus
                 ventriculi
                 à
                 flatibus
                 &
                 pituitosis
                 humoribus
                 ortis
                 oleum
                 Anisi
                 magni
                 faclmus
                 ,
                 exhibitum
                 cum
                 jusculo
                 ,
                 modo
                 paucae
                 dentur
                 guttulae
                 ,
                 tres
                 sc
                 .
                 aut
                 quatuor
                 ,
                 quod
                 tum
                 in
                 nobismet
                 ipsis
                 tum
                 in
                 aliis
                 sumus
                 experti
                 .
                 Colicos
                 ciuciatus
                 quos
                 non
                 potuit
                 sanare
                 [
                 aliis
                 remediis
                 ]
                 oleo
                 Chymico
                 Anisi
                 sanavit
                 Heurnius
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Infantibus
                 ℈
                 i.
                 exhibitum
                 blandè
                 per
                 superiora
                 ac
                 inferiora
                 saburram
                 ventriculi
                 intestinorúmque
                 ejicit
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Caeteris
                 flatum
                 discutientibus
                 medicamentis
                 gratius
                 est
                 ventriculo
                 ,
                 minus
                 ha●et
                 acrimoniae
                 &
                 plus
                 suavitatis
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Pinsunt
                 hoc
                 in
                 panem
                 ex
                 quo
                 Biscoctum
                 parant
                 :
                 quin
                 &
                 spiritibus
                 illis
                 tenuibus
                 ,
                 è
                 quibus
                 generosiores
                 &
                 aquas
                 vitae
                 dictas
                 eliciunt
                 ,
                 leviter
                 contusum
                 ante
                 destillationem
                 infunditur
                 ,
                 ad
                 gratum
                 saporem
                 iis
                 iterata
                 destillatione
                 exaltandis
                 concilandum
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Anisum
                 Melitenses
                 Cuminum
                 dulce
                 appellant
                 ,
                 unde
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 deceptus
                 Cuminum
                 dulce
                 Melitensium
                 prodistincta
                 specie
                 Cumini
                 habuit
                 .
              
               
                 Anonis
                 viscosa
                 spinis
                 carens
                 lutea
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 lutea
                 non
                 spinosa
                 ,
                 Dalechampio
                 natrix
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Natrix
                 Plimi
                 sive
                 Anonis
                 non
                 spinosa
                 lutea
                 major
                 Park
                 Primò
                 illam
                 observavimus
                 in
                 arenofis
                 insulae
                 istius
                 exiguae
                 Promontorio
                 Siciliae
                 Pachyno
                 dicto
                 nuper
                 impetu
                 maris
                 abruptae
                 ;
                 deinde
                 ad
                 fluvium
                 Arve
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 ;
                 tandem
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Anonis
                 non
                 spinosa
                 parva
                 procumbens
                 lutea
                 .
                 In
                 arenosis
                 maris
                 litoribus
                 propè
                 Cataniam
                 Siciliae
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Anonis
                 non
                 spinosa
                 purpurea
                 supina
                 minima
                 .
                 In
                 sterilioribus
                 Calabriae
                 juxta
                 mare
                 .
                 Has
                 duas
                 plantas
                 nondum
                 descriptas
                 putamus
                 .
              
               
                 Anonis
                 pusilla
                 fruticans
                 Cherleri
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Trifoliis
                 affinis
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 sterilioribus
                 Narbonensis
                 Galliae
                 inter
                 Ilices
                 ,
                 Thymos
                 aliósque
                 frutices
                 multa
                 .
              
               
                 Anonymus
                 flore
                 Coluteae
                 Clus
                 .
                 Chamaebuxus
                 flore
                 Coluteae
                 
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaebuxus
                 sive
                 Chamaepyxos
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Pseudo-chamaebuxus
                 Park
                 .
                 Primò
                 observavimus
                 in
                 sylvis
                 Constantiam
                 inter
                 &
                 Scaphusiam
                 ,
                 deinde
                 in
                 planitie
                 quadam
                 propè
                 Augustam
                 Vindelicerum
                 ,
                 
                 tandem
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Tiguro
                 Helvetiae
                 plurimam
                 ,
                 mense
                 Maio
                 florentem
                 .
              
               
                 Anthyllis
                 leguminosa
                 purpurascente
                 flore
                 Clus
                 .
                 Loto
                 affinis
                 flore
                 subrubente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agrorum
                 marginibus
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 portum
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 pascuis
                 Italiae
                 .
              
               
                 Anthyllis
                 altera
                 herbariorum
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   v.
                
                 Chamaepitys
                 moschata
                 .
                 marina
                 incana
                 ,
                 &c.
                 v.
                 Paronychia
                 .
                 leguminosa
                 Hispanica
                 v.
                 Trifolium
                 Halicacabum
                 ,
                 &
                 Auricula
                 muris
                 .
              
               
                 Antirrhinum
                 luteum
                 Ger.
                 luteo
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 luteo
                 grandi
                 Cam.
                 flore
                 subluteo
                 Dod.
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 in
                 muris
                 :
                 unde
                 Petrus
                 Castellus
                 in
                 Catalogo
                 suo
                 Messanense
                 illud
                 appellat
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 insuper
                 in
                 rupibus
                 non
                 procul
                 à
                 
                   Petra
                   sancta
                
                 Hetruriae
                 oppido
                 .
              
               
                 Antirrhinum
                 purpureum
                 Ger.
                 majus
                 alterum
                 folio
                 longiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 vulgare
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 aggeribus
                 fossarum
                 &
                 ad
                 sepes
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 abundé
                 .
              
               
                 Antirrhinum
                 minus
                 flore
                 carneo
                 ,
                 rictu
                 striato
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Antithora
                 flore
                 luteo
                 Aconiti
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Anthora
                 Park
                 .
                 Aconitum
                 salutiferum
                 seu
                 Anthora
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Anthora
                 sive
                 Aconitum
                 salutiferum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 monte
                 Jura
                 circa
                 verticem
                 Thuiri
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 istius
                 montis
                 jugis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Radix
                 insigniter
                 amara
                 est
                 :
                 venenis
                 omnibus
                 adversari
                 dicitur
                 ,
                 &
                 peculiariter
                 radici
                 Thorae
                 .
                 Addit
                 Guainerius
                 magnae
                 etiam
                 esse
                 adversus
                 pestem
                 efficacix
                 ,
                 eui
                 subscribit
                 Matth.
                 Solerius
                 non
                 modo
                 per
                 inferiorem
                 ventrem
                 ,
                 sed
                 &
                 per
                 superiora
                 largas
                 ait
                 Anthorae
                 radices
                 expurgationes
                 moliri
                 ;
                 modum
                 esse
                 ad
                 quantitatem
                 Phaseoli
                 in
                 jusculo
                 aut
                 vino
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Considerenrt
                 lectores
                 (
                 inquit
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 )
                 an
                 radix
                 purgans
                 conveniat
                 commorsis
                 à
                 viperis
                 &
                 cane
                 rabido
                 ,
                 itémque
                 peste
                 laborantibus
                 .
                 Quis
                 tandem
                 credat
                 radicem
                 purgantem
                 auxiliari
                 omnibus
                 cordis
                 affectibus
                 ?
              
               
                 Aparine
                 semine
                 Coriandri
                 saccharati
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Pachynum
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Aphyllanthes
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Lob.
                
                 Caryophyllus
                 caeruleus
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 juxta
                 Castelneuf
                 ,
                 aliisque
                 sterilioribus
                 Monspelio
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Aphyllanti
                 affinis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 v.
                 Scabiosa
                 .
              
               
                 Apium
                 montanum
                 nigrom
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanum
                 folio
                 ampliore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ejusdem
                 Ap.
                 VIII
                 ,
                 seu
                 montanum
                 nigrum
                 :
                 ejusdem
                 Daucus
                 VI
                 ,
                 seu
                 montanus
                 Apil
                 folio
                 minor
                 ,
                 ex
                 sententia
                 fratris
                 J.
                 Bauhini
                 ;
                 adeóque
                 ex
                 una
                 planta
                 tres
                 facit
                 .
                 Apium
                 montanum
                 vulgatius
                 &
                 Apium
                 montanum
                 Parisiensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Oreoselinum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Germaniae
                 
                 montosis
                 &
                 ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 non
                 procul
                 Genevâ
                 .
              
               
                 Apium
                 peregrinum
                 v.
                 Daucus
                 tertius
                 Dioscoridis
                 .
              
               
                 Apocynum
                 latifolium
                 amplexicaule
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Scammonea
                 Monspeliaca
                 .
              
               
                 Arbor
                 Judae
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Judaica
                 arbor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Siliqua
                 sylv
                 .
                 rotundifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 observavimus
                 in
                 collibus
                 Romae
                 vicinus
                 ,
                 Tyberi
                 fluvio
                 imminentibus
                 ;
                 deinde
                 in
                 Appenninis
                 montibus
                 .
              
               
                 Arbutus
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Arb.
                 Comarus
                 Theophrasli
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Arb.
                 sive
                 Unedo
                 Lob.
                 Arb.
                 folio
                 serrato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Siciliae
                 ,
                 Italiae
                 &
                 Galliae
                 Narbonensis
                 sylvosis
                 plurima
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Arbuti
                 fructus
                 ,
                 memaecylum
                 Graecis
                 dictus
                 ,
                 ventriculo
                 incommodus
                 est
                 &
                 capitis
                 dolorem
                 inducit
                 .
                 Mihi
                 sanè
                 quoties
                 comedi
                 (
                 inquit
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 )
                 ldolorem
                 causârunt
                 ventriculi
                 hi
                 fructus
                 .
                 Ego
                 sine
                 ulla
                 noxa
                 multos
                 edi
                 .
                 Clus
                 .
                 &
                 revera
                 sapore
                 sunt
                 non
                 ingrato
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Amatus
                 ex
                 Arbuti
                 foliis
                 &
                 floribus
                 aquam
                 vitreis
                 organis
                 elici
                 tradit
                 ,
                 eámque
                 servari
                 tanquam
                 sacratissimum
                 adversùs
                 pestem
                 &
                 venena
                 antidotum
                 .
                 Matthiolus
                 pulverem
                 ossis
                 de
                 corde
                 cervi
                 ei
                 admiscet
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Scribit
                 Bellonius
                 in
                 montis
                 Athos
                 ,
                 tantopere
                 priseis
                 celebrati
                 ,
                 vallibus
                 Arbutos
                 (
                 qui
                 ut
                 plurimum
                 aliis
                 locis
                 fruticent
                 )
                 in
                 vastae
                 magnitudinis
                 arbores
                 evadere
                 .
                 Juba
                 author
                 est
                 quinquagenûm
                 cubitorum
                 altitudine
                 in
                 Arabia
                 nasci
                 .
                 Plin.
                 
              
               
                 Arisarum
                 latifolium
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 latifolium
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 latifolium
                 alterum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 aggeribus
                 sepium
                 &
                 umbrosis
                 ,
                 itiner
                 inter
                 Massam
                 &
                 Lucam
                 copiosum
                 vidimus
                 :
                 postea
                 etiam
                 in
                 Gallo-provincia
                 non
                 longè
                 á
                 Tolona
                 portu
                 ,
                 ad
                 montium
                 latera
                 .
              
               
                 Aristolochia
                 rotunda
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 rotunda
                 vulgatior
                 Park
                 .
                 rotundo
                 flore
                 ex
                 purpura
                 nigro
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 passim
                 ad
                 sepes
                 &
                 in
                 aggeribus
                 fossarum
                 .
              
               
                 Aristolochia
                 polyrrhizos
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Arist
                 .
                 Pistolochia
                 dicta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pistolochia
                 Ger.
                 Pistolochia
                 vulgatior
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 arvis
                 propè
                 
                   Sellam
                   novam
                
                 agri
                 Monspeliensis
                 ,
                 sub
                 oleis
                 .
              
               
                 Aristolochia
                 Saracenica
                 Ger.
                 Ar.
                 clematitis
                 Park
                 .
                 Ar.
                 clematitis
                 recta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 clematitis
                 vulgaris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 vineis
                 ,
                 fossis
                 &
                 aggeribus
                 plus
                 satis
                 luxuriat
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Aristolochia
                 utraque
                 cephalica
                 ,
                 epatica
                 &
                 pulmonica
                 inprimis
                 est
                 ;
                 attenuat
                 ,
                 aperit
                 .
                 Hinc
                 prodest
                 ad
                 tartaream
                 mucilag
                 nem
                 resolvendam
                 expectorandámque
                 ;
                 ad
                 menses
                 ciendos
                 ,
                 tumores
                 internos
                 rumpendos
                 ,
                 venena
                 
                 discutienda
                 .
                 Insuper
                 longae
                 infusio
                 ad
                 scabiem
                 exiccandam
                 vel
                 vulgo
                 hîc
                 usitatissima
                 est
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 adhibetur
                 usu
                 creberrimo
                 ad
                 exiccanda
                 &
                 mundificanda
                 vulnera
                 .
                 Rotunda
                 tenuiorum
                 est
                 partium
                 quàm
                 longa
                 ,
                 adeóque
                 efficacior
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 primis
                 mensibus
                 ac
                 secundinis
                 ciendis
                 celeberrima
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Aiunt
                 &
                 radici
                 huic
                 vim
                 purgatricem
                 inesse
                 .
              
               
                 Armeria
                 prolifera
                 Ger.
                 Caryphyllus
                 prolifer
                 Park
                 .
                 sylvestris
                 prolifer
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Betonica
                 coronaria
                 squamosa
                 sylv
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 satis
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Armeria
                 rubra
                 Ger.
                 Betonica
                 coronaria
                 sive
                 Caryophyllus
                 sylv
                 .
                 vulgatissimus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Caryophyllus
                 sylv
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 latifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cum
                 priore
                 &
                 magis
                 etiam
                 vulgaris
                 .
              
               
                 Artemisia
                 tenuisolia
                 v.
                 Abrotanum
                 inodorum
                 .
              
               
                 Arum
                 venis
                 albis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 magnum
                 ,
                 rotundiore
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 majus
                 Veronense
                 Lob.
                 Primò
                 in
                 insulis
                 circa
                 Venetias
                 nobis
                 conspectum
                 ,
                 etiam
                 Novembri
                 mense
                 virens
                 ,
                 foliis
                 vitidibus
                 ,
                 vulgaris
                 duplo
                 majoribus
                 ,
                 venis
                 albis
                 ;
                 vidimus
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Lombardia
                 .
              
               
                 Asarum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 sylvis
                 ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 ,
                 quà
                 ascenditur
                 ad
                 verticem
                 Dole
                 dictum
                 copiose
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 &
                 in
                 Bavaria
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Crassam
                 pituitam
                 &
                 utramque
                 bilem
                 per
                 vomitum
                 ac
                 nonnunquam
                 per
                 secessum
                 violenter
                 expurgat
                 .
                 Diurecticum
                 est
                 &
                 emmenagogum
                 insigne
                 .
                 Epar
                 ,
                 lienem
                 ,
                 vesicámque
                 fellis
                 aperit
                 .
                 Hinc
                 utile
                 est
                 in
                 arthritide
                 ,
                 hydrope
                 ,
                 febribus
                 ,
                 praecipuè
                 tertiana
                 ac
                 quartana
                 ,
                 ictero
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Folia
                 exhibentur
                 n.
                 6
                 ,
                 7
                 ,
                 8
                 ,
                 vel
                 9
                 ,
                 infusa
                 aut
                 cocta
                 &
                 expressa
                 .
              
               
                 Asclepias
                 Lob.
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ascl
                 .
                 sive
                 Vincetoxicum
                 multis
                 ,
                 floribus
                 albicantibus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Per
                 Germaniam
                 ,
                 Italiam
                 ,
                 Galliam
                 Narbonensem
                 in
                 dumetis
                 &
                 ad
                 sepes
                 ubique
                 feré
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Alexipharmaca
                 est
                 ac
                 sudorifera
                 insignis
                 .
                 Usus
                 Praecip
                 .
                 in
                 peste
                 aliísque
                 venenosis
                 affectibus
                 ,
                 in
                 obstructionibus
                 mensium
                 ,
                 in
                 torminibus
                 intestinorum
                 ,
                 in
                 palpitatione
                 cordis
                 ac
                 lipothymia
                 ,
                 in
                 hydrope
                 .
                 Semen
                 commendatur
                 ad
                 calculum
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 usus
                 tam
                 florum
                 quàm
                 radicum
                 &
                 seminis
                 est
                 in
                 ulceribus
                 sordidis
                 ac
                 malignis
                 purificandis
                 ,
                 ad
                 ictus
                 insectorum
                 venenatorum
                 ,
                 in
                 tumoribus
                 mammarum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Facultatibus
                 cum
                 Aristolochia
                 longa
                 covenit
                 ex
                 sententia
                 Tragi
                 .
                 De
                 vi
                 ejus
                 ad
                 hydropem
                 vide
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 &
                 Trag.
                 
              
               
                 Aspalathus
                 2
                 Monspeliensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 alter
                 Monspeliensis
                 Park
                 .
                 Genista-spartium
                 spinosum
                 majus
                 I
                 ,
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 
                 aridis
                 &
                 sterilibus
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 Nemausum
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 Asparagus
                 marinus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 marinus
                 crassiore
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 marit
                 .
                 crassiore
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 palustris
                 Ger.
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 sive
                 palustris
                 Galeno
                 .
                 In
                 palustribus
                 propè
                 marinum
                 Volcarum
                 stagnum
                 ,
                 non
                 longe
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 mihi
                 non
                 visa
                 est
                 specie
                 differre
                 ab
                 Asparago
                 sativo
                 ,
                 sicut
                 nec
                 sylvestris
                 ab
                 eo
                 dissert
                 aliter
                 quàm
                 culturâ
                 .
                 Quae
                 ad
                 Asparagum
                 annotavimus
                 vide
                 in
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Asparagus
                 petraeus
                 sive
                 Corruda
                 Ger.
                 petraeus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Corruda
                 aculeata
                 Park
                 .
                 Asparagus
                 foliis
                 acutis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Corruda
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ad
                 sepes
                 &
                 in
                 dumetis
                 frequens
                 .
                 Provenit
                 quóque
                 .
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 Liguadocia
                 .
              
               
                 Asparagus
                 sylv
                 .
                 aculeatus
                 Ger.
                 aculeatus
                 ,
                 spinis
                 horridus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 spinosus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Corruda
                 spinis
                 horrida
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 insula
                 Promontorio
                 Pachyno
                 adjacente
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 maritimis
                 Siciliae
                 .
              
               
                 Asparagus
                 sylv
                 .
                 spinosus
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 aculeatus
                 tribus
                 aut
                 quatuor
                 spinis
                 ad
                 eundem
                 exortum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 mare
                 prope
                 Tauromonium
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
                 Harum
                 specierum
                 meminit
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 in
                 capite
                 de
                 Corruda
                 .
              
               
                 Asperula
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 caerulea
                 arvensis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Rubia
                 caerulea
                 erectior
                 elatiórve
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Salevâ
                 inter
                 segetes
                 ;
                 itémque
                 propè
                 Neapolin
                 Austriae
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Asphodelus
                 bulbosus
                 Dodonaei
                 ,
                 sive
                 Ornithogalum
                 spicatum
                 flore
                 virente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ornithogalum
                 angustiofolium
                 majus
                 ,
                 floribus
                 ex
                 albo
                 virescentibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Asphodelus
                 bulbosus
                 Ger.
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 unâ
                 circiter
                 leucâ
                 à
                 Geneva
                 versùs
                 Salevam
                 montem
                 .
                 Hanc
                 T.
                 Willisellus
                 in
                 Anglia
                 invenit
                 .
                 vide
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 †
                 Asphodelus
                 luteus
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 lut
                 .
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 luteus
                 &
                 flore
                 &
                 radice
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Asphodeli
                 Veteribus
                 frequens
                 in
                 medicina
                 usus
                 fuit
                 .
                 Videsis
                 Dioscoridem
                 ,
                 Plinium
                 &
                 Galenum
                 ,
                 quiplurimas
                 ei
                 facultates
                 assignant
                 .
                 Recentioribus
                 nunc
                 dierum
                 ferè
                 neglectus
                 est
                 :
                 sunt
                 tamen
                 qui
                 radices
                 ejus
                 ad
                 icterum
                 commendant
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hastulae
                 regiae
                 caulis
                 seu
                 scapus
                 totus
                 Graecis
                 anthericos
                 dicebatur
                 ,
                 uti
                 Latinis
                 ,
                 teste
                 Plinio
                 ,
                 albucus
                 .
                 Sunt
                 &
                 qui
                 eo
                 nomine
                 semen
                 Asphodeli
                 signisicari
                 voluerint
                 .
              
               
                 Asphodelus
                 major
                 ramosus
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 albus
                 ramosus
                 Park
                 .
                 albus
                 ramosus
                 mas
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ramosus
                 Ger.
                 In
                 montibus
                 Messanae
                 imminentibus
                 ,
                 atque
                 etiam
                 in
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 agri
                 Monspeliensis
                 .
              
               
               
                 Asphodelus
                 minor
                 Clus
                 .
                 albus
                 non
                 ramosus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 non
                 ramosus
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Syracusas
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Asphodelus
                 minor
                 foliis
                 fistulosis
                 v.
                 Phalangium
                 Cretae
                 Salonensis
                 .
              
               
                 Lancastriae
                 verus
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                   v.
                
                 Pseudo-asphoedelus
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 Atticus
                 Italorum
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Park
                 .
                 Italorum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Atticus
                 caeruleus
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Att.
                 purpureo
                 &
                 albo
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inasperis
                 Germaniae
                 collibus
                 secus
                 Rhenum
                 &
                 alibi
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 Atticus
                 
                   Ger.
                   Caes
                
                 .
                 Atticus
                 luteus
                 verus
                 Park
                 .
                 luteus
                 foliolis
                 ad
                 florem
                 rigidis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ubique
                 obvius
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 montanus
                 luteus
                 Salicis
                 glabro
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 montanus
                 foliis
                 salicis
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 Conyza
                 media
                 Monspeliensis
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Asteris
                 Attici
                 genus
                 ,
                 folio
                 glabro
                 rigido
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 juxta
                 Castelncus
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 vicinia
                 Monspelii
                 .
                 Eundem
                 observavimus
                 in
                 Germania
                 juxta
                 Rhenum
                 ex
                 ad
                 verso
                 Manhemii
                 ;
                 &
                 in
                 sylis
                 supra
                 Neapolim
                 Italiae
                 ,
                 versùs
                 Camaldulensium
                 coenobium
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 purpureus
                 montanus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alpinus
                 caeruleo
                 magno
                 flore
                 Park
                 .
                 Atticus
                 caeruleus
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanus
                 caeruleus
                 magno
                 flore
                 ,
                 foliis
                 oblongis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Aster
                 7
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 montibus
                 maximo
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 imminentibus
                 .
              
               
                 Asteri
                 montano
                 purpureo
                 similis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Videtur
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 describerre
                 plantam
                 quam
                 inveni
                 in
                 montibus
                 sylvosis
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 caenobio
                 vicinis
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 per
                 omnia
                 non
                 respondeat
                 Figura
                 aut
                 Descriptio
                 ;
                 &
                 quid
                 mirum
                 ?
                 cùm
                 sicca
                 jam
                 delineata
                 &
                 descripta
                 fuerit
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 Tripolii
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 angustisolius
                 Park
                 .
                 Atticus
                 Monspeliensis
                 purpureus
                 ,
                 angustioribus
                 foliis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 Narbonensis
                 Tripolii
                 flore
                 ,
                 Linariae
                 folio
                 Lob.
                 In
                 prato
                 juxta
                 molendinum
                 
                   Castri
                   novi
                
                 ,
                 ínque
                 sylva
                 Valena
                 &
                 alibi
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 supinus
                 Park
                 .
                 luteus
                 supinus
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 Ast
                 .
                 luteus
                 supinus
                 spinosus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 perperàm
                 spinosum
                 appellat
                 .
                 Ast
                 .
                 luteus
                 XII
                 ,
                 sive
                 supinus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Massiliam
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 montanus
                 X
                 ,
                 sive
                 luteo
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 montanus
                 3
                 Ger.
                 Britannica
                 conyzoides
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Aster
                 Pannonicus
                 Clusio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ad
                 Rhenum
                 ;
                 ínque
                 Italia
                 ad
                 margines
                 sossarum
                 inter
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 Pisas
                 .
                 Semper
                 in
                 aquosis
                 .
              
               
                 Aster
                 luteus
                 lanuginosus
                 Park
                 .
                 hirsutus
                 Ger.
                 luteus
                 V
                 ,
                 
                 sive
                 hirsuto
                 Salicis
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Aster
                 luteus
                 XI
                 ,
                 sive
                 luteus
                 montanus
                 villosus
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Aster
                 montanus
                 flore
                 luteo
                 magno
                 hirsutus
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Oculus
                 Christi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 montosis
                 medio
                 circiter
                 itinere
                 inter
                 Genevam
                 &
                 Lugdunum
                 .
                 Huic
                 non
                 adeò
                 dissimilis
                 est
                 figura
                 Asteris
                 angustifolii
                 lutei
                 apud
                 J.
                 Bauhinum
                 .
              
               
                 Astragalus
                 Monspelianus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Securidaca
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 lutea
                 minor
                 corniculis
                 recurvis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 An
                 potiùs
                 Astragalus
                 V
                 ,
                 seu
                 villosus
                 floribus
                 globosis
                 ejusdem
                 ?
                 Certè
                 Astragalus
                 Monspelianus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 diversus
                 est
                 ab
                 Hedysaro
                 seu
                 Securidaca
                 minore
                 ,
                 proinde
                 reprehendit
                 Lobelium
                 ,
                 quòd
                 non
                 adverterit
                 Astragalum
                 Monspeliensium
                 diversum
                 esse
                 à
                 Securidaca
                 minore
                 .
                 Verùm
                 Monspelienses
                 ,
                 cùm
                 ibi
                 essemus
                 Anno
                 1665.
                 ostenderunt
                 nobis
                 Securidacam
                 minorem
                 pro
                 suo
                 Astragalo
                 :
                 Astragalum
                 autem
                 Monspessulanum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 nondum
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Astragalus
                 Monspeliano
                 candidior
                 ,
                 &
                 Onobrychis
                 quorundam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Astrag
                 .
                 V
                 ,
                 seu
                 villosus
                 floribus
                 globosis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 qui
                 Astragalum
                 Monspelianum
                 Clusii
                 huc
                 refert
                 .
                 purpureus
                 Lugd.
                 In
                 rupibus
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 Genevam
                 spectantibus
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Astragalus
                 quidam
                 montanus
                 vel
                 Onobrychis
                 aliis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Onobrychis
                 X
                 ,
                 seu
                 floribus
                 Viciae
                 majoribus
                 caeruleo-purpurascentibus
                 ,
                 vel
                 foliis
                 Tragacanthae
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 altissimo
                 vertice
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 Thuiri
                 dicto
                 .
              
               
                 Astragalus
                 major
                 Fuchsio
                 v.
                 Orobus
                 sylvaticus
                 .
              
               
                 Astrantia
                 nigra
                 Lob.
                 nigra
                 ,
                 sive
                 Veratrum
                 nigrum
                 Dioscroidis
                 
                   Dod.
                   Ger.
                
                 Helleborus
                 niger
                 Saniculae
                 folio
                 major
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Sanicula
                 foemina
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 aliis
                 Helleborus
                 niger
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 quibusdam
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Monachio
                 Bavariae
                 ;
                 necnon
                 in
                 Salevae
                 pratis
                 montosis
                 urbi
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 radici
                 vim
                 per
                 alvum
                 purgatricem
                 Helleboro
                 albo
                 similem
                 sed
                 mitiorem
                 multò
                 inesse
                 Gesnerus
                 primùm
                 se
                 expertum
                 refert
                 .
              
               
                 Atractylis
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 lutea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 luteo
                 Park
                 .
                 vera
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ad
                 vias
                 &
                 in
                 agrorum
                 marginibus
                 ubique
                 feré
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 folia
                 succum
                 sanguireum
                 praebent
                 ,
                 quemadmodum
                 Theophrastus
                 de
                 Atracylide
                 refert
                 ,
                 qui
                 tamen
                 tusis
                 &
                 expressis
                 non
                 elicitur
                 ,
                 sed
                 avulsis
                 dum
                 adhuc
                 tenera
                 sunt
                 &
                 succo
                 praegnantia
                 ,
                 sponte
                 è
                 venis
                 effluit
                 ;
                 quo
                 modo
                 etiam
                 ex
                 Aloes
                 plantae
                 foliis
                 se
                 Aloen
                 purissimam
                 &
                 optimam
                 Neapoli
                 collegisse
                 scribit
                 F.
                 Columna
                 .
              
               
               
                 Atriplex
                 marina
                 Ger.
                 maritima
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 maritima
                 laciniata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 marina
                 repens
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 litoribus
                 arenosis
                 maris
                 Mediterranei
                 nusquam
                 non
                 occurrit
                 .
                 A
                 nostrati
                 a
                 maritimo
                 omnino
                 diversa
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Avicularia
                 Sylvii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Speculum
                 Veneris
                 .
              
               
                 Auricula
                 muris
                 Camerarii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Anthyllis
                 leguminosa
                 marina
                 Baetica
                 vel
                 Cretica
                 ,
                 sive
                 Auricula
                 muris
                 Cameraril
                 Park
                 .
                 Loto
                 affinis
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 hirsutis
                 circinatis
                 siliquis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 ,
                 ubi
                 arx
                 praesidio
                 Hispanico
                 tenetur
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Auricula
                 muris
                 pulchro
                 flore
                 ,
                 folio
                 tenuissimo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Thuiri
                 non
                 procul
                 à
                 Genevâ
                 .
              
               
                 Auricula
                 Ursi
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Ger.
                 A.
                 U.
                 sive
                 Primula
                 veris
                 Alpina
                 flore
                 rubente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Sanicula
                 Alpina
                 purpurea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 invenimus
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Pontieba
                 vico
                 qui
                 ab
                 ea
                 parte
                 Limes
                 est
                 Ditionis
                 Venetianae
                 :
                 postea
                 etiam
                 in
                 clivis
                 maritimis
                 Regni
                 Neapolitani
                 ;
                 tandem
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 ,
                 Chambery
                 inter
                 &
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobium
                 .
              
               
                 Auricula
                 leporis
                 v.
                 Bupleuron
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 B
              
               
                 BArba
                 capri
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger
                   emac.
                
                 B.
                 caprae
                 floribus
                 oblongis
                 ,
                 Melandryon
                 Plinii
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ulmaria
                 major
                 sive
                 altera
                 Park
                 .
                 Propè
                 Genevam
                 à
                 
                   la
                   Bastie
                
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 &
                 in
                 Helvetia
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Scaphusia
                 .
              
               
                 Balsamita
                 v.
                 Ageratum
                 .
              
               
                 Barba
                 Jovis
                 frutex
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Clus
                   .
                   Park
                
                 .
                 &c.
                 Jovis
                 barba
                 pulchre
                 lucens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 clivis
                 maritimis
                 Etruriae
                 &
                 Regni
                 Neapolitani
                 copiosè
                 .
              
               
                 Bellis
                 sylvatica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 media
                 sylvest
                 .
                 Ger.
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 sylv
                 .
                 media
                 ,
                 caule
                 carens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Bellis
                 Alpina
                 major
                 folio
                 rigido
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Bellidis
                 utriusque
                 facultates
                 quaere
                 in
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Bellis
                 caerulea
                 Monspeliaca
                 Ger.
                 caerulea
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 caule
                 folioso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Aphyllantes
                 Anguillarae
                 ,
                 sive
                 Globularia
                 Bellidi
                 similis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Globularia
                 Monspeliensium
                 ,
                 Bellis
                 caerulea
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 plurimis
                 in
                 locis
                 ;
                 
                 quin
                 &
                 ad
                 radices
                 montium
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 tum
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 tum
                 etiam
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Bellis
                 caerulea
                 caule
                 nudo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 &
                 montibus
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 ,
                 caenobio
                 vicinis
                 .
                 Haec
                 priore
                 elatior
                 est
                 ,
                 foliis
                 angustioribus
                 longioribúsque
                 &
                 omnino
                 specie
                 ad
                 ea
                 diversa
                 ,
                 quicquid
                 repugnat
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 ,
                 cui
                 certè
                 nunquam
                 conspecta
                 fuit
                 .
              
               
                 Beta
                 Cretica
                 spinosa
                 Park
                 .
                 Cretica
                 semine
                 spinoso
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 semine
                 aculeato
                 Ger.
                 minor
                 V
                 ,
                 seu
                 Cretica
                 semine
                 aculeato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 Siciliae
                 .
              
               
                 Bistorta
                 minima
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 media
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 Alpina
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 supremis
                 herbidis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Puto
                 hanc
                 non
                 esse
                 specie
                 diversam
                 à
                 nostrate
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 distinguat
                 .
              
               
                 Blattaria
                 lutea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 lutea
                 minor
                 seu
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 lutea
                 folio
                 longo
                 laciniato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 luteo
                 Ger.
                 Variis
                 in
                 locis
                 hanc
                 observavimus
                 tam
                 in
                 Germania
                 quam
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
                 Solo
                 floris
                 colore
                 ab
                 hac
                 differt
                 Blattaria
                 flore
                 albo
                 ,
                 siqnidem
                 ex
                 eodem
                 semine
                 oritur
                 ,
                 ut
                 in
                 hortulo
                 nostro
                 Cantabrigiae
                 aliquando
                 experti
                 sumus
                 .
              
               
                 Blitum
                 rubrum
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 pulchrum
                 rectum
                 ,
                 magnum
                 rubrum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 hortis
                 oleraceis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Blitum
                 rubrum
                 minus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 minus
                 sylv
                 .
                 rubrum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 vineis
                 ,
                 hortis
                 &
                 fimetis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
                 Quomodo
                 &
                 an
                 omnino
                 specificè
                 inter
                 se
                 differant
                 album
                 minus
                 &
                 rubrum
                 minus
                 ,
                 mihi
                 non
                 satìs
                 constat
                 .
                 Quod
                 in
                 Germania
                 circa
                 Basileam
                 &
                 alibi
                 tam
                 copiosè
                 provenit
                 videtur
                 esse
                 Blitum
                 minus
                 album
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Bottys
                 Ger.
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 ambrosiodes
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Botrys
                 plerisque
                 Botanicis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 circa
                 Rhegium
                 in
                 Calabria
                 ,
                 Florentiam
                 in
                 Etruria
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Nemausum
                 in
                 Narbonensi
                 Gallia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Herba
                 in
                 pulverem
                 redacta
                 ,
                 melléque
                 in
                 Electuarii
                 formam
                 excepta
                 praestat
                 contra
                 pulmonum
                 vomicas
                 ,
                 quo
                 remedio
                 multos
                 ego
                 curavi
                 qui
                 pus
                 sereabant
                 .
                 Matth.
                 Valere
                 dicitur
                 &
                 ad
                 dolores
                 uteri
                 ,
                 ad
                 menses
                 ciendos
                 &
                 emortuos
                 foetus
                 ejiciendos
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Nonnulli
                 inter
                 vestes
                 eam
                 reponunt
                 ad
                 tineas
                 abigerdas
                 ,
                 &
                 odoris
                 suavitatem
                 communicandam
                 .
              
               
                 Botrys
                 verticillata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Chamaedrys
                 foliis
                 laciniatis
                 .
              
               
                 Branca
                 ursina
                 v.
                 Acanthus
                 sativus
                 .
              
               
                 Briza
                 monococcos
                 Ger.
                 Zea
                 Briza
                 dicta
                 ,
                 vel
                 monococcos
                 
                 Germanica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Zea
                 monococcos
                 ,
                 sive
                 simplex
                 ,
                 sive
                 Briza
                 Park
                 .
                 Zea
                 monócoccos
                 ,
                 Briza
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 Argentoratum
                 inter
                 &
                 Basileam
                 ejus
                 segetes
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Buglossum
                 angustifolium
                 Lob.
                 angustifolium
                 minus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 vulgare
                 angustifolium
                 minus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minus
                 sativum
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 vias
                 &
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 ,
                 Germania
                 subinde
                 occurrit
                 .
                 An
                 hoc
                 à
                 sativo
                 aliter
                 quàm
                 culturâ
                 differat
                 considerandum
                 .
                 Vulgare
                 latifolium
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 invenimus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Viribus
                 cum
                 Boragine
                 convenit
                 .
                 Flores
                 inter
                 quatuor
                 illos
                 cordiales
                 famosos
                 recensentur
                 .
                 Omnibus
                 affectibus
                 ex
                 atra
                 bile
                 oriundis
                 conducunt
                 ,
                 ut
                 &
                 radix
                 &
                 folia
                 .
                 In
                 oleribus
                 usurpantur
                 ,
                 valéntque
                 ad
                 sedandos
                 dolores
                 varios
                 .
              
               
                 Bugula
                 v.
                 Consolida
                 .
              
               
                 Buphthalmum
                 vulgare
                 Ger.
                 Dioscoridis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Matthioli
                 ,
                 sive
                 vulgare
                 Millefolii
                 foliis
                 Park
                 .
                 Chamaemelum
                 chrysanthemum
                 quorundam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Variis
                 Germaniae
                 in
                 locis
                 ,
                 v.
                 g.
                 in
                 muris
                 oppidi
                 Bonnae
                 propè
                 Coloniam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 In
                 Italia
                 circa
                 Florentiam
                 in
                 alveis
                 torrentum
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Usus
                 sum
                 hâc
                 herbâ
                 in
                 vino
                 decoctâ
                 ad
                 versùs
                 inveteratam
                 fellis
                 suffusionem
                 ,
                 potu
                 illam
                 decoctionem
                 calidam
                 hoc
                 morbo
                 laborantibus
                 tanquam
                 concoquens
                 &
                 discutiens
                 remedium
                 exhibui
                 ,
                 certóque
                 deprehendi
                 eam
                 extenuandi
                 ,
                 discutiendíque
                 &
                 educendi
                 citra
                 dolorem
                 &
                 periculum
                 vi
                 praeditam
                 .
                 Trag.
                 
              
               
                 Buphthalmum
                 Cotulae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 alterum
                 Contulae
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 tenuifolium
                 folio
                 Millefolii
                 ferè
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 portum
                 .
                 Vel
                 eadem
                 est
                 haec
                 planta
                 ,
                 vel
                 certè
                 simillima
                 Chrysanthemo
                 Valentini
                 Clusii
                 .
                 Chrysanth
                 ,
                 tenuifolium
                 Baeticum
                 Boelii
                 .
                 Ger.
                 
              
               
                 Bupleurum
                 angustifolium
                 ;
                 An
                 Bupleurum
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 arg●stissimo
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Figura
                 Bupleuri
                 angustifolii
                 Monspeliensis
                 Ger.
                 optimè
                 conve●it
                 huic
                 plantae
                 quam
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 invenimus
                 .
                 Est
                 a.
                 specie
                 distincta
                 à
                 nostrate
                 Auricula
                 leporis
                 seu
                 minimâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Bupleuron
                 latifolium
                 Monspeliense
                 Ger.
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 folio
                 rigido
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 latifolium
                 Park
                 .
                 Auricula
                 leporis
                 altera
                 sive
                 rigidior
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 &
                 dumetis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Bupleurum
                 folio
                 subrotundo
                 sive
                 vulgatissimum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 B.
                 angustifolium
                 
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 Auricula
                 leporis
                 umbellâ
                 luteà
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germaniae
                 &
                 Italiae
                 montosis
                 ,
                 ad
                 sepes
                 &
                 in
                 dumetis
                 .
              
               
                 Bursa
                 marina
                 &
                 Alcyonii
                 genus
                 4
                 Dioscoridi
                 Caes
                 .
                 Arancio
                 marino
                 Imper.
                 Algae
                 pomum
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alcyonium
                 
                 XII
                 ,
                 sive
                 Bursa
                 marina
                 Caesalpini
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Apud
                 Scriptores
                 nostros
                 Anglicos
                 nulla
                 hujus
                 mentio
                 ,
                 quod
                 sciam
                 .
                 In
                 litoribus
                 maris
                 arenosis
                 ad
                 Siciliae
                 
                   Punctum
                   Cerciolum
                
                 dictum
                 reperi
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Bursae
                 pastoriae
                 loculo
                 sublongo
                 affinis
                 pulchra
                 planta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 B.
                 p.
                 major
                 folio
                 non
                 sinuato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Thlaspi
                 Veronicae
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 Medio
                 circiter
                 itinere
                 inter
                 Lucam
                 &
                 Pisas
                 ad
                 sepes
                 .
                 Hanc
                 nuper
                 in
                 Anglia
                 nostra
                 invenimus
                 spontaneam
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Bursa
                 pastoris
                 minor
                 foliis
                 Perfoliatae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Thlaspi
                 oleraceum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 C
              
               
                 CAcalia
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 foliis
                 cutaneis
                 acutioribus
                 &
                 glabris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 folio
                 glabro
                 Ger.
                 glabro
                 folio
                 acuminato
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 montium
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Cacubalum
                 Plinii
                 v.
                 Alsine
                 baccifera
                 .
              
               
                 Calamintha
                 montana
                 praestantior
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 montana
                 flore
                 magno
                 ,
                 ex
                 calyce
                 longo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 propè
                 maximum
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobium
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 &
                 in
                 montosis
                 Etru●iae
                 sylvis
                 .
              
               
                 Caltha
                 arvensis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 simplici
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Calendula
                 simplici
                 flore
                 Ger.
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 Liburnum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 An
                 Caltha
                 minima
                 
                   J.
                   B
                   ?
                   Small
                   wild
                   Marigold
                   .
                
              
               
                 N.
                 Flores
                 cardiaci
                 censentur
                 ,
                 hinc
                 &
                 hepatici
                 &
                 Alexipharmaci
                 ,
                 sudores
                 movent
                 ,
                 variolas
                 expellunt
                 ,
                 ictero
                 medentur
                 ,
                 menses
                 cient
                 ,
                 partum
                 promovent
                 (
                 fumus
                 subditus
                 parturienti
                 .
                 )
                 Aqua
                 destillata
                 oculorum
                 rubedini
                 &
                 inflammatieni
                 medetur
                 .
                 Folia
                 in
                 olere
                 sumpta
                 alvum
                 leniunt
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Decoctum
                 florum
                 Calendulae
                 in
                 Zythogalo
                 seu
                 liquore
                 posseti
                 vulgò
                 praescribitur
                 ad
                 variolas
                 expellendas
                 ;
                 ejùsque
                 usus
                 à
                 tempore
                 ferè
                 inter
                 omnes
                 increbuit
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Planta
                 haec
                 Solsequia
                 &
                 Solis
                 sponsa
                 dicitur
                 ,
                 quòd
                 flos
                 ejus
                 ortu
                 Solis
                 aperiatur
                 &
                 occasu
                 claudatur
                 .
              
               
                 Campanula
                 rotundifolia
                 minima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 An
                 Camp.
                 glabra
                 XXII
                 ,
                 sive
                 minor
                 rotundifolia
                 Alpina
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Fortè
                 enim
                 hae
                 duae
                 non
                 differunt
                 specie
                 .
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 &
                 Carinthiacis
                 .
                 Folia
                 hujus
                 ex
                 rotunditate
                 oblonga
                 sunt
                 &
                 serrata
                 eo
                 ferè
                 quo
                 Saniculae
                 Alpinae
                 guttatae
                 .
              
               
               
                 Campanula
                 minor
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 ,
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 pentagono
                 grandi
                 .
                 In
                 clivis
                 maritimis
                 Regni
                 Neapolitani
                 .
                 An
                 à
                 quoquam
                 descripta
                 sit
                 nescio
                 .
              
               
                 Campanula
                 Persicifolia
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 angustifolia
                 caerulea
                 &
                 alba
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Rapunculus
                 glaber
                 X
                 ,
                 seu
                 Persicifolius
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Observavimus
                 hanc
                 propè
                 Spadam
                 urbeculam
                 acidulis
                 celebrem
                 flore
                 albo
                 :
                 in
                 montibus
                 &
                 collibus
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 .
              
               
                 Campanula
                 repens
                 flore
                 minore
                 caeruleo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Trachelium
                 sive
                 Campanula
                 hirsuta
                 VIII
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Urticae
                 foliis
                 oblongis
                 ,
                 minùs
                 asperis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Hujus
                 meminit
                 Clusius
                 in
                 Hist
                 .
                 cap.
                 de
                 Trachelio
                 ,
                 quem
                 adi
                 .
                 In
                 arvis
                 inter
                 segetes
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Camphorata
                 hirsuta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Monspel
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Monspeliensium
                 ,
                 an
                 Chamaepeuce
                 Plinii
                 Lob.
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 Nemausum
                 ,
                 Avenionem
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 Camphoratae
                 congener
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Camph
                 .
                 Monspeliensium
                 quoad
                 figuram
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Anthyllis
                 altera
                 Italorum
                 Ger.
                 Camphoratae
                 congener
                 ,
                 sive
                 Anthyllis
                 altera
                 Italorum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 in
                 arvis
                 &
                 vervactis
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Capparis
                 spinosa
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 Park
                 .
                 rotundiore
                 folio
                 Ger.
                 spinosa
                 fructu
                 minore
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cap.
                 spinosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 qui
                 species
                 hasce
                 non
                 distinguit
                 .
                 In
                 muris
                 &
                 ruderibus
                 Romae
                 ,
                 Senarum
                 ,
                 Florentiae
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
                 Circa
                 Tolonam
                 in
                 Gallo-provincia
                 colitur
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Florum
                 gemmae
                 antequam
                 explicantur
                 decerptae
                 &
                 muriâ
                 conditae
                 ad
                 nos
                 transportantur
                 ,
                 &
                 intinctiûs
                 ferè
                 loco
                 ad
                 carnes
                 &
                 pisces
                 assatos
                 adhibentur
                 :
                 appetitum
                 augent
                 ,
                 hepati
                 &
                 lieni
                 conferunt
                 obstructiones
                 eorum
                 reserando
                 .
                 Memorabile
                 est
                 (
                 si
                 modò
                 verum
                 )
                 quod
                 scribit
                 Plinius
                 .
                 Ferunt
                 eos
                 (
                 inquit
                 )
                 qui
                 quotidie
                 Capparin
                 Italicam
                 edunt
                 Paralysi
                 non
                 periclitari
                 ,
                 nec
                 Lienis
                 doloribus
                 .
                 Cortex
                 ,
                 radicis
                 inprimis
                 ,
                 lienes
                 induratos
                 juvat
                 ,
                 tum
                 intus
                 assumptus
                 ,
                 tum
                 foras
                 impositus
                 ;
                 menses
                 educit
                 ,
                 ulcera
                 exterget
                 &
                 desiccat
                 ,
                 ad
                 dolorem
                 ischi●dicum
                 valere
                 dicitur
                 ,
                 &
                 assectus
                 Arthriticos
                 .
              
               
                 Cardamine
                 Alpina
                 v.
                 Nasturtiolum
                 Alpinum
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Cardamine
                 impatiens
                 vulgó
                 .
                 Sium
                 minus
                 impatiens
                 Ger.
                 minimum
                 Alpini
                 :
                 minimum
                 ,
                 Noli
                 me
                 tangere
                 dictum
                 ,
                 sive
                 impatiens
                 Nasturtii
                 sylv
                 .
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 An
                 Sisymbrii
                 Cardamines
                 species
                 quaedam
                 insipida
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Certè
                 &
                 icon
                 &
                 descriptio
                 huic
                 ad
                 amussum
                 quadrant
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 juxta
                 Rhenum
                 ,
                 locis
                 glareosis
                 ubi
                 aquae
                 scaturiunt
                 .
              
               
               
                 Carduus
                 chrysanthemus
                 Narbonensis
                 Ger.
                 Scolymos
                 chrysanthemus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Spina
                 lutea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Scolymus
                 Theophrasti
                 siva
                 Eryngium
                 luteum
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 ad
                 mare
                 praesertim
                 frequentissimus
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 chrysanthemus
                 Dod.
                 Scolymus
                 Theophrasti
                 Hispamicus
                 Clus
                 .
                 Propè
                 oppidulum
                 S.
                 Lupiani
                 ,
                 eundo
                 ad
                 Pedenatium
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 reverà
                 specie
                 differt
                 à
                 praecedente
                 ,
                 quicquid
                 contradicit
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Salmanticenses
                 tenellam
                 adhuc
                 plantam
                 &
                 primùm
                 germinantem
                 ,
                 cum
                 ipsa
                 radice
                 elotam
                 crudam
                 aut
                 etiam
                 coctam
                 cum
                 carnibus
                 edunt
                 ;
                 ipsius
                 lacteo
                 succo
                 omne
                 lactis
                 genus
                 coagulant
                 ;
                 etiámque
                 ejus
                 flore
                 Crocum
                 adulterant
                 ,
                 ut
                 quaedam
                 nationes
                 Cnici
                 flore
                 .
                 Hujus
                 autem
                 radice
                 Sues
                 non
                 minùs
                 libenter
                 vescuntur
                 quàm
                 Eryngii
                 Clus
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 chrysanthemus
                 procerus
                 caule
                 eduli
                 .
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Aetnae
                 8
                 mil.
                 supra
                 Cataniam
                 ,
                 ubi
                 vulgus
                 cum
                 aceto
                 &
                 pipere
                 caules
                 ipsius
                 crudos
                 acetarii
                 loco
                 comedit
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 an
                 à
                 praecedente
                 specie
                 diversa
                 sit
                 subdubito
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 duplo
                 altiùs
                 assurgat
                 .
                 At
                 fortè
                 illud
                 solo
                 debetur
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 caeruleus
                 sphaerocephalus
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Crocodilium
                 Monspeliensium
                 Lugd.
                 Card.
                 globosus
                 minor
                 Ger.
                 Echinopus
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 vulgatissimus
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 galactites
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Apud
                 alios
                 Botanicos
                 hunc
                 non
                 invenio
                 .
                 In
                 Sicila
                 &
                 Melita
                 insulis
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 Italia
                 propè
                 pharum
                 Genuensem
                 ,
                 necnon
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 locis
                 ruderatis
                 &
                 incultis
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 lacteus
                 peregrinus
                 Camerarii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 albis
                 maculis
                 notatus
                 exoticus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Silybum
                 minus
                 Baeticum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Melita
                 &
                 Sicilia
                 insulis
                 .
                 Color
                 seminis
                 in
                 hoc
                 fuscus
                 est
                 &
                 minimè
                 albus
                 ,
                 ut
                 in
                 peregrino
                 Camerarii
                 ,
                 &
                 proinde
                 fortè
                 rectiùs
                 refertur
                 ad
                 Silybum
                 majus
                 annuum
                 Park
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 lanceolatus
                 ferocior
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 invenimus
                 eum
                 proximè
                 fontem
                 quem
                 vocant
                 ardentem
                 ,
                 a
                 Gratianopoli
                 duabus
                 circiter
                 leucis
                 remotum
                 ,
                 deinde
                 in
                 itinere
                 ab
                 Aurantia
                 ad
                 Nemausum
                 ;
                 tandem
                 propè
                 montem
                 S.
                 Lupi
                 ,
                 tribus
                 Monspelio
                 leucis
                 distantem
                 .
                 Est
                 ei
                 flos
                 albus
                 &
                 major
                 quàm
                 Lanceolati
                 vulgaris
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 parvus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Siciliae
                 agris
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 castello
                 Puzzallu
                 ex
                 adverso
                 Melitae
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 Cirsium
                 dictus
                 folio
                 laciniato
                 nigrius
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 .
                 Hic
                 an
                 ab
                 aliis
                 descriptus
                 
                 sit
                 video
                 J.
                 Bauhinum
                 dubitare
                 ,
                 proinde
                 &
                 ego
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 Pratensis
                 Asphodeli
                 radice
                 latifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 bulbosus
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 bulbosus
                 Monspeliensis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Acanthus
                 sylv
                 .
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 foliis
                 laciniatis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Pratis
                 Monspelio
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Carduus
                 pratensis
                 latifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 pratensis
                 Tragi
                 .
                 mollis
                 Lapathi
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pratis
                 Rheno
                 vicinis
                 circa
                 Argentoratum
                 ,
                 Basileam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 folia
                 in
                 cibis
                 ut
                 reliqua
                 olera
                 expetuntur
                 ,
                 undè
                 à
                 mulierculis
                 Brassica
                 pratensis
                 nominatur
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Trag.
                
                 
              
               
                 Carduus
                 solstitialis
                 Ger.
                 stellatus
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 luteus
                 foliis
                 Cyani
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cardui
                 stellati
                 varietas
                 ,
                 Jacea
                 lutea
                 Clusii
                 Lob.
                 Spina
                 solstitialis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ubique
                 feré
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Herba
                 haec
                 in
                 morbo
                 regio
                 efficacissima
                 est
                 expeperientià
                 Fontanoni
                 ;
                 valet
                 &
                 ad
                 cachexiam
                 ,
                 hydropem
                 ,
                 febres
                 diuturnas
                 ,
                 virginum
                 decolorem
                 faciem
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Carduus
                 sphaerocephalus
                 latifolius
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 globosus
                 Ger.
                 Echinopus
                 major
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montosis
                 sylvis
                 propè
                 Viterbum
                 quà
                 indè
                 Romam
                 itur
                 .
              
               
                 Carlina
                 herbariorum
                 Lob.
                 humilis
                 Park
                 .
                 Carlina
                 ,
                 sive
                 Chamaeleon
                 albus
                 Dioscoridis
                 Ger.
                 acaulos
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 caulifera
                 &
                 acaulis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 nam
                 ,
                 hae
                 duae
                 specie
                 non
                 differunt
                 .
                 In
                 Germaniae
                 pascuis
                 sterilioribus
                 &
                 dumetis
                 frequens
                 ;
                 nec
                 minùs
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 &
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
                 De
                 hujus
                 viribus
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Refert
                 Gesnerus
                 ,
                 hujus
                 floris
                 calycem
                 tum
                 recentem
                 ,
                 tum
                 etiam
                 siccum
                 noctu
                 claudi
                 ,
                 ad
                 Solem
                 verò
                 aperiri
                 .
                 Germanis
                 Eberwurtz
                 dicitur
                 ,
                 i
                 e.
                 Apri
                 herba
                 ,
                 quia
                 nimirum
                 Apri
                 ejus
                 radices
                 appetunt
                 ;
                 non
                 (
                 ut
                 vult
                 Fuchsius
                 )
                 quòd
                 sues
                 in
                 polenta
                 exhibeatur
                 ,
                 perimat
                 ;
                 hoc
                 enim
                 experientiae
                 repugnat
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hujus
                 capitula
                 carnosa
                 ,
                 calyce
                 ,
                 floribus
                 ac
                 semine
                 resectis
                 ,
                 ox
                 aquâ
                 butyro
                 ,
                 sale
                 &
                 pipere
                 suave
                 edulium
                 praebent
                 .
                 Gesn
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Chamaeleonem
                 album
                 idèo
                 Ixiam
                 appellatum
                 ait
                 Dioscorides
                 ,
                 quòd
                 quibusdam
                 in
                 locis
                 Viscum
                 ad
                 ipsius
                 radices
                 inveniatur
                 ,
                 quo
                 etiam
                 pro
                 Mastiche
                 utuntur
                 mulieres
                 .
                 Haec
                 appellatio
                 ab
                 aliis
                 Chamaeleoni
                 etiam
                 nigro
                 rectè
                 tribui
                 dicitur
                 :
                 quin
                 &
                 plantae
                 cuidam
                 venenatae
                 ab
                 utroque
                 Chamaeleonte
                 distinctae
                 ,
                 cujus
                 meminit
                 Dioscorides
                 lib.
                 6.
                 competit
                 ,
                 autore
                 Guillandino
                 ,
                 quem
                 consule
                 aliósque
                 herbarios
                 ,
                 qui
                 plura
                 de
                 hac
                 voce
                 habent
                 .
              
               
               
                 Carthamus
                 v.
                 Cnicus
                 .
              
               
                 Carlina
                 sylvest
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 Clus
                 .
                 Cnicus
                 sylv
                 .
                 spinosior
                 
                   C.
                   B
                   ▪
                
                 An
                 sylv
                 .
                 spinosior
                 polycephalos
                 ejusdem
                 ?
                 Hujus
                 plant
                 ae
                 radix
                 est
                 diuturna
                 ,
                 cum
                 vulgaris
                 nostratis
                 annua
                 ferè
                 sit
                 ;
                 plures
                 quoque
                 ad
                 eadem
                 radice
                 caules
                 ei
                 exeunt
                 ,
                 cum
                 vulgari
                 unus
                 tantùm
                 :
                 Denique
                 floris
                 color
                 in
                 hâc
                 falvu
                 est
                 ,
                 in
                 nostrate
                 pallidè
                 luteus
                 .
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Caryophyllata
                 montana
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 montana
                 flore
                 magno
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 lutea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 altissimis
                 maximo
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 imminentibus
                 .
              
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 arvensis
                 umbelliferus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ●rvensis
                 umbellatus
                 Park
                 .
                 holosteus
                 arvensis
                 Ger.
                 holoste●s
                 arvens
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 arv
                 .
                 umbellatus
                 folio
                 glabro
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 propè
                 Lovanium
                 .
              
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 gramineo
                 folio
                 minimus
                 seu
                 saxifraga
                 Caes
                 .
                 Caryoph
                 .
                 saxat
                 .
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 minimus
                 muralis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Betonica
                 coronaria
                 sive
                 Tunica
                 minima
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 Florentiam
                 ,
                 Lansbergum
                 &
                 alibi
                 tam
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 quàm
                 in
                 Germania
                 copiosum
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Caryophyllus
                 sylv
                 .
                 humilis
                 flore
                 unico
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 &c.
                 
                 Hunc
                 in
                 Anglia
                 variis
                 in
                 locis
                 sponte
                 natum
                 vidinus
                 .
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 simplex
                 laciniatus
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 flore
                 tenuissimè
                 dissecto
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Betonica
                 coronaria
                 tenuissimè
                 dissecta
                 ,
                 sive
                 Caryophyllea
                 superba
                 elatior
                 vulgaris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Genevae
                 propinquis
                 ,
                 minùs
                 tamen
                 frequens
                 ;
                 invenimus
                 &
                 Germania
                 ,
                 non
                 longè
                 á
                 Weissenberg
                 Franconiae
                 oppido
                 .
              
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 montanus
                 major
                 flore
                 globoso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Caryophylleus
                 flos
                 aphyllocaulos
                 ,
                 vel
                 junceus
                 major
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Caryophyllus
                 mediterraneus
                 Ger.
                 In
                 collibus
                 propè
                 Moguntiam
                 .
                 Non
                 alia
                 in
                 re
                 quám
                 magnitudine
                 omnium
                 partium
                 à
                 vulgari
                 sive
                 maritimo
                 nostrate
                 disterre
                 videtur
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Mirum
                 alicui
                 videri
                 possit
                 ,
                 plantam
                 hanc
                 ,
                 quae
                 nullibi
                 apud
                 nos
                 quàm
                 in
                 maritimis
                 oritur
                 ,
                 in
                 regionibus
                 transmarinis
                 tam
                 procul
                 à
                 mari
                 provenire
                 .
                 Verùm
                 nos
                 alias
                 praeter
                 hanc
                 maritimas
                 in
                 mediterraneis
                 nascentes
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 v.
                 g.
                 Tragon
                 Matthioli
                 sive
                 Kali
                 spinosum
                 in
                 arenosis
                 propè
                 Viennam
                 Austriae
                 ;
                 Rhamnum
                 secundum
                 Clusii
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 Augusta
                 Vindelicorum
                 ;
                 Althaeam
                 ,
                 vulgarem
                 variis
                 Germaniae
                 in
                 locis
                 .
                 Quin
                 &
                 Tragus
                 lib.
                 1.
                 cap.
                 39.
                 scribit
                 se
                 inve●sse
                 magnâ
                 copiâ
                 in
                 agro
                 Vangionum
                 inter
                 segetes
                 Papaver
                 corniculatum
                 luteum
                 ,
                 quod
                 in
                 Anglia
                 nusquam
                 nisi
                 in
                 arenosis
                 Oceani
                 litoribus
                 provenit
                 .
              
               
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 holosteus
                 Alpinus
                 tenuifolius
                 Lini
                 flore
                 albo
                 .
                 In
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 propè
                 suprèmum
                 verticem
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Aqua
                 florum
                 sylvestris
                 Caryophylli
                 destillata
                 singulari
                 experimento
                 ad
                 pellendum
                 calculum
                 mensurâ
                 trium
                 aut
                 quatuor
                 cochlearium
                 bibitur
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Caryophyllus
                 sylv
                 .
                 vulgatissimus
                 &
                 Car.
                 sylv
                 .
                 prolifer
                 v.
                 Armeria
                 .
              
               
                 Casta
                 poetica
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 poetica
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Osyris
                 frutescens
                 baccifera
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cassia
                 lign●a
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ad
                 mare
                 inferum
                 ,
                 itemque
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 plurima
                 .
              
               
                 Catanance
                 Dalechampii
                 flore
                 cyani
                 ,
                 folio
                 coronopi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chondrilla
                 caerulea
                 cyani
                 capitulis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chondrilla
                 Sesamoides
                 dicta
                 Park
                 .
                 Sesamoides
                 parvum
                 Matthioli
                 Ger.
                 In
                 aridis
                 &
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 agri
                 Narbonensis
                 passim
                 obvia
                 ,
                 invenimus
                 etiam
                 propè
                 Gratianopolin
                 eundo
                 ad
                 max
                 ,
                 Carthus
                 .
                 coenobium
                 .
              
               
                 Caucalis
                 albis
                 floribus
                 Ger.
                 vulgaris
                 albis
                 floribus
                 Park
                 .
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 arvensis
                 echinata
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B
                
                 Lappula
                 canaria
                 flore
                 pulchro
                 magno
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 in
                 Germania
                 passim
                 ,
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Caucalis
                 maritima
                 supina
                 echinata
                 magno
                 fructu
                 .
                 Lappula
                 canaria
                 sive
                 Caucalis
                 mari●ima
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 pumila
                 maritima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 Siciliae
                 litoribus
                 propè
                 Messanam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Caucalis
                 minor
                 pulchro
                 semine
                 sive
                 Bellonii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Seseli
                 Creticum
                 minus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 Tordylium
                 ,
                 sive
                 Seseli
                 Creticum
                 minus
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 intra
                 ipsa
                 urbis
                 Messanae
                 moenia
                 .
              
               
                 Caucalis
                 Peucedani
                 folio
                 Ger.
                 XII
                 ,
                 sive
                 folio
                 Peucedani
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Saxifragiae
                 tenuifoliae
                 affinis
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Caucalis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 planitie
                 quadam
                 propè
                 Augustam
                 Vindelicorum
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Cedrus
                 Lycia
                 retusa
                 Bellonio
                 dicta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 baccifera
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 folio
                 Cupressi
                 major
                 ,
                 fructu
                 flavescente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cedrus
                 Phoenicea
                 folio
                 cupressi
                 Park
                 .
                 Oxycedrus
                 Lycia
                 Ger.
                 Ad
                 hac
                 non
                 diversam
                 existimamus
                 secundam
                 speciem
                 Cedri
                 bacciferae
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ut
                 neque
                 tertiam
                 ,
                 cùm
                 ipse
                 asserat
                 eas
                 magnitudine
                 solâ
                 differre
                 .
                 Fortè
                 etiam
                 Sabina
                 baccifera
                 dicta
                 ab
                 hac
                 non
                 fuerit
                 diversa
                 :
                 certè
                 haec
                 nobis
                 Monspelii
                 ostensa
                 fuit
                 pro
                 Sabina
                 baccifera
                 .
                 Et
                 nos
                 quoque
                 in
                 eadem
                 planta
                 observavimus
                 inferiores
                 &
                 primos
                 in
                 tenellis
                 plantis
                 ramulos
                 foliis
                 pungentibus
                 &
                 acutis
                 ,
                 superiores
                 verò
                 &
                 in
                 adultioribus
                 obtusis
                 &
                 rotundis
                 vostitos
                 .
              
               
               
                 Centaurium
                 luteum
                 pusillum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minimum
                 luteum
                 Park
                 .
                 luteum
                 novum
                 Col.
                 Centaurii
                 lutei
                 varietas
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 In
                 tecto
                 veteris
                 aedificii
                 Baiani
                 
                   Piscina
                   mirabilis
                
                 dicti
                 .
                 Solo
                 floris
                 colore
                 à
                 minore
                 purpureo
                 differre
                 videtur
                 .
              
               
                 Centaurium
                 minus
                 spicatum
                 album
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 agro
                 Monspeliensi
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Narbonensi
                 Gallia
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Cerinthe
                 asperior
                 flavo
                 flore
                 Ger.
                 major
                 flavo
                 flore
                 Park
                 .
                 Cer.
                 quorundam
                 major
                 spinoso
                 folio
                 ,
                 flavo
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 flavo
                 asperior
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Sicilia
                 admodum
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Cerinthe
                 major
                 Ger.
                 major
                 flore
                 luteo
                 &
                 rubro
                 Park
                 .
                 quorundam
                 major
                 ,
                 versicolore
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cerinthe
                 ,
                 seu
                 Cynoglossum
                 montanum
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 sylvosis
                 max.
                 Carthus
                 .
                 coenobio
                 imminentibus
                 .
                 Perennis
                 mihi
                 visa
                 est
                 haec
                 planta
                 :
                 semina
                 a.
                 ei
                 minora
                 sunt
                 quàm
                 vel
                 purpureae
                 vel
                 flavae
                 .
              
               
                 Cerasus
                 sylv
                 .
                 amara
                 Mahaleb
                 putata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cerasus
                 XV
                 ,
                 sive
                 Ceraso
                 affinis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Macaleb
                 Gesneri
                 Ger.
                 Machaleb
                 Germanicum
                 Park
                 .
                 qui
                 C.
                 Bauhinum
                 reprehendit
                 ,
                 quòd
                 confundat
                 Machaleb
                 Matthioli
                 &
                 Gesneri
                 .
                 In
                 sepibus
                 propè
                 Gratianopolin
                 quà
                 itur
                 
                   à
                   la
                   grand
                   Chartruse
                
                 .
                 Nuclei
                 hujus
                 fructus
                 calefaciunt
                 &
                 emolliunt
                 ,
                 saponarios
                 globulos
                 ingrediuntur
                 ,
                 pilósque
                 horridiores
                 &
                 duriores
                 emolliunt
                 affrictu
                 crebro
                 Matth.
                 Ex
                 iis
                 etiam
                 oleum
                 cònficitur
                 jucundi
                 odoris
                 ,
                 quo
                 ad
                 illinendas
                 manicas
                 utuntur
                 .
                 Lugd.
                 
              
               
                 Ceratia
                 v.
                 Siliqua
                 .
              
               
                 Cerrus
                 minore
                 glande
                 Ger.
                 Haliphlaeos
                 ,
                 sive
                 Cerrus
                 foemina
                 minore
                 glande
                 Park
                 .
                 Quercus
                 Burgundica
                 calyce
                 hispido
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 calyce
                 hispido
                 ,
                 glande
                 minore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Etruria
                 ad
                 lacum
                 Volsiniensem
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 Venetiis
                 Cer●i
                 glandium
                 calyces
                 maximos
                 ,
                 quos
                 Vallonia
                 ibi
                 appellant
                 ,
                 ad
                 Apollonia
                 Dalmatiae
                 urbe
                 vulgò
                 nunc
                 Vallonia
                 dictâ
                 unde
                 adferuntur
                 .
                 His
                 coriarii
                 utuntur
                 ad
                 coria
                 sua
                 densanda
                 .
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 horum
                 usum
                 esse
                 ad
                 in●iciendos
                 atro
                 colore
                 pannos
                 Gallarum
                 vice
                 scribit
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaebalanus
                 leguminosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lathyrus
                 arvensis
                 repens
                 tuberosus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lathyrus
                 arvensis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Terrae
                 glandes
                 Park
                 .
                 Terrae
                 glandes
                 
                   Dod.
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 In
                 arvis
                 juxta
                 Genevam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Hujus
                 radices
                 tuberosae
                 sapore
                 sunt
                 subdulci
                 Glandis
                 aut
                 Castaneae
                 ,
                 astringente
                 ,
                 slatulentum
                 ,
                 suavem
                 tamen
                 succum
                 creant
                 :
                 Sanguinis
                 ,
                 uteri
                 ,
                 renum
                 ,
                 ventris
                 fluores
                 compescunt
                 .
                 Lob.
                 
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Ex
                 hujus
                 floribus
                 aquam
                 distillant
                 quidam
                 ,
                 qui
                 ità
                 rosaceam
                 ementitur
                 ,
                 ut
                 pro
                 illa
                 nonnunquam
                 vendi
                 solet
                 .
                 Cam.
                 
              
               
                 Chamaebuxus
                 flore
                 Coluteae
                 v.
                 Anonymus
                 flore
                 Coluteae
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaecyparissus
                 v.
                 Abrotanum
                 foemina
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaecistus
                 v.
                 Helianthemum
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaecerasus
                 Alpina
                 v.
                 Periclymenum
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaedrys
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 major
                 latifolia
                 Ger.
                 major
                 repens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Itinere
                 à
                 Vienna
                 ad
                 Venetias
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaedrys
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 minor
                 Ger.
                 minor
                 repens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaedrys
                 vulgò
                 vera
                 existimata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaedrys
                 laciniatis
                 foliis
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Lob.
                   ob
                
                 .
                 Chamaepitys
                 foemina
                 Ger.
                 Botrys
                 chamaedryoides
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Bot.
                 verticillata
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germaniae
                 agris
                 sterilioribus
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaedrys
                 falsa
                 maxima
                 ,
                 an
                 Teucrium
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 majus
                 Pannonicum
                 Clusio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaedrys
                 spuria
                 major
                 altera
                 sive
                 frutescens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ch.
                 ma.
                 sp
                 .
                 frutescens
                 Park
                 .
                 Teucrium
                 majus
                 Pannonicum
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 Germaniae
                 atque
                 etiam
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 plurimis
                 in
                 locis
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Chamadrys
                 spuria
                 montana
                 Cisti
                 flore
                 Park
                 .
                 Ch.
                 Alpina
                 flore
                 Fragariae
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ch.
                 Alpina
                 Cisti
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Teucrium
                 Alpinum
                 Cisti
                 flore
                 Ger.
                 In
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 supremis
                 jugis
                 :
                 invenimus
                 &
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Carinthiacis
                 .
                 Hanc
                 in
                 Hybernia
                 invenit
                 D.
                 Heaton
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Chamaedryi
                 vulgari
                 falsae
                 aliquatenus
                 affinis
                 ,
                 &
                 Clinopodium
                 Alpinum
                 Ponae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Clinopodium
                 Alpinum
                 Park
                 .
                 Teucrium
                 Alpinum
                 comâ
                 purpuro-caeruleâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 suprema
                 parte
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Sabaudicus
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaedrys
                 sputia
                 angustifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 spuria
                 major
                 angustifolia
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Veronica
                 supina
                 Ger.
                 Teucrii
                 facie
                 Park
                 .
                 supina
                 ,
                 facie
                 Teucrii
                 pratensis
                 Lob.
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 in
                 Germania
                 in
                 pascuis
                 propè
                 Rhenum
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaegenista
                 v.
                 Genistella
                 minor
                 .
              
               
                 Chamelaea
                 tricoccos
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Arabum
                 tricoccos
                 
                   Ger.
                   Widow-wail
                
                 .
                 Inter
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Frontignanam
                 in
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 plurimam
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Chamelaea
                 Germanica
                 v.
                 Mezereon
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaemelum
                 vulgare
                 leucanthemum
                 Dioscordis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 vulgare
                 amarum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Chamamelum
                 chrylanthemum
                 v.
                 Buphthalmum
                 vulgare
                 Ger.
                 
              
               
                 Chamaemespilus
                 
                   Ger.
                   v.
                
                 Cotoneaster
                 .
              
               
                 Chamamespilus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cotoneaster
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 serrato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cotonaster
                 Gesneri
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 in
                 Append.
                 In
                 summitate
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
               
                 Chamaenerion
                 Gesneri
                 Lob.
                 alterum
                 angustifolium
                 Ger.
                 Lysimachia
                 Chamaenerion
                 dicta
                 angustifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lys
                 .
                 siliquosa
                 angustifolia
                 ,
                 Chamaenerion
                 Gesnero
                 dicta
                 Park
                 .
                 Lys
                 .
                 siliq
                 .
                 speciosa
                 angustifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 alveis
                 torrentum
                 &
                 fluviorum
                 in
                 
                   Foro
                   Julii
                
                 Italiae
                 &
                 alibi
                 variis
                 in
                 locis
                 ,
                 v.
                 g.
                 Genevae
                 ad
                 fluv
                 .
                 Arve
                 &
                 Rhodanum
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaepitys
                 moschata
                 foliis
                 serratis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cham.
                 sive
                 Iva
                 moschata
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Iva
                 moschata
                 Monspeliaca
                 Ger.
                 Anthyllis
                 altera
                 herbariorum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ;
                 itémque
                 in
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaerrhiphes
                 
                   Dod.
                   Lob.
                
                 Palma
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Palma
                 humilis
                 spinosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Palmites
                 sive
                 Chamaerrhiphes
                 Ger.
                 Palma
                 humilis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Chamaerrhiphes
                 ,
                 vel
                 Palmites
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 Siciliae
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 rupibus
                 martimis
                 Hetruriae
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Species
                 illa
                 quam
                 nos
                 observavimus
                 spinosa
                 fuit
                 ,
                 prout
                 rect
                 è
                 eam
                 describit
                 Matthiolus
                 .
                 diversa
                 ergo
                 à
                 Palma
                 humili
                 Hispanica
                 non
                 spinosà
                 .
                 Figurae
                 a
                 ,
                 apud
                 Parkinsonum
                 transpositae
                 sunt
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pars
                 tuberosa
                 juxta
                 radicem
                 ,
                 tenerrima
                 ,
                 sapida
                 &
                 ori
                 gratiss●●a
                 (
                 Encephalum
                 vocant
                 )
                 estur
                 secundis
                 mensis
                 pro
                 bellariis
                 ,
                 cardui
                 esculenti
                 modo
                 ,
                 cum
                 pipere
                 &
                 salis
                 momento
                 ;
                 adstringenti
                 facultate
                 pollet
                 .
                 Matth.
                 Ad
                 Venerem
                 excitandam
                 haud
                 parùm
                 praestare
                 creditur
                 .
                 E
                 foliis
                 Hispanicae
                 sportulae
                 ,
                 tegetes
                 &
                 scopae
                 fiunt
                 .
              
               
                 Chamaesyce
                 
                   Dod.
                   Lob.
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                
                 In
                 vineis
                 &
                 agris
                 Italiae
                 ,
                 Siciliae
                 &
                 Galliae
                 Narbonensis
                 .
              
               
                 Chondrille
                 vel
                 Chondrilla
                 caerulea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ch.
                 caerulea
                 sive
                 purpurea
                 Park
                 .
                 caerulea
                 Ger.
                 caerulea
                 altera
                 Cic●orei
                 sylv
                 .
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 superiore
                 inter
                 〈◊〉
                 &
                 Moguntiam
                 secus
                 Rhenum
                 flumen
                 .
              
               
                 Chondrilla
                 lutea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Coronopi
                 aut
                 Cyani
                 facie
                 ,
                 tenuifolia
                 lutea
                 vinearum
                 Lob.
                 In
                 aggeribus
                 &
                 vineis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 ad
                 muros
                 ipsius
                 urbis
                 .
                 Ad
                 Sonchum
                 laevem
                 vulgarem
                 proximè
                 accedit
                 .
              
               
                 Chondrilla
                 rara
                 purpurea
                 ,
                 Crupina
                 Belgarum
                 dicta
                 Park
                 .
                 rara
                 ,
                 purpurante
                 flore
                 ,
                 semine
                 nitido
                 deciduo
                 Lob.
                 Hispanica
                 Ger.
                 foliis
                 laciniatis
                 ,
                 serratis
                 ,
                 purpurascente
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cyanus
                 pulchro
                 semine
                 Centaurii
                 majoris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 colle
                 
                   Castri
                   novi
                
                 ,
                 necnon
                 propè
                 Scaleam
                 in
                 Regno
                 Neapolitano
                 .
              
               
                 Chondrilla
                 foliis
                 non
                 dissectis
                 ,
                 caule
                 nudo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 arenosis
                 ad
                 fluv
                 .
                 Arve
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
               
                 Chondrilla
                 juncea
                 Ger.
                 juncea
                 viscosa
                 arvensis
                 ,
                 quae
                 prima
                 Dioscoridis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 viminea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 viminalibus
                 virgis
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 in
                 arenosis
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Chondrilla
                 viscosa
                 ,
                 caule
                 foliis
                 obducto
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 viscosa
                 saxatilis
                 caule
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 Col.
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 circa
                 Monspel
                 .
              
               
                 Chondrilla
                 bulbosa
                 ,
                 conyzae
                 facie
                 ,
                 foliis
                 angustioribus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Conyza
                 marina
                 
                   Lugd.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 planitie
                 quadam
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 monte
                 Lupi
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 Conyza
                 aut
                 Aster
                 rectiùs
                 dicitur
                 quàm
                 Chondrilla
                 .
              
               
                 Chondrilla
                 caerulea
                 cyani
                 capitulis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Catanance
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Christophoriana
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Aconitum
                 racemosum
                 ,
                 Actaea
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Acon
                 ,
                 ramosum
                 ,
                 an
                 Actaea
                 Plinii
                 ?
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 Germania
                 ad
                 Rhenum
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Nuperrimè
                 &
                 haec
                 quoque
                 in
                 Anglia
                 sponte
                 orta
                 nobis
                 ostensa
                 fuit
                 .
              
               
                 Chrysanthemum
                 Bellidis
                 folio
                 
                   hort
                   .
                   Pat.
                
                 latifolium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hispanicum
                 rotundioribus
                 foliis
                 Park
                 .
                 Bellis
                 lutea
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 foliis
                 subrotundis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 portum
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Chrysanthemum
                 Creticum
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 majus
                 ,
                 folio
                 in
                 minores
                 lacinias
                 diviso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 vineis
                 &
                 hortis
                 oleraceis
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Chrysanthemum
                 Valentinum
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   v.
                
                 Buphthalmum
                 Cotulae
                 folio
                 .
              
               
                 Chrysocome
                 v.
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 .
              
               
                 Chrysocome
                 capitulis
                 conglobatis
                 Ger.
                 Helichrysum
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 sylvestre
                 angustifolium
                 capitulis
                 conglobatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 altera
                 odora
                 Park
                 .
                 Stoechadi
                 citrinae
                 alteri
                 inodorae
                 Lobelii
                 affinis
                 capitulis
                 brevioribus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 muris
                 &
                 rupibus
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Tolonam
                 in
                 Gallo-provincia
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Cicer
                 sylvestre
                 
                   Matth.
                   Ger.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 multisolium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 foliis
                 oblongis
                 hispidis
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 majus
                 Park
                 .
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 oppido
                 Jay
                 Genevam
                 versús
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 (
                 me
                 judice
                 )
                 ad
                 Glycyrrhizam
                 sylv
                 .
                 propiùs
                 accedit
                 quàm
                 ad
                 Cicer.
                 
              
               
                 Cicer
                 sativum
                 
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 arietinum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 sativum
                 ,
                 sive
                 arietinum
                 rubrum
                 ,
                 nigrum
                 vel
                 album
                 Park
                 .
                 Cicera
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Melita
                 in
                 agris
                 seruntur
                 ,
                 ubi
                 Rustici
                 ea
                 cruda
                 comedunt
                 ,
                 viridia
                 scilicet
                 &
                 adhuc
                 immatura
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Quod
                 cicera
                 urinam
                 &
                 menses
                 cieant
                 ,
                 calculos
                 pellant
                 ,
                 ad
                 Venerem
                 stimulent
                 ,
                 status
                 gignant
                 ,
                 ferè
                 omnes
                 
                 tum
                 Veteres
                 ,
                 tum
                 Recentiores
                 consentiunt
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 adhibetur
                 farina
                 in
                 cataplasmatis
                 .
              
               
                 Cichorium
                 spinosum
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 spinosum
                 Creticum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 insula
                 saepius
                 memorata
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Cichorium
                 pratense
                 vesicarium
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Col.
                
                 prat
                 .
                 hirsutum
                 vesicarium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sepibus
                 &
                 agrorum
                 marginibus
                 à
                 Liburno
                 portu
                 non
                 longè
                 .
              
               
                 Cichorium
                 verrucarium
                 sive
                 Zacintha
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 verrucosum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Zacyntha
                 hieraciis
                 adnumerandum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chondrilla
                 verrucaria
                 foliis
                 intybaceis
                 viridibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 ostia
                 Tybridis
                 copiosé
                 :
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 portum
                 ,
                 &
                 Florentiam
                 .
              
               
                 Cicutaria
                 latifolia
                 hirsuta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 palustris
                 alba
                 Park
                 .
                 palustris
                 latifolia
                 alba
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 palustris
                 latifolia
                 rubra
                 ejusdem
                 ab
                 hac
                 fortè
                 non
                 differt
                 specie
                 .
                 In
                 pascuis
                 montosis
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 montium
                 propè
                 Genevem
                 ,
                 praecipuè
                 ad
                 rivulos
                 .
              
               
                 Cinara
                 sylvestris
                 Ger.
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Scolymus
                 Dioscoridis
                 Park
                 .
                 Carduus
                 Scolymus
                 sylvestris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Wild
                   Artichoke
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Italia
                 ,
                 necnon
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ;
                 ubi
                 floribus
                 ejus
                 coaguli
                 vice
                 ad
                 lac
                 condensandum
                 utuntur
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Apponuntur
                 capita
                 [
                 sativae
                 ]
                 aqua
                 decocta
                 ;
                 eorúmque
                 pulpa
                 estur
                 cum
                 butyro
                 &
                 pipere
                 ;
                 nec
                 tantùm
                 capita
                 nondum
                 florescentia
                 ,
                 sed
                 &
                 caules
                 teneriores
                 elixatos
                 &
                 cum
                 butyro
                 conditos
                 comedunt
                 Germani
                 &
                 Galli
                 .
                 Itali
                 rarò
                 decoquunt
                 ,
                 sed
                 cruda
                 cum
                 sale
                 ,
                 oleo
                 &
                 pipere
                 vorant
                 .
                 Venerem
                 in
                 utroque
                 sexu
                 irritant
                 ,
                 ut
                 quod
                 maximè
                 ;
                 unde
                 nil
                 mirum
                 si
                 in
                 tanto
                 pretio
                 sint
                 ,
                 ut
                 sine
                 cibo
                 hoc
                 ,
                 nisi
                 tempus
                 anni
                 neget
                 ,
                 vix
                 ulla
                 opipara
                 sit
                 aut
                 adjicialis
                 caena
                 .
                 Scolymus
                 quoque
                 urinam
                 ciere
                 praecipuè
                 traditur
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Plin.
                
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cinarae
                 [
                 sativae
                 ]
                 folia
                 in
                 liquore
                 posseti
                 [
                 è
                 lacte
                 &
                 vino
                 albo
                 ]
                 decocta
                 ad
                 icterum
                 inprimis
                 commendantur
                 ,
                 ut
                 medicamentum
                 nulli
                 secundum
                 .
              
               
                 Circaea
                 Lutetiana
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 minima
                 Col.
                 Solanifolia
                 Circaea
                 Alpina
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 max
                 ,
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Cirsium
                 v.
                 Carduus
                 Cirsium
                 dictus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Cirsium
                 foliis
                 non
                 hirsuits
                 ,
                 floribus
                 compactis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 montanum
                 capitulis
                 compactis
                 Park
                 .
                 Carduus
                 Cirsium
                 Monspelianum
                 ,
                 folio
                 glabro
                 longo
                 Matthioli
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 Ladum
                 amnem
                 &
                 alibi
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Cirsium
                 foliis
                 non
                 laciniatis
                 virore
                 Brassicae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hujus
                 iconi
                 valde
                 simile
                 fuit
                 quod
                 invenimus
                 propè
                 Plombinum
                 in
                 Etruria
                 .
              
               
               
                 Cistus
                 annuus
                 2
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 annuus
                 flore
                 guttato
                 Park
                 .
                 flore
                 pallido
                 ,
                 puricante
                 maculâ
                 insignito
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 annuus
                 2
                 Clusio
                 ,
                 flore
                 pallido
                 ,
                 punicante
                 maculâ
                 insignito
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 radices
                 Vesuvii
                 montis
                 ,
                 ubi
                 tamen
                 maculam
                 non
                 habet
                 .
                 Vide
                 Columnam
                 .
                 Suspicatur
                 .
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 plantam
                 hanc
                 eandem
                 esse
                 Cisto
                 annuo
                 flore
                 guttato
                 Ponae
                 &
                 Tuberariae
                 Myconi
                 ;
                 nec
                 sine
                 ratione
                 .
              
               
                 Cistus
                 foemina
                 Ger.
                 foem
                 .
                 Monspeliaca
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 foem
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 foem
                 .
                 folio
                 Salviae
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Per
                 Siciliam
                 ,
                 Italiam
                 &
                 Galliam
                 Narbonensem
                 in
                 sterilioribus
                 &
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 &
                 sylvis
                 .
                 Duplex
                 habetur
                 ,
                 elatior
                 &
                 humilior
                 ,
                 ut
                 rectè
                 notat
                 .
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 .
              
               
                 Cistus
                 ladanifera
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ladanifera
                 ,
                 sive
                 Ledum
                 Monspeliacum
                 angusto
                 folio
                 nigricans
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cistus
                 ledon
                 5
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 An
                 Cistus
                 Ledon
                 IX
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 foliis
                 Oleae
                 sed
                 angustioribus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 iisdem
                 cum
                 priore
                 locis
                 ,
                 &
                 multò
                 etiam
                 copiosior
                 .
              
               
                 Cistus
                 mas
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 incano
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 mas
                 4
                 ,
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 albido
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 mas
                 cum
                 Hypocistide
                 Ger.
                 mas
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Cum
                 prioribus
                 .
                 Cùm
                 Clusius
                 in
                 Hispania
                 tot
                 Cisti
                 species
                 invenerit
                 ,
                 mirum
                 nos
                 neque
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 neque
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 neque
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 alias
                 observâsse
                 species
                 quàm
                 tres
                 proximè
                 scriptas
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Hujus
                 folia
                 &
                 tenella
                 germina
                 ,
                 sed
                 praecipuè
                 flores
                 desiccant
                 &
                 astringunt
                 strenuè
                 ,
                 unde
                 &
                 dysentericis
                 &
                 solutionibus
                 ventris
                 prosunt
                 ,
                 &
                 ulcera
                 sanant
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cisti
                 radicibus
                 adnascitur
                 Hypocistis
                 dicta
                 ,
                 quemadmodum
                 Rapum
                 Genistae
                 ;
                 Haec
                 magis
                 adstrictoria
                 est
                 quàm
                 Cisti
                 folia
                 ;
                 unde
                 ad
                 omnes
                 fluxiones
                 ,
                 haemorrhagiam
                 ;
                 profluvia
                 muliebria
                 ,
                 coeliacos
                 ,
                 dysentericósque
                 affectus
                 prodest
                 .
                 Succus
                 ejus
                 in
                 usu
                 est
                 .
                 Caeterùm
                 Hypocistin
                 ,
                 qua
                 passim
                 utuntur
                 Officinae
                 ,
                 ex
                 Hirci
                 barbae
                 radicibus
                 impostores
                 conficiunt
                 ,
                 succum
                 indè
                 exprimentes
                 ,
                 ac
                 ut
                 concrescat
                 insola●tes
                 .
                 Errandi
                 causam
                 dederunt
                 .
                 Arabes
                 ,
                 quòd
                 Cistum
                 Hirci
                 barbulam
                 appellent
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 E
                 foliis
                 Cisti
                 (
                 Ledon
                 appellati
                 )
                 exudat
                 liquor
                 quidam
                 ,
                 Ladanum
                 dictus
                 ,
                 in
                 massas
                 graves
                 ex
                 purpura
                 fuscas
                 coactus
                 ,
                 odore
                 valido
                 sed
                 suavi
                 ,
                 inflammabilis
                 ,
                 accensáque
                 gratum
                 odorem
                 halans
                 .
                 Tradit
                 Dioscorides
                 succum
                 hunc
                 hircorum
                 barbis
                 dum
                 fruticem
                 depascuntur
                 adhaerescere
                 ,
                 indéque
                 depecti
                 .
                 Quidam
                 etiam
                 (
                 inquit
                 )
                 funiculos
                 per
                 frutices
                 trahunt
                 ,
                 &
                 adhaerentem
                 ipsis
                 pinguedinem
                 ita
                 derasam
                 efformant
                 .
                 Bellonius
                 hujus
                 colligendi
                 rationem
                 ,
                 quam
                 ipse
                 in
                 Creta
                 observavit
                 ,
                 ita
                 describit
                 ,
                 Graeci
                 (
                 inquit
                 )
                 colligendo
                 Ladano
                 peculiare
                 
                 instrumentum
                 parant
                 rastro
                 dentium
                 experti
                 simile
                 ,
                 Ergastiri
                 illis
                 dictum
                 .
                 Huic
                 affixae
                 sunt
                 multae
                 ligulae
                 sive
                 zonae
                 è
                 corio
                 rudi
                 nec
                 praeparato
                 confectae
                 ,
                 eas
                 leniter
                 affricant
                 ladaniferis
                 fruticibus
                 ,
                 ut
                 inhaereat
                 liquidus
                 ille
                 humor
                 circa
                 folia
                 concretus
                 ,
                 quid
                 deinde
                 à
                 ligulis
                 per
                 summos
                 ardores
                 solis
                 cultris
                 est
                 abradendus
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Ladanum
                 emollit
                 ,
                 digerit
                 ,
                 maturat
                 ,
                 attenuat
                 ,
                 aperit
                 ,
                 orificia
                 venarum
                 reserat
                 ,
                 inspissat
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 capite
                 humido
                 ac
                 catarrhoso
                 ,
                 in
                 dysenteria
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Extrinsecùs
                 ejus
                 usus
                 est
                 in
                 emplastris
                 emollientibus
                 ,
                 anodynis
                 ,
                 tussim
                 sedantibus
                 ,
                 in
                 Alopecia
                 (
                 inunge
                 vel
                 coque
                 in
                 vino
                 &
                 lava
                 )
                 in
                 odontalgia
                 ,
                 &
                 cardialgia
                 doloréque
                 ventriculi
                 (
                 cum
                 modico
                 Bdellii
                 pilulas
                 faciunt
                 dandas
                 num
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 &
                 2.
                 horâ
                 1.
                 ante
                 pastum
                 .
                 Crato
                 .
                 )
                 in
                 suffocatione
                 uteri
                 (
                 introrsum
                 adhibitum
                 )
                 cicatrices
                 curat
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 Clematis
                 sive
                 Flammula
                 surrecta
                 alba
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Clematitis
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 Flammula
                 recta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Flammula
                 Jovis
                 surrecta
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 sepibus
                 ad
                 montes
                 propè
                 Ratisbonam
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Clematis
                 sive
                 Flammula
                 repens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Clem.
                 sive
                 Flammula
                 scandens
                 ,
                 tenuisolia
                 alba
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Clem.
                 urens
                 Ger.
                 urens
                 flore
                 albo
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 folia
                 facultatis
                 sunt
                 acris
                 &
                 adurentis
                 ,
                 imposita
                 cutem
                 exulcerant
                 :
                 intra
                 corpus
                 vix
                 tutò
                 assumuntur
                 .
              
               
                 Clematis
                 Daphnoides
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ma.
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 &
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Daphnoides
                 sive
                 Pervinca
                 major
                 Ger.
                 Clematis
                 Daphn
                 ,
                 latifolia
                 ,
                 sive
                 Vinca
                 Pervinca
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 variis
                 in
                 locis
                 .
                 Vires
                 Clematidis
                 vide
                 in
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Clinopodinm
                 v.
                 Acinos
                 .
                 Alpinum
                 v.
                 Chamaedryi
                 vulgari
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Cneorum
                 
                   Matth.
                   v.
                
                 Thymelaea
                 minor
                 Cordi
                 .
              
               
                 Cnicus
                 sativus
                 sive
                 Carthamum
                 Officinarum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cnicus
                 sive
                 Carthamus
                 sativus
                 Park
                 .
                 Carthamus
                 sive
                 Cnicus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Bastard
                   Saffron
                
                 .
                 Ab
                 hortulanis
                 Argentinensibus
                 &
                 Spirensibus
                 quotannis
                 inter
                 aestivas
                 fruges
                 seritur
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Flosculis
                 tusis
                 condimenti
                 vice
                 utuntur
                 nec
                 malè
                 ,
                 cibos
                 namque
                 croceo
                 colore
                 commendant
                 ,
                 &
                 alvum
                 emolliunt
                 :
                 dicuntur
                 &
                 ictero
                 mederi
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Praecipuus
                 florum
                 usus
                 est
                 ad
                 sericum
                 aliósque
                 pannos
                 tingendos
                 ,
                 [
                 colore
                 incarnato
                 ]
                 quin
                 &
                 eorum
                 admixtione
                 Crocum
                 adulterant
                 .
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 Medulla
                 seminis
                 pituitam
                 viscosam
                 ac
                 aquas
                 vomitu
                 &
                 dejectione
                 purgat
                 :
                 pectori
                 maximè
                 confert
                 ,
                 mirè
                 flatus
                 discutit
                 ,
                 proinde
                 colicis
                 &
                 anasarcae
                 conducit
                 .
                 Ventriculo
                 adversatur
                 ,
                 ideóque
                 corrigitur
                 stomachicis
                 ,
                 anis
                 .
                 galang
                 .
                 zinzib
                 .
                 &c.
                 Dosis
                 in
                 infuso
                 à
                 ʒiij
                 .
                 ad
                 vj.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Ex
                 semine
                 facta
                 compositio
                 diacarthami
                 insigniter
                 confert
                 hydropicis
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Seminis
                 succus
                 lac
                 cogere
                 dicitur
                 ,
                 &
                 magìs
                 ipsum
                 resolvendae
                 alvi
                 facultate
                 donare
                 .
              
               
                 Coccygria
                 aut
                 Coggygria
                 v.
                 Cotinus
                 .
              
               
                 Colus
                 Jovis
                 v.
                 Horminum
                 luteum
                 .
              
               
                 Colutea
                 Ger.
                 vesicaria
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vesicaria
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 multis
                 in
                 locis
                 reperitur
                 ,
                 &
                 speciatim
                 in
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Vesuvii
                 plurima
                 ,
                 ubi
                 nullae
                 ferè
                 aliae
                 plantae
                 .
                 Habetur
                 etiam
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Colutea
                 scorpiodies
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Scorp
                 .
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 siliquosa
                 sive
                 scorpioides
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Salernum
                 .
              
               
                 Colutea
                 minima
                 sive
                 Coronilla
                 Ger.
                 Coluteae
                 ▪
                 parva
                 species
                 ,
                 Polygala
                 Valentina
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Polygala
                 Valentina
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Polygala
                 altera
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 clivis
                 maritimis
                 propè
                 Salernum
                 ,
                 atque
                 etiam
                 in
                 Hetruria
                 .
              
               
                 Colutea
                 caule
                 Genistae
                 sungoso
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 qui
                 titulus
                 optimè
                 respondet
                 huic
                 nostrae
                 .
                 Polygala
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 major
                 Massiliotica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Polygala
                 Valentina
                 3
                 Clus
                 .
                 Val.
                 marina
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 sub
                 quinta
                 .
                 In
                 Gallo-provinciae
                 clivis
                 montosis
                 propè
                 oppidum
                 S.
                 Chamas
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 folia
                 ,
                 sed
                 praecipuè
                 semina
                 ,
                 non
                 solùm
                 purgant
                 per
                 inferiora
                 ,
                 sed
                 &
                 vomitiones
                 movent
                 ,
                 velut
                 semina
                 Genistae
                 ;
                 sunt
                 autem
                 ventriculo
                 &
                 visceribus
                 inimica
                 ,
                 ideóque
                 nonnisi
                 robustioribus
                 exhibenda
                 .
              
               
                 Consolida
                 media
                 Genevensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Consolida
                 media
                 caerulea
                 Alpina
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Bugula
                 Alpina
                 caerulea
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 Basileam
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Consolida
                 regalis
                 v.
                 Delphinium
                 .
              
               
                 Convolvulus
                 Althaeae
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 argenteus
                 Althaeae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 peregrinus
                 pulcher
                 folio
                 Betonicae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Messan●m
                 in
                 lingula
                 inter
                 fretum
                 Siculum
                 &
                 portum
                 Messanensem
                 procurrente
                 ,
                 inter
                 frutices
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Convolvulus
                 caeruleus
                 minor
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 Ger.
                 VII
                 ,
                 sive
                 peregrinus
                 caeruleus
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 minor
                 caeruleus
                 Hispanicus
                 Park
                 ?
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 .
                 Flos
                 huic
                 pulcher
                 caeruleus
                 .
              
               
                 Convolvulus
                 spicae-folius
                 Park
                 .
                 minimus
                 spicae-folius
                 
                   Ger.
                   
                   Ad.
                   Lob.
                
                 Linariae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Volvulus
                 terrestris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Narbonensi
                 Gallia
                 vulgatissima
                 .
              
               
                 Conyza
                 mas
                 Theophrasti
                 ,
                 major
                 Dioscoridis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 verior
                 Dioscoridis
                 Park
                 .
                 major
                 Monspeliensis
                 odorata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 odorata
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Conyza
                 minor
                 vera
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 vera
                 Ponae
                 Park
                 .
                 foemina
                 Theophrasti
                 ,
                 minor
                 Dioscoridis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 in
                 Italia
                 ad
                 mare
                 inferum
                 .
              
               
                 Conyza
                 quaedam
                 marina
                 .
                 Propè
                 Peroul
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 .
              
               
                 Conyza
                 marina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Chondrilla
                 .
              
               
                 Coris
                 caerulea
                 maritima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 caerulea
                 Monspeliaca
                 Ger.
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Monspessulana
                 purpurea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 maris
                 litoribus
                 propè
                 montem
                 Ceti
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Cornus
                 mas
                 Ger.
                 sylv
                 .
                 mas
                 .
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 mas
                 fructu
                 rubro
                 Park
                 .
                 sativa
                 sive
                 domestica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sepibus
                 Pedemontanis
                 &
                 Mediolanensibus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Corna
                 refrigerant
                 ,
                 exiccant
                 ,
                 adstringunt
                 ,
                 constipant
                 quomodocunque
                 sumpta
                 .
                 Hinc
                 conveniunt
                 praecipuè
                 in
                 diarrhoea
                 ae
                 dysenteria
                 :
                 ardorem
                 febrilem
                 &
                 sitim
                 gratâ
                 suâ
                 aciditate
                 leniunt
                 &
                 restinguunt
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Condiuntur
                 muriâ
                 ut
                 Olivae
                 ;
                 fit
                 etiam
                 ex
                 iis
                 sapa
                 quemadmodum
                 ex
                 cerasis
                 ;
                 itémque
                 è
                 pulpa
                 electuarium
                 ,
                 ad
                 febres
                 ,
                 ad
                 fluxiones
                 biliosas
                 ,
                 ad
                 sitim
                 ,
                 ad
                 excitandam
                 appetentiam
                 utilia
                 .
                 In
                 diarrhoea
                 &
                 dysenteria
                 exhibentur
                 fructus
                 exiccati
                 &
                 pulverisati
                 ad
                 ʒj
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cornum
                 arborem
                 caveri
                 oportet
                 circa
                 alvearia
                 ,
                 nam
                 flore
                 ejus
                 degustato
                 alvo
                 concita
                 moriuntur
                 apes
                 .
                 Plin.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Hujus
                 lignum
                 omnibus
                 lignis
                 durius
                 perhibetur
                 ,
                 ad
                 radios
                 rotarum
                 utilissimum
                 ;
                 quin
                 &
                 eundem
                 habet
                 effectum
                 in
                 demorsis
                 à
                 cane
                 rabido
                 quem
                 foemina
                 Cornus
                 .
              
               
                 Coronopus
                 foliis
                 acutis
                 in
                 margine
                 dentatis
                 .
                 Plantagini
                 affinis
                 Bibinella
                 Siciliae
                 herbula
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 Haec
                 planta
                 optimè
                 describitur
                 à
                 Caesalpino
                 sub
                 titulo
                 Bibinellae
                 .
                 Non
                 esta
                 .
                 Plantago
                 maritima
                 nostras
                 ,
                 nec
                 ei
                 multùm
                 similis
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 eandem
                 faciat
                 .
                 Plantago
                 Apula
                 bulbosa
                 laciniata
                 Col.
                 i.
                 e.
                 angustifolia
                 VII
                 ,
                 sive
                 Plantago
                 pilosa
                 bulbosa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Apula
                 bulbosa
                 Park
                 .
                 huic
                 nostrae
                 persimilis
                 est
                 ,
                 &
                 fortasse
                 eadem
                 ,
                 verùm
                 an
                 bulbosam
                 habuerit
                 radicem
                 non
                 animadvertimus
                 .
                 Propè
                 Messanam
                 in
                 lingula
                 quae
                 portum
                 efficit
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
               
                 Coronopus
                 Massiliensis
                 Lobelii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Coron
                 .
                 sive
                 Serpentina
                 minor
                 Ger.
                 Holosteum
                 VIII
                 ,
                 sive
                 Massiliense
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 strictissimo
                 folio
                 majus
                 ejusdem
                 ?
                 Verùm
                 quicquid
                 de
                 aliis
                 sit
                 ,
                 Planta
                 quam
                 volumus
                 ipsissima
                 est
                 quam
                 Lobelius
                 describit
                 ;
                 namque
                 in
                 eodemmet
                 loco
                 eam
                 invenimus
                 Massiliae
                 .
              
               
                 Coronopus
                 maritimus
                 Rainaudeti
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Coronopi
                 &
                 Sedi
                 montani
                 media
                 planta
                 Massiliensium
                 Lob.
                 In
                 arenosis
                 ad
                 mare
                 propè
                 Massiliam
                 .
              
               
                 Corruda
                 v.
                 Asparagus
                 sylvestris
                 .
              
               
                 Cotonaster
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 v.
                 Chamaemespilus
                 .
              
               
                 Cotoneaster
                 Gesneri
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Cotonaster
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 non
                 serrato
                 &
                 Chamaemespilis
                 Cordi
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaemespilus
                 Ger.
                 Epimelis
                 Lugd.
                 In
                 montibus
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 &
                 Rhenum
                 flumen
                 .
              
               
                 Cotinus
                 Matth.
                 Coccygria
                 sive
                 Cotinus
                 putata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Coggygria
                 Theophrasti
                 vel
                 Cotinus
                 coriarius
                 Plinii
                 Ger.
                 Coggigria
                 sive
                 Cotinus
                 coriaria
                 Park
                 .
                 Cocconilea
                 sive
                 Coggygria
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Propè
                 pontem
                 quà
                 transitus
                 est
                 eundo
                 à
                 Gratianopoli
                 
                   à
                   la
                   fontaine
                   que
                   brusle
                
                 .
              
               
                 Cotyledon
                 media
                 foliis
                 oblongis
                 serratis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Sedum
                 .
              
               
                 Crithmum
                 4
                 
                   Matth.
                   v.
                
                 Eryngium
                 .
              
               
                 Crithmum
                 spinosum
                 Ger.
                 maritimum
                 spinosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 marit
                 .
                 spinosum
                 sive
                 Pastinaca
                 marina
                 Park
                 .
                 Pastinaca
                 marina
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Secacul
                 ,
                 &
                 Crithmum
                 spinosum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 Maris
                 Mediterranei
                 litoribus
                 nusquam
                 non
                 obvium
                 .
              
               
                 Crocus
                 vernus
                 latifolius
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Ger.
                 vernus
                 minor
                 purpurascens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 vernus
                 latifolius
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 minore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agtis
                 &
                 pascuis
                 Romae
                 vicinis
                 ,
                 ínque
                 montosis
                 pascuis
                 circa
                 Curiam
                 Rhaetorum
                 ,
                 necnon
                 in
                 summitatibus
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
                 Cruciata
                 minima
                 muralis
                 Col.
                 minima
                 in
                 maritimis
                 Caes
                 .
                 Rubia
                 echinata
                 saxatilis
                 Park
                 .
                 Rubeola
                 echinata
                 saxatilis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Rubia
                 quadrifolia
                 verticillato
                 semine
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 juxta
                 mare
                 propè
                 Liburnum
                 .
              
               
                 Cucumis
                 asininus
                 Ger.
                 agrestis
                 sive
                 asininus
                 Park
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 asininus
                 dictus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 sive
                 asininus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cucumis
                 Elaterii
                 sylv
                 .
                 Lob.
                 In
                 locis
                 ruderatis
                 &
                 ad
                 vias
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 succus
                 leniter
                 expressus
                 ac
                 inspissatus
                 Elaterium
                 dicitur
                 .
                 Ultra
                 100
                 annos
                 efficax
                 manere
                 creditur
                 .
                 Aliis
                 maximè
                 probatur
                 quod
                 lucernae
                 objectum
                 facilè
                 flagrat
                 ;
                 aliis
                 quod
                 lucernis
                 admotum
                 lumen
                 extinguat
                 .
                 
                   v.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 &
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Humores
                 serosos
                 vehementer
                 purgat
                 supernè
                 &
                 infernè
                 ,
                 menses
                 movet
                 ,
                 foetúmque
                 interimit
                 .
                 Verùm
                 quia
                 malignitate
                 non
                 caret
                 corrigi
                 debet
                 
                 
                   Lacte
                   ,
                   Tragacantho
                   ,
                   Bdellio
                
                 ,
                 &
                 corroborantibus
                 idoneis
                 ,
                 ut
                 Cinnam
                 ,
                 Spec.
                 Diarrhod
                 .
                 Abbatis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Cyanus
                 major
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 major
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Alpinus
                 radice
                 perpetua
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montanus
                 latifolius
                 ,
                 vel
                 Verbasculum
                 cyanoides
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 invenimus
                 in
                 montibus
                 juxta
                 Spadam
                 vicum
                 ,
                 postea
                 etiam
                 in
                 monte
                 Jurâ
                 saepiùs
                 memoratâ
                 .
              
               
                 Cyanus
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 repens
                 latifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 peramarus
                 repens
                 folio
                 Lavendulae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 repens
                 latifolius
                 Lobelii
                 Park
                 .
                 repens
                 latifolius
                 Ger.
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 frequens
                 .
                 Rectiùs
                 ,
                 meâ
                 sententiâ
                 Jaceis
                 annumeraretur
                 .
              
               
                 Cyclaminus
                 folio
                 rotundiore
                 elatior
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cyclamen
                 orbiculato
                 folio
                 ,
                 infernè
                 purpurascente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 orbiculato
                 folio
                 Ger.
                 Autumnale
                 vulgare
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 Junio
                 &
                 Julio
                 floret
                 ;
                 invenimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Cyclamini
                 hujus
                 caput
                 interdum
                 in
                 longitudinem
                 excrescit
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 duo
                 velut
                 cornua
                 dividitur
                 ,
                 ut
                 nos
                 cum
                 J.
                 Bauhino
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 cùm
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 aliquot
                 ejus
                 radices
                 erueremus
                 .
                 Proinde
                 frustra
                 multiplicat
                 species
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 ,
                 cùm
                 Cyclaminum
                 longiùs
                 radicatum
                 Gesn
                 .
                 &
                 Cycl
                 .
                 radice
                 instar
                 capitis
                 arietini
                 ejusdem
                 species
                 ab
                 hac
                 distinctas
                 facit
                 .
              
               
                 Cyclaminus
                 folio
                 anguloso
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 hederae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Lob
                   !
                   Ger.
                
                 autumnale
                 folio
                 hederae
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 sylvosis
                 circa
                 Romam
                 abundat
                 ,
                 mense
                 Septembri
                 florens
                 .
              
               
                 Cyclamen
                 vernum
                 
                   Lob
                   Ger.
                
                 folio
                 anguloso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 quas
                 transivimus
                 itinere
                 à
                 Massa
                 ad
                 Lucam
                 primo
                 vere
                 floruit
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 radix
                 potenter
                 incidit
                 ,
                 aperit
                 ,
                 absterg
                 .
                 errhinum
                 est
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 ,
                 in
                 obstructis
                 mensibus
                 ,
                 impellendo
                 foetu
                 mortuo
                 ,
                 in
                 ictero
                 ,
                 incalculo
                 expellendo
                 ,
                 strumis
                 ac
                 tuberculis
                 discutiendis
                 .
                 Internè
                 cauto
                 opus
                 est
                 ;
                 externo
                 usui
                 praestat
                 .
                 Adeò
                 vehemens
                 ejus
                 facultas
                 est
                 (
                 inquit
                 Galenus
                 )
                 ut
                 abdomine
                 illito
                 ventrem
                 subducat
                 &
                 foetum
                 interimat
                 .
                 Icterum
                 sanat
                 experientiâ
                 certâ
                 prodente
                 Mesuâ
                 .
                 Ad
                 tinnitum
                 aurium
                 singulare
                 est
                 remedium
                 oleum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 v.
                 Matth.
                 
              
               
                 Cymbalaria
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Italica
                 hederacea
                 Park
                 .
                 Italica
                 Ger.
                 flosculis
                 purpurascentibus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Basileae
                 in
                 ipsius
                 urbis
                 muris
                 ;
                 At
                 in
                 Italia
                 nihil
                 frequentius
                 .
              
               
                 Cyminum
                 sylvestre
                 alterum
                 Dioscoridis
                 Italorum
                 Lob.
                 Cuminum
                 corniculatum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Hypecoon
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 Hypecoum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Hypecoon
                 siliquosum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hypecoon
                 legitimum
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 lingulâ
                 illâ
                 Portum
                 Messanensem
                 à
                 freto
                 Siculo
                 di●imente
                 .
              
               
               
                 Cyminum
                 sive
                 Cuminum
                 satinum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 sativum
                 Ger.
                 semine
                 longiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 Melita
                 seritur
                 .
              
               
                 Cyminum
                 sive
                 Cuminum
                 seminibus
                 hirsutis
                 seu
                 villosis
                 .
                 In
                 insula
                 praedicta
                 cum
                 praecedente
                 succrescit
                 ,
                 sed
                 rariùs
                 .
                 Hoc
                 nescio
                 an
                 à
                 quoquam
                 hactenus
                 sit
                 descriptum
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Semen
                 resolvit
                 ac
                 flatus
                 discutit
                 ,
                 ideóque
                 utile
                 est
                 in
                 colica
                 ,
                 tympanite
                 &
                 vertigine
                 :
                 tussim
                 sedare
                 &
                 thoracem
                 expurgare
                 dicitur
                 .
                 Utiliter
                 pani
                 incoquitur
                 ,
                 &
                 caseis
                 inditur
                 ,
                 ita
                 concoctionem
                 juvat
                 &
                 flatus
                 dissipat
                 .
              
               
                 Cynoglossum
                 minus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minus
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Moguntiam
                 &
                 Genevam
                 se
                 nobis
                 in
                 conspectum
                 dedit
                 .
              
               
                 Cyperus
                 longus
                 Ger.
                 longus
                 odoratus
                 Park
                 .
                 odoratus
                 radice
                 longa
                 ,
                 sive
                 Cyperus
                 Officinarum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 paniculâ
                 sparsâ
                 speciosâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pratis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ;
                 observavimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Stomachica
                 est
                 ac
                 uterina
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 urina
                 ac
                 mensibus
                 ciendis
                 ,
                 cruditate
                 ventriculi
                 consumenda
                 ,
                 hydrope
                 inchoato
                 praeservando
                 ,
                 colica
                 ac
                 vertigine
                 discutienda
                 ;
                 ad
                 ulcera
                 oris
                 &
                 pudendorum
                 exiccanda
                 &
                 sananda
                 [
                 pulvis
                 inspersus
                 ]
                 valere
                 dicitur
                 :
                 masticata
                 emendat
                 oris
                 foetorem
                 .
                 Cocta
                 in
                 oleo
                 ,
                 contusa
                 &
                 imposita
                 renibus
                 ac
                 pectini
                 ,
                 urinam
                 proritat
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 Cytisús
                 glaber
                 siliquâ
                 latâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cytisus
                 Ger.
                 Cyt
                 .
                 glaber
                 foliis
                 subrotundis
                 ,
                 pediculis
                 brevissimis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pseudocytisus
                 foliis
                 subrotundis
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 civis
                 maritimis
                 propè
                 Salernum
                 .
              
               
                 Cytisus
                 incanus
                 siliquis
                 falcatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cyt
                 .
                 Maranthae
                 Matthiolo
                 Lob.
                 siliquâ
                 incurvâ
                 folio
                 candicante
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 7
                 cornutus
                 Ger.
                 Cyt
                 .
                 Galeni
                 creditus
                 Maranthae
                 ,
                 cornutus
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 Baias
                 invenimus
                 .
              
               
                 Cytisus
                 hirsutus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hispanicus
                 arboreus
                 Park
                 .
                 incanus
                 vel
                 hirsuntus
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 foliis
                 subruffâ
                 lanugine
                 hirsutis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pseudo-cytisus
                 hirsutus
                 Ger.
                 Hic
                 in
                 magnum
                 fruticem
                 adolescit
                 ,
                 estque
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Sicilia
                 vulgatissimus
                 .
              
               
                 Cytisus
                 sylvestris
                 Ratisponensis
                 floribus
                 luteis
                 ,
                 ad
                 exortum
                 foliorum
                 prodeuntibus
                 
                   horti
                   med
                   .
                   Altorffini
                
                 .
                 In
                 Suevia
                 &
                 Bavaria
                 propè
                 Ratisponam
                 .
                 Hic
                 an
                 descriptus
                 sit
                 ,
                 nondum
                 scimus
                 .
              
               
                 Cytisus
                 Gesneri
                 cui
                 flores
                 ferè
                 spicati
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 glaber
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 glaber
                 nigricans
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cytisus
                 Ger.
                 Pseudo-citysus
                 niger
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Austria
                 &
                 Stiria
                 itinere
                 à
                 Vienna
                 ad
                 Venetias
                 copiosum
                 observavimus
                 .
              
               
               
                 Cytisus
                 Hispanicus●Clusii
                 ,
                 folio
                 virescente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minoribus
                 foliis
                 ,
                 ramulis
                 tenellis
                 villosis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Dubitat
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 an
                 Cytisus
                 suus
                 montis
                 Calcaris
                 sit
                 idem
                 huic
                 primo
                 Clusii
                 nécne
                 ,
                 &
                 an
                 uterque
                 sit
                 idem
                 Cytiso
                 Lobelii
                 in
                 Adv.
                 descripto
                 ,
                 quem
                 viâ
                 à
                 Roma
                 ad
                 Florentiam
                 in
                 planitie
                 propè
                 
                   Aquas
                   pendulas
                
                 invenit
                 ,
                 ubi
                 &
                 nos
                 hunc
                 nostrum
                 .
                 Cortex
                 ei
                 glabra
                 &
                 candicaus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 D
              
               
                 DAmasonium
                 v.
                 ●elleborine
                 .
              
               
                 Daucus
                 Creticus
                 semine
                 hirsuto
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alpinus
                 ,
                 Cretico
                 similis
                 Park
                 .
                 Alpinus
                 multisido
                 longóque
                 folio
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanus
                 umbellâ
                 candidâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 summitate
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
                 Daucus
                 3
                 Dioscoridis
                 Col.
                 Apium
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 peregrinum
                 foliis
                 subrotundis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Visnaga
                 minor
                 quorundam
                 ,
                 Selinum
                 peregrinum
                 Clusio
                 ,
                 semine
                 hirsuto
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Selinum
                 sive
                 Apium
                 peregrinum
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 sepibus
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 Siciliae
                 urbem
                 .
              
               
                 Daucus
                 glauco
                 folio
                 ,
                 similis
                 Foeniculo
                 tortuoso
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 inter
                 vepres
                 juxta
                 Castelneuf
                 ,
                 Monspelio
                 non
                 longé
                 .
              
               
                 Daucus
                 montanus
                 Apii
                 folio
                 ,
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 montosis
                 propè
                 Ratisponam
                 promò
                 ,
                 deinde
                 etiam
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 in
                 monte
                 Jurâ
                 .
                 Hujus
                 foliorum
                 divisura
                 accedit
                 ad
                 Pimpinellam
                 saxifragam
                 minorem
                 ;
                 eique
                 satìs
                 aptè
                 congruit
                 icon
                 Park
                 .
                 &
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Aliquando
                 existimavi
                 hanc
                 suisse
                 Umbelliferam
                 Alsaticam
                 magnam
                 ,
                 umbellâ
                 parvâ
                 luteâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Daucus
                 selinoides
                 v.
                 Saxifraga
                 Venetorum
                 .
              
               
                 Delphinium
                 simplici
                 flore
                 purpuro-caeruleo
                 vulgare
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Consolida
                 regalis
                 arvensis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 regalis
                 sylvestris
                 Ger.
                 Delphinium
                 sive
                 Consolida
                 regalis
                 sylvestris
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 Delphinium
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 minore
                 ,
                 folio
                 lato
                 .
                 Flos
                 Capuccio
                 2
                 Caes
                 .
                 Consolida
                 regalis
                 latifolia
                 parvo
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 reg
                 .
                 peregrina
                 ,
                 parvo
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 Melita
                 circa
                 urbem
                 novam
                 in
                 ruderibus
                 &
                 muris
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Visum
                 acuit
                 &
                 roborat
                 tum
                 succus
                 florum
                 expressus
                 ,
                 tum
                 eorundem
                 aqua
                 destillata
                 ;
                 imo
                 vel
                 continuus
                 intuitus
                 .
                 
                 In
                 potionibus
                 vulnerariis
                 utile
                 esse
                 perhibetur
                 ,
                 consolidat
                 enim
                 &
                 glutinat
                 ,
                 unde
                 &
                 Consolidae
                 nomen
                 indeptum
                 est
                 .
                 Et
                 ut
                 nihil
                 omittam
                 ,
                 tradit
                 Jo.
                 Bauhinus
                 ▪
                 Herbam
                 in
                 pulverem
                 redactam
                 cum
                 ejusdem
                 aqua
                 stillatitia
                 potam
                 venenis
                 adversari
                 ,
                 cardialgiae
                 conferre
                 ,
                 calorem
                 praeter
                 naturam
                 extinguere
                 ,
                 bilem
                 reprimere
                 ,
                 necnon
                 tussim
                 &
                 stillicidium
                 Conserva
                 florum
                 commendatur
                 ad
                 tormina
                 ventris
                 infantum
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 ardorem
                 stomachi
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
                 qui
                 Calcatrippam
                 appellat
                 .
              
               
                 Dens
                 caninus
                 flore
                 albo
                 Ger.
                 canis
                 latiore
                 rotundioréque
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Liguriae
                 montibus
                 eundo
                 à
                 Nova
                 oppido
                 ad
                 Genuam
                 .
              
               
                 Dens
                 caninus
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Ger.
                 Erythronium
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Lob.
                 Satyrium
                 quorundam
                 Erythronium
                 bifolium
                 ,
                 flore
                 unico
                 radiato
                 albo
                 &
                 purpureo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Propè
                 Augustam
                 Taurinorum
                 ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 quem
                 ascendimus
                 eundo
                 indè
                 ad
                 Astam
                 ,
                 Hae
                 duae
                 plantae
                 mihi
                 non
                 aliter
                 differre
                 visae
                 sunt
                 quàam
                 solo
                 floris
                 colore
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Ventris
                 tineas
                 necare
                 ;
                 coli
                 dolores
                 mitigare
                 ;
                 vires
                 reficere
                 &
                 nutrire
                 ;
                 Venerem
                 excitare
                 ;
                 ex
                 aqua
                 pueros
                 Epilepticos
                 juvare
                 dicitur
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 è
                 Clusio
                 &
                 Lob.
                 
              
               
                 Dens
                 leonis
                 bulbosus
                 Ger.
                 D.
                 l.
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 Asphodeli
                 bulbulis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 D.
                 l.
                 Monspeliensium
                 ,
                 siv●
                 Asphodeli
                 bulbulis
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 
                   Sellam
                   novam
                
                 vicum
                 Monspelio
                 vicinum
                 .
              
               
                 Dentaria
                 aphyllos
                 purpurea
                 cespite
                 denso
                 .
                 Ex
                 singulis
                 squamis
                 singulos
                 promit
                 flores
                 ,
                 pediculis
                 semuncialibus
                 insidentes
                 ,
                 è
                 calyce
                 amplo
                 in
                 quinque
                 lacinias
                 diviso
                 ,
                 galeatos
                 ,
                 magnos
                 ,
                 purpurascehtes
                 cum
                 staminulis
                 intùs
                 plutimis
                 .
                 Calyx
                 striatus
                 ,
                 turgidulus
                 ,
                 In
                 Italia
                 eundo
                 à
                 Lericio
                 ad
                 Lucam
                 in
                 umbrosis
                 vidimus
              
               
                 Dentaria
                 heptaphyllos
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 heptaphyllos
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 Coralloides
                 altera
                 sive
                 septifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Jura
                 &
                 Saleva
                 montibus
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Dentaria
                 pentaphyllos
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 pentaphyllos
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 quinquefolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Dentellaria
                 Rondeletii
                 v.
                 Plumbago
                 .
              
               
                 Dictamnus
                 albus
                 Officinarum
                 v.
                 Fraxinella
                 .
              
               
                 Digitalis
                 lutea
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 lutea
                 folio
                 latiore
                 ,
                 flore
                 majore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 amplo
                 flore
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Digitalis
                 lutea
                 Ger.
                 lutea
                 vel
                 pallida
                 parvo
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 minore
                 subluteo
                 ,
                 angustiore
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cum
                 priore
                 ,
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Salernum
                 &
                 Neapolin
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
               
                 Diospyros
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alni
                 effigie
                 lanato
                 folio
                 minor
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Vitis
                 Idaea
                 tertia
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Vaccinia
                 alba
                 Ger.
                 Amelanchier
                 Lob.
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 lateribus
                 montium
                 Rheno
                 imminentium
                 .
              
               
                 Doronicum
                 vulgare
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 majus
                 Officinarum
                 Ger.
                 Romanum
                 Lugd.
                 radice
                 Scorpii
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 copiosè
                 :
                 ast
                 radix
                 nihil
                 habet
                 cum
                 Scorpio
                 similitudinis
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Disputatur
                 inter
                 Botanicos
                 ,
                 an
                 Doronicum
                 sit
                 venenatum
                 nécne
                 :
                 Matthiolus
                 illud
                 affirmat
                 ,
                 &
                 experimento
                 caniculae
                 ,
                 quam
                 4
                 drachmis
                 radicis
                 strangulavit
                 ,
                 probat
                 .
                 Huic
                 contradicit
                 Lobelius
                 ,
                 &
                 more
                 suo
                 in
                 Matthiolum
                 acriter
                 invehitur
                 :
                 nec
                 refert
                 (
                 inquit
                 )
                 quòd
                 caniculis
                 perniciosum
                 sit
                 ,
                 cùm
                 non
                 pauca
                 reperiantur
                 aliis
                 animantibus
                 noxia
                 &
                 lethifera
                 ,
                 quae
                 homini
                 non
                 modò
                 innocua
                 sed
                 &
                 salutaria
                 sunt
                 .
                 Nam
                 experimento
                 certum
                 habemus
                 ,
                 Aloe
                 saluberrimâ
                 interfici
                 vulpes
                 ,
                 &
                 ex
                 Plutarcho
                 easdem
                 enectas
                 Amygdalis
                 amaris
                 discimus
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Verùm
                 ego
                 mallem
                 suffragari
                 Matthiolo
                 ,
                 quàm
                 in
                 humano
                 corpore
                 experiri
                 quod
                 canibus
                 aliísve
                 quadrupedibus
                 perniciosum
                 comperi
                 .
                 Gesnerus
                 ut
                 manifestè
                 redargueret
                 Matthiolum
                 ,
                 scribit
                 se
                 ʒij
                 .
                 radicis
                 hujus
                 sumpsisse
                 ,
                 &
                 per
                 8
                 quidem
                 horas
                 bene
                 habuisse
                 ;
                 verùm
                 its
                 elapsis
                 ventrem
                 ac
                 stomachum
                 inslari
                 sensisse
                 ,
                 &
                 circa
                 os
                 ventriculi
                 imbecillitatem
                 quandam
                 ,
                 &
                 corpus
                 totum
                 infirmius
                 ,
                 ita
                 ferè
                 ut
                 aliàs
                 semel
                 ac
                 iterum
                 ex
                 nimio
                 frigidae
                 potu
                 perceperat
                 .
                 Quae
                 symptomata
                 cùm
                 biduo
                 durarent
                 ,
                 nec
                 videbantur
                 sponte
                 cessatura
                 ingressum
                 fuisse
                 aquae
                 calidae
                 solium
                 &
                 curatum
                 fuisse
                 .
                 Costaeus
                 scribit
                 Gesnerum
                 esu
                 radicis
                 Doronici
                 obiisse
                 .
                 
                   C.
                   Hoffm
                   .
                   De
                   Medicam
                   .
                   Officin
                   .
                
              
               
                 Dorycnium
                 Monspessulanum
                 fruticosum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 supposititium
                 Monspeliense
                 &
                 Hispanicum
                 Park
                 .
                 Hispanicum
                 Ger.
                 Trifolium
                 album
                 angustifolium
                 ,
                 floribus
                 velut
                 in
                 capitulum
                 congestis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 &
                 ad
                 sepes
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Doryenio
                 congener
                 planta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Doryenio
                 congener
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Lotus
                 pentaphyllos
                 incanus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 palustribus
                 prope
                 mare
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 ad
                 ●
                 Lycum
                 propè
                 Augustam
                 .
              
               
                 Draba
                 alba
                 siliquosa
                 repens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Hesperis
                 Alpina
                 seu
                 muralis
                 minor
                 repens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Draba
                 altera
                 repens
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Jura
                 &
                 Sal●v●
                 ,
                 praesertim
                 locis
                 humidis
                 ad
                 aquarum
                 scaturigines
                 .
              
               
                 Draba
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Dioscoridis
                 Ger.
                 multis
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Draba
                 umbellata
                 ,
                 vel
                 Draba
                 major
                 capitulis
                 do●ata
                 
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Intra
                 muros
                 Antverpiae
                 .
                 Quin
                 &
                 in
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 non
                 infrequens
                 .
              
               
                 Draba
                 lutea
                 Park
                 .
                 lutea
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 lutea
                 síliquis
                 strictissimis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 4
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Italia
                 aliquoties
                 vidimus
                 viis
                 humidis
                 ad
                 sepes
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 prope
                 Weissenbergh
                 .
              
               
                 Draba
                 siliquosa
                 Lys●machiae
                 facie
                 ,
                 an
                 Myagri
                 species
                 ?
                 In
                 alveo
                 torrentis
                 cujusdam
                 prope
                 Florentiam
                 Etruriae
                 urbem
                 .
              
               
                 Dracunculus
                 aquaticus
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 noster
                 aquaticus
                 Park
                 .
                 palustris
                 ,
                 sive
                 radice
                 arundinacea
                 Plinii
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Hollandiae
                 fossis
                 prope
                 Sevenhuys
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 E
              
               
                 EChinopus
                 v.
                 Carduus
                 Sphaerocephalus
                 .
              
               
                 Echium
                 Alpinum
                 luteum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Alopecuros
                 Alpinus
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 Echium
                 montanum
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Trachelium
                 spicatum
                 tenuifolium
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 altissimis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
                 Echium
                 majus
                 &
                 asperius
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 albo
                 majus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agro
                 Salernitano
                 &
                 Romano
                 ,
                 ínque
                 Etruria
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
                 Hae
                 reverà
                 totâ
                 specie
                 distincta
                 est
                 à
                 vulgari
                 Echio
                 ,
                 &
                 non
                 floris
                 colore
                 tantùm
                 .
              
               
                 Echium
                 Candiae
                 ,
                 flore
                 pulchrè
                 rubente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Creticum
                 latifolium
                 rubrum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Flos
                 plantae
                 quam
                 intelligimus
                 diluteè
                 rubet
                 .
                 In
                 Galliae
                 Narbonensis
                 locis
                 plurimis
                 copiose
                 ,
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 tamen
                 rariùs
                 occurrit
                 .
              
               
                 Echium
                 procumbens
                 flore
                 parvo
                 caeruleo
                 ,
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Elatine
                 folio
                 acuminato
                 ,
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 ,
                 folióque
                 acuminato
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
                 Non
                 alia
                 re
                 differt
                 à
                 vulgari
                 quàm
                 floris
                 colore
                 .
              
               
                 Epimedium
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 &c.
                 quorundam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Pontieba
                 ,
                 quà
                 ad
                 Viennam
                 Austriae
                 Indè
                 iter
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Erica
                 arboresceus
                 ,
                 floribus
                 luteolis
                 vel
                 herbaceis
                 minimis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 scopatia
                 ,
                 foliis
                 deciduis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Scoparia
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 luco
                 Gramuntio
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 ericetis
                 prope
                 Liburnum
                 .
              
               
               
                 Erica
                 arborescens
                 Monspeliensis
                 flore
                 purpurascente
                 ,
                 ramulis
                 ternis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Erica
                 ramulis
                 per
                 intervalla
                 ternis
                 
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Er.
                 coris
                 folio
                 5
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Maxima
                 haec
                 est
                 ex
                 omnibus
                 quas
                 hactenus
                 vidimus
                 Ericis
                 .
                 In
                 itinere
                 à
                 Nova
                 ad
                 Genuam
                 observavimus
                 quae
                 humanam
                 altitudinem
                 longè
                 superaret
                 ,
                 jam
                 tum
                 Aprilis
                 initio
                 florere
                 incipientem
                 .
                 Flosculi
                 dilutâ
                 purpurâ
                 obiter
                 tinguntur
                 .
                 In
                 sylva
                 Gram.
                 tantam
                 altitudinem
                 non
                 assequitur
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Erica
                 folio
                 Corios
                 multiflora
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 maxima
                 purpurascens
                 longioribus
                 foliis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Juniperifolia
                 densè
                 fruticans
                 Narbonensis
                 Lob.
                 Ericae
                 Corios
                 folio
                 secundae
                 species
                 altera
                 Clus
                 .
                 Coris
                 folio
                 maxima
                 purpurascens
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Pedenatium
                 quà
                 indè
                 Monspelium
                 itur
                 copiosé
                 :
                 itèmque
                 eundo
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 ad
                 oppidulum
                 
                   S.
                   Lupian
                
                 secus
                 vias
                 .
                 Seriùs
                 &
                 sub
                 finem
                 aestatis
                 ,
                 ínque
                 multum
                 Autumnum
                 floret
                 .
                 Hanc
                 speciem
                 non
                 ita
                 pridem
                 invenimus
                 in
                 Cornubia
                 Angliae
                 ,
                 v.
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 ●Erica
                 Pannonica
                 4
                 Clus
                 .
                 parva
                 Pannonica
                 ,
                 foliis
                 Corios
                 ternis
                 ,
                 flore
                 carneo
                 ,
                 capitulis
                 Thymi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 procumbens
                 ,
                 ternis
                 foliolis
                 carnea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Er.
                 coris
                 folio
                 9
                 Clusii
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 supina
                 carnea
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 rupibus
                 eundo
                 à
                 Tridento
                 ad
                 Bolzanum
                 mense
                 Februario
                 florentem
                 copiosam
                 invenimus
                 .
              
               
                 Erica
                 procumbens
                 herbacea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 supina
                 herbacea
                 Park
                 .
                 parva
                 foliis
                 corios
                 quaternis
                 ,
                 flore
                 herbaceo
                 ,
                 foliaceis
                 capitulis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Lindavia
                 Germaniae
                 urbe
                 ad
                 lacum
                 Acronium
                 sitâ
                 ,
                 sub
                 finem
                 mensis
                 Augusti
                 jam
                 tum
                 florere
                 incipientem
                 observavimus
                 .
                 Primae
                 speciei
                 similis
                 est
                 sed
                 minor
                 .
              
               
                 Erinus
                 Caes
                 .
                 &
                 
                   Col.
                   v.
                
                 Alsine
                 oblongo
                 serrato
                 folio
                 .
              
               
                 Eruca
                 echinatâ
                 siliquâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Monspeliaca
                 siliquâ
                 quadrangulâ
                 Park
                 .
                 Sinapi
                 echinatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Lugd.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Lucâ
                 ,
                 secus
                 viam
                 quae
                 indè
                 ad
                 Pisas
                 ducit
                 .
              
               
                 Ervilia
                 v.
                 Ochrus
                 .
              
               
                 Eryngium
                 luteum
                 Monspeliense
                 ,
                 v.
                 Carduus
                 Chrysanthemus
                 .
              
               
                 Eryngium
                 arvense
                 foliis
                 serrae
                 similibus
                 ,
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 montanum
                 Ger.
                 Crithmum
                 4
                 Matthioli
                 umbelliferum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 in
                 Germania
                 circa
                 Rhenum
                 frequens
                 .
                 Hoc
                 Park
                 .
                 cum
                 Sphondylio
                 ineptè
                 confundit
                 .
              
               
                 Eryngium
                 caeruleum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montanum
                 Amethystinum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Stiriae
                 .
                 Solo
                 summitatum
                 colore
                 à
                 vulgari
                 campestri
                 differre
                 videtur
                 .
              
               
                 Erysimum
                 Matthioli
                 alterum
                 Lob.
                 alterum
                 Italicum
                 G●r
                 .
                 
                 verum
                 sive
                 montanum
                 Park
                 .
                 alterum
                 Matthioli
                 ,
                 siliquis
                 parvis
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Dentaria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Erys
                 .
                 polyceration
                 sive
                 corniculatum
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 In
                 ipso
                 maris
                 litore
                 ad
                 Rhegium
                 Calabriae
                 urbem
                 .
              
               
                 Esula
                 v.
                 Tithymalus
                 .
              
               
                 Euphrasia
                 pratensis
                 ,
                 lutea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 prat
                 ,
                 major
                 lutea
                 Park
                 .
                 Coris
                 Monspessulana
                 lutea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Sideritis
                 pratensis
                 lutea
                 Lugd.
                 Primó
                 cam
                 invenimus
                 in
                 Germania
                 non
                 procul
                 Altdorffio
                 Norimbergensium
                 Academia
                 ,
                 deinde
                 in
                 Etruriâ
                 tandem
                 in
                 Narbonensi
                 Gallia
                 .
                 Seriùs
                 post
                 mediam
                 aestatem
                 floret
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 F
              
               
                 FAba
                 veterum
                 serratis
                 foliis
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                   in
                   App.
                
                 Aracus
                 fabaceus
                 serratus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 frutices
                 circa
                 Baias
                 .
              
               
                 Ferrum
                 equinum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 equinum
                 majus
                 Park
                 .
                 Solea
                 equina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ferrum
                 equinum
                 siliquâ
                 singulari
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Liburnum
                 ,
                 Neapolin
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 Ferrum
                 equinum
                 Gallicum
                 Park
                 .
                 Gallicum
                 siliquis
                 in
                 summitate
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Polygalon
                 Cortusi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 Delphinatu
                 circa
                 Gratianopolin
                 .
              
               
                 Ferula
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 foemina
                 Plinii
                 
                   C.
                   E.
                
                 tenuiore
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 folio
                 Foeniculi
                 ,
                 femine
                 latiore
                 &
                 rotundiore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Messanae
                 imminentibus
                 copiosè
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Italia
                 :
                 plurima
                 quinetiam
                 &
                 procera
                 in
                 Narbonensi
                 Gallia
                 ,
                 praesertim
                 illis
                 rupibus
                 praeruptísque
                 saxis
                 propè
                 subterraneas
                 cryptas
                 ,
                 vià
                 qua
                 Monspelio
                 Frontignanam
                 itur
                 ad
                 dextram
                 ,
                 Lobelio
                 olim
                 ,
                 nobis
                 nuperrimè
                 observata
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Medullâ
                 hujus
                 caulium
                 fungos●
                 pro
                 fomite
                 ad
                 ignem
                 concipiendum
                 nonnullos
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 usos
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 cùm
                 in
                 insula
                 illa
                 peregrinaremur
                 ;
                 unde
                 intelligitur
                 cur
                 Poetae
                 sinxerint
                 Prometheum
                 ignem
                 coelestem
                 cavâ
                 ferulâ
                 exceptum
                 deportâsse
                 in
                 terram
                 .
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 .
                 Hesiod
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hujus
                 viridis
                 medulla
                 pota
                 sanguinem
                 spuentibus
                 &
                 coeliacis
                 prodest
                 ,
                 sanguinis
                 eruptiones
                 sistit
                 :
                 Semen
                 potum
                 torminibus
                 auxiliatur
                 .
                 Diosc
                 .
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hujus
                 succus
                 inspissatus
                 seu
                 Gummi
                 Galbanum
                 dicitur
                 :
                 cujus
                 usus
                 intrinsecus
                 est
                 in
                 mensibus
                 ae
                 partu
                 pellendis
                 ;
                 in
                 tussi
                 inveterata
                 ac
                 asthmate
                 ;
                 Adversatur
                 toxicis
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 prodest
                 in
                 partu
                 ac
                 mensibus
                 ,
                 suffocatione
                 uteri
                 ,
                 vertigine
                 ;
                 in
                 furunculis
                 &
                 lentiginibus
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 E
                 ferulis
                 primâ
                 tantùm
                 germinatione
                 corculum
                 quoddam
                 pastores
                 eximunt
                 ,
                 ovi
                 luteum
                 induratum
                 referens
                 ,
                 quod
                 sub
                 cineribus
                 assatum
                 ,
                 priùs
                 tamen
                 chartâ
                 aut
                 linteo
                 madefactis
                 involutum
                 ,
                 mox
                 pipere
                 &
                 sale
                 conspersum
                 ,
                 non
                 modò
                 gustui
                 gratissimus
                 est
                 cibus
                 ,
                 sed
                 etiam
                 ad
                 excitandam
                 Venerem
                 valentissimus
                 .
              
               
                 Ficus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 communis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   The
                   common
                   Fig-tree
                
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbon●nsi
                 frequentissima
                 ,
                 non
                 tamen
                 sponte
                 .
              
               
                 Ficus
                 sylvestris
                 Dioscoridi
                 
                   C.
                   B
                
                 Caprificus
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                   .
                   The
                   wild
                   Fig-tree
                   .
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 passim
                 provenit
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Veteres
                 in
                 descriptione
                 virium
                 hujus
                 arboris
                 admodum
                 sunt
                 prolixi
                 ,
                 videsis
                 Plinium
                 &
                 Dioscoridem
                 .
                 Caricae
                 calefac
                 .
                 &
                 humectant
                 ,
                 pulmonariae
                 sunt
                 &
                 bechiae
                 ,
                 arenulis
                 renum
                 &
                 vesicae
                 medentur
                 ,
                 venenis
                 resistunt
                 :
                 praecipui
                 usûs
                 sunt
                 in
                 variolis
                 &
                 morbillis
                 ad
                 cutem
                 pellendis
                 ;
                 maturant
                 ,
                 molliunt
                 ,
                 attrahunt
                 ,
                 unde
                 &
                 bubonibus
                 pestilentialibus
                 (
                 innuente
                 S.
                 Scripturâ
                 )
                 conferunt
                 .
                 Mulierculis
                 nostratibus
                 ,
                 appropinquante
                 partu
                 ,
                 ficuum
                 tostarum
                 esus
                 ad
                 partum
                 facilitandum
                 est
                 familiarissimus
                 .
                 Quin
                 &
                 familiare
                 est
                 super
                 ficus
                 spiritum
                 vini
                 accendere
                 ,
                 brodiùmque
                 ad
                 tussim
                 sedandam
                 propinare
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Ficuum
                 frequentem
                 esum
                 pediculos
                 generare
                 praeter
                 Galenum
                 Paulus
                 Aegineta
                 ,
                 Oribasius
                 &
                 recentiorum
                 quamplurimi
                 sibi
                 persuasum
                 habent
                 :
                 quae
                 opinio
                 &
                 apud
                 vulgus
                 nostratium
                 viget
                 .
                 Cujus
                 rei
                 causam
                 tum
                 demum
                 inquiremus
                 cùm
                 de
                 experimento
                 nobis
                 constiterit●
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Ficus
                 recentes
                 modò
                 maturae
                 sint
                 à
                 ventriculo
                 ocyssimè
                 &
                 facillimè
                 consiciuntur
                 ,
                 imò
                 quovis
                 alio
                 fructu
                 horario
                 celeriùs
                 coquuntur
                 .
                 Quod
                 vel
                 indè
                 constat
                 ,
                 quòd
                 non
                 solùm
                 citra
                 noxam
                 copiosius
                 aliis
                 fructibus
                 eas
                 ingerimus
                 ,
                 sed
                 etiam
                 illis
                 praesumptis
                 ,
                 si
                 consuetum
                 &
                 parem
                 cibi
                 modum
                 addamus
                 id
                 nihil
                 incommodat
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Nos
                 certè
                 in
                 Italia
                 ante
                 prandium
                 ficûs
                 saepenumero
                 sine
                 ullo
                 incommodo
                 copiose
                 ingessimus
                 .
                 Galenus
                 ,
                 ut
                 salubrem
                 vitam
                 degeret
                 ab
                 omni
                 sugaci
                 pomo
                 abstinuisse
                 se
                 tradit
                 à
                 28.
                 anno
                 aetat
                 .
                 ad
                 senectutem
                 
                 usque
                 ,
                 exceptis
                 exactè
                 maturis
                 ficubus
                 atque
                 uvis
                 :
                 Quin
                 &
                 amicos
                 qui
                 ejus
                 monitu
                 ab
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 fructibus
                 abstinuerunt
                 sine
                 morbis
                 fuisse
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Quae
                 de
                 caprificatione
                 Veteres
                 tradunt
                 sic
                 brevibus
                 complexus
                 est
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 ,
                 E
                 putrescente
                 Caprifici
                 fructu
                 culices
                 geniti
                 ,
                 in
                 urbanae
                 fructus
                 evolant
                 ,
                 eósque
                 morsu
                 aperientes
                 superfluam
                 humiditatem
                 depascuntur
                 ,
                 radiósque
                 unà
                 solares
                 intromittunt
                 ,
                 adeóque
                 eorundem
                 concoctionem
                 &
                 maturitatem
                 promovent
                 &
                 accelerant
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Literae
                 quae
                 succo
                 seu
                 lacte
                 turionum
                 hujus
                 arboris
                 in
                 charta
                 exarantur
                 omnino
                 inconspicuae
                 sunt
                 ,
                 donec
                 charta
                 igni
                 admota
                 vehementer
                 calefiat
                 ;
                 quod
                 etiam
                 aceto
                 ,
                 succo
                 limonum
                 alissque
                 pluribus
                 commune
                 est
                 .
                 Acris
                 est
                 &
                 causticus
                 hic
                 succus
                 ,
                 lac
                 coagulat
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Ficus
                 à
                 plerisque
                 botanicis
                 flore
                 carere
                 traditur
                 .
                 Verùm
                 (
                 inquit
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 )
                 Fructus
                 cùm
                 ad
                 mediam
                 magnitudinem
                 pervenerit
                 ,
                 flores
                 intra
                 se
                 concipit
                 ,
                 sigurâ
                 consertis
                 staminibus
                 similes
                 ;
                 colore
                 in
                 candido
                 purpurascentes
                 ,
                 undique
                 è
                 carne
                 exeuntes
                 ,
                 atque
                 ad
                 mediam
                 fructûs
                 cavitatem
                 se
                 dirigentes
                 :
                 quod
                 Cordus
                 primùm
                 observavit
                 .
              
               
                 Filix
                 saxatilis
                 non
                 ramosa
                 minima
                 ,
                 an
                 Dryopteris
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 An
                 Dryopteris
                 sive
                 Filix
                 querna
                 repens
                 Adv.
                 ?
                 In
                 rupibus
                 squalidis
                 montium
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 .
              
               
                 Flos
                 Adonis
                 flore
                 rubro
                 Ger.
                 Adoris
                 vulgo
                 ,
                 aliis
                 Eranthemum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Adonis
                 sylvest●is
                 ,
                 flore
                 phoeniceo
                 ejúsque
                 foliis
                 long●oribus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Liburnum
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 Filix
                 saxatilis
                 corniculata
                 v.
                 Adi●nthum
                 .
              
               
                 Flammula
                 Jovis
                 v.
                 Clematis
                 .
              
               
                 Foeniculum
                 tortuosum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Seseli
                 Massiiense
                 Foeniculi
                 folio
                 quod
                 Dioscoridi
                 censetur
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 primò
                 ,
                 postea
                 circa
                 Monspeliam
                 copios●limum
                 vidimus
                 ,
                 Scriùs
                 floret
                 .
              
               
                 Foenum
                 Burgundicum
                 v.
                 Medica
                 .
              
               
                 Fraxinella
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Cordi
                 &
                 Officinarum
                 Lob.
                 Dictamnus
                 albus
                 vulgo
                 ,
                 sive
                 Fraxinella
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Fraxinella
                 ,
                 Officinis
                 Dictamnus
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 In
                 praeruptis
                 montium
                 Rheno
                 vicinorum
                 non
                 semel
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Radix
                 cordialis
                 est
                 alexipharmaca
                 ,
                 uterina
                 ,
                 cephalica
                 .
                 Vermes
                 necat
                 ,
                 menses
                 &
                 urinas
                 movet
                 ,
                 secundas
                 &
                 foetum
                 mortuum
                 educit
                 ,
                 valet
                 ad
                 alvi
                 torsiones
                 &
                 ejiciendos
                 renum
                 calculos
                 in
                 vino
                 pota
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 peste
                 &
                 morbis
                 malignis
                 ,
                 in
                 Epilepsia
                 ,
                 aliisque
                 affectibus
                 capitis
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Siliquae
                 &
                 flores
                 contactu
                 pruritum
                 faciunt
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 calidioribus
                 regionibus
                 cutem
                 exulcerant
                 .
              
               
                 Frumentum
                 Indicum
                 v.
                 Maiz.
                 
              
               
                 Fucus
                 marinis
                 rotundifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Opuntia
                 marina
                 .
              
               
                 Fumaria
                 bulbosa
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 bulbosa
                 ,
                 radice
                 cava
                 ,
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Radix
                 cava
                 major
                 alba
                 Ger.
                 Ubique
                 fere
                 ad
                 sepes
                 ,
                 inque
                 scrobibus
                 umbroiisque
                 sepibus
                 Alpium
                 Helveticarum
                 .
              
               
                 Fumaria
                 bulbosa
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 radice
                 cava
                 ,
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Radix
                 cava
                 major
                 purpurea
                 Ger.
                 Cum
                 priore
                 sed
                 magìs
                 frequens
                 ,
                 nec
                 aliter
                 ab
                 ea
                 differre
                 videtur
                 quàm
                 solo
                 floris
                 colore
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 hanc
                 in
                 agro
                 Mediolanensi
                 ,
                 cùm
                 vere
                 primo
                 Mediolano
                 Taurinum
                 iter
                 faceremus
                 .
              
               
                 Fungus
                 auricularis
                 Caesalpini
                 v.
                 Alcyonium
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 G.
                 
              
               
                 GAleopsis
                 sive
                 Urtica
                 iners
                 flore
                 purpurascente
                 majore
                 ,
                 folio
                 non
                 maculato
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Synonyma
                 quaere
                 apud
                 J.
                 Bauhinum
                 .
                 Autores
                 nostri
                 hanc
                 speciem
                 confundunt
                 cum
                 Lamio
                 purpureo
                 ,
                 folio
                 &
                 flore
                 minore
                 ,
                 quod
                 solum
                 in
                 Anglia
                 sponte
                 provenit
                 .
                 Suspicatur
                 Parkinsonus
                 Lamium
                 purpureum
                 minus
                 incognitum
                 fuisse
                 Caesalpino
                 ,
                 Matthiolo
                 &
                 antiquioribus
                 Botanicis
                 ,
                 quoniam
                 Lobelius
                 &
                 Dodonaeus
                 primi
                 veram
                 ejus
                 iconem
                 ediderunt
                 ,
                 &
                 proinde
                 Angliae
                 peculiare
                 &
                 exteris
                 regionibus
                 minus
                 notum
                 conjectatur
                 .
                 At
                 verò
                 utrumque
                 Lamium
                 purpureum
                 regionibus
                 transmarinis
                 frequens
                 &
                 ubique
                 ferè
                 obvium
                 .
                 Speciem
                 majorem
                 in
                 Anglia
                 nondum
                 spontaneam
                 vidi
                 .
              
               
                 Galeopsis
                 maculata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lamium
                 albâ
                 lineâ
                 notatum
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Lam.
                 Plinii
                 montanum
                 Columnae
                 Park
                 .
                 Milzadella
                 vulgò
                 ,
                 Leucas
                 Dioscoridis
                 fortè
                 Caes
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 frequens
                 occurrit
                 .
                 Nescio
                 an
                 alia
                 re
                 quaquam
                 à
                 minore
                 purpureo
                 differat
                 quàm
                 albo
                 hoc
                 ductu
                 in
                 foliis
                 mediis
                 .
              
               
                 Galega
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Rùta
                 capraria
                 Gesn
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 nusquam
                 non
                 obvia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Celeberrimum
                 est
                 alexipharmacum
                 ac
                 sudoriferum
                 ,
                 venenum
                 inprimis
                 pestilentiale
                 insigniter
                 discutiens
                 .
                 Usus
                 ejus
                 praecipue
                 in
                 petechiis
                 expellendis
                 ,
                 
                 aliísque
                 morbis
                 pestilentialibus
                 ,
                 ipsâque
                 peste
                 curanda
                 ;
                 in
                 morbillis
                 ;
                 in
                 Epilepsia
                 infantum
                 (
                 exhibetur
                 succi
                 cochlear
                 .
                 1.
                 )
                 in
                 ictibus
                 serpentum
                 ;
                 in
                 lumbricis
                 ,
                 quos
                 etiam
                 extrinsecus
                 applicata
                 fugat
                 .
                 Estur
                 a.
                 herba
                 ipsa
                 cruda
                 vel
                 cocta
                 ,
                 ad
                 hos
                 usus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Foliorum
                 succus
                 vel
                 etiam
                 folia
                 ipsa
                 tusa
                 &
                 impoposita
                 tumoribus
                 apum
                 aut
                 vesparum
                 ictibus
                 excitatis
                 ,
                 dolorem
                 statim
                 mitigant
                 &
                 tumores
                 discutiunt
                 .
              
               
                 Gallium
                 rubrum
                 
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 rubro
                 Park
                 .
                 flore
                 rubro
                 Sprengerianum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 dum
                 Viennâ
                 Austriae
                 Venetias
                 iter
                 faceremus
                 saepiùs
                 in
                 conspectum
                 se
                 dedit
                 .
              
               
                 Gallium
                 flore
                 albo
                 majus
                 v.
                 Mollugo
                 montana
                 .
              
               
                 Genista
                 Hispanica
                 Ger.
                 juncea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Spartum
                 Hispanicum
                 frutex
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 Spartum
                 arborescens
                 seminibus
                 Lenti
                 similibus
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 vulgatissima
                 .
              
               
                 Genista
                 argentea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 planitie
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 oppido
                 S.
                 Lupiani
                 quam
                 transimus
                 eundo
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 ad
                 montem
                 Lupi
                 .
              
               
                 Genistella
                 aculeata
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 aculeata
                 foliosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 spinosa
                 minor
                 Germanica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 passim
                 .
                 Haec
                 omnino
                 specie
                 differt
                 à
                 Genistella
                 spinosa
                 nostrate
                 vulgò
                 dicta
                 ,
                 ut
                 in
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 monuimus
                 .
              
               
                 Genistella
                 montana
                 Germanica
                 Park
                 .
                 lagopodoides
                 major
                 Ger.
                 herbacea
                 ,
                 sive
                 Chamaespartium
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 Chamaegenista
                 sagittalis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pascuis
                 Germaniae
                 sterilioribus
                 abunde
                 provenit
                 ,
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Genistella
                 tinctoria
                 Hispanica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 infectoria
                 Ger.
                 Genista
                 tinctoria
                 Hispanica
                 Park
                 .
                 Genista
                 tinctoria
                 frutesce●s
                 foliis
                 incanis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 sylvosis
                 supra
                 Neapolin
                 versus
                 Camaldulensium
                 coenobium
                 .
              
               
                 Gentiana
                 major
                 Ger.
                 major
                 lutea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 major
                 Hellebori
                 albi
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Great
                   Gentian
                   or
                   Fellwort
                   .
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 copiose
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Alexipharmaca
                 est
                 [
                 Radix
                 ]
                 aperit
                 ,
                 attenuat
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 peste
                 aliisque
                 venenatis
                 affectibus
                 ,
                 in
                 obstructione
                 epatis
                 &
                 lienis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 &
                 hinc
                 in
                 hydrope
                 ,
                 tum
                 in
                 suffocatione
                 uteri
                 ,
                 in
                 imbecillitate
                 ventriculi
                 ,
                 lumbricis
                 ,
                 febribus
                 intermittentibus
                 ,
                 morsu
                 eanis
                 rabidi
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Extrinsecùs
                 adhibetur
                 creberrimè
                 in
                 vulneribus
                 ac
                 fonticulis
                 mundificandis
                 ,
                 in
                 morsu
                 canis
                 rabidi
                 arcendo
                 (
                 cum
                 theriaca
                 imposita
                 )
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Succus
                 inspissatus
                 creberrimi
                 est
                 usûs
                 in
                 febribus
                 intermittentibus
                 in
                 quibus
                 ante
                 paroxysmum
                 â
                 ʒss
                 .
                 ad
                 ʒj
                 .
                 yel
                 ℈
                 iv
                 .
                 exhibetur
                 felici
                 cum
                 successu
                 .
                 
                   Schord
                   .
                   Matth.
                
                 
                 Aqua
                 destillata
                 maculas
                 cutis
                 deterget
                 .
                 Est
                 a.
                 Gentiana
                 amara
                 admodum
                 ,
                 indéque
                 putredinis
                 hostis
                 infensissimus
                 &
                 veneni
                 mors
                 (
                 ut
                 inquit
                 Lobelius
                 .
                 )
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hepaticis
                 &
                 stomachicis
                 qui
                 cibum
                 sumptum
                 retinere
                 non
                 valent
                 ,
                 Gentianae
                 radicis
                 pulvis
                 è
                 vino
                 exhiberi
                 debet
                 ;
                 quod
                 qui
                 fecerit
                 auxilium
                 praeseus
                 sentiet
                 .
                 Trag.
                 
              
               
                 Gentiana
                 Asclepiadis
                 folio
                 
                   C
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 major
                 2
                 caeruleo
                 flore
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 folio
                 Asclepiadis
                 vulgò
                 creditae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montosis
                 propè
                 Lindaviam
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Gentiana
                 cruciata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 minor
                 cruciata
                 Ger.
                 minor
                 seu
                 vulgi
                 cruciata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germaniae
                 pascuis
                 montosis
                 passim
                 .
                 Habetur
                 etiam
                 satis
                 frequens
                 in
                 Gallia
                 &
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 Gentianella
                 verna
                 major
                 Ger.
                 Alpina
                 verna
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 Alp.
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alp.
                 angustifolia
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 altissimis
                 verticibus
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
                 Gentianula
                 quae
                 Hippion
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Gentianella
                 Alpina
                 verna
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Alpina
                 verna
                 Ger.
                 minor
                 verna
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 montibus
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Gentianula
                 lanugine
                 ad
                 singulorum
                 foliorum
                 floris
                 lacinias
                 donata
                 ,
                 flore
                 quadripartito
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Gentiana
                 angustifolia
                 Autumnalis
                 major
                 ,
                 itémque
                 minor
                 floribus
                 ad
                 latera
                 pilosis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Gentianella
                 Autumnalis
                 simbriato
                 flore
                 Park
                 .
                 Itinere
                 ab
                 Augusta
                 ad
                 Norimbergam
                 .
              
               
                 Gentianella
                 Autumnalis
                 minima
                 calyce
                 turgido
                 pentagono
                 .
                 In
                 planitie
                 ad
                 fluvium
                 Lycum
                 non
                 procul
                 Augustâ
                 Vindelicorum
                 copiosè
                 ,
                 exeunte
                 Augusto
                 florens
                 .
              
               
                 Gentianella
                 omnium
                 minima
                 v.
                 Muscus
                 Alpinus
                 .
              
               
                 Geranium
                 Althaeae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Althaeodes
                 majus
                 Park
                 .
                 malacoides
                 Ger.
                 malvaceum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Genuam
                 in
                 stalia
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 Geranium
                 Creticum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 folio
                 Cicutae
                 vel
                 Myrrhidis
                 VII
                 ,
                 sive
                 latifolium
                 longissimâ
                 acu
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 speciosum
                 annuum
                 longissimis
                 rostris
                 Creticum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 propè
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Geranium
                 cicutae
                 folio
                 ,
                 acu
                 longissima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Monspeliacum
                 laciniatum
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 &
                 in
                 aggeribus
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Geranium
                 nodosum
                 Park
                 .
                 Anemones
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 XII
                 ,
                 sive
                 nodosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 nodosum
                 Plateau
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 magnum
                 folio
                 trifido
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 sepes
                 ,
                 itinere
                 à
                 Gratianopoli
                 
                   à
                   la
                   fontaine
                   que
                   brusle
                
                 .
              
               
                 Geranium
                 phaeo
                 sive
                 pullo
                 flore
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 pullo
                 flore
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 Anemones
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 VIII
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanum
                 suscum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 batrachoides
                 pullo
                 flore
                 Ger.
                 In
                 monte
                 Jura
                 propè
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
               
                 Geranium
                 Romanum
                 versicolor
                 sive
                 striatum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 Salernum
                 inter
                 &
                 Cavam
                 in
                 Regno
                 Neapolitano
                 .
              
               
                 Gingidium
                 v.
                 Visnaga
                 .
              
               
                 Gladiolus
                 sive
                 Xiphion
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Gladiolus
                 Narbonensis
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Glad
                 .
                 floribus
                 uno
                 versu
                 dispositis
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Liburnum
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Glastum
                 sylvestre
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Isatis
                 sylv
                 .
                 vel
                 angustifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 secus
                 Rhenum
                 .
                 Culturâ
                 tantùm
                 à
                 sativa
                 differre
                 videtur
                 .
              
               
                 Glaux
                 peregrina
                 annua
                 .
                 Vicia
                 Sesamacea
                 Apula
                 Col.
                 Foenugraeco
                 sylvestri
                 Tragi
                 in
                 quibusdam
                 accedens
                 planta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ornithopodio
                 affinis
                 hirsuta
                 semine
                 stellato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 qui
                 Stellam
                 leguminoosam
                 hue
                 refert
                 ,
                 cùm
                 sint
                 distinctae
                 plantae
                 .
                 In
                 lingula
                 Fretum
                 Siculum
                 à
                 portu
                 Messanensi
                 dividente
                 .
              
               
                 Globularia
                 Monspeliensium
                 v.
                 Bellis
                 caerulea
                 .
              
               
                 Gnaphalium
                 Alpinum
                 pulchrum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montanum
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpinum
                 magno
                 flore
                 ,
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Leontopodium
                 Dod.
                 Gnaph
                 .
                 Alpinum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 praealto
                 vertice
                 
                   La
                   Dolaz
                
                 dicto
                 .
              
               
                 Gnaphalium
                 roseum
                 Park
                 .
                 roseum
                 sylv
                 .
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Umbellatum
                 minimum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Siciliae
                 Pachynum
                 vulgò
                 
                   Capo
                   Passaro
                
                 ,
                 ubi
                 arx
                 ab
                 Hispanis
                 praesidio
                 tenetur
                 .
              
               
                 Gnaphalium
                 ad
                 Stoechadem
                 citrinam
                 accedens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pratis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 
                   Castro
                   novo
                
                 vico
                 Monspelio
                 vicino
                 .
              
               
                 Gossipium
                 sive
                 Xylon
                 Ger.
                 Goss
                 .
                 frutescens
                 annuum
                 Park
                 .
                 frutescens
                 semine
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Xylon
                 sive
                 Gossipium
                 herbaceum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 Melitensi
                 quotannis
                 magno
                 proventu
                 seritur
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Seminis
                 medulla
                 tussientibus
                 &
                 difficulter
                 spirantibus
                 mirificè
                 auxiliatur
                 ,
                 Venerem
                 stimulat
                 ;
                 oleum
                 indè
                 expresum
                 lentigines
                 ,
                 varos
                 ,
                 alphos
                 ,
                 caeterásque
                 cutis
                 infectiones
                 delet
                 .
                 Lanugo
                 usta
                 sistit
                 sanguinis
                 profluvia
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Gramen
                 dactylon
                 latiore
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Graminis
                 genus
                 Dens
                 caninus
                 3
                 ,
                 sive
                 Gramen
                 primum
                 ,
                 vel
                 Galli
                 crus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ab
                 hoc
                 sativum
                 ,
                 quod
                 Gramen
                 Mannae
                 vocant
                 ,
                 nonnisi
                 culturâ
                 differre
                 videtur
                 ,
                 inquit
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ischaemon
                 vulgare
                 Ger.
                 sylvestre
                 latiore
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 ,
                 in
                 agris
                 passim
                 .
                 Hanc
                 speciem
                 in
                 Anglia
                 non
                 ita
                 pridem
                 invenit
                 T.
                 Willisellus
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 digitatum
                 hirsutum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Gr.
                 dactylon
                 sive
                 Ischaemum
                 V
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Dactylon
                 angustifolium
                 spicis
                 villosis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 
                 Isch
                 aemon
                 sylvestre
                 spicis
                 villosis
                 Park
                 .
                 Ab
                 hoc
                 non
                 diversum
                 putamus
                 Gramen
                 scoparium
                 Ischaemi
                 paniculis
                 Gallicum
                 ,
                 ex
                 cujus
                 nimirum
                 radiculis
                 scopulae
                 fiunt
                 .
                 Gramen
                 illud
                 è
                 quo
                 Cremae
                 praesertim
                 in
                 Lombardia
                 scopulae
                 hujusmodi
                 siunt
                 ,
                 Capriola
                 ibi
                 appellant
                 :
                 unde
                 Matthiolum
                 falsum
                 esse
                 suspicamur
                 ,
                 qui
                 Gramen
                 Mannae
                 pro
                 Capriola
                 habet
                 ,
                 quod
                 annua
                 est
                 planta
                 ,
                 cujúsque
                 radices
                 huic
                 usui
                 nec
                 adhibentur
                 ,
                 neque
                 idoneae
                 sunt
                 .
                 Fortè
                 Capriola
                 nomen
                 commune
                 est
                 huic
                 generi
                 Graminis
                 digitati
                 ;
                 vulgus
                 enim
                 non
                 distinguit
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 repens
                 cum
                 panicula
                 Graminis
                 Mannae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 dactyloides
                 radice
                 repente
                 Ger.
                 canarium
                 ischaemi
                 paniculis
                 Park
                 .
                 dactylon
                 folio
                 arundinaceo
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 quod
                 nomen
                 huic
                 nostro
                 ,
                 utpote
                 minori
                 &
                 supino
                 ,
                 minimè
                 convenit
                 .
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 arenosis
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 dactylon
                 Messanense
                 geminâ
                 ab
                 eodem
                 exortu
                 spicâ
                 .
                 An
                 Gramen
                 distachophoron
                 Col.
                 ?
                 Habet
                 a.
                 in
                 eodem
                 caule
                 (
                 ni
                 malè
                 memini
                 )
                 plura
                 spicarum
                 paria
                 .
                 In
                 montibus
                 Meslanae
                 alteri
                 Siciliae
                 metropoli
                 adjacentibus
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 tremulum
                 maximum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 trem
                 .
                 maximum
                 Hispanicum
                 Park
                 .
                 Phalaris
                 pratensis
                 altera
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 Pluribus
                 Italiae
                 &
                 Siciliae
                 in
                 locis
                 ,
                 speciatim
                 circa
                 Baias
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 pulchrum
                 parvum
                 paniculâ
                 latâ
                 compressà
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 cyperoides
                 paniculâ
                 sparsâ
                 sufflavescente
                 Park
                 .
                 cyp
                 .
                 minus
                 paniculâ
                 sparsâ
                 subslavescente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cur
                 a
                 paniculâ
                 sparsâ
                 denominat
                 ,
                 cùm
                 è
                 contra
                 paniculâ
                 sit
                 conglomeratâ
                 ?
                 In
                 humidioribus
                 &
                 ubi
                 per
                 hyemem
                 aquae
                 stagnârant
                 in
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 ,
                 &
                 Narbonensi
                 Gallia
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 parvum
                 pulchrum
                 paniculâ
                 compressâ
                 nigricante
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 cyperoides
                 paniculâ
                 nigricante
                 Park
                 .
                 cyp
                 minus
                 paniculâ
                 sparsâ
                 nigricante
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 palustribus
                 non
                 procul
                 Monspelio
                 .
                 Quin
                 &
                 in
                 Italiâ
                 ad
                 ipsos
                 Florentiae
                 urbis
                 muros
                 in
                 fossulis
                 collegimus
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 Alopecuros
                 spicâ
                 longâ
                 tomentosâ
                 candicante
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alopecuros
                 major
                 spicâ
                 longiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Gr.
                 alopecuroides
                 alterum
                 radice
                 repente
                 ,
                 sive
                 Pseudo-schoenanthum
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Schoenanthum
                 adulterinum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 maritimis
                 Monspelio
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 paniculatnm
                 elegans
                 Ger.
                 Gr.
                 amoris
                 dictum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Gr.
                 paniculis
                 elegantissimis
                 ,
                 sive
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Phalaris
                 pratensis
                 major
                 ,
                 sive
                 Gramen
                 tremulum
                 maximum
                 Park
                 .
                 inepté
                 .
                 Primò
                 nobis
                 occurrit
                 Francofurti
                 ad
                 Moenum
                 ;
                 deinde
                 passim
                 per
                 Germaniam
                 ,
                 Italiam
                 
                 &
                 Galliam
                 Narbonensem
                 .
                 Hujus
                 varietatem
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Florentiam
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 quae
                 dici
                 poterit
              
               
                 Gramen
                 amoris
                 alterum
                 paniculis
                 strigosioribus
                 magísque
                 sparsis
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 minimum
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minimum
                 paniculis
                 elegantissimis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 vineis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 sub
                 initium
                 veris
                 ,
                 imò
                 ipsâ
                 adhuc
                 hyeme
                 floret
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 paniceum
                 spicâ
                 simplici
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Panicum
                 sylvestre
                 spicâ
                 simplici
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   sylv
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 &
                 Dens
                 canis
                 primus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 paniceum
                 spicâ
                 divisâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Graminis
                 genus
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 Gallis
                 Dens
                 canis
                 2
                 ,
                 sive
                 Panicum
                 sylvestre
                 spicâ
                 divulsâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Panicum
                 vulgaro
                 Ger.
                 sylvestre
                 horbariorum
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 rivulos
                 &
                 in
                 locis
                 ubi
                 per
                 hyemem
                 aquae
                 stagnârant
                 in
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 paniceum
                 spicâ
                 aristis
                 longis
                 armatâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 paniceum
                 Ger.
                 paniceum
                 aristis
                 longis
                 armatum
                 Park
                 .
                 Est
                 hoc
                 (
                 ut
                 rectè
                 monèt
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 )
                 naturae
                 duntaxat
                 lusus
                 :
                 in
                 eadem
                 enim
                 planta
                 observavit
                 spicarum
                 utriculos
                 alios
                 desinentes
                 in
                 aristam
                 ,
                 alios
                 eâdem
                 destitutos
                 .
                 Advenire
                 autem
                 illud
                 dicit
                 ratione
                 soli
                 atque
                 aetatis
                 ,
                 quod
                 &
                 mihi
                 probatur
                 .
                 Unde
                 meritò
                 reprehendendus
                 videtur
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 qui
                 sine
                 necessitate
                 entia
                 multiplicat
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 parvum
                 echinatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 caninum
                 marinum
                 asperum
                 Park
                 .
                 caninum
                 maritimum
                 spicâ
                 echinatâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 copiosè
                 ;
                 Vidimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Arni
                 fluminis
                 alveo
                 Florentiae
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 nemorosum
                 hirsutum
                 minus
                 paniculis
                 albis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 nem
                 .
                 hirsutum
                 minimum
                 Park
                 .
                 praeter
                 rationem
                 minimum
                 appellat
                 ,
                 cùm
                 satìs
                 altè
                 assurgat
                 .
                 Gramini
                 Luzulae
                 assine
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 colle
                 
                   La
                   Bastie
                
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 supinum
                 aculeatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 aculeatum
                 Italicum
                 Park
                 .
                 echinatum
                 &
                 aculeatum
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 album
                 capitulis
                 aculeatis
                 Italicum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 Pisas
                 ,
                 necnon
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 arvense
                 paniculâ
                 crispâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 minimum
                 rubrum
                 sive
                 Xerampelinum
                 Ger.
                 Gramen
                 cum
                 paniculâ
                 molli
                 rubente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Genevae
                 inter
                 segetes
                 copiosè
                 ,
                 quin
                 &
                 in
                 muris
                 ipsius
                 urbis
                 .
                 Simillimum
                 est
                 hoc
                 gramen
                 montano
                 nostro
                 spicâ
                 gramineâ
                 foliaceâ
                 dicto
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 alopecuroides
                 spicâ
                 asperâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 alopecuroides
                 spicâ
                 asperâ
                 brevi
                 Park
                 .
                 Gr.
                 cum
                 cauda
                 leporis
                 aspera
                 ,
                 sive
                 spicâ
                 murinâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 collegimus
                 .
              
               
               
                 Gramen
                 arundina
                 ceum
                 ramosum
                 plumosum
                 album
                 C.
                 Bauhini
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 quod
                 asserit
                 circa
                 Perault
                 &
                 Magallonam
                 reperiri
                 ,
                 ubi
                 &
                 nos
                 illud
                 invenimus
                 ,
                 utì
                 etiam
                 propè
                 litus
                 Calabriae
                 .
              
               
                 Gramen
                 calamogrostis
                 Lobelii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 arundinaceum
                 I
                 ,
                 sive
                 spicâ
                 multiplici
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Calamogrostis
                 sive
                 gramen
                 tomentosum
                 Park
                 .
                 at
                 cur
                 tomentosum
                 denot●inat
                 ?
                 Gr.
                 harund
                 inaceum
                 paniculatum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 arenosis
                 maris
                 litoribus
                 circa
                 Magallonam
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 .
                 Figura
                 J.
                 B.
                 optimè
                 respondet
                 nostrae
                 plantae
                 :
                 non
                 autem
                 Parkinsoni
                 ,
                 utì
                 nec
                 titulus
                 ,
                 nec
                 descriptio
                 Lobelii
                 in
                 Adv.
                 Gramen
                 marinum
                 cype●oides
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 cyperoides
                 maritimum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Juncus
                 cyperoides
                 maritimus
                 Lob.
                 marit
                 .
                 Narbonensis
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 arenosis
                 litoribus
                 propè
                 Neapolin
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Habetur
                 etiam
                 ad
                 mare
                 Monspelii
                 .
              
               
                 Gratiola
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Lob
                   Ger.
                
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 centauroides
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 palustribus
                 propè
                 Constantiam
                 Germaniae
                 urbem
                 uberrimè
                 .
                 Provenit
                 etiam
                 in
                 aquosis
                 tum
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 tum
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 ut
                 v.
                 g.
                 propé
                 lucum
                 Gramontium
                 non
                 procul
                 Monspelio
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Efficax
                 remedium
                 est
                 in
                 humoribus
                 aquosis
                 ,
                 lentis
                 biliosisque
                 specificè
                 evacuandis
                 ,
                 quos
                 vel
                 ex
                 remotissimis
                 partibus
                 trahir
                 ,
                 atque
                 tum
                 per
                 secessum
                 ,
                 tum
                 per
                 vomitum
                 expurgat
                 .
                 Hinc
                 magnus
                 ejus
                 usus
                 esse
                 poterit
                 in
                 hydrope
                 ,
                 ictero
                 flavo
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Et
                 quia
                 amaritudine
                 insuper
                 dotata
                 est
                 insigni
                 ,
                 fugat
                 lumbricos
                 ,
                 eorúmque
                 saburram
                 expurgat
                 .
                 Hactenus
                 Schroderus
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Prodesse
                 dicitur
                 adversùs
                 diutinos
                 coxendicis
                 dolores
                 &
                 inveteratas
                 febres
                 sive
                 sicca
                 sive
                 recens
                 decocta
                 ;
                 verùm
                 quoniam
                 nimis
                 violenter
                 nec
                 sine
                 molestia
                 purgat
                 ,
                 corrigenda
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Grossularia
                 v.
                 Uva
                 crispa
                 .
              
               
                 Guaiacum
                 Patavinum
                 Park
                 .
                 Patav.
                 latifolium
                 Ger.
                 Guaiacana
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lotus
                 Africana
                 latifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 praeruptis
                 collibus
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Massa
                 quà
                 indè
                 Lucam
                 iter
                 est
                 ,
                 hanc
                 ipsam
                 plantam
                 vel
                 ei
                 simillimam
                 collegimus
                 proinde
                 fortasse
                 deceptus
                 non
                 fuit
                 Gesnerus
                 ,
                 qui
                 eam
                 in
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Veronam
                 nasci
                 scripsit
                 ,
                 quod
                 J.
                 Bauhini
                 pace
                 dixerim
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 H
              
               
                 HAlimus
                 Lob.
                 Hal.
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 latifolius
                 sive
                 frutescens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 latif
                 .
                 sive
                 Portulaca
                 marina
                 incana
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 propè
                 Messanam
                 hinc
                 indè
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Hedypnois
                 Monspessulana
                 ,
                 sive
                 Dens
                 leonis
                 Monspessulanus
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 Chondrilla
                 lutea
                 X
                 ,
                 sive
                 foliis
                 Cichorei
                 tomentosis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chondr
                 .
                 prior
                 Dioscoridis
                 ,
                 legitima
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Chondrilla
                 lutea
                 Ger.
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Ab
                 hac
                 planta
                 omnino
                 diversa
                 est
                 Dens
                 leonis
                 Asphodeli
                 bulbulis
                 dicta
                 ,
                 utcunque
                 J.
                 B.
                 eandem
                 faciat
                 .
              
               
                 Hedysarum
                 clypeatum
                 Ger.
                 clypeatum
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 Astragalus
                 Romanus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Hedysarum
                 clypeatum
                 siliquâ
                 asperâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Onobrychis
                 semine
                 clypeato
                 aspero
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Messanae
                 imminentibus
                 ,
                 ubi
                 etiam
                 flore
                 albo
                 observavimus
                 .
              
               
                 Hedysarum
                 clypeatum
                 minus
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 .
                 An
                 Onobrychis
                 semine
                 clypeato
                 aspero
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 insula
                 Promontorio
                 Siciliae
                 Pachyno
                 proximâ
                 .
              
               
                 Hedysarum
                 minus
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   v.
                
                 Securidaca
                 minor
                 .
                 majus
                 siliquis
                 articulatis
                 
                   Ger.
                   v.
                
                 Securidaca
                 .
              
               
                 Helianthemum
                 flore
                 albo
                 ,
                 folio
                 angusto
                 hirsuto
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaecistus
                 foliis
                 Thymi
                 incanis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Helianthemum
                 angustifolium
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 ?
                 Propè
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 collibus
                 
                   Castro
                   novo
                
                 adjacentibus
                 ,
                 atque
                 etiam
                 circa
                 Nemausum
                 .
                 Folia
                 hujus
                 oblonga
                 sunt
                 ,
                 incana
                 ,
                 &
                 figurâ
                 sua
                 ad
                 Rorismarini
                 .
                 folia
                 nonnihil
                 accedunt
                 ,
                 nisi
                 quòd
                 breviora
                 sint
                 .
              
               
                 Helianthemum
                 tenuifolium
                 glabrum
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaecistus
                 Ericae
                 folio
                 luteus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaec
                 .
                 Ericae
                 foliis
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 ,
                 inque
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
                 Ab
                 hoc
                 diversum
                 facit
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
              
               
                 Helianthemum
                 folio
                 Thymi
                 incano
                 ,
                 quod
                 putat
                 Lobelium
                 miscere
                 cum
                 Helianthemo
                 tenuifolio
                 glabro
                 .
                 Has
                 similes
                 esse
                 plantas
                 ,
                 differentes
                 tamen
                 diligentiùs
                 consideranti
                 asse●
                 it
                 .
                 Et
                 nos
                 idem
                 cum
                 Bauhino
                 aliquando
                 sensimus
                 ,
                 postea
                 tamen
                 in
                 eadem
                 planta
                 vidimus
                 inferiora
                 folia
                 tenuissima
                 ,
                 qualia
                 ferè
                 Camphoratae
                 Monspeliensium
                 :
                 superiora
                 autem
                 longè
                 diversa
                 ,
                 viridia
                 &
                 Helianthemi
                 proximè
                 scripti
                 sollis
                 omnino
                 eadem
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 
                 tamen
                 circa
                 Massiliam
                 cujus
                 omnia
                 folia
                 tenuissima
                 ,
                 camphoratae
                 similia
                 &
                 glabra
                 .
                 q.
                 ult
                 .
              
               
                 Helianthemum
                 Alpinum
                 folio
                 Pilosellae
                 minoris
                 Fuchsii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 latera
                 &
                 radices
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 copiosè
                 .
                 Hoc
                 an
                 ab
                 aliis
                 descriptum
                 sit
                 nècne
                 mihi
                 nondum
                 constat
                 .
                 Consule
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Heliochrysum
                 v.
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 .
              
               
                 Heliotropium
                 majus
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 majus
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 majus
                 Dioscoridis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 in
                 agris
                 ubique
                 feré
                 :
                 Vidimus
                 &
                 circa
                 Moguntiam
                 Germaniae
                 .
              
               
                 Helio●ropium
                 tricoccon
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 cum
                 priore
                 sed
                 rariús
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Hujus
                 capita
                 sive
                 siliquae
                 pannis
                 affrictae
                 ,
                 florido
                 viridi
                 colore
                 eos
                 in●iciunt
                 ,
                 qui
                 temporis
                 momento
                 in
                 caeruleum
                 eúmque
                 elegantem
                 mutatur
                 .
                 Hujusmodi
                 panni
                 aquam
                 cui
                 immerguntur
                 vini
                 rubri
                 colore
                 imbuunt
                 ;
                 eorúmque
                 usus
                 est
                 ad
                 gelatinas
                 aliásque
                 confectiones
                 purpureo
                 colore
                 tingendas
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Heliotropium
                 dicitur
                 non
                 quòd
                 ad
                 Solis
                 diurnum
                 motum
                 convertatur
                 ,
                 sed
                 quòd
                 aestivo
                 solstitio
                 floreat
                 ,
                 cùm
                 Sol
                 longissimè
                 ab
                 Aequinoctiali
                 circulo
                 digressus
                 ad
                 ipsum
                 rursus
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 sive
                 conversionem
                 faciat
                 .
                 Dod.
                 
              
               
                 Helleborine
                 ex
                 albo
                 sublutea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvula
                 monti
                 Salevae
                 vicina
                 .
                 Floret
                 omnium
                 hujus
                 generis
                 prima
                 .
              
               
                 Helleborine
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Damasonium
                 Alpinum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Helleborine
                 floribus
                 albis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 propè
                 summitatem
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 .
                 Floret
                 vere
                 simul
                 cum
                 priore
                 ,
                 aut
                 aliquanto
                 seriús
                 .
                 Elleborine
                 minor
                 flore
                 albo
                 Park
                 .
              
               
                 Helloborine
                 montana
                 angustifolia
                 purpurascens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Damasonium
                 purpureum
                 dilutum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Helleborine
                 6
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hel.
                 angustifolia
                 6
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 Elleborine
                 flore
                 purpurante
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 ,
                 versùs
                 Genevam
                 sci
                 copiosè
                 .
              
               
                 Inveni
                 insuper
                 Helleborinem
                 flore
                 atro-rubente
                 in
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 propè
                 oppidum
                 Jay
                 copiosè
                 .
                 
                   Calceolum
                   Mariae
                
                 dictum
                 in
                 sylvis
                 ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 .
                 Verùm
                 hae
                 duae
                 species
                 in
                 Anglia
                 habentur
                 .
              
               
                 Helleborus
                 albus
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 albus
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 albus
                 flore
                 subviridi
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montosis
                 pascuis
                 in
                 summitate
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 copiosissimé
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Hellebori
                 albi
                 radix
                 ob
                 violentiam
                 purgationis
                 quam
                 per
                 superiora
                 &
                 inferiora
                 movet
                 ,
                 usum
                 purgandi
                 internum
                 soli
                 ferè
                 Helleboro
                 nigro
                 reliquit
                 ,
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Potest
                 tamen
                 (
                 inquit
                 Tragus
                 )
                 per
                 24
                 horas
                 vino
                 aut
                 oxymelite
                 
                 macerata
                 posteáque
                 resiccata
                 ʒss
                 .
                 pondere
                 cum
                 vino
                 exhiberi
                 furiosis
                 &
                 melancholicis
                 .
                 Helleborum
                 utrumque
                 dicit
                 Gesnerus
                 [
                 si
                 cum
                 aceto
                 &
                 melle
                 temperetur
                 &
                 decoquatur
                 ut
                 syrupus
                 fiat
                 ]
                 medicamontum
                 innoxium
                 &
                 ad
                 plerosque
                 phlegmaticos
                 morbos
                 [
                 thoracis
                 &
                 capitis
                 inprimis
                 ,
                 ut
                 asthma
                 ,
                 dyspnoeam
                 ,
                 epilepsiam
                 ]
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 saepe
                 utilissimè
                 se
                 expertum
                 esse
                 ,
                 &c.
                 vide
                 apud
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Optima
                 ejus
                 praeparatio
                 ,
                 (
                 inquit
                 Parkinsonus
                 )
                 est
                 ut
                 succo
                 mali
                 Cydonii
                 insundatur
                 ,
                 aut
                 Cydonio
                 indita
                 in
                 furno
                 aut
                 sub
                 cineribus
                 coquatur
                 .
                 Quin
                 si
                 ab
                 Elleboro
                 sumpto
                 strangulationis
                 periculum
                 sit
                 ,
                 Cydonia
                 comesta
                 eorúmve
                 succus
                 aut
                 syrupus
                 remediosunt
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Rad.
                 in
                 aceto
                 decocta
                 ,
                 ac
                 in
                 ore
                 aliquandiu
                 retenta
                 dolorem
                 dentium
                 tollit
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 è
                 Trago
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 In
                 lixivio
                 decocta
                 ,
                 si
                 illo
                 postea
                 caput
                 abluas
                 ,
                 pediculos
                 &
                 furfures
                 enecat
                 &
                 abstergit
                 :
                 idem
                 unguento
                 aliquo
                 permista
                 efficiet
                 .
                 Idem
                 .
                 scabies
                 ,
                 impetigines
                 ,
                 serpigines
                 sanat
                 :
                 animalia
                 pleraque
                 interimit
                 ,
                 mures
                 ,
                 lacertas
                 ,
                 aves
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Pulvis
                 naribus
                 inditus
                 sternutamenta
                 movet
                 ,
                 unde
                 &
                 Anglicè
                 Neese-wort
                 dicitur
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 De
                 Hispanorum
                 toxico
                 ex
                 ea
                 facto
                 consule
                 Parkinsonum
                 &
                 Jo.
                 Langium
                 
                   Epist
                   .
                   med
                
                 .
                 lib.
                 1.
                 
                 Epist
                 .
                 68.
                 
                 Helleborus
                 autem
                 uterque
                 in
                 furiosis
                 &
                 insanis
                 sanandis
                 olim
                 celeberrimus
                 .
              
               
                 Helleborus
                 niger
                 Lob.
                 niger
                 verus
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 niger
                 flore
                 roseo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 niger
                 flore
                 albo
                 ,
                 interdum
                 etiam
                 valdè
                 rubente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 non
                 longè
                 á
                 Pontíeba
                 abundé
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Purgat
                 potenter
                 humores
                 melancholicos
                 ,
                 utile
                 per
                 consequens
                 medicamenum
                 est
                 omnibus
                 affectibus
                 indè
                 originem
                 trahentibus
                 ,
                 quales
                 mania
                 ,
                 insania
                 ,
                 hypochondriaca
                 passio
                 ,
                 elephantiasis
                 ,
                 herpes
                 ,
                 cancer
                 ,
                 quartana
                 ,
                 vetigo
                 ,
                 epilepsia
                 ,
                 apoplexia
                 ,
                 scabies
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                   v.
                   Schrod
                
                 .
                 qui
                 eam
                 [
                 radicem
                 ]
                 violenter
                 purgare
                 ait
                 ;
                 alii
                 ,
                 si
                 rectè
                 usurpetur
                 innoxium
                 esse
                 medicamentum
                 scribunt
                 ,
                 ut
                 tutò
                 pueris
                 ,
                 gravidis
                 &
                 debilibus
                 corporibus
                 dari
                 possit
                 .
                 Corrigitur
                 cardiacis
                 ac
                 stomachicis
                 ut
                 Cinnamomo
                 ,
                 Aniso
                 ,
                 Foeniculo
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Dosis
                 à
                 ℈
                 j.
                 ad
                 ℈
                 ij
                 .
                 Variis
                 modis
                 ad
                 usum
                 praeparatur
                 .
              
               
                 Helleborus
                 niger
                 Saniculae
                 folio
                 major
                 v.
                 Astrantia
                 nigra
                 .
              
               
                 Helleborus
                 niger
                 Saniculae
                 folio
                 minor
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 summis
                 montium
                 jugis
                 max
                 ,
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
               
                 Helleborum
                 nigrum
                 foetidum
                 sive
                 Enneaphyllon
                 in
                 Germania
                 ,
                 lateribus
                 montium
                 quos
                 eluctatur
                 Rhenus
                 inter
                 Coloniam
                 &
                 Moguntiam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 copiosissimum
                 observavimus
                 .
                 Helleborum
                 nigrum
                 hortensem
                 flore
                 viridi
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 in
                 monte
                 illo
                 praecelso
                 cui
                 inaedisicatur
                 
                   S.
                   Marini
                   urbs
                
                 ,
                 10
                 circiter
                 milliaribus
                 Arimino
                 distans
                 .
                 Hae
                 species
                 in
                 usum
                 medicum
                 rarissimè
                 veniunt
                 ,
                 iisdem
                 tamen
                 cum
                 Helleboro
                 nigro
                 vero
                 facultatibus
                 dotatae
                 videntur
                 .
              
               
                 Hemionitis
                 multifida
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 altera
                 Dalechampii
                 silici
                 floridae
                 similis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ilvensis
                 Dalechampii
                 ,
                 multifido
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 Propè
                 Salernum
                 primò
                 ,
                 deinde
                 in
                 viis
                 umbrosis
                 circa
                 Neapolin
                 ,
                 quà
                 ascenditur
                 ad
                 Camaldulensium
                 coenobium
                 copiosè
                 .
              
               
                 Hepaticum
                 trifolium
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Trif
                 .
                 hepaticum
                 flore
                 simplici
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 hepaticum
                 sive
                 Trioitatis
                 herba
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Taurinum
                 ,
                 Scaphusiam
                 ,
                 Genevam
                 copiosè
                 .
              
               
                 Herba
                 Doria
                 Lobelii
                 ,
                 Ger.
                 H.
                 D.
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Alisma
                 Matthioli
                 ,
                 sive
                 Doria
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 Doria
                 Narbonensium
                 quasi
                 Aurea
                 ,
                 quam
                 perperàm
                 Doriam
                 vocant
                 ,
                 foliis
                 Limonii
                 aut
                 Rumicis
                 Adv.
                 Virga
                 aurea
                 major
                 vel
                 Doria
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 Ladum
                 amnem
                 Monspeliacum
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Herba
                 venti
                 Monspeliensibus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Marrubium
                 nigrum
                 longifolium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 aggeribus
                 &
                 ad
                 vias
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Herniaria
                 hirsuta
                 
                   J.
                   B
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 primò
                 circa
                 Sylvam
                 Ducis
                 in
                 Brabantia
                 ,
                 deinde
                 pe●
                 Germaniam
                 ,
                 Italiam
                 &
                 Galliam
                 Narbonensem
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Hesperis
                 sylvestris
                 latifolia
                 flore
                 albo
                 parvo
                 Park
                 .
                 Hesperidi
                 Alpinae
                 murariaeve
                 similis
                 surrecta
                 &
                 magna
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Salevâ
                 copiosè
                 ,
                 collegimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 montibus
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Luca
                 versùs
                 Massam
                 .
              
               
                 Hesperis
                 v.
                 Viola
                 matronalis
                 .
              
               
                 Hesperis
                 Alpina
                 v.
                 Draba
                 .
              
               
                 Hieracium
                 Alpinum
                 glabrum
                 ,
                 flore
                 singulari
                 magno
                 ,
                 cauli
                 cubitali
                 insidente
                 .
                 In
                 summo
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 doiso
                 
                   La
                   Dole
                
                 dicto
                 .
                 Hoc
                 an
                 à
                 quoquam
                 descriptum
                 sit
                 inquirendum
                 .
              
               
                 Hieracium
                 asperum
                 v.
                 Hypochaeris
                 .
              
               
                 Hieracium
                 montanum
                 latifolium
                 Genevense
                 ,
                 folio
                 Conyzae
                 majoris
                 Monspessulanae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 propè
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 Hieracium
                 falcatâ
                 siliquá
                 
                   Lob.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 falcatum
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 falcatum
                 sive
                 stellátum
                 Park
                 .
                 stellatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 fortè
                 Hieracium
                 stellatum
                 Boelii
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 in
                 App.
                 ?
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 
                   Castro
                   novo
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 Hieracium
                 capitulum
                 inclinans
                 semine
                 adunco
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 florem
                 inclinans
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hieracium
                 folio
                 Hedypnoldis
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Hieracium
                 calyce
                 barbato
                 Col.
                 falcatum
                 barbarum
                 Park
                 .
                 proliferum
                 falcatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Messanae
                 &
                 Monspel●●
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Hieracium
                 parvum
                 hirtum
                 caule
                 aphyllo
                 ,
                 crispum
                 ubi
                 siecautm
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agro
                 Monspessulano
                 non
                 longe
                 à
                 Sella
                 nova
                 in
                 arvis
                 .
              
               
                 Holosteum
                 Massillense
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Coronopus
                 .
              
               
                 Holosteum
                 Plantaglni
                 simile
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Salmaticense
                 primum
                 Clus
                 .
                 hirsutum
                 albicans
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Salamanticum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Propè
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Horminum
                 sylvestre
                 latifolium
                 Ger.
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolium
                 verticillatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Germanicum
                 humile
                 Park
                 .
                 Gallitricho
                 aftinis
                 planta
                 ,
                 Horminum
                 sylvestre
                 latifolium
                 Clusio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 &
                 vervactis
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 Augustà
                 Vindelicorum
                 ,
                 eundo
                 indè
                 ad
                 Monachium
                 Bavariae
                 metropolin
                 .
              
               
                 Horminum
                 lutem
                 glutinosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Colus
                 Jovis
                 
                   Ger.
                   Lob.
                
                 Horminum
                 luteum
                 sive
                 Colus
                 Jovis
                 Park
                 .
                 Galeopsis
                 species
                 luntea
                 ,
                 viscida
                 ,
                 odorata
                 ,
                 nemorensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 colle
                 
                   La
                   Bastie
                
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 etiam
                 ●aepius
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Germania
                 ,
                 locis
                 lutosis
                 ubifontes
                 scaturiunt
                 ad
                 latera
                 montium
                 .
              
               
                 Horminum
                 pratense
                 foliis
                 serratis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Gallitrichum
                 slyvestre
                 vulgò
                 ,
                 sive
                 sylv
                 .
                 Sclaraea
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 put
                 pureòve
                 magno
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hae
                 planta
                 à
                 vulgari
                 nostrate
                 
                   Oculo
                   Christi
                
                 floris
                 magnitudine
                 potissimùm
                 dissert
                 :
                 unde
                 &
                 nostrum
                 vulgare
                 Horminum
                 ,
                 sylvestre
                 Lavendulae
                 flore
                 Clusio
                 dictum
                 est
                 .
                 Ait
                 enim
                 se
                 observâsse
                 Greenvici
                 ad
                 arcis
                 regiae
                 .
                 Hippodromum
                 hanc
                 speciem
                 .
                 Nos
                 autem
                 penè
                 certi
                 sumnus
                 non
                 aliam
                 ibi
                 unquam
                 enatam
                 hujus
                 generis
                 plantam
                 .
              
               
                 Hyacinthus
                 caeruleus
                 Ger.
                 racemosus
                 caeruleus
                 minor
                 junclfolius
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 vernus
                 botryodies
                 minor
                 caeruleus
                 ,
                 anguistioribus
                 foliis
                 ,
                 odoratus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agro
                 Pedemontano
                 ad
                 vias
                 .
              
               
                 Hyacinthus
                 comosus
                 Ger.
                 comosus
                 major
                 purpureus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 maximus
                 botryoides
                 comâ
                 caeruleâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 Genevam
                 copiose
                 .
              
               
                 Hyacinthus
                 palustris
                 vernus
                 flosculis
                 fimbriatis
                 albldis
                 .
                 Ad
                 fossarum
                 margines
                 &
                 in
                 humidioribus
                 inter
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 Pisas
                 .
                 Hanc
                 speciem
                 nondum
                 descriptam
                 puto
                 .
              
               
                 Hypecoum
                 v.
                 Cuminum
                 sylvestre
                 alterum
                 .
              
               
                 Hypericum
                 foliis
                 parvis
                 crispis
                 seu
                 sinuatis
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 prope
                 
                   Punto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Castello
                 Puzallu
                 .
                 Nondum
                 ,
                 quod
                 sciam
                 ,
                 descripta
                 est
                 haec
                 species
                 .
              
               
               
                 Hypericum
                 Nummulariae
                 folio
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ex
                 ipsis
                 rupium
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 caenobio
                 imminentium
                 fissuris
                 emergit
                 .
                 Flos
                 ei
                 odoratissimus
                 .
              
               
                 Hypecicum
                 tomentosum
                 
                   Lob.
                   J.
                   E.
                
                 tomentosum
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 supinum
                 toemntosum
                 minus
                 Park
                 .
                 sup
                 .
                 tom
                 .
                 minus
                 ,
                 vel
                 Monspellacum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 Melitensi
                 primùm
                 ,
                 deinde
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 fossis
                 &
                 humidioribus
                 .
              
               
                 Hyolcyamus
                 amus
                 albus
                 major
                 &
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 albus
                 Park
                 .
                 albus
                 ,
                 &
                 albus
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 Bgo
                 enim
                 cum
                 Parkinsono
                 unam
                 duntaxat
                 ineciem
                 agnosco
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 ad
                 mare
                 inferum
                 ,
                 ínque
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 &
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Floris
                 color
                 in
                 hoc
                 nostro
                 pollide
                 luteus
                 est
                 ,
                 &
                 fundum
                 habet
                 purpurem
                 ,
                 in
                 quibus
                 cum
                 Cretico
                 dicto
                 convenit
                 .
              
               
                 Hypochoeris
                 porcellia
                 Ger.
                 Hieracium
                 asperum
                 ,
                 Hypochoeris
                 sive
                 Porcellia
                 dictum
                 Park
                 .
                 Hieracium
                 dentis
                 leonis
                 ,
                 folio
                 obtuso
                 V
                 sive
                 minus
                 Dentis
                 iconis
                 folio
                 subaspero
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Hieracii
                 parva
                 species
                 ,
                 Hyoseris
                 angustisolia
                 aspera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 quibusdam
                 Bavariae
                 sylvis
                 .
              
               
                 Hyssopodies
                 major
                 flore
                 grandiore
                 .
                 In
                 palustri
                 planitie
                 propè
                 Syracusas
                 ,
                 itémque
                 non
                 laongè
                 à
                 Meffana
                 Siciliae
                 .
                 Hujus
                 flos
                 quadruplo
                 major
                 est
                 vulgaris
                 flore
                 .
                 Quin
                 &
                 utramque
                 speciem
                 unà
                 crescentem
                 observavimus
                 propè
                 Messanam
                 ,
                 uti
                 eas
                 specie
                 differre
                 ampliìs
                 non
                 dubitemus
                 .
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 duas
                 habet
                 .
                 Hyssopifoliae
                 species
                 :
                 verùm
                 quam
                 ille
                 minorem
                 inscribit
                 est
                 vulgaris
                 nostras
                 :
                 quam
                 Hyssopifoliam
                 aquaticam
                 simpliciter
                 vocat
                 planta
                 est
                 de
                 qua
                 agimus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 I
              
               
                 JAcea
                 non
                 spinosa
                 laciniata
                 lutea
                 ,
                 An
                 Jacea
                 laciniata
                 lutea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Jacea
                 montana
                 minima
                 lutea
                 
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 In
                 alveis
                 torrentum
                 &
                 fluviorum
                 quorundam
                 ,
                 qui
                 brumali
                 tempore
                 planities
                 latè
                 inundant
                 in
                 Foro
                 Julii
                 .
                 Mihi
                 nondum
                 planè
                 constat
                 plantam
                 hanc
                 descriptam
                 esse
                 ,
                 nam
                 diversa
                 videtur
                 à
                 Jacea
                 lutea
                 montana
                 minima
                 tenuifolia
                 Col.
                 
              
               
                 Jacea
                 Oleae
                 folio
                 v.
                 Xeranthemum
                 .
              
               
                 Jacea
                 purpurea
                 maritima
                 capitulo
                 spinoso
                 Neapolitana
                 .
                 An
                 Jacea
                 cyanoides
                 ochinato
                 capite
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 i.
                 e.
                 Jacea
                 montana
                 purpurea
                 echinato
                 capite
                 
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 an
                 Jacea
                 laciniata
                 Sonchi
                 folio
                 
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 In
                 maris
                 litore
                 arenoso
                 prope
                 Neapolin
                 Italiae
                 copiosissimè
                 .
              
               
               
                 Jacea
                 lutea
                 capite
                 spinoso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 lut
                 .
                 cap
                 spinosis
                 Park
                 .
                 major
                 lutea
                 Ger.
                 Centaurium
                 collinum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Jacea
                 spinosa
                 slore
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Jacea
                 cum
                 spinosis
                 capitulis
                 purpurea
                 tenuifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Stoebe
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 squamis
                 asperis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
                 Habetur
                 &
                 in
                 Etruria
                 .
              
               
                 Jacea
                 incana
                 tenuiter
                 laciniata
                 ,
                 capitulis
                 Jaceae
                 nigrae
                 vulgaris
                 .
                 An
                 Jacea
                 incana
                 laciniata
                 ,
                 capitulls
                 Cirsii
                 flore
                 uno
                 aut
                 altero
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Jacea
                 montana
                 candidissima
                 Stoebes
                 foliis
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 qui
                 titulus
                 huic
                 nostrae
                 optimè
                 convenit
                 .
                 In
                 rupibus
                 seu
                 clivis
                 maritimis
                 Calabriae
                 .
              
               
                 Jecea
                 montana
                 capite
                 magno
                 Storbili
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 incana
                 Pini
                 capite
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 pumila
                 Narbonesis
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Jacobaea
                 marina
                 Ger.
                 marina
                 ,
                 sive
                 Cineraria
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 marina
                 ,
                 sive
                 Cineraria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 maritima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 litora
                 
                   maris
                   inferi
                
                 ubique
                 .
              
               
                 Jacobaea
                 Senecionis
                 facie
                 .
                 Calix
                 floris
                 Senecionis
                 calicem
                 exactè
                 refert
                 ,
                 verum
                 circulum
                 seu
                 coronam
                 aut
                 limbum
                 foliolorum
                 in
                 margine
                 ad
                 modum
                 chrysanthemi
                 obtinet
                 .
                 Plantula
                 tenora
                 est
                 ,
                 radice
                 fibrosa
                 ,
                 foliis
                 Bellidis
                 maj
                 .
                 Prope
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Jasminum
                 luteum
                 v.
                 Polemonium
                 .
              
               
                 Iberis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cardamantica
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Nasturtii
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                   .
                   Sciatica
                   Cresses
                   .
                
                 In
                 incultis
                 ,
                 ruderatis
                 &
                 secus
                 vias
                 ubique
                 ferè
                 tum
                 in
                 Germania
                 ,
                 tum
                 etiam
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Tusa
                 cum
                 modica
                 axungia
                 &
                 coxedici
                 imposita
                 4
                 horarum
                 spátio
                 ,
                 &
                 deinde
                 ablata
                 dolores
                 ischiadicos
                 &
                 podagricos
                 lenit
                 ,
                 &c.
                 vide
                 Plinium
                 alióque
                 Veteres
                 .
              
               
                 Ilex
                 arboiea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 aculeata
                 &
                 non
                 aculeata
                 Park
                 .
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 folio
                 rotundiore
                 molli
                 modicéque
                 smuato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   ●jusdem
                
                 .
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 serrato
                 ;
                 Ego
                 enim
                 has
                 non
                 distinguo
                 .
                 In
                 arbusculis
                 junioribus
                 folia
                 sinuata
                 sunt
                 ,
                 aculeata
                 &
                 Aquisolii
                 aemula
                 :
                 in
                 vetustioribus
                 oblonga
                 ,
                 neque
                 aculeata
                 ,
                 nequesinuata
                 ,
                 &
                 Oleagins
                 similia
                 .
              
               
                 Ilex
                 major
                 glandifera
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 in
                 sylvis
                 &
                 sepibus
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Ilex
                 coccigera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 aquifolia
                 ,
                 sive
                 coccigera
                 Park
                 .
                 aculeata
                 cocciglandifera
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 Nemausum
                 ,
                 Avenionem
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Huic
                 arbusculae
                 seu
                 frutici
                 innascitut
                 granum
                 illud
                 tictotium
                 seu
                 coccus
                 baphica
                 tantopere
                 celebrata
                 ,
                 &
                 ticto●ibus
                 expetita
                 ,
                 ex
                 quo
                 paratur
                 confectio
                 illa
                 cardiaca
                 Alkermes
                 Officinis
                 dicta
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Arbuscula
                 haec
                 nou
                 ubique
                 coccum
                 gerit
                 .
                 Nam
                 iis
                 solùm
                 regionibus
                 quae
                 Mediterraneo
                 mari
                 vicinae
                 sunt
                 ,
                 &
                 magno
                 Solis
                 ardore
                 torrentur
                 ,
                 nasci
                 animad
                 vertebam
                 .
                 Sed
                 neque
                 isthic
                 perpetùo
                 fert
                 ;
                 cùm
                 enim
                 frutex
                 adeò
                 adolevit
                 ut
                 glandem
                 alere
                 incipiat
                 ,
                 coccum
                 non
                 gignit
                 :
                 ideòque
                 solent
                 incolae
                 quadriennes
                 aut
                 adultiores
                 frutices
                 urere
                 ,
                 ut
                 proximo
                 anno
                 novelli
                 resurgant
                 ,
                 qui
                 deinde
                 singulis
                 annis
                 aliquot
                 subsequentibus
                 coccum
                 ramulis
                 inhaerentem
                 instar
                 exiguorum
                 pisorum
                 coloris
                 cinerei
                 gignunt
                 .
                 Clus
                 .
              
               
                 Imperatoria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Imper.
                 sive
                 Astrantia
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 montibus
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 imminentibus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Saporis
                 est
                 acerrimi
                 ,
                 Alexipharmaca
                 ac
                 sudorifera
                 :
                 discutit
                 mirificè
                 ventriculi
                 ,
                 intestinorum
                 ,
                 &
                 unteri
                 flatus
                 ,
                 unde
                 in
                 colico
                 cruciatu
                 utilis
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 venenatis
                 morbis
                 ac
                 ictibus
                 ;
                 in
                 pulmonum
                 tartaro
                 resolvendo
                 &
                 expectorando
                 ,
                 in
                 foetore
                 anehliûs
                 correigendo
                 ,
                 in
                 capitis
                 affectibus
                 phlegmaticis
                 ,
                 Paralysi
                 ,
                 Apoplexiâ
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Aiunt
                 nonnulli
                 quartanâ
                 eos
                 sanari
                 qui
                 pulveris
                 cochlearis
                 dimidium
                 horâ
                 unâ
                 ante
                 accessionem
                 ex
                 mero
                 biberint
                 .
                 Commendatur
                 &
                 ad
                 hydropem
                 .
                 Ex
                 trinsecùs
                 in
                 Odontalgia
                 (
                 gargaris
                 .
                 )
                 in
                 catarrhis
                 exiccandis
                 (
                 susfitu
                 )
                 in
                 tumoribus
                 ac
                 Arthritide
                 frigida
                 .
                 In
                 scabie
                 capitis
                 exiccanda
                 (
                 lotione
                 )
                 in
                 serpigine
                 inveterata
                 sananda
                 (
                 cum
                 adipe
                 suillo
                 illita
                 )
                 in
                 globulis
                 sagittisve
                 corpori
                 extrahendis
                 (
                 imposita
                 )
                 
                   Schord
                   .
                   &
                   Matth.
                
                 Unde
                 non
                 immeritò
                 inquit
                 J.
                 B.
                 Imperatoriae
                 nomen
                 sibi
                 ascivit
                 .
                 cùm
                 tot
                 tantísque
                 viribus
                 praestet
                 .
                 Caeterùm
                 ut
                 facie
                 externa
                 &
                 odore
                 Angelicam
                 resert
                 ,
                 ita
                 iisdem
                 cum
                 illa
                 facultatibus
                 dotata
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Iris
                 humilis
                 laiifolia
                 flore
                 violaceo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chamriris
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 variegata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 in
                 rupibus
                 quibusdam
                 maritimis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Liburno
                 portu
                 eam
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 atque
                 etiam
                 albo
                 :
                 deiude
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 
                   aux
                   Garigues
                
                 ,
                 ubi
                 &
                 Lobelius
                 .
              
               
                 Iris
                 Germanica
                 Fuch
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 Germanica
                 sive
                 sylvestris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 vulgaris
                 violacca
                 sive
                 purpurea
                 hortensis
                 &
                 sylvestris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgaris
                 Ger.
                 In
                 muris
                 ,
                 tectis
                 ,
                 locis
                 redera
                 tis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Iris
                 Florentina
                 Ger.
                 latifolia
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 Florentina
                 alba
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 muris
                 urbis
                 Florentiae
                 magna
                 ejus
                 habetut
                 copia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Plurimae
                 hujus
                 plantae
                 radici
                 virtutes
                 à
                 Veteribus
                 &
                 Neotericis
                 assignantur
                 .
                 Sic.
                 breviter
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 mucilagine
                 seu
                 tartaro
                 pulmonum
                 ,
                 tussi
                 ,
                 asthmate
                 ,
                 
                 obstructione
                 mensium
                 mensium
                 ,
                 torminibus
                 ventris
                 infantum
                 .
                 Extrinsecus
                 abstergit
                 cutis
                 maculas
                 &
                 lentigines
                 (
                 cum
                 Elleboro
                 &
                 melle
                 mixta
                 .
                 )
                 Creberrimus
                 usus
                 modernis
                 est
                 in
                 pulveribus
                 qui
                 capillis
                 insperguntur
                 :
                 vulgus
                 vocat
                 pulveres
                 de
                 Cypro
                 .
                 Aiunt
                 &
                 hydropi
                 eam
                 conferre
                 &
                 ictero
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Iridis
                 radix
                 in
                 vino
                 aut
                 cerevisia
                 suspensa
                 ,
                 li●nc
                 dulcem
                 conservat
                 ,
                 illud
                 jucundo
                 tum
                 odore
                 tum
                 sapore
                 commendat
                 ,
                 illius
                 planè
                 aemulo
                 quem
                 mora
                 Rubi
                 Idaei
                 communicant
                 ,
                 ut
                 nos
                 in
                 vino
                 rubro
                 saepiùs
                 experti
                 sumus
                 .
                 Sed
                 &
                 pistoribus
                 ad
                 parandum
                 fermentum
                 triticei
                 panis
                 magnopere
                 usitata
                 est
                 .
                 Haec
                 partim
                 e
                 Tiago
                 ,
                 partim
                 nostrae
                 sunt
                 observationis
                 .
              
               
                 Ischaemon
                 v.
                 Gramen
                 dactylon
                 .
              
               
                 Iva
                 moschata
                 Monspeliensium
                 v.
                 Chamaepitys
                 moschata
                 .
              
               
                 Jujube
                 Arabum
                 v.
                 Zizyphus
                 .
              
               
                 Juncus
                 acutus
                 maritimus
                 capitulis
                 rotundis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 acutus
                 maritimus
                 alter
                 
                   Lob.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 valdè
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Juncus
                 cyperoides
                 maritimus
                 Lobelii
                 v.
                 Gramen
                 cyperoides
                 .
              
               
                 Juncaria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Junc
                 .
                 Salmanticensis
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Rubia
                 VIII
                 ,
                 sive
                 linifolia
                 aspera
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Ratispona
                 .
              
               
                 Juniperus
                 major
                 bacca
                 rufescente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Oxy
                 cedrus
                 Park
                 .
                 Oxycedrus
                 Phoenicea
                 Ger.
                 Cerdus
                 Phoenicea
                 Bellonio
                 ,
                 sive
                 Oxycedrus
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Juniperus
                 major
                 baccâ
                 rubrâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 K
              
               
                 KAli
                 semper
                 virens
                 grandius
                 perpetuum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Prod.
                
                 geniculatum
                 majus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Salicoria
                 sive
                 kali
                 geniculatum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 palustribus
                 ad
                 Mare
                 Mediterraneum
                 valde
                 frequens
                 .
                 Multò
                 lignosius
                 est
                 nostrate
                 h.
                 e.
                 minore
                 ;
                 per
                 multos
                 annos
                 durat
                 &
                 in
                 satis
                 magnum
                 fruticem
                 adolescit
                 ,
                 ínque
                 hortis
                 culturam
                 paritur
                 ,
                 experimento
                 J.
                 Bauhini
                 .
              
               
                 Kali
                 majus
                 semine
                 cohieato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 majus
                 cocheatum
                 Park
                 .
                 vulgare
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 mare
                 Mediterraneum
                 sponte
                 provenit
                 plurimis
                 in
                 locis
                 .
                 Seritur
                 Monspelii
                 in
                 lacubus
                 salsis
                 ad
                 Sal
                 Alcali
                 conficiendum
                 ,
                 ●●jus
                 modum
                 v.
                 apud
                 J.
                 Bauhinum
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 L
              
               
                 LAburnum
                 v.
                 Anagyris
                 .
              
               
                 Lactuca
                 sylvatica
                 purpurea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montana
                 purpurocaerulea
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sylvestris
                 purpureo
                 flore
                 Park
                 .
                 Sonchus
                 sylvaticus
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 Jurae
                 ,
                 Salevae
                 &c.
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Lagopus
                 altera
                 angustifolia
                 Lob.
                 major
                 angustifolius
                 Park
                 .
                 Trifolium
                 angustifolium
                 spicatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 montanum
                 angustissimum
                 spicatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 supra
                 Messanam
                 ;
                 atque
                 etiam
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 utrobique
                 copiosè
                 Flores
                 dilutè
                 rubent
                 .
                 Ab
                 hac
                 non
                 diversam
                 specie
                 puto
                 Lagopum
                 angustifoliam
                 Hispanicam
                 Clus
                 .
              
               
                 Lagopus
                 maximus
                 Ger.
                 max.
                 flore
                 rubro
                 Park
                 .
                 Trifolium
                 spicâ
                 subrotundâ
                 rubrâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Trif
                 .
                 albo
                 incarnatum
                 ,
                 spicatum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Lagopus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Quod
                 circa
                 Neapolin
                 provenit
                 flores
                 habet
                 pulchre
                 rubentes
                 aut
                 coccineos
                 ;
                 quod
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 albo-incarnatos
                 aut
                 pallidos
                 .
              
               
                 Lagopus
                 major
                 folio
                 pinnato
                 Park
                 .
                 major
                 spicâ
                 longiore
                 Ger.
                 Trifolium
                 purpureum
                 majus
                 ,
                 folio
                 &
                 spicâ
                 longiore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montanum
                 spicâ
                 longissimâ
                 rubente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Lamium
                 peregrinum
                 sive
                 Scutellaria
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 peregrinum
                 ,
                 Scutellaria
                 dictum
                 Park
                 .
                 Cassida
                 Col.
                 In
                 Italia
                 circa
                 Florentiam
                 ,
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
                 Maguam
                 habet
                 similitudinem
                 seu
                 convenientiam
                 florum
                 respectu
                 cum
                 Lysimachia
                 galericulata
                 ;
                 unde
                 eam
                 primo
                 aspectu
                 Lysimachiam
                 galericulatam
                 Uriticae
                 folio
                 denominavimus
                 .
              
               
                 Lamium
                 v.
                 Galeopsis
                 .
              
               
                 Lanaria
                 sive
                 Struthium
                 Dioscoridis
                 Imperato
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Saponaria
                 Lychnidis
                 folio
                 ,
                 flosculis
                 albis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 preaeruptis
                 montium
                 Messanae
                 proximorum
                 aut
                 ipsum
                 Imperati
                 Struthium
                 ,
                 aut
                 plantam
                 ei
                 simillimam
                 collegimas
                 ,
                 needum
                 ineunte
                 Junio
                 floruerat
                 .
              
               
                 Larix
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 folio
                 decidao
                 conifera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   The
                   Larch-tree
                
                 .
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 &
                 Carinthiacis
                 eundo
                 à
                 Vienna
                 ad
                 Venetias
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Hujus
                 Resina
                 est
                 quam
                 Terebinthiuam
                 Venetam
                 Officinae
                 vocant
                 .
                 
                   Matth.
                   Park
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Quae
                 de
                 Resinae
                 viribus
                 traduntur
                 ,
                 vide
                 sub
                 Pinu
                 .
                 Laricis
                 materies
                 firmissima
                 est
                 atque
                 solidissima
                 ,
                 adeóque
                 Solis
                 ardoribus
                 aerísque
                 injuriis
                 resistit
                 nec
                 rimas
                 facit
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Haec
                 sola
                 arbor
                 ex
                 Resiniferis
                 folio
                 est
                 deciduo
                 ;
                 Folia
                 a.
                 monente
                 J.
                 Bauhino
                 ,
                 non
                 decidunt
                 Autumno
                 ,
                 nec
                 antequam
                 alia
                 initio
                 Veris
                 succedunt
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hujus
                 trunco
                 seu
                 caudiei
                 innascitur
                 Fungus
                 ille
                 pituitae
                 purgatrix
                 Agaricum
                 dictus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Quae
                 Plinius
                 aliíque
                 Veterum
                 tradunt
                 ,
                 non
                 ardere
                 eam
                 ,
                 nec
                 carbones
                 facere
                 ,
                 nec
                 alio
                 modo
                 vi
                 ignis
                 consumi
                 quàm
                 lapides
                 ;
                 omnino
                 falsa
                 este
                 vel
                 indè
                 constat
                 ,
                 quòd
                 apud
                 Vallesianos
                 quibusdam
                 in
                 locis
                 non
                 alia
                 ligna
                 in
                 usum
                 foci
                 adhibeantur
                 ,
                 ac
                 alicubi
                 etiam
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 ad
                 ferrarias
                 fodinas
                 carbones
                 ex
                 eâ
                 fiant
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Matth.
                
                 
              
               
                 Lathyrus
                 major
                 Narbonensis
                 angustifolius
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 angustiofolius
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 
                   Sella
                   nova
                
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Lathyrus
                 sativus
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 angustifolius
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Ger.
                 anguloso
                 semine
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 copiosé
                 :
                 seritur
                 &
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Lathyrus
                 sativus
                 flore
                 fructúque
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circercula
                 sive
                 Lythyrus
                 sativus
                 flore
                 albo
                 Park
                 .
                 Et
                 hic
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 in
                 Germania
                 seritur
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Lathyrus
                 siliquâ
                 hirsutâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 angustifolius
                 siliquâ
                 hirsutâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
                 Hic
                 etiam
                 in
                 Anglia
                 sponte
                 oritur
                 .
              
               
                 Lathyrus
                 sylvestris
                 flore
                 vario
                 ex
                 albo
                 &
                 coccineo
                 .
                 Et
                 hunc
                 ctiam
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 inter
                 segetés
                 copiose
                 enatum
                 vidimus
                 ,
                 necnon
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 .
              
               
                 Lavendula
                 major
                 ,
                 sive
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Lav.
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 Ger.
                 Lavandula
                 latifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pseudonardus
                 ,
                 quae
                 vulgò
                 spica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 passim
                 &
                 copiosissime
                 .
                 Provenit
                 ibidem
                 &
                 Pseudonardus
                 quae
                 Lavendula
                 vulgò
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 N.
                 Saporis
                 est
                 subacris
                 &
                 subamari
                 ,
                 paritum
                 tenuium
                 ,
                 cephalica
                 ac
                 nervina
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 ,
                 in
                 catarrhis
                 ,
                 paralysi
                 ,
                 spasmo
                 ,
                 vertigine
                 ;
                 lethargo
                 ,
                 &
                 tremore
                 artuum
                 .
                 In
                 urina
                 ,
                 mensibus
                 ac
                 foetu
                 pellendo
                 (
                 unde
                 &
                 parturientibus
                 exhiberi
                 solet
                 )
                 in
                 torminibus
                 ventris
                 flatulentis
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 in
                 lixivils
                 capitis
                 ac
                 artuum
                 ,
                 in
                 masticatoliis
                 pro
                 catarho
                 exiccando
                 ac
                 revellendo
                 ad
                 palatum
                 ,
                 ne
                 in
                 pulmones
                 defluat
                 .
                 Odore
                 suo
                 fugat
                 pediculos
                 .
                 Schord
                 .
                 In
                 usu
                 sunt
                 praecipuè
                 flores
                 .
                 Hi
                 quoque
                 cum
                 linteaminibus
                 &
                 vestimentis
                 in
                 arculas
                 recondi
                 solent
                 ad
                 odoris
                 suavitatem
                 communicandam
                 .
              
               
                 Laureola
                 solio
                 deciduo
                 v.
                 Mezereon
                 .
              
               
                 Laurus
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 sive
                 latifolia
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 sylvis
                 &
                 sepibus
                 Italiae
                 satìs
                 familiaris
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Baccae
                 pausò
                 calidiores
                 sunt
                 ,
                 emolliunt
                 ,
                 resolvunt
                 .
                 
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 mensibus
                 &
                 urinis
                 ciendis
                 ;
                 in
                 affectibus
                 nervorum
                 ,
                 paralysi
                 ;
                 in
                 colica
                 ,
                 in
                 dolore
                 post
                 partum
                 ,
                 in
                 crudltatibus
                 ventriculi
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 conferunt
                 folia
                 ad
                 ictus
                 vesparum
                 ,
                 molliunt
                 tumores
                 ,
                 promovent
                 menses
                 (
                 in
                 sussitu
                 &
                 balneo
                 )
                 leniunt
                 dolores
                 ,
                 odontalgiámque
                 mitigant
                 (
                 in
                 gargarism
                 .
                 )
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 Laurus
                 Tinus
                 caeruleâ
                 baccâ
                 Lob.
                 sylv
                 .
                 Corni
                 foeminae
                 foliis
                 ,
                 subhirsutus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Laurus
                 Tinus
                 Ger.
                 Tinus
                 altera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Laurus
                 sylv
                 .
                 folio
                 monore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 Italia
                 circa
                 Roman
                 ,
                 Tybur
                 &
                 alibi
                 frequens
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 quoque
                 in
                 sylvâ
                 Valenâ
                 prope
                 montem
                 Lupi
                 nou
                 longè
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 .
              
               
                 Ledum
                 Alpinum
                 hirsutum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ledum
                 Alpinum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Rosa
                 Alpina
                 Park
                 .
                 Nerium
                 Alpinum
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 aliis
                 Ledum
                 hirsutum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 prope
                 Ponitebam
                 .
              
               
                 Ledum
                 Alpinum
                 foliis
                 ferrea
                 rubigine
                 nigricantibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Nerium
                 Alpinum
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 aliis
                 Ledum
                 glabrum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaerhododdendros
                 Alpigena
                 Ger.
                 Ledum
                 Alpinum
                 sive
                 Rosa
                 Alpina
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Ledum
                 Alpinum
                 hirsutum
                 minus
                 ,
                 An
                 Cistus
                 pumilus
                 montis
                 Baldi
                 fortè
                 .
                 Austricacus
                 myritisolius
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Unà
                 cum
                 Ledo
                 Alpino
                 hirsuto
                 ;
                 cui
                 quoad
                 folia
                 satis
                 similis
                 est
                 ,
                 multis
                 tamen
                 numeris
                 minor
                 ,
                 &
                 flore
                 (
                 quantum
                 memini
                 )
                 luteo
                 .
              
               
                 Leatiscus
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 Italiae
                 ,
                 Siciliae
                 &
                 Narbonensis
                 Galliae
                 ;
                 ubi
                 nunquam
                 .
                 (
                 quod
                 equidem
                 viderim
                 aut
                 audiverim
                 )
                 justam
                 arboris
                 stauram
                 &
                 magnitudinem
                 assequitur
                 ,
                 sed
                 frutex
                 perdurat
                 ;
                 quamvis
                 alibi
                 ,
                 teste
                 Bellonio
                 &
                 aliis
                 ,
                 in
                 arborem
                 satis
                 proceram
                 adolescat
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Partibus
                 suis
                 omnibus
                 (
                 fructu
                 ,
                 foliis
                 ,
                 cortice
                 )
                 adstrictoria
                 est
                 ,
                 unde
                 utilis
                 est
                 ad
                 fluxiones
                 cujucunque
                 generis
                 ,
                 haemorrhagiam
                 ,
                 sanguinis
                 exputitionem
                 ,
                 alvi
                 profluvium
                 &
                 dysenteriam
                 ,
                 menses
                 immodicos
                 ,
                 prociderntiam
                 uteri
                 &
                 sedis
                 .
                 In
                 summa
                 Acaciae
                 &
                 hypocistidis
                 vices
                 supplet
                 ;
                 urinam
                 ciet
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Dentiscalpia
                 ex
                 Lentisco
                 parata
                 tum
                 priscis
                 ,
                 tum
                 hoc
                 seculo
                 magnatibus
                 ac
                 delicatioribus
                 in
                 usu
                 quotidiano
                 pro
                 optimis
                 &
                 praestantissimis
                 habentur
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Lentiscum
                 in
                 sola
                 insula
                 Chio
                 Mastichen
                 praebore
                 tum
                 Bellonius
                 ,
                 tum
                 Hermolaus
                 Barbarus
                 assirmant
                 .
                 Alii
                 in
                 Italia
                 quoque
                 Mastichen
                 ferre
                 sed
                 non
                 copio&am
                 tradunt
                 ,
                 ut
                 v.
                 g.
                 Matthiolous
                 ,
                 Caesalpinus
                 ,
                 Lacuna
                 ,
                 Schroderus
                 refert
                 se
                 habere
                 ex
                 donatione
                 Galseri
                 frustulum
                 Mastiche
                 ditissimum
                 ex
                 Helveticis
                 Alpibus
                 transmissum
                 .
                 
                 Nos
                 cùm
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 peregrinaremur
                 nunquam
                 Mastichen
                 fundentem
                 vidimus
                 hanc
                 arborem
                 ;
                 nec
                 quis
                 fide
                 dignus
                 nobis
                 unquam
                 retulit
                 se
                 vidisse
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Huic
                 arbori
                 vel
                 sponte
                 vel
                 vulneratae
                 exudat
                 Mastiche
                 dicta
                 ,
                 quae
                 (
                 referente
                 Schrodero
                 )
                 subastringit
                 ,
                 emollit
                 ,
                 ventriculum
                 roborat
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 vomitu
                 ,
                 nauseâ
                 ac
                 fluxu
                 alvi
                 compescendo
                 .
                 Obtundit
                 ac
                 corrigit
                 purgantium
                 acrimoniam
                 ,
                 reprimit
                 exhalationes
                 ventriculi
                 quae
                 caput
                 alias
                 ferire
                 solent
                 (
                 grana
                 aliquot
                 post
                 pastum
                 deglutita
                 )
                 roborat
                 caput
                 ,
                 nervosùmque
                 genus
                 ,
                 expuitioni
                 sanguninis
                 ac
                 tussi
                 medetur
                 :
                 emendat
                 oris
                 halitum
                 ,
                 pituitam
                 è
                 cerebro
                 elicit
                 (
                 masticando
                 .
                 )
                 Extrinsecus
                 ejus
                 usus
                 creberrimus
                 est
                 in
                 dentifriciis
                 ,
                 emplastris
                 ac
                 cataplasmatis
                 stomachicis
                 .
              
               
                 Leonotopodium
                 
                   Dod.
                   v.
                
                 Gnaphalium
                 Alpinum
                 pulchrum
                 .
              
               
                 Lepidium
                 aunuum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 galstifolium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 non
                 repens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 prope
                 Ratisponam
                 ;
                 ibidem
                 Foenugraecum
                 aut
                 satum
                 aut
                 sponte
                 provenit
                 .
              
               
                 Lepidium
                 Dentellaria
                 dictum
                 v.
                 Plumbago
                 .
              
               
                 Leucoium
                 bulbosum
                 praecox
                 minus
                 Ger.
                 bulbosum
                 minus
                 triphyllon
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 convallibus
                 Alpium
                 ,
                 viâ
                 quà
                 Bassano
                 Tridentum
                 itur
                 .
              
               
                 Leucoium
                 bulbosum
                 vulgare
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 bulbosum
                 hexaphyllum
                 cum
                 unico
                 flore
                 ,
                 rariùs
                 bino
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 bulb
                 .
                 serotinum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 umbrosis
                 Helvetiae
                 pascuis
                 pluribus
                 in
                 locis
                 ;
                 quin
                 &
                 in
                 Italia
                 prope
                 Taurinum
                 ,
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 ,
                 itémque
                 inter
                 Bassanum
                 &
                 Tridentum
                 .
              
               
                 Leucoium
                 bulbosum
                 majus
                 polyanthemum
                 Ger.
                 Leuconarcisso-lirion
                 pratense
                 Lob.
                 Leuc.
                 bulb
                 .
                 polyanthemum
                 tardiús
                 florens
                 ,
                 floribus
                 monoribus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 L.
                 b.
                 majus
                 sive
                 multiflorum
                 ,
                 quod
                 aliqui
                 Acrocorion
                 Plinii
                 statuunt
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 palustribus
                 prope
                 Pisas
                 .
              
               
                 Lecoium
                 maritimum
                 angustifolium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 marinum
                 minus
                 Park
                 .
                 marinum
                 minus
                 Lobelii
                 &
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 In
                 arenosis
                 maris
                 Mediterranei
                 litoribus
                 Prope
                 Frontignanam
                 .
              
               
                 Leucoium
                 spinosum
                 v.
                 Thalspi
                 spinosum
                 .
              
               
                 Libanotis
                 altera
                 Theophrasti
                 nigra
                 v.
                 Saxifragia
                 Vene
                 torum
                 .
              
               
                 Libanotis
                 Theophrasti
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 latifolia
                 altera
                 sive
                 vulgatior
                 .
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lib.
                 Theoph
                 quorundam
                 ,
                 sive
                 Seseli
                 Aethiopicum
                 Matthiolo
                 ,
                 Cervaria
                 alba
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 copiosè
                 .
              
               
                 Lichen
                 marinus
                 rotundifolius
                 
                   Ger.
                   v.
                
                 Opuntia
                 marina
                 .
              
               
                 Ligusticum
                 v.
                 Siler
                 montanum
                 .
              
               
                 Lili●m
                 aui
                 eum
                 v.
                 Martagon
                 Chymistarum
                 .
              
               
               
                 Lilium
                 floribus
                 reflexis
                 montanum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 montanum
                 minus
                 Ger.
                 flore
                 nutante
                 ferrungineo
                 majus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 colle
                 
                   La
                   Bastie
                
                 &
                 in
                 monte
                 Salveâ
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Limonium
                 folio
                 sinuato
                 Ger.
                 peregrinum
                 Rauwolsii
                 Park
                 .
                 peregrinum
                 foliis
                 Asplenii
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lim.
                 quibusdam
                 rarum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promontorium
                 Pachynum
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 
                   Punto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 utrobique
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Limoniuni
                 parvum
                 Narbonese
                 oleae-folium
                 Lob.
                 minus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minus
                 maritimum
                 oleae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 parvum
                 Ger.
                 Narbonese
                 parvum
                 Park
                 .
                 Ad
                 mare
                 prope
                 Monspelium
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 qúoque
                 in
                 Etruria
                 circa
                 Liburnum
                 .
              
               
                 Limonium
                 al●ud
                 parvum
                 Narbonese
                 floribus
                 majoribus
                 .
                 An
                 Limonium
                 minimum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 In
                 iisdem
                 cum
                 priore
                 locis
                 .
              
               
                 Linariae
                 aliquatenus
                 similis
                 folio
                 Bellidis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lin.
                 crecta
                 latifolia
                 VII
                 .
                 seu
                 Bellidis
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Linaria
                 odorata
                 Park
                 .
                 purpurea
                 odorata
                 Ger.
                 In
                 agris
                 quibusdam
                 Lugdunum
                 inter
                 &
                 Gratianopolin
                 5
                 aut
                 6
                 leucis
                 Lugduno
                 remotis
                 .
              
               
                 Linaria
                 aurea
                 Tragi
                 Ger.
                 L.
                 folioso
                 capitulo
                 luteo
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Heliochrylos
                 Tragi
                 ,
                 sive
                 Linaria
                 3
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 prope
                 Ratisponam
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
                 Hane
                 plantam
                 ad
                 Virgam
                 auream
                 rectiùs
                 retuleris
                 quàm
                 ad
                 Linariam
                 .
              
               
                 Linaria
                 purpurea
                 magna
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 L.
                 erecta
                 angustiofolia
                 X
                 ,
                 sive
                 purpurea
                 major
                 odorata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Neaposin
                 &
                 ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Vesuvii
                 .
                 Maxima
                 est
                 ominium
                 quas
                 hactenus
                 vidimus
                 ;
                 flore
                 parvo
                 ,
                 intense
                 prupureo
                 .
              
               
                 Linaria
                 graminea
                 floribus
                 congestis
                 purpureis
                 .
                 Linaria
                 caerulea
                 calcaribus
                 longis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Vesuvii
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Altitudo
                 ei
                 dodrantalis
                 ,
                 folia
                 graminea
                 ;
                 flores
                 in
                 summo
                 caule
                 densè
                 stipati
                 velut
                 in
                 brevispicâ
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Linatia
                 odorata
                 Monspessulana
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 erecta
                 angustifolia
                 XI
                 ,
                 sive
                 capillaceo
                 solio
                 odora
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 ubique
                 Hanc
                 speciem
                 in
                 Cornubia
                 invenimus
                 .
                 Consule
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 Folia
                 capillacea
                 huic
                 plantae
                 perperiám
                 attribuit
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 .
              
               
                 Linaria
                 purpurea
                 parva
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 pumila
                 seu
                 repens
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 caerulea
                 repens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 purpuro-caerulea
                 repens
                 Ger.
                 caerulea
                 repens
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Alpium
                 jugis
                 &
                 monte
                 Jura
                 .
                 Malè
                 inseribitur
                 repens
                 .
              
               
                 Linaria
                 parva
                 purpurea
                 foliis
                 sine
                 ordine
                 dispositis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lin
                 foliis
                 carnosis
                 cinereis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 alveis
                 fluviorum
                 Alpestrium
                 &
                 torrentum
                 .
              
               
                 Linaria
                 lutea
                 parva
                 annnua
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 pumila
                 seu
                 repens
                 II
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 pum
                 .
                 foliis
                 carnosis
                 ,
                 flosculis
                 minimis
                 flavis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 cacumine
                 montis
                 Lupi
                 ,
                 duobus
                 â
                 Monspelio
                 leucis
                 distantis
                 .
                 Autumno
                 florentem
                 inveni
                 .
              
               
               
                 Linaria
                 pumila
                 procumbens
                 latifolia
                 flore
                 pallido
                 ,
                 rictu
                 luteo
                 .
                 In
                 vineis
                 quibusdam
                 Messanae
                 .
                 Vere
                 ●loacute
                 ;
                 ret
                 .
              
               
                 Linum
                 luteum
                 Narbonense
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 marinum
                 luteum
                 Ger.
                 maritimum
                 luteum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 angustifolium
                 luteum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 pratis
                 juxta
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 
                   Sellam
                   novam
                
                 .
                 Floret
                 Septembri
                 :
                 Hujus
                 varietatem
                 duplo
                 grandiorem
                 invenimus
                 ad
                 mare
                 ,
                 quam
                 tamen
                 specificè
                 differre
                 neutiquam
                 concedimus
                 .
                 Flores
                 nempe
                 ,
                 caules
                 ,
                 capitula
                 ,
                 semina
                 utrique
                 eadem
                 .
                 Differentia
                 tantùm
                 in
                 magnitudine
                 &
                 statura
                 ,
                 quae
                 ratione
                 loci
                 evenit
                 .
                 Instinctu
                 J.
                 Bauhi●i
                 haec
                 duo
                 studiosè
                 inter
                 se
                 contulimus
                 .
              
               
                 Linum
                 sylv
                 .
                 angustis
                 &
                 densioribus
                 foliis
                 ,
                 flore
                 minore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Haec
                 species
                 an
                 eadem
                 sit
                 nostrati
                 Lino
                 tenuifolio
                 ,
                 an
                 diversa
                 inquirendum
                 .
                 In
                 sterilioribus
                 circa
                 montem
                 Lupi
                 Septembri
                 florentem
                 observavimus
                 .
                 Est
                 autem
                 iis
                 in
                 locis
                 perexigua
                 ,
                 foliis
                 angustiss
                 .
                 densis
                 ,
                 flore
                 satìs
                 grandi
                 ,
                 coloris
                 ex
                 purpurâ
                 albicantis
                 .
              
               
                 Linum
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolium
                 Ger.
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolium
                 caeruleum
                 Park
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolium
                 hirsutum
                 caeruleum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolium
                 hirsutum
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 planitie
                 quadam
                 prope
                 Augustam
                 Vindelicorum
                 .
                 An
                 potiùs
                 Linum
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolium
                 caule
                 viscoso
                 ,
                 flore
                 rubro
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 quod
                 circa
                 Ingolstadium
                 reperiri
                 asserit
                 .
                 Nostri
                 certè
                 flos
                 ruber
                 potiùs
                 quàm
                 caeruleus
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 nullius
                 in
                 caulibus
                 viscositatis
                 meminerimus
                 .
              
               
                 Lithospermum
                 Linari●
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Passerina
                 .
              
               
                 Lonchitis
                 aspera
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 asp
                 .
                 major
                 Ger.
                 asp
                 .
                 major
                 Matthioli
                 Park
                 .
                 altera
                 cum
                 folio
                 denticulato
                 ,
                 sive
                 Lonchitis
                 altera
                 Matthioli
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sum
                 mis
                 rupibus
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 arbor
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 L.
                 arbor
                 fructu
                 Cerasi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 L.
                 fructu
                 Cerasi
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 circa
                 Romam
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 siliquâ
                 quadratâ
                 Ger.
                 quadripinnatis
                 siliquis
                 Park
                 .
                 ruber
                 siliquâ
                 angulosâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 fusco
                 tetragonolobus
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 propè
                 Messanam
                 in
                 olivetis
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 siliquosa
                 lutea
                 Monspeliensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 pratensis
                 siliquosus
                 luteus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 pratens
                 .
                 Moaspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Tybridis
                 fluvii
                 ostia
                 in
                 pratis
                 .
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 quoque
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 siliquosa
                 lutea
                 siliquis
                 strictioribus
                 &
                 longioribus
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 prope
                 Tybridis
                 fluvii
                 ostia
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 edulis
                 Cretica
                 Park
                 .
                 L.
                 pentaphyllos
                 siliquâ
                 convexâ
                 I
                 ,
                 sive
                 pentaphyllos
                 siliquâ
                 cornutâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 sive
                 Lotus
                 Hierazune
                 edulis
                 siliquosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 observavi
                 in
                 Italia
                 prope
                 Neapolin
                 ,
                 postea
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 siliquis
                 Ornithopodii
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 ad
                 latera
                 montium
                 urbi
                 proximorum
                 .
              
               
               
                 Lotus
                 flore
                 luteo
                 ,
                 corniculis
                 articulatis
                 .
                 An
                 Lotus
                 pentaphyllos
                 siliquis
                 recurvis
                 ,
                 pedes
                 corvinos
                 referentibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Coronopus
                 ex
                 codice
                 Caesareo
                 
                   Dod.
                   Ger.
                
                 ?
                 Ad
                 
                   Punto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Castello
                 Puzallu
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 siliquis
                 rectis
                 incana
                 vulgaris
                 major
                 .
                 Neap.
                 in
                 rupibus
                 maritimis
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 asperior
                 fruticosior
                 Park
                 .
                 fruticosus
                 incanus
                 siliquosus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 L.
                 trifolia
                 corniculata
                 Ger.
                 Trif
                 .
                 argentatum
                 floribus
                 luteis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Hanc
                 plantam
                 C.
                 B.
                 perperam
                 pentaphyllum
                 denominat
                 ,
                 cùm
                 trifolia
                 sit
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 corniculata
                 siliquis
                 singularibus
                 vel
                 binis
                 tenuis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 corniculatus
                 minor
                 pilosus
                 Park
                 .
                 Trifolium
                 cor●iculatum
                 minus
                 pilosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Prod.
                
                 Prope
                 Neapolin
                 collegimus
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 Libyca
                 Dalechampii
                 Lugd.
                 L.
                 pentaphyllos
                 siliquis
                 rectis
                 X
                 ,
                 sive
                 siliquosus
                 glaber
                 flore
                 rotundo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 haemorrhoidale
                 alterum
                 minus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Lotus
                 Libyca
                 Dalechampii
                 Park
                 .
                 Trifolium
                 rectum
                 Monspessulanum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 locis
                 humidis
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 Siciliae
                 ,
                 Tropiam
                 Calabriae
                 ,
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 Galliae
                 Narbonensis
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 incana
                 ,
                 sive
                 Oxytriphyllum
                 Scribonii
                 Largi
                 Ger.
                 Lotus
                 pentaphyllos
                 siliquis
                 rectis
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 pentaph
                 .
                 siliquosus
                 villosus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Lotus
                 haemorrhoidalis
                 major
                 ,
                 sive
                 Trifolium
                 haemorrhoidale
                 majus
                 
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 Trifolium
                 album
                 rectum
                 hirsutum
                 valde
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 eundo
                 ad
                 Peroul
                 .
                 Prope
                 Mes●anam
                 major
                 ●abetur
                 &
                 lignosior
                 .
                 Figura
                 quae
                 à
                 Parkinsono
                 exhibetur
                 pro
                 Trifolio
                 argentato
                 floribus
                 luteis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 à
                 Gerardo
                 pro
                 hoc
                 ponitur
                 ,
                 cui
                 quidem
                 nullo
                 modo
                 convenit
                 .
              
               
                 Lotus
                 pentaphyllos
                 vesicaria
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Anthyllis
                 leguminosa
                 vesicaria
                 Hispanica
                 Park
                 .
                 idonea
                 sanè
                 appellatione
                 .
                 Trifolium
                 halicacabum
                 sive
                 vesicarium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 perperam
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 &
                 alibi
                 non
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 modò
                 ,
                 sed
                 &
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 Loto
                 affinis
                 v.
                 Anthyllis
                 &
                 Auricula
                 muris
                 .
              
               
                 Lunaria
                 radiata
                 Robini
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Securidaca
                 .
                 peltata
                 v.
                 Thlaspi
                 clypeatum
                 minus
                 .
                 biscutata
                 v.
                 Thlaspi
                 clypeatum
                 .
              
               
                 Lupinus
                 sativus
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sativus
                 albus
                 Park
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 flore
                 &
                 semine
                 albo
                 sativus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 prope
                 Liburnum
                 Etruriae
                 portum
                 &
                 alibi
                 satum
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Lupinus
                 sylv
                 .
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flore
                 caeruleo
                 Ger.
                 sylv
                 .
                 purpureo
                 flore
                 ,
                 semine
                 rotundo
                 vario
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 sponte
                 &
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Lupinus
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 luteo
                 flore
                 ,
                 semine
                 compresso
                 vario
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenosis
                 ad
                 Fretum
                 Siculum
                 inter
                 Messanam
                 urbem
                 &
                 Pharum
                 Messanensem
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Haec
                 sola
                 planta
                 è
                 leguminosis
                 gustu
                 est
                 amaro
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
               
                 Lychnis
                 coronaria
                 vulgò
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 coronaria
                 sylvestris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 coron
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 cor
                 .
                 rubra
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Italia
                 passim
                 ,
                 ubi
                 &
                 flore
                 albo
                 ,
                 medio
                 incarnato
                 cernitur
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 erecta
                 parva
                 flore
                 rubello
                 ,
                 folio
                 longo
                 angusto
                 .
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 Lini
                 vidimus
                 ,
                 medio
                 quasi
                 itinere
                 à
                 Massa
                 ad
                 Lucam
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 minima
                 rigida
                 Cherleri
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 p●ope
                 Florentiam
                 .
                 Apud
                 alios
                 Botanicos
                 nulla
                 hujus
                 me●tio●
                 quod
                 sciam
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 sylv
                 .
                 hirta
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 hirta
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 lanugine
                 canescens
                 ,
                 flore
                 majusculo
                 rubescente
                 ,
                 Clusio
                 5
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Neapolin
                 primò
                 ,
                 deinde
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 parvo
                 flore
                 rubello
                 è
                 calyce
                 oblongo
                 angusto
                 .
                 Sunt
                 a
                 ,
                 petala
                 in
                 medio
                 profundè
                 fissa
                 seu
                 bi●ida
                 .
                 Juxta
                 Messanam
                 in
                 primo
                 montium
                 ascensu
                 .
                 Suspicarer
                 hanc
                 eandem
                 esse
                 cum
                 Ocymoide
                 flore
                 rubro
                 minore
                 ●ret
                 .
                 si
                 florum
                 petala
                 responderent
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 sylvestris
                 calyculis
                 striatis
                 Park
                 .
                 cal
                 .
                 str
                 .
                 2
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 sylv
                 .
                 latifolia
                 calyculis
                 turgidis
                 striatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Muscipula
                 major
                 ,
                 calyce
                 turgido
                 ventricoso
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 agris
                 prope
                 Rhenum
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Lychnis
                 montana
                 viscosa
                 alba
                 lati●olia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Muscipula
                 altera
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 Polemonium
                 petraeum
                 Gesneri
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Genevae
                 in
                 ipsius
                 urbis
                 muris
                 &
                 in
                 collibus
                 vicinis
                 frequens
                 .
                 In
                 Germaniae
                 quoque
                 meridionalibus
                 nusquam
                 non
                 obvia
                 .
                 Hanc
                 nuper
                 in
                 Anglia
                 spontaneam
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 vide
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 montana
                 repens
                 v.
                 Saponaria
                 minor
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 viscosa
                 purpurea
                 latifolia
                 laevis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Muscipula
                 Lobelii
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Centaurium
                 minus
                 adulterinum
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 Lychnidis
                 viscidae
                 genus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 montosis
                 ad
                 Rheni
                 ripas
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 viscosa
                 erecta
                 annua
                 caryophylloides
                 .
                 In
                 marginibus
                 Grammontiae
                 sylvae
                 prope
                 Mo●spelium
                 .
              
               
                 Lychnis
                 segetum
                 rubra
                 foliis
                 Perfoliatae
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lychnis
                 seg
                 .
                 Vaccaria
                 rubra
                 dicta
                 Park
                 .
                 Vaccaria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 in
                 Gallia
                 &
                 Germania
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Lysimachia
                 lutea
                 in
                 alis
                 foliorum
                 florens
                 Caes
                 .
                 lutea
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 lutea
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 minor
                 foliis
                 nigris
                 punctis
                 notatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 .
              
               
                 Lysimachia
                 lutea
                 flore
                 globoso
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 bifolia
                 flore
                 globoso
                 luteo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 altera
                 lutea
                 Lobelii
                 ,
                 flore
                 quasi
                 spicato
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 fossis
                 palustribus
                 prope
                 Sevenhuys
                 in
                 Hollandia
                 .
              
               
                 Lysimachia
                 siliquosa
                 speciosa
                 v.
                 Chamaenerium
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 M
              
               
                 MAchaleb
                 v.
                 Cerasus
                 sylvestris
                 .
              
               
                 Maiz
                 sive
                 Frumentum
                 Indicum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Maiz
                
                 ,
                 frumentum
                 Indicum
                 vel
                 Turcicum
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 Frumenctum
                 Indicum
                 Mays
                 dictum
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Triticum
                 Indicum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Seritur
                 nunc
                 dierum
                 non
                 in
                 Italia
                 duntaxat
                 ,
                 verùm
                 etiam
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
                 Farina
                 ejus
                 subflava
                 est
                 non
                 alba
                 .
                 Nequicquam
                 multiplicant
                 species
                 Tabernamontanus
                 &
                 Gerardus
                 ob
                 solum
                 granorum
                 aut
                 florum
                 colorem
                 ;
                 cùm
                 in
                 eadom
                 spica
                 grana
                 flava
                 &
                 spadicea
                 observaverimus
                 .
              
               
                 Panis
                 hinc
                 confectus
                 lentur
                 est
                 &
                 gravis
                 ,
                 nec
                 fermento
                 intumescit
                 dum
                 pinsitur
                 aut
                 coquitur
                 ,
                 proinde
                 obstruentis
                 naturae
                 sit
                 necesse
                 est
                 ,
                 &
                 difficilis
                 concoctionis
                 ,
                 velut
                 panis
                 azymus
                 .
              
               
                 Marrubium
                 album
                 fatuum
                 
                   P.
                   Castelli
                
                 in
                 Cat.
                 plantarum
                 Messanensium
                 .
                 An
                 Marrubium
                 album
                 peregrinum
                 brevibus
                 &
                 obtusis
                 foliis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 glareosis
                 ad
                 mare
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Messana
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 à
                 nonnullis
                 credita
                 est
                 Pseudodictamnus
                 alter
                 Ponae
                 ;
                 verùm
                 non
                 respondent
                 acetabula
                 ,
                 quae
                 Moluccae
                 similia
                 esse
                 dicit
                 .
              
               
                 Marrubium
                 album
                 angustifolium
                 peregrinum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Creticum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 album
                 angustiore
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 vias
                 &
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 prope
                 Viennam
                 Austriae
                 .
                 Miramur
                 interim
                 Clusium
                 aliam
                 proposuisse
                 ab
                 hac
                 diversam
                 Marrubii
                 speciem
                 circa
                 Viennam
                 spontaneam
                 ,
                 quae
                 nobis
                 ibi
                 non
                 visa
                 .
              
               
                 Marrubium
                 nigrum
                 longifolium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Herba
                 venti
                 Monspeliensium
                 .
              
               
                 Martagon
                 Chymistarum
                 Lob.
                 Lilium
                 aureum
                 Ger.
                 purpurocroceum
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 rubens
                 vel
                 croceum
                 majus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 supra
                 Neapolin
                 prope
                 Camaldulensium
                 coenobium
                 .
              
               
                 Mar●agon
                 v.
                 Lilium
                 floribus
                 reflexl●s
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 major
                 erection
                 floribus
                 purpurascentibus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 siliquâ
                 cornutâ
                 ,
                 sive
                 Medica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 Burgundia●um
                 Ger.
                 Poenum
                 Burgundiacum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Medica
                 legitima
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
                 Circa
                 Avenionem
                 in
                 agris
                 satam
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 sentellata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 cochleatum
                 Ger.
                 cochleatum
                 fructu
                 latiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 propè
                 Liburnum
                 Etruriae
                 portum
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 orbiculata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 cochleatum
                 vel
                 scutellatum
                 ,
                 fructu
                 latiore
                 ,
                 folio
                 minuto
                 obtuso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Pachynum
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
               
                 Medica
                 orbiculata
                 fructu
                 minore
                 .
                 Prope
                 Messanam
                 .
                 Hujus
                 orbiculi
                 dimidio
                 minores
                 sunt
                 quàm
                 praecedentis
                 ;
                 &
                 plures
                 simul
                 in
                 eodem
                 ramulo
                 sive
                 communi
                 pediculo
                 confertim
                 nascuntur
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 magna
                 turbinata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Medicae
                 majoris
                 Baeticae
                 spinosae
                 species
                 altera
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 p.
                 1200.
                 
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 mox
                 dicta
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 coronata
                 Cherleri
                 parva
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 ;
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Neapolin
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 doliata
                 spinosa
                 .
                 In
                 arenosis
                 maris
                 litoribus
                 ad
                 Messanam
                 &
                 alibi
                 tum
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 tum
                 etiam
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 doliata
                 lenis
                 .
                 Ubi
                 invenimus
                 jam
                 non
                 recordamur
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 orbiculata
                 elegans
                 fructu
                 circum
                 oras
                 rugis
                 veluti
                 crispato
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Puzallu
                 vico
                 &
                 
                   Punto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 fructu
                 compresso
                 circum
                 oras
                 dentato
                 .
                 An
                 Medica
                 lunata
                 quaedam
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Prope
                 Messanam
                 ad
                 margines
                 vinearum
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 echinata
                 ,
                 fructu
                 ovato
                 ,
                 spinulis
                 brevibus
                 ,
                 crebris
                 ,
                 rigidis
                 .
                 Prope
                 Messanam
                 Siciliae
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 Catalonica
                 elegans
                 vulgò
                 dicta
                 .
                 Hanc
                 ubi
                 collegimus
                 jam
                 non
                 recordamur
                 .
                 Fructus
                 figurae
                 doliaris
                 est
                 &
                 crebris
                 tuberculis
                 scaber
                 ,
                 persimilis
                 ligno
                 illi
                 quo
                 brachia
                 manúsque
                 muniunt
                 Itali
                 ad
                 pilam
                 defendendam
                 ▪
                 &
                 feriendam
                 propellendámve
                 in
                 ludo
                 dicto
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 ciliaris
                 Guilandini
                 .
                 Hanc
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 invenimus
                 .
                 Fructus
                 orbiculum
                 aut
                 rotulam
                 imitatur
                 ,
                 habétque
                 in
                 circumferentia
                 molles
                 &
                 oblongas
                 spinulas
                 seu
                 setas
                 ,
                 ciliorum
                 aemulas
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 marina
                 Park
                 .
                 Medicae
                 marinae
                 spinosae
                 species
                 Ger.
                 Trifolium
                 cochleatum
                 maritimum
                 spinosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Trifolium
                 cochleatum
                 marinum
                 ,
                 seu
                 Medica
                 marina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 litora
                 Maris
                 Mediterranei
                 frequens
                 .
                 Hae
                 duae
                 species
                 proximè
                 scriptae
                 perennes
                 suut
                 ,
                 reliquae
                 omnes
                 annuae
                 .
              
               
                 Medica
                 echinata
                 fructu
                 parvo
                 oblongo
                 ,
                 spinis
                 rarioribus
                 rigidis
                 .
                 Hanc
                 etiam
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 collegimus
                 .
              
               
                 Melampyrum
                 multis
                 sive
                 Triticum
                 vaccinum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Melampyrum
                 purpurascente
                 comâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Melampyrum
                 purpureum
                 Ger.
                 Crataeogonon
                 flore
                 vario
                 Park
                 .
                 Melampyrum
                 ejusdem
                 .
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 per
                 Germaniam
                 &
                 Galliam
                 vulgatissimum
                 .
              
               
                 Melampyrum
                 caeruleâ
                 comâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 caetuleum
                 Ger.
                 Melampyro
                 affinis
                 Parietaria
                 caerulea
                 quorundam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Gratianopoli
                 ,
                 qua
                 indè
                 ad
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobium
                 itur
                 .
              
               
                 Melampyrum
                 erectum
                 flore
                 luteo
                 amplo
                 .
                 Ad
                 latera
                 montium
                 Messanae
                 imminentium
                 .
              
               
               
                 Melampyrum
                 erectum
                 flore
                 vario
                 ex
                 albo
                 &
                 purpureo
                 .
                 An
                 Antirrhinum
                 album
                 serrato
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Cum
                 priore
                 ,
                 à
                 quo
                 etiam
                 fortasse
                 non
                 differt
                 specie
                 .
                 Possunt
                 hae
                 plantae
                 ad
                 Euphrasias
                 aut
                 Cristas
                 Galli
                 referri
                 .
              
               
                 Melanthium
                 v.
                 Nigella
                 .
              
               
                 Melica
                 sive
                 Sorghum
                 
                   Dod.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Sorghi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Milium
                 arundinaceum
                 subrotundo
                 semine
                 ,
                 Sorgo
                 nominatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Foro
                 Julii
                 ad
                 pani●icia
                 seritur
                 :
                 éstque
                 haud
                 dubiè
                 Milium
                 illud
                 quod
                 suo
                 tempore
                 ex
                 India
                 in
                 Italiam
                 invectum
                 scripsit
                 Plinius
                 ,
                 nigrum
                 colore
                 ,
                 amplum
                 grano
                 ,
                 harundineum
                 culmo
                 ,
                 quódque
                 adolescit
                 ad
                 pedes
                 altitudine
                 septem
                 praegrandibus
                 culmis
                 .
                 E
                 paniculis
                 hujus
                 à
                 granis
                 repurgatis
                 scopulas
                 efficiunt
                 ad
                 mundandas
                 vestes
                 aliósque
                 usus
                 ,
                 cujusmodi
                 Venetiis
                 vonales
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Melilotus
                 quinta
                 Tragi
                 v.
                 Securidaca
                 .
              
               
                 Melilotus
                 major
                 candida
                 Trag.
                 Germanica
                 Ger.
                 flore
                 albo
                 albo
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 frequens
                 .
                 Haec
                 reverà
                 specie
                 differt
                 à
                 vulgari
                 nostra
                 lutea
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 ,
                 qui
                 aliàs
                 plerunque
                 nimis
                 multiplicat
                 species
                 ,
                 eandem
                 faciat
                 .
              
               
                 Melilotus
                 Messanensis
                 procumbens
                 folliculis
                 rugosis
                 sublongis
                 ,
                 spicis
                 florum
                 brevioribus
                 .
                 In
                 loco
                 humido
                 ,
                 in
                 lingula
                 illa
                 inter
                 portum
                 Messanensem
                 &
                 fretum
                 Siculum
                 .
              
               
                 Melissa
                 sylvestris
                 hirsutior
                 minùs
                 odorata
                 .
                 Melissophylli
                 sylvestris
                 genus
                 Matthiolo
                 .
                 In
                 sepibus
                 prope
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 Salernum
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Haec
                 est
                 ,
                 puto
                 ,
                 quam
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 memorat
                 
                   Hist
                   .
                   lib.
                
                 28.
                 cap.
                 12.
                 
                 Habemus
                 (
                 inquit
                 )
                 nos
                 quandam
                 Melissam
                 nigriorem
                 &
                 hirsutiorem
                 ,
                 à
                 nemine
                 memoratam
                 .
                 Hîc
                 Matthiolus
                 à
                 Botanicis
                 injustè
                 arguitur
                 ,
                 qnasi
                 Melissophyllum
                 suum
                 sylvestre
                 à
                 sativo
                 non
                 esset
                 distinctum
                 .
              
               
                 Melissae
                 similis
                 foliis
                 minoribus
                 ,
                 floribus
                 albis
                 ,
                 labello
                 punctato
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 ,
                 in
                 insula
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Pachynum
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Menthastrum
                 Ger.
                 hortense
                 ,
                 sive
                 Mentha
                 sylvest
                 .
                 Park
                 .
                 Mentha
                 sylvestris
                 folio
                 longiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Menthastrum
                 spicatum
                 folio
                 longiore
                 candicante
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 &
                 pascuis
                 prope
                 Arnum
                 flumen
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Florentia
                 .
              
               
                 Mespilus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 sativa
                 Ger.
                 vulgaris
                 sive
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 Germanica
                 folio
                 laurino
                 non
                 ferrato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Etruriae
                 sepibus
                 non
                 procul
                 Viterbo
                 .
              
               
                 Mespilus
                 Aronia
                 Ger.
                 Aronia
                 Veterum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Aronia
                 sive
                 Neapolitana
                 Park
                 .
                 Apii
                 folio
                 laciniato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Sponte
                 provenire
                 dicitur
                 in
                 montibus
                 Galliae
                 Narbonens●s
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 me
                 non
                 vidisse
                 fateor
                 spontaneam
                 .
              
               
                 Meum
                 alterum
                 Italicum
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 alterum
                 Italicum
                 
                 Ger.
                 spurium
                 Italicum
                 Park
                 .
                 latisolium
                 adulterinum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 &
                 clivis
                 maritimis
                 Regni
                 Neapolitani
                 .
              
               
                 Mezereon
                 Germanicum
                 ,
                 an
                 Chamaedaphne
                 Dioscoridis
                 Lob.
                 ?
                 Laureola
                 folio
                 deciduo
                 ,
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Laur.
                 fol.
                 dec
                 .
                 sive
                 Mezereon
                 Germanicum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaelaea
                 Germanica
                 sive
                 Mezereon
                 Ger.
                 Cham.
                 Ger.
                 sive
                 Mezereon
                 vulgò
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 montosis
                 Germaniae
                 passim
                 .
                 Habetur
                 &
                 in
                 collibus
                 &
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
                 Facultatis
                 est
                 causticae
                 &
                 adurentis
                 ,
                 nec
                 intra
                 corpus
                 tutò
                 sumitur
                 .
              
               
                 Milium
                 arundinaceum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Melica
                 .
              
               
                 Millefolium
                 nobile
                 Trag.
                 Achillea
                 sive
                 Millefolium
                 nobile
                 Ger.
                 Achillea
                 Sideritis
                 ,
                 sive
                 nobilis
                 odorata
                 Park
                 .
                 Achillea
                 millefolia
                 odorata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Tanacetum
                 minus
                 album
                 odore
                 Camphorae
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ad
                 Rhenum
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 Italia
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Millefolium
                 luteum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 tomentosum
                 luteum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Avenionem
                 ,
                 &
                 juxta
                 viam
                 quae
                 Auriaco
                 Avenionem
                 ducit
                 ,
                 ubi
                 &
                 ●lusio
                 observatum
                 
                   Hist
                   .
                   lib.
                
                 3.
                 cap.
                 37.
                 
              
               
                 Mollugo
                 montana
                 latisolia
                 ramosa
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Gallium
                 sive
                 Mollugo
                 montana
                 Ger.
                 Gallium
                 flore
                 albo
                 majus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Mollugo
                 montana
                 Park
                 .
                 Rubia
                 sylvatica
                 laevis
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 ,
                 agro
                 Luceburgensi
                 &
                 Aquisgranensi
                 .
              
               
                 Moly
                 moschatum
                 capillaceo
                 folio
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 moschatum
                 vel
                 Zibettinum
                 Monspeliense
                 Park
                 .
                 Allium
                 sylv
                 .
                 perpusillum
                 juncifolium
                 moschatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 prope
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Sellam
                 novam
                 ,
                 
                   aux
                   Garigues
                
                 .
              
               
                 Moly
                 parvum
                 caule
                 triangulo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 caule
                 &
                 foliis
                 triangularibus
                 Pa●k
                 .
                 Primò
                 inter
                 Lericium
                 &
                 Massam
                 ;
                 deinde
                 circa
                 Baias
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Monophyllon
                 Ger.
                 Mon.
                 sive
                 Unifolium
                 Park
                 .
                 Mon.
                 recentiorum
                 Lob.
                 Mon.
                 sive
                 Lilium
                 convallim
                 minus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Unifolium
                 ,
                 sive
                 Ophrys
                 unifolia
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 P●imò
                 in
                 luco
                 quodam
                 juxta
                 Hagam
                 Comitum
                 Hollandiae
                 ,
                 deinde
                 in
                 omnibus
                 fere
                 editioribus
                 Belgii
                 &
                 Germaniae
                 sylvis
                 &
                 dumetis
                 .
              
               
                 Morus
                 alba
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                   J
                   B.
                
                 fructu
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   The
                   white
                   Mulberry
                
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 copiosissimè
                 seritur
                 ad
                 bombyces
                 alendos
                 ;
                 sunt
                 enim
                 folia
                 ejus
                 teneriora
                 &
                 vermiculis
                 hisce
                 gratiora
                 quàm
                 nigrae
                 .
              
               
                 Morus
                 nigra
                 
                   Park
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 fructu
                 nigro
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Morus
                 
                   Ger.
                   The
                   black
                   Mulberry-tree
                
                 .
                 Cum
                 priore
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 ●
                 .
                 Fructus
                 nigrae
                 (
                 
                   mora
                   Celsi
                
                 officinis
                 dicti
                 )
                 immaturi
                 refrig
                 .
                 sicc
                 .
                 astringunt
                 validé
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 diarrhoea
                 ,
                 dysenteria
                 ,
                 fluxu
                 menstruo
                 ,
                 expuitione
                 sanguinis
                 :
                 Extrinsecùs
                 in
                 faucium
                 ac
                 oris
                 inflammationibus
                 ulceribúsque
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 Mora
                 matura
                 refrigerant
                 ,
                 alvum
                 subducunt
                 initio
                 pastûs
                 &
                 ante
                 alios
                 cibos
                 sumpta
                 ,
                 nam
                 post
                 alios
                 cibos
                 facilè
                 corrumpuntur
                 ;
                 sitim
                 sedant
                 ,
                 appetitum
                 excitant
                 ,
                 &c.
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Cortex
                 rdicis
                 abstergit
                 ,
                 astringit
                 ,
                 hepar
                 ac
                 lienem
                 aperit
                 ,
                 alvum
                 laxat
                 ,
                 tineas
                 latas
                 necat
                 :
                 Circa
                 messem
                 circumfossa
                 &
                 incisa
                 dat
                 succum
                 qui
                 concrescit
                 &
                 ad
                 dentium
                 dolores
                 efficax
                 est
                 .
                 Quin
                 &
                 folia
                 vel
                 sola
                 vel
                 cum
                 cortice
                 cocta
                 odontalgiam
                 sedant
                 .
                 Veteres
                 plura
                 habent
                 ,
                 quos
                 consule
                 .
                 Syrupus
                 mororum
                 ad
                 supradicta
                 omnia
                 valet
                 ,
                 &
                 grata
                 sua
                 aciditate
                 febrilem
                 ardorem
                 restinguit
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Morus
                 urbanarum
                 novissima
                 germinat
                 ,
                 nec
                 nisi
                 exacto
                 frigore
                 ,
                 ob
                 id
                 dicta
                 sapientissima
                 arborum
                 .
                 Plin.
                 
              
               
                 Muscus
                 Alpinus
                 flore
                 insigni
                 dilutè
                 rubente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Gentianella
                 omnium
                 minima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 altissimis
                 verticibus
                 montium
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 imminentium
              
               
                 Muscus
                 denticulatus
                 Ger.
                 denticulatus
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 terrestris
                 denticulatus
                 Lob.
                 pulcher
                 parvus
                 repens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 aggeribus
                 umbrosis
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 parte
                 meridionali
                 Germaniae
                 .
              
               
                 Muscus
                 capillaceus
                 longissimus
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Muscus
                 arboreus
                 II
                 ,
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Hunc
                 longissimis
                 capillaceis
                 filamentis
                 densè
                 stipatis
                 ex
                 Abie●ibus
                 dependentem
                 in
                 Germania
                 vidimus
                 &
                 collegimus
                 .
                 Chartas
                 in
                 quibus
                 composita
                 fuit
                 colore
                 flavo
                 ad
                 ruffum
                 tendente
                 infecit
                 .
              
               
                 Myagro
                 affinis
                 herba
                 capitulis
                 rotundis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Myagro
                 similis
                 siliquâ
                 rotundâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Hanc
                 inter
                 plantas
                 nostras
                 siccas
                 habemus
                 ,
                 ubi
                 collegiums
                 jam
                 non
                 recordamur
                 .
              
               
                 Myrica
                 1
                 Clus
                 .
                 Tamariscus
                 folio
                 tenuiore
                 Park
                 .
                 Narbonensis
                 Ger.
                 Tamarix
                 altera
                 folio
                 tenuiore
                 ,
                 sive
                 Gallica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 sive
                 arborea
                 Narbonensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 mare
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 abundé
                 .
              
               
                 Myrica
                 sylv
                 .
                 altera
                 Clus
                 .
                 Tamariscus
                 folio
                 latiore
                 Park
                 .
                 Germanica
                 Ger.
                 Tamarix
                 fruticosa
                 folio
                 crassiore
                 ,
                 sive
                 Germanica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Germanica
                 ,
                 sive
                 minor
                 fruticosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 ripas
                 fluviorum
                 ,
                 v.
                 g.
                 circa
                 Augustam
                 Vindelicourm
                 ,
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Absterg
                 .
                 ac
                 subastringit
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 obstructione
                 ac
                 tumore
                 lienis
                 .
                 Adeò
                 mirabilem
                 antipathiam
                 contra
                 solum
                 hoc
                 viscerum
                 faciunt
                 (
                 inquit
                 Plinius
                 )
                 ut
                 affirment
                 ,
                 si
                 ex
                 alveis
                 factis
                 bibant
                 sues
                 sine
                 liene
                 inveniri
                 .
                 De
                 ligno
                 Aegyptii
                 (
                 teste
                 Alpino
                 )
                 decoctum
                 parant
                 ad
                 luem
                 Veneream
                 curandam
                 non
                 secus
                 ac
                 nostri
                 de
                 Guaiaco
                 ,
                 quod
                 exhibent
                 leprosis
                 ,
                 scabiosis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 cum
                 
                 foelici
                 successu
                 .
                 Idem
                 faciunt
                 in
                 melancholicis
                 ,
                 ictericis
                 nigris
                 &
                 hydropicis
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 in
                 tinea
                 capitis
                 &
                 obstructione
                 mensium
                 valet
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Doliola
                 è
                 Myricae
                 assulis
                 Francofurti
                 ad
                 Moenum
                 venalia
                 memorat
                 Clusius
                 ,
                 quibus
                 contentus
                 liquor
                 lienosis
                 prodest
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Curae
                 Edmundi
                 Grindalli
                 Archiepiscopi
                 Cantuariensis
                 Tamaricem
                 Angli
                 debent
                 ,
                 quam
                 induratam
                 lienis
                 passionem
                 eximiè
                 juvare
                 expertus
                 primus
                 in
                 Angliam
                 transtulit
                 .
                 
                   Camden
                   .
                   Annal.
                   Elizab.
                
                 
              
               
                 Myrtus
                 communis
                 Italica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Myrtus
                 fructu
                 albo
                 Ger.
                 ?
                 Myrtus
                 vulgaris
                 nigra
                 &
                 alba
                 ,
                 sativa
                 &
                 sylvestris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallo-provincia
                 frequentissima
                 ,
                 ad
                 mare
                 inferum
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Hujus
                 tum
                 folia
                 ,
                 tum
                 baccae
                 (
                 myrtilli
                 Officinarum
                 )
                 refrigerant
                 temperatè
                 ,
                 siccant
                 validè
                 astringúntque
                 .
                 Usus
                 internus
                 rarior
                 est
                 ,
                 nihilominus
                 tamen
                 adhibentur
                 in
                 fluxu
                 alvi
                 ac
                 expuitione
                 sanguinis
                 .
                 Extrinsecus
                 usus
                 utriusque
                 crebrior
                 .
              
               
                 Folia
                 emendant
                 foetorem
                 sub
                 axillis
                 ac
                 inguinibus
                 (
                 pulvis
                 aspersus
                 )
                 sudorem
                 corporis
                 immodicum
                 sistunt
                 (
                 frictione
                 )
                 membris
                 catarrhosis
                 opitulantur
                 ,
                 alvi
                 fluxui
                 succurrunt
                 ,
                 defensivum
                 exhibent
                 in
                 herpetibus
                 ,
                 putredinem
                 oris
                 sanant
                 ,
                 haemorrhagiam
                 narium
                 sistunt
                 ;
                 polypo
                 medentur
                 (
                 cum
                 melle
                 ac
                 vino
                 .
                 )
              
               
                 Baccae
                 mitigant
                 oculorum
                 inflammationes
                 ;
                 juvant
                 luxatos
                 articulos
                 ac
                 ossa
                 fracta
                 ;
                 subveniunt
                 procidentiae
                 uteri
                 ac
                 ani
                 ;
                 capitis
                 tineas
                 furfuraceáque
                 excrementa
                 abigunt
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 Praecipuae
                 eorum
                 vires
                 dependent
                 ab
                 adstrictione
                 &
                 suavitate
                 odoris
                 ,
                 ut
                 singulas
                 examinanti
                 manifestum
                 fiet
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Bellonius
                 refert
                 Illyricos
                 Myrti
                 foliis
                 coria
                 perficere
                 ,
                 quemadmodum
                 Macedones
                 Rhoe
                 ;
                 Aegyptios
                 Acaciae
                 siliquis
                 ;
                 Asiae
                 minoris
                 incolas
                 glandium
                 Aesculi
                 calycibus
                 ;
                 Gallos
                 Quercûs
                 libro
                 ;
                 Phryges
                 sylvestris
                 Pini
                 corticibus
                 .
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   hist
                   .
                   lib.
                   1.
                   cap.
                   43.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 N
              
               
                 NArcissus
                 medioluteus
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 An
                 medioluteus
                 polyanthos
                 Ger.
                 ?
                 medioluteus
                 XI
                 ,
                 sive
                 copioso
                 flore
                 ,
                 odore
                 gravi
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Narcissus
                 multos
                 ferens
                 flores
                 ,
                 medioluteus
                 Narbonensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Itinere
                 à
                 Lericio
                 ad
                 Massam
                 ,
                 &
                 à
                 Massa
                 ad
                 Lucam
                 inter
                 segetes
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Natrix
                 Plinii
                 v.
                 Anonis
                 lutea
                 major
                 .
              
               
                 Nasturtiolum
                 Alpinum
                 tenuissimè
                 divisum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cardamine
                 Alpina
                 Ger.
                 Alpina
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montium
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 locis
                 humidioribus
                 .
              
               
                 Nerium
                 Alpinum
                 v.
                 Ledum
                 .
              
               
                 Nerium
                 v.
                 Oleander
                 .
              
               
                 Nigella
                 arvensis
                 Park
                 .
                 arvensis
                 cornuta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Melanthium
                 Sylvestre
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Sylv.
                 sive
                 arvense
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Per
                 Germaniam
                 ,
                 Italiam
                 &
                 Galliam
                 Narbonensem
                 inter
                 segetes
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Usus
                 semin
                 .
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 mucilagine
                 pulmonum
                 resolvenda
                 &
                 expectoranda
                 ,
                 lacte
                 augendo
                 ,
                 urinâ
                 ac
                 mensibus
                 ciendis
                 ,
                 morsibus
                 venenatis
                 corrigendis
                 .
                 Specificè
                 in
                 febribus
                 quartanis
                 &
                 quotidianis
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 crebri
                 usûs
                 est
                 in
                 Cephalalgia
                 sedanda
                 ,
                 catarrhis
                 exiccandis
                 ,
                 in
                 cucuphis
                 epithemat
                 ,
                 &c.
                 applicatum
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Radix
                 sistit
                 proprietate
                 sua
                 haemorrhagiam
                 ,
                 si
                 dentibus
                 masticetur
                 ,
                 naribúsque
                 imponatur
                 .
                 Idem
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Exprimitur
                 ex
                 semine
                 isto
                 oleum
                 ,
                 quo
                 imperiti
                 Pharmacopoei
                 plerique
                 pro
                 oleo
                 nardino
                 non
                 absque
                 gravi
                 utuntur
                 errore
                 .
                 Dod.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 O
              
               
                 OCymastrum
                 Valerianthon
                 v.
                 Valeriana
                 .
              
               
                 Ocymoides
                 repens
                 v.
                 Saponaria
                 minor
                 .
              
               
                 Ochrus
                 sive
                 Ervilia
                 
                   Dod.
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Och.
                 sive
                 Erv.
                 flore
                 &
                 fructu
                 albo
                 Park
                 .
                 Och.
                 folio
                 integro
                 capreolos
                 emittente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lathyri
                 species
                 quae
                 Ervilia
                 sylvestris
                 Dodonaeo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 propè
                 Liburnum
                 portum
                 .
              
               
                 Olea
                 sativa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 territorio
                 Lucae
                 
                 urbis
                 .
                 In
                 Gallo-provincia
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 copiosissimé
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Oleae
                 vires
                 &
                 usus
                 explicare
                 nimis
                 prolixum
                 foret
                 &
                 perdissicile
                 .
                 Sic
                 breviter
                 Schroderus
                 .
                 Folia
                 refrigerant
                 ,
                 exiccant
                 &
                 astringunt
                 .
                 Usus
                 externus
                 &
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 fluxu
                 alvi
                 ,
                 mensium
                 ,
                 in
                 herpetibus
                 &
                 sim
                 ,
                 Fructus
                 immaturi
                 exiccant
                 &
                 astringunt
                 ,
                 praesertim
                 sylvestres
                 .
                 
                   Olivae
                   conditae
                
                 excitant
                 appetitum
                 ,
                 movent
                 alvum
                 ,
                 humentem
                 ventriculum
                 exiccant
                 &
                 confortant
                 .
                 Condiuntur
                 a.
                 antequam
                 plané
                 maturuerint
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Oleum
                 quod
                 exprimitur
                 ex
                 olivis
                 maturis
                 calfacit
                 &
                 humectat
                 moderaté
                 (
                 N.
                 vetus
                 calidius
                 est
                 recenti
                 )
                 emollit
                 digerit
                 ,
                 vulnerararium
                 est
                 ,
                 alvum
                 laxat
                 (
                 cum
                 cerevisia
                 calida
                 assumptum
                 ℥
                 i
                 )
                 ariditatem
                 pectoris
                 corrigit
                 ,
                 tormina
                 ventris
                 mitigat
                 ,
                 meatus
                 urinarios
                 laxat
                 ,
                 erosos
                 abstergit
                 &
                 consolidat
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 creberrimi
                 usûs
                 est
                 in
                 clystersbus
                 ,
                 tumoribus
                 calidis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Cum
                 aqua
                 tepida
                 assumptum
                 movet
                 vomitum
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Oleo
                 quidem
                 non
                 Apes
                 tantùm
                 sed
                 &
                 omnia
                 insecta
                 exanimantur
                 
                   Plin.
                   lib.
                
                 11.
                 cap.
                 19.
                 quod
                 Cl.
                 Vir
                 
                   M.
                   Malpighius
                
                 in
                 Bombyce
                 aliísque
                 experiendo
                 verum
                 invenit
                 .
                 Ratio
                 est
                 ,
                 quia
                 oleum
                 meatus
                 Spiritûs
                 ,
                 seu
                 poros
                 quibus
                 aer
                 attrahitur
                 &
                 redditur
                 obstruit
                 ,
                 ob
                 cujus
                 defectum
                 animalculum
                 illicò
                 moritur
                 .
                 Nec
                 enim
                 minimis
                 hisce
                 insectis
                 respiratio
                 minùs
                 necessaria
                 est
                 ad
                 vitam
                 quàm
                 majoribus
                 &
                 perfectioribus
                 animalibus
                 :
                 saltem
                 sine
                 aeris
                 beneficio
                 diu
                 movere
                 &
                 vivere
                 non
                 possunt
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Oleum
                 picem
                 è
                 pannis
                 extrahit
                 ,
                 quod
                 aqua
                 non
                 facit
                 .
                 Vulgatum
                 est
                 ,
                 (
                 inquit
                 Sennertus
                 )
                 ut
                 siquis
                 manum
                 pice
                 inquinet
                 ,
                 eam
                 aquâ
                 non
                 mundet
                 sed
                 oleo
                 aliquo
                 aut
                 pinguedine
                 ,
                 quae
                 picem
                 liquefacíat
                 .
                 Hypomn.
                 1.
                 cap.
                 5.
                 
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Scribit
                 F.
                 Licetus
                 ,
                 se
                 vidisse
                 Rechi
                 in
                 horto
                 patrui
                 sui
                 stipitem
                 oleae
                 sativae
                 aridum
                 ferè
                 ac
                 levem
                 ,
                 per
                 decennium
                 &
                 ultra
                 à
                 trunco
                 separatum
                 ,
                 neque
                 posthac
                 unquam
                 terrae
                 implantatum
                 ,
                 ad
                 alterius
                 ligni
                 fulcrum
                 in
                 terram
                 demissum
                 ,
                 &
                 ligno
                 cui
                 fulcimentum
                 praestabat
                 clavis
                 ferreis
                 affixum
                 ,
                 pullulâsse
                 ,
                 germinâsséque
                 eodem
                 anno
                 ,
                 plures
                 olivarum
                 novellas
                 foliis
                 &
                 fructibus
                 onustas
                 ,
                 atque
                 in
                 posterum
                 etiam
                 per
                 plures
                 annos
                 protulisse
                 ,
                 
                   Sennert
                   .
                   Hypomn.
                
                 5.
                 cap.
                 7.
                 
                 Unde
                 abundè
                 confirmatur
                 illud
                 Poetae
                 ,
                 
                   Truditur
                   è
                   sicco
                   radix
                   oleagina
                   ligno
                   .
                
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 In
                 Hispania
                 oleas
                 admotis
                 scalis
                 manu
                 legunt
                 ,
                 &
                 non
                 decutiunt
                 ut
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ;
                 ne
                 sc
                 .
                 sequentis
                 anni
                 spem
                 decussis
                 germinibus
                 praeripiant
                 .
                 Vehementer
                 enim
                 laborant
                 percussae
                 &
                 detrimentum
                 capiunt
                 .
                 Clus
                 .
              
               
               
                 7.
                 
                 Olivae
                 qúamvis
                 per
                 maturitatem
                 nigrae
                 sunt
                 ,
                 sapore
                 quoque
                 acri
                 ,
                 amaro
                 &
                 nescio
                 quid
                 nauseosi
                 admixtum
                 habente
                 ;
                 oleum
                 tamen
                 quod
                 indè
                 exprimitur
                 ferè
                 pellucidum
                 est
                 ,
                 nonnihil
                 flavicans
                 ,
                 sapore
                 dulci
                 &
                 grato
                 ,
                 unde
                 patet
                 saporem
                 hunc
                 &
                 odorem
                 parti
                 aqueae
                 seu
                 amurcae
                 inhaerere
                 .
                 Laudatissimum
                 autem
                 apud
                 nos
                 habetur
                 oleum
                 ,
                 quod
                 coloris
                 omnis
                 &
                 saporis
                 maximè
                 expers
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Oleander
                 flore
                 rubro
                 Park
                 .
                 Nerium
                 sive
                 Oleander
                 Ger.
                 Nerium
                 sive
                 Rhododendron
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Nerion
                 floribus
                 rubescentibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ad
                 aquarum
                 rivulos
                 in
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Aetnae
                 .
              
               
                 Onobrychis
                 spicata
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 flo
                 .
                 purpureo
                 Ger.
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 loco
                 quodam
                 glareoso
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Vienna
                 Austriae
                 .
              
               
                 Onobrychis
                 vulgris
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 fructu
                 echinato
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 radices
                 Vesuvii
                 montis
                 &
                 in
                 insula
                 saepiùs
                 memorata
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Pachynum
                 .
                 Flos
                 hujus
                 purpureus
                 est
                 &
                 minor
                 quám
                 vulgaris
                 ;
                 fructus
                 a.
                 echinatus
                 major
                 .
              
               
                 Onobrychis
                 arvensis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Speculum
                 Veneris
                 .
              
               
                 Onobrychis
                 semine
                 clypeato
                 aspero
                 v.
                 Hedysarum
                 clypeatum
                 .
              
               
                 Opuntia
                 marina
                 Park
                 .
                 Scutellaria
                 sive
                 Opuntia
                 marina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lichen
                 marinus
                 rotundifolius
                 Ger.
                 Fucus
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Sertolara
                 Imper.
                 In
                 maris
                 litora
                 rejectam
                 collegimus
                 ad
                 
                   Punto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 ,
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Castello
                 Puzallu
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Orchis
                 galeâ
                 &
                 alis
                 ferè
                 cinereis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cynosorchis
                 latifolia
                 hiante
                 cucullo
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Cynosorchis
                 altera
                 
                   Dod.
                   de
                   floribus
                
                 ,
                 ubi
                 bona
                 ejus
                 habetur
                 descriptio
                 .
                 Cynosorchis
                 major
                 altera
                 Ger.
                 latifolia
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 ad
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 .
                 Aprili
                 &
                 Maio
                 mensibus
                 floret
                 .
                 Hanc
                 non
                 ità
                 pridem
                 in
                 Anglia
                 sponte
                 natam
                 observavimus
                 .
                 V.
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Orchis
                 anthropophora
                 flore
                 fusco
                 .
                 In
                 marginibus
                 agrorum
                 quorundam
                 propè
                 ripas
                 Rhodani
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Geneva
                 .
              
               
                 Orchis
                 macrophyllos
                 Columnae
                 Park
                 .
                 Orchis
                 sive
                 Testiculus
                 maximo
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Orchis
                 montana
                 Italica
                 flore
                 ferrugineo
                 ,
                 linguâ
                 oblongâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Per
                 totam
                 fere
                 Italiam
                 ad
                 mare
                 inferum
                 ,
                 vidimus
                 enim
                 Massae
                 ,
                 Liburni
                 ,
                 Neapoli
                 in
                 pascuis
                 siccioribus
                 .
              
               
                 Orchis
                 magna
                 ,
                 latis
                 foliis
                 ,
                 galeâ
                 suscâ
                 vel
                 nigricante
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 .
                 Thyrsus
                 florum
                 speciosus
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Orchis
                 strateumatica
                 minor
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cynosorchis
                 militaris
                 
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 pascuis
                 ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 .
              
               
                 Orchis
                 rotunda
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cynosorchis
                 capitulo
                 globoso
                 Park
                 .
                 Cyn.
                 milit
                 .
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 globoso
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 summitatibus
                 Jurae
                 montis
                 .
              
               
                 Orchis
                 palmata
                 minor
                 odoratissima
                 purpurea
                 sive
                 nigra
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 palmata
                 XXI
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 angustifolia
                 nigro
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 palmat
                 .
                 augustifolia
                 minor
                 odoratissima
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 herbidis
                 jugis
                 &
                 pascuis
                 montium
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Orchis
                 foetida
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 odore
                 hirci
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Tragorchis
                 foemina
                 Ger.
                 minor
                 &
                 verior
                 Park
                 .
                 Tragorchis
                 minor
                 flore
                 fuliginoso
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pascuis
                 quibusdam
                 non
                 longe
                 à
                 Geneva
                 .
              
               
                 Oreoselinum
                 v.
                 Apium
                 montanum
                 nigrum
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Ornithogalum
                 luteum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Dod.
                
                 luteum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Caepe
                 agraria
                 Ger.
                 Bulbus
                 sylvestris
                 Fuchsii
                 flore
                 luteo
                 ,
                 sive
                 Ornithogalum
                 luteum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agro
                 Pedemontano
                 ad
                 sepes
                 &
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Helvetia
                 .
              
               
                 Ornithogalum
                 spicatum
                 Ger.
                 spic
                 .
                 flore
                 albo
                 Monspessulanum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 majus
                 spicatum
                 flo
                 .
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Pachynum
                 ,
                 atque
                 etiam
                 Monspelii
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 Ornithogalum
                 vulgare
                 Ger.
                 vulgare
                 &
                 verius
                 ,
                 majus
                 &
                 minus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 umbellatum
                 medium
                 angustifolium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Lombardia
                 ,
                 Pedemontio
                 ,
                 &
                 agro
                 Lucensi
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 Ornithogalum
                 spicatum
                 flore
                 virente
                 v.
                 Asphodelus
                 .
              
               
                 Ornithopodio
                 similis
                 hirsuta
                 Scorpioides
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Scorpioides
                 leguminosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Dod.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 Siciliae
                 &
                 Neapolin
                 ltaliae
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Orobanche
                 ramosa
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 purpureis
                 floribus
                 ,
                 sive
                 ramosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arvis
                 demessa
                 segete
                 primò
                 circa
                 Ratisponam
                 in
                 Germania
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 posteà
                 etiam
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 Orobus
                 receptus
                 herbariorum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 vulgaris
                 herbariorum
                 Park
                 .
                 siliquis
                 articulatis
                 ,
                 semine
                 majore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Orobus
                 sive
                 ●rvum
                 multis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Orobus
                 sylvaticus
                 purpureus
                 vernus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pannonicus
                 1
                 Clus
                 .
                 sylvaticus
                 purpureus
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 sylvat
                 .
                 vernus
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 Galega
                 nemorensis
                 verna
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 dumetis
                 
                   à
                   la
                   Bastie
                
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 inque
                 Germaniae
                 &
                 Helvetiae
                 sylvis
                 srequens
                 .
              
               
                 Orobus
                 sylvaticus
                 Viciae
                 foliis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pannonicus
                 2
                 Clus
                 .
                 Astragaloides
                 Ger.
                 Astrag
                 .
                 herbariorum
                 Park
                 .
                 Astragalus
                 
                 major
                 Fuchsio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Abundat
                 in
                 colle
                 
                   La
                   Bastie
                
                 ,
                 ad
                 ripas
                 Rhodani
                 &
                 in
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 sylvosis
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 :
                 in
                 Germania
                 quoque
                 non
                 admodum
                 rarus
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Oryza
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Italica
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 IN
                 It●●sae
                 palustribus
                 Ferrariam
                 inter
                 &
                 Bononiam
                 satam
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 In
                 cibis
                 admodum
                 est
                 familiaris
                 ,
                 gratissimi
                 saporis
                 ;
                 multùm
                 nutrit
                 &
                 semen
                 auget
                 :
                 v●●ùm
                 obstruentis
                 naturae
                 est
                 &
                 alvum
                 len●ter
                 adstringit●
                 Proinde
                 datur
                 in
                 cibis
                 utiliter
                 dysentericis
                 ,
                 coeliacis
                 &
                 diarrhoeâ
                 affectis
                 :
                 Oryzâ
                 nunc
                 dierum
                 vescitur
                 (
                 ●
                 Americanos
                 excipias
                 )
                 humani
                 generis
                 pars
                 maxima
                 ,
                 Turcae
                 ,
                 Persae
                 ,
                 Iudi
                 ,
                 Africani
                 ,
                 Sinenses
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Oxalis
                 maxima
                 sylvatica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Acetosa
                 montana
                 maxima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Acetosa
                 max.
                 Germanica
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 monte
                 Thuiri
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Oxyacantha
                 Theophrasti
                 
                   Ger.
                   v.
                
                 Pyracantha
                 .
              
               
                 Oxys
                 lutea
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 lutea
                 corniculata
                 repens
                 Lob.
                 luteo
                 flore
                 Park
                 .
                 Trifolium
                 acerosum
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 corniculatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 umbrosis
                 praesertim
                 ,
                 ubique
                 ferè
                 obvium
                 .
              
               
                 Oxycedrus
                 v.
                 Cedrus
                 Lycia
                 retusa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Juniperus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 P
              
               
                 PAliurus
                 
                   Lod.
                   Dod.
                   Ger.
                
                 Paliurus
                 sive
                 Rhamnus
                 3
                 Dioscoridis
                 Park
                 .
                 Rhamnus
                 sive
                 Paliurus
                 folio
                 Jujubino
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Rhamnus
                 folio
                 subrotundo
                 ,
                 fructu
                 compresso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sepibus
                 circa
                 Veronam
                 ,
                 Bergamum
                 ,
                 Romam
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 necnon
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Palma
                 sive
                 Manus
                 marina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Urtica
                 marina
                 X
                 ,
                 sive
                 Manus
                 marina
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Habuimus
                 ex
                 sinu
                 Adriatico
                 ,
                 &
                 mari
                 infero
                 circa
                 Romam
                 .
              
               
                 Palma
                 humilis
                 v.
                 Chamaerrhiphes
                 .
              
               
                 Palma
                 Christi
                 v.
                 Ricinus
                 .
              
               
                 Panax
                 Herculeum
                 majus
                 Ger.
                 pastinacae
                 folio
                 ,
                 an
                 Syriacum
                 Theophrasti
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Heracleum
                 alterum
                 sive
                 peregrinum
                 Dodonaei
                 Park
                 .
                 Sphondylio
                 ,
                 vel
                 potiùs
                 Pastinacae
                 Germanicae
                 affinis
                 ,
                 Panax
                 ,
                 vel
                 Pseudo-costus
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 castello
                 Puzallu
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Ex
                 hujus
                 vulnerato
                 circa
                 radicem
                 caule
                 succus
                 aestivis
                 mensibus
                 manat
                 aestate
                 fervida
                 ,
                 etiam
                 in
                 Belgio
                 .
                 Dod.
                 In
                 Opopanacis
                 grumis
                 reperta
                 semina
                 in
                 Belgio
                 sata
                 hanc
                 plantam
                 produxere
                 .
                 
                   C.
                   Hoffman
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 Pancratium
                 Lob.
                 marinum
                 Ger.
                 Monspessulanum
                 ,
                 multis
                 Scylla
                 alba
                 parva
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Narcissus
                 maritimus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 arenoso
                 maris
                 litore
                 prope
                 Neapolin
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Post
                 solstitium
                 aestivum
                 floret
                 .
              
               
                 Panicum
                 sylvestre
                 v.
                 Gramen
                 paniceum
                 .
              
               
                 Paronychia
                 sive
                 Alsinefolia
                 incana
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Anthyllis
                 imaritima
                 incana
                 Park
                 .
                 marit
                 .
                 Alsinefolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 marina
                 incana
                 Alsinefolia
                 Ger.
                 In
                 vineis
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Passerina
                 Lobelii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 P.
                 Linariae
                 folio
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 Lithospermum
                 Linariae
                 folio
                 Monspeliense
                 Park
                 .
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 Linariae
                 folio
                 Monspeliacum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 proceriorem
                 observavimus
                 .
              
               
                 Passerina
                 Tragi
                 
                   J.
                   B
                
                 Pas
                 .
                 altera
                 Ger.
                 Lithospermum
                 Linariae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lithospermum
                 Germanicum
                 ,
                 Passerina
                 Tragi
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 arvis
                 demessa
                 segeta
                 circa
                 Basileam
                 ,
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Pastinaca
                 marina
                 
                   Lob.
                   v.
                
                 Ctithmum
                 .
              
               
                 Pedicularis
                 Alpina
                 lutea
                 .
                 
                   Yellow
                   mountain
                   Louse-wort
                   ,
                   Rattle
                   or
                   Cocks-comb
                   .
                
                 In
                 altissimis
                 montibus
                 maximum
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobium
                 cingentibus
                 .
              
               
                 Peganium
                 Narbonensium
                 
                   Lob.
                   v.
                
                 Ruta
                 sylvestris
                 minima
                 .
              
               
                 Pontaphyllum
                 sive
                 potius
                 Heptaphyllum
                 argenteum
                 flore
                 muscoso
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alchimilla
                 Alpina
                 quinquefolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 quinquefolia
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 monte
                 Jura
                 &
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Sabaudici
                 ,
                 copiosé
                 .
                 De
                 hac
                 planta
                 
                   v.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Pentaphyllum
                 v.
                 Quinquefolium
                 .
              
               
                 Peplus
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 prope
                 Ladum
                 Monspelia
                 cum
                 amnem
                 non
                 longe
                 à
                 Castelneuf
                 .
              
               
                 Perfoliatum
                 angustifolium
                 montanum
                 Col.
                 Perfoliata
                 minor
                 angustifolia
                 ,
                 Bupleuri
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Perf.
                 angustif
                 .
                 Alpina
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 Auriculae
                 Leporis
                 affinis
                 ,
                 Odontitis
                 lutea
                 Valerandi
                 ac
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 quibusdam
                 Siciliae
                 sterilioribus
                 prope
                 
                   Punto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 ,
                 non
                 procul
                 Puzallu
                 vico
                 .
              
               
                 Perfoliata
                 minor
                 foliis
                 gramineis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 P.
                 Alpina
                 gramineo
                 folio
                 ,
                 sive
                 Bupleuron
                 angustifolium
                 Alpinum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Perfoliata
                 Alpina
                 angustifolia
                 minima
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 summis
                 montibus
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 vicinis
                 .
                 Icon
                 Ponae
                 ,
                 quam
                 proponit
                 Parkinsonus
                 sub
                 titulo
                 Bupleuri
                 angustifolii
                 Alpini
                 ;
                 Gerardus
                 sub
                 tit
                 .
                 Sedi
                 petraei
                 Bupleuri
                 folio
                 ,
                 huic
                 nostrae
                 plantae
                 non
                 bene
                 convenit
                 .
              
               
                 Periclymenum
                 perfoliatum
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 perfoliatum
                 calidarum
                 regionum
                 Lob.
                 perfoliatum
                 sive
                 Italicum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
               
                 Periclymenum
                 rectum
                 fructu
                 rubro
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 rectum
                 Germanicum
                 Ger.
                 Chamaecerasus
                 dumetorum
                 fructu
                 gemino
                 rubro
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 ad
                 sepes
                 &
                 in
                 dumetis
                 vulgatissimum
                 .
              
               
                 Periclymenum
                 rectum
                 fructu
                 nigro
                 Park
                 .
                 rect
                 .
                 ●ructu
                 gemino
                 nigro
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaecerasus
                 Alpina
                 fructu
                 nigro
                 gemino
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 juxta
                 Sacellum
                 Brunonis
                 ,
                 
                   à
                   la
                   grand
                   Chartruse
                
                 .
              
               
                 Periclymenum
                 rectum
                 fructu
                 rubro
                 Ger.
                 fructu
                 rubro
                 singulari
                 majore
                 Park
                 .
                 sed
                 perperàm
                 ,
                 nam
                 semper
                 geminum
                 habet
                 .
                 Chamaecerasus
                 Alpina
                 fructu
                 rubro
                 gemino
                 ,
                 duobus
                 punctis
                 notato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chamaecerasus
                 Gesneri
                 ,
                 seu
                 Chamaepericlymenum
                 quoddam
                 Alpinum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Saleve
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Petasites
                 albus
                 anguloso
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 declivibus
                 montium
                 quos
                 transivimus
                 eundo
                 à
                 Gavia
                 ad
                 Genuam
                 .
              
               
                 Peucedanum
                 majus
                 Ger.
                 majus
                 Italicum
                 
                   Lob.
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                   .
                
                 In
                 lingula
                 illa
                 Portum
                 Messanensem
                 à
                 Freto
                 Siculo
                 dirimente
                 .
              
               
                 Phalangium
                 pulchrius
                 non
                 ramosum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Phalangium
                 flore
                 Lilii
                 ejusdem
                 ?
                 Phalangium
                 I
                 ,
                 sive
                 magno
                 flore
                 ,
                 &
                 fortè
                 etiam
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 parvo
                 flore
                 non
                 ramosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Phalangium
                 non
                 ramosum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 monte
                 Sabaudiae
                 Genevae
                 vicino
                 ,
                 Saleve
                 dicto
                 .
              
               
                 Phalangium
                 parvo
                 flore
                 ramosius
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 parvo
                 flore
                 ramosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ramosum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Circa
                 Francefurtum
                 ,
                 Basileam
                 ,
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 collibus
                 ,
                 pascuis
                 montosis
                 &
                 ericetis
                 .
              
               
                 Phalangium
                 Cretae
                 Salonensis
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Asphodelus
                 VII
                 ,
                 sive
                 foliis
                 fistulosis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minor
                 foliis
                 fistulosis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 campis
                 lapideis
                 seu
                 Salonensi
                 Creta
                 vulgò
                 
                   The
                   Craux
                
                 ,
                 inter
                 Arelaten
                 urbem
                 &
                 oppidum
                 Salonam
                 copiosissimé
                 .
              
               
                 Phalaris
                 semine
                 nigro
                 Park
                 .
                 major
                 semine
                 nigro
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 ;
                 Baias
                 &
                 Neapolin
                 in
                 Italia
                 ;
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
                 Ab
                 hac
                 non
                 differre
                 suspicor
                 Gramen
                 phalaroides
                 majus
                 sive
                 Italicum
                 
                   C
                   B.
                
                 Grana
                 hujus
                 minora
                 sunt
                 quàm
                 Phalaridis
                 vulgaris
                 .
                 garis
                 .
              
               
                 Phillyrea
                 serrata
                 2
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 &
                 Phillyrea
                 latisolia
                 spinosa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 seu
                 1
                 Clusii
                 .
                 Phillyrea
                 folio
                 Alaterni
                 ,
                 &
                 Phillyrea
                 folio
                 Ilicis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Phillyrea
                 latifolia
                 aculeata
                 ,
                 &
                 Ph.
                 folio
                 lato
                 serrato
                 Park
                 .
                 Existimo
                 enim
                 has
                 duas
                 non
                 differre
                 specie
                 .
                 In
                 Etruria
                 copiosissime
                 .
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 praeruptis
                 clivis
                 non
                 longè
                 á
                 specu
                 Frontignana
                 ;
                 ad
                 montem
                 Lupi
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
               
                 Phillyrea
                 angustifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Lob.
                
                 angustifolia
                 prima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 angustifolia
                 secunda
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Etruria
                 abundè
                 ,
                 necnon
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Phillyrea
                 latiusc●lo
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 latiore
                 folio
                 Ger.
                 angustisolia
                 prima
                 Park
                 .
                 Phil.
                 4
                 ,
                 sive
                 folio
                 Ligustri
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Etruria
                 inter
                 Massam
                 &
                 Lucam
                 ;
                 item
                 in
                 Provincia
                 Gallica
                 .
                 Haec
                 fortè
                 non
                 differt
                 specie
                 á
                 priore
                 ,
                 nam
                 in
                 hujus
                 plantae
                 ,
                 ut
                 &
                 Alaterni
                 ,
                 foliorum
                 figurâ
                 ,
                 magnitudine
                 ,
                 colore
                 ,
                 incisuris
                 mirè
                 ludit
                 natura
                 .
              
               
                 Phthora
                 v.
                 Thora
                 .
              
               
                 Phyllon
                 marificum
                 &
                 foeminificum
                 Park
                 .
                 arrhenogonon
                 &
                 thelygonon
                 folio
                 incano
                 Monspessulanum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Phyllon
                 testiculatum
                 ,
                 &
                 Phyllon
                 spicatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Phyl.
                 arrhenogonon
                 sive
                 marificum
                 ,
                 &
                 Phyl.
                 thelygonon
                 sive
                 foeminificum
                 Ger.
                 In
                 aggeribus
                 fossarum
                 &
                 viis
                 publicis
                 Monspelii
                 ,
                 praesertim
                 prope
                 aquas
                 .
              
               
                 Phyteuma
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   Lob.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Resedae
                 affinis
                 Phyteuma
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Res
                 .
                 aff
                 .
                 Phyteuma
                 Monspeliensium
                 dicta
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 passim
                 ;
                 in
                 Italia
                 quoque
                 circa
                 Romam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 omnino
                 Resedis
                 annumeranda
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Picea
                 Latinorum
                 v.
                 Abies
                 mas
                 Theophrasti
                 .
              
               
                 Pilosella
                 minor
                 folio
                 angustipre
                 minùs
                 piloso
                 repens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 repens
                 minùs
                 hirsuta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pascuis
                 &
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Pilosella
                 minore
                 flore
                 hirsutior
                 &
                 elatior
                 non
                 repens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Pil.
                 major
                 erecta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 major
                 Ger.
                 altera
                 erecta
                 Park
                 .
                 Et
                 hanc
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 inveni
                 .
              
               
                 Pilosella
                 sive
                 Pulmonaria
                 lutea
                 angustiori
                 folio
                 ,
                 valdè
                 pilosa
                 altera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Saleva
                 Genevae
                 propinquo
                 .
              
               
                 Pilosellae
                 majoris
                 seu
                 Pulmonariae
                 luteae
                 laciniatae
                 species
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 praedicto
                 monte
                 Saleva
                 ,
                 in
                 rupium
                 fissuris
                 .
              
               
                 Pinaster
                 ,
                 sive
                 Pinus
                 sylvestris
                 Hispanicus
                 major
                 
                   Clus
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Pinus
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 maritima
                 altera
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ab
                 hoc
                 non
                 differt
                 specie
                 ,
                 ipso
                 Clusio
                 monente
                 ,
                 Pinaster
                 Austriacus
                 major
                 albus
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Pinus
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 sylvest
                 .
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Parkinsonus
                 &
                 Gerardus
                 in
                 hac
                 arbore
                 mihi
                 non
                 satisfaciunt
                 .
                 Habet
                 a.
                 folia
                 longa
                 ,
                 in
                 viriditate
                 nigricantia
                 ;
                 conos
                 oblongos
                 ,
                 turbinatos
                 ,
                 ramorum
                 alas
                 spectantes
                 &
                 reflexos
                 ,
                 nucleis
                 parvis
                 ,
                 nec
                 mali
                 vulgaris
                 nucleis
                 multò
                 majoribus
                 ,
                 quibus
                 &
                 figurâ
                 suâ
                 accedunt
                 .
                 Habetur
                 in
                 viridariis
                 nostris
                 in
                 Anglia
                 frequens
                 ;
                 nonnullis
                 
                   The
                   mountain
                   Pine
                
                 dicta
                 :
                 ubi
                 (
                 ut
                 recté
                 Ciusius
                 )
                 in
                 Pini
                 sat
                 .
                 altitudinem
                 excrescit
                 .
                 Provenit
                 ,
                 autore
                 Clusio
                 ,
                 in
                 Aquitania
                 &
                 Pyrenaeis
                 frequentissimè
                 ;
                 quod
                 &
                 
                   D.
                   Willughby
                
                 
                 nobis
                 confirmavit
                 ;
                 &
                 plurimam
                 Resinam
                 fundit
                 ;
                 est
                 etiam
                 in
                 Suevia
                 ,
                 Bavaria
                 ,
                 Austria
                 ,
                 &c.
                 passim
                 obvia
                 .
                 Suspicatur
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 non
                 differre
                 hanc
                 à
                 Pinu
                 sua
                 sylvestri
                 &
                 Taeda
                 .
              
               
                 Pinaster
                 alter
                 Hispanicus
                 vel
                 minor
                 Hispanicus
                 Clus
                 .
                 Pinus
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 maritima
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sylvestris
                 sterilis
                 elatior
                 Park
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 maritima
                 conis
                 firmiter
                 ramis
                 adhaerentibus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 .
                 Hujus
                 folia
                 breviora
                 sunt
                 &
                 magis
                 glauca
                 quám
                 praecedentis
                 ,
                 coni
                 minores
                 .
                 Hortulanis
                 nostris
                 perperam
                 
                   the
                   Scotch-Firre
                
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Abies
                 Scotica
                 dicitur
                 .
              
               
                 Pinus
                 sativa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sativa
                 siva
                 domestica
                 Ger.
                 urbana
                 sive
                 domestica
                 Park
                 .
                 assiculis
                 duris
                 ,
                 foliis
                 longis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 &
                 Italia
                 :
                 copiosissimè
                 autem
                 propè
                 Ravennam
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Haec
                 arbor
                 vulnerata
                 Resinam
                 fundit
                 liquidam
                 ,
                 quae
                 postea
                 coquendo
                 fit
                 arida
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Pix
                 liquida
                 seu
                 navalis
                 è
                 Pinu
                 vi
                 ignis
                 excoquitur
                 hoc
                 modo
                 .
                 Pinuum
                 vetustarum
                 stipites
                 pingues
                 &
                 Resinâ
                 adeò
                 praegnantes
                 ut
                 accensi
                 instar
                 facis
                 ardeant
                 ,
                 (
                 hujusmodi
                 arbores
                 Antiqui
                 taedas
                 appellant
                 )
                 assulatim
                 caesos
                 super
                 area
                 seu
                 pavimento
                 è
                 luto
                 usto
                 aut
                 lapidibus
                 anteà
                 praeparato
                 ,
                 &
                 à
                 centro
                 undique
                 ad
                 circumferentiam
                 paulatim
                 declivi
                 ,
                 in
                 strues
                 aut
                 acervos
                 componunt
                 ,
                 iis
                 similes
                 quos
                 extruunt
                 qui
                 carbones
                 faciunt
                 .
                 Strues
                 hasce
                 ramulis
                 faginis
                 pinessve
                 circumcirca
                 contegunt
                 ,
                 &
                 deinde
                 pulvere
                 aut
                 luto
                 superimposito
                 curiosè
                 loricant
                 ,
                 ne
                 quà
                 fumus
                 aut
                 flamma
                 exire
                 possit
                 .
                 Ignem
                 postea
                 desuper
                 accendunt
                 ,
                 quemadmodum
                 carbonarii
                 solent
                 ,
                 qui
                 liquorem
                 ligni
                 oleosum
                 inferiùs
                 subsidere
                 ad
                 ima
                 compellit
                 .
                 Is
                 autem
                 ob
                 pavimenti
                 declivitatem
                 ,
                 in
                 canalem
                 ,
                 (
                 qui
                 acervum
                 undique
                 coronae
                 instar
                 cingit
                 )
                 prompte
                 delabitur
                 ,
                 indéque
                 per
                 alios
                 ductus
                 in
                 foveas
                 aut
                 vasa
                 ei
                 recipiendo
                 destinata
                 ,
                 derivatur
                 .
                 Ex
                 hoc
                 in
                 cortinas
                 injecto
                 ,
                 &
                 tandiu
                 decocto
                 donec
                 humor
                 omnis
                 absumatur
                 ,
                 sit
                 Pix
                 arida
                 &
                 rasilis
                 ,
                 Graecis
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 dicta
                 .
                 Nostrates
                 Picem
                 liquidam
                 Tarre
                 vocant
                 ;
                 siccam
                 verò
                 seu
                 aridam
                 Pitch
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Pini
                 cujuscunque
                 cortices
                 &
                 folia
                 refrigerant
                 &
                 astringunt
                 ,
                 undè
                 in
                 dysenteria
                 &
                 fluore
                 mensium
                 prosunt
                 .
                 Nuces
                 pineae
                 caliditate
                 temperatae
                 sunt
                 &
                 humidae
                 ,
                 maturant
                 ,
                 leniunt
                 ,
                 impinguant
                 .
                 Nuclei
                 saporis
                 sunt
                 delicatissimi
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 Italia
                 mensis
                 secundis
                 adjiciuntur
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 phthisi
                 (
                 quia
                 nutriunt
                 bene
                 )
                 tussi
                 ,
                 stranguria
                 ac
                 acrimonia
                 urinae
                 ,
                 quam
                 mitigant
                 :
                 Segnem
                 excitant
                 Venerem
                 ,
                 ulcera
                 renum
                 mundificant
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
               
                 4.
                 
                 Decoctum
                 aut
                 infusum
                 summitatum
                 Pinûs
                 in
                 cerevisia
                 alióve
                 idoneo
                 liquore
                 ad
                 calculum
                 renum
                 &
                 vesicae
                 plurimùm
                 valere
                 creditur
                 ,
                 necnon
                 ad
                 scorbutum
                 aliósque
                 thoracis
                 affectus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Resina
                 omnis
                 confert
                 praecipuè
                 tussi
                 aliísque
                 pulmonum
                 affectibus
                 (
                 cum
                 melle
                 )
                 urinae
                 ac
                 alvo
                 ciendae
                 ;
                 calculum
                 pellit
                 ,
                 arthriticos
                 affectus
                 juvat
                 ,
                 gonorrhoeam
                 sistit
                 .
                 Extrinsecûs
                 Chirurgis
                 usitatissima
                 est
                 in
                 emplastris
                 ;
                 movet
                 enim
                 pus
                 ,
                 maturat
                 ,
                 &
                 scabiei
                 medetur
                 .
                 Sunt
                 qui
                 Terebenthinam
                 vulgarem
                 (
                 est
                 autem
                 ea
                 laricis
                 resina
                 )
                 in
                 cerevisia
                 infundunt
                 ,
                 atque
                 simul
                 defervere
                 sinunt
                 ,
                 pro
                 potu
                 ordinario
                 in
                 praeservatione
                 calculi
                 viscerúmque
                 obstructionibus
                 .
              
               
                 Plantago
                 quinquenervia
                 cum
                 globulis
                 albis
                 pilosis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 angustifolia
                 VIII
                 ,
                 sive
                 paniculis
                 Lagopi
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 angustrfolia
                 paniculis
                 Lagopi
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 .
                 Habetur
                 quoque
                 Monspelii
                 &
                 Nemausi
                 .
              
               
                 Plantago
                 angustifolia
                 Alpina
                 J.
                 B.
                 Holosteum
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 hirsutum
                 nigrans
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
                 Plumbago
                 Plinii
                 Ger.
                 Dentilaria
                 Rondelerii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lepidium
                 Dentellaria
                 dictum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lep.
                 Monspeliacum
                 ,
                 Dentellaria
                 dictum
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Syracusas
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Romam
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 Polemonium
                 sive
                 Trifolium
                 fruticans
                 Ger.
                 Polem
                 .
                 sive
                 Trif
                 .
                 frut
                 .
                 vel
                 Jasminum
                 luteum
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 Trifolium
                 fruticans
                 ,
                 quibuldam
                 Polemonium
                 ,
                 slore
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Jasminum
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 luteum
                 vulgò
                 dictum
                 ,
                 bacciferum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sepibus
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ;
                 vidimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Regno
                 Neapolitano
                 propè
                 Scaleam
                 .
              
               
                 Polium
                 montanum
                 album
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 Monspessulanum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 P.
                 Mont.
                 Monspeliacum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
                 C.
                 Bauhinus
                 male
                 ,
                 meo
                 quidem
                 judicio
                 ,
                 distinguit
                 inter
                 Polium
                 montanum
                 album
                 &
                 P.
                 maritinum
                 erectum
                 Monspelia
                 cum
                 ,
                 cùm
                 una
                 &
                 eadem
                 planta
                 sint
                 .
              
               
                 Polium
                 montanum
                 Lavendulae
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 montanum
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 Lavendulae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pol.
                 Lavandulae
                 folio
                 ,
                 flore
                 albo
                 Ger.
                 In
                 montosis
                 circa
                 Basileam
                 ,
                 Genevam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Polium
                 cùm
                 acre
                 sit
                 &
                 amarum
                 ,
                 urinam
                 &
                 menses
                 ciet
                 ,
                 venenatis
                 morsibus
                 auxiliatur
                 ,
                 Hydropicos
                 &
                 ictericos
                 juvat
                 ,
                 secundùm
                 veteres
                 .
                 Theriacam
                 &
                 Mithridatium
                 ingreditur
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Polygonatum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 latifolium
                 vulgare
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Polyg
                 .
                 vulgo
                 Sigillum
                 Solomonis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Belgio
                 ,
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 &
                 Italia
                 ,
                 in
                 saxosis
                 &
                 ad
                 sepes
                 ubique
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 in
                 Angliae
                 Australibus
                 sponte
                 provenit
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 †
                 Polygonarum
                 floribus
                 ex
                 singularibus
                 pediculis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 latifolium
                 
                 2
                 Clus
                 .
                 latifolium
                 IV
                 ,
                 flore
                 majore
                 odoro
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 majus
                 flore
                 majore
                 Park
                 .
                 latifolium
                 2
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 In
                 rupibus
                 montis
                 Saleve
                 .
                 Et
                 haec
                 Angliae
                 indigena
                 est
                 .
                 V.
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 
              
               
                 Polygonatum
                 minus
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 angustifolium
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 angustifolium
                 non
                 ramosum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 circa
                 Spadam
                 oppidulum
                 acidulis
                 celebre
                 copiosissimé
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 &
                 in
                 sylvosis
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 .
              
               
                 Polygonum
                 montanum
                 niveum
                 Park
                 .
                 montanum
                 Ger.
                 minus
                 candicans
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Paronychia
                 Hispanica
                 Clusii
                 sive
                 Anthyllis
                 nivea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   White
                   Mountain
                   Knotgrass
                
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Polygonum
                 vel
                 Linifolia
                 per
                 terram
                 sparsa
                 ,
                 flore
                 Scorpioidis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Etruria
                 nun
                 longè
                 à
                 Viterbo
                 ,
                 cùm
                 Romam
                 contenderemus
                 ,
                 copiosam
                 observavimus
                 ,
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 extra
                 scopum
                 jaculatur
                 ,
                 cùm
                 hanc
                 refert
                 ad
                 Millegranam
                 minimam
                 Lobelii
                 ,
                 à
                 qua
                 longè
                 differt
                 .
              
               
                 Polygonum
                 bacciferum
                 maritinum
                 v.
                 Tragos
                 .
              
               
                 Portulaca
                 sylvestris
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 minor
                 sive
                 spontanea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 angustifolia
                 ,
                 sive
                 sylvestris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 &
                 Germania
                 ,
                 in
                 vervactis
                 &
                 ad
                 vias
                 ,
                 Sativam
                 ab
                 hac
                 culturae
                 tantùm
                 ratione
                 differre
                 existimo
                 ,
                 quam
                 vis
                 in
                 magnitudine
                 omnium
                 partium
                 insignis
                 sit
                 differentia
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 acetariis
                 frequens
                 usus
                 est
                 Portulacae
                 ,
                 stomachi
                 ardorem
                 lenit
                 &
                 bilis
                 fervorem
                 ,
                 &
                 hinc
                 in
                 febribus
                 putridis
                 ac
                 malignis
                 ,
                 ardore
                 urinae
                 ,
                 &
                 Scorbuto
                 prodest
                 ;
                 venerem
                 inhibet
                 ,
                 venerisque
                 insomnia
                 .
                 Dentium
                 stuporem
                 commanducata
                 tollit
                 ,
                 &
                 mobiles
                 dentes
                 stabilit
                 .
                 Verminantibus
                 pueris
                 cum
                 successu
                 exhibetur
                 .
                 Verum
                 esus
                 ejus
                 nimius
                 cavendus
                 est
                 quoniam
                 ob
                 frigiditatem
                 suam
                 &
                 humiditatem
                 in
                 ventriculo
                 putrescere
                 apta
                 est
                 ,
                 ejúsque
                 &
                 viscerum
                 reliquorum
                 tonum
                 dissolvere
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Solet
                 apud
                 nos
                 condiri
                 ad
                 intinctus
                 eodem
                 modo
                 quo
                 Cappares
                 ,
                 Genistae
                 flores
                 ,
                 Lingua
                 avis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 condiuntur
                 .
              
               
                 Portulaca
                 marina
                 ,
                 v.
                 Halimus
                 .
              
               
                 Prunella
                 angustifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 hyssopifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 variis
                 in
                 locis
                 .
              
               
                 Prunella
                 caeruleo
                 magno
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 magno
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Park
                 .
                 flore
                 magno
                 folio
                 non
                 laciniato
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 observavimus
                 hanc
                 Moguntiae
                 ,
                 postea
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
                 Prunella
                 laciniata
                 flore
                 magno
                 purpureo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Prunella
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 Pru●
                 .
                 laciniato
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 Cum
                 priore
                 .
              
               
                 Pseudo-asphodelus
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Asphodelus
                 Lancastriae
                 verus
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 minimus
                 Norvegicus
                 luteus
                 palustris
                 Scoticus
                 &
                 Lancastriensis
                 Lob.
                 Pseudo-asphodelus
                 minor
                 
                 folio
                 Iridis
                 angustifoliae
                 Park
                 .
                 Psuedo-asphodelus
                 palustris
                 Scoticus
                 ,
                 &
                 Pseudo-asphodelus
                 Alpinus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 qui●
                 hos
                 duos
                 (
                 ut
                 ●ihi
                 videtur
                 )
                 unalè
                 separat
                 .
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 in
                 aquosis
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 quoqu●
                 nonnusquam
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Pseudo-molanthium
                 glabrum
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 inter
                 segetes
                 propè
                 castellum
                 Puzallu
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 montibus
                 Messanae
                 imminuntibus
                 .
                 Simile
                 est
                 Pseudo-melanthio
                 vulgari
                 ,
                 diversum
                 tamen
                 ,
                 &
                 ,
                 ut
                 puto
                 ,
                 nondum
                 descriptum
                 .
              
               
                 Pseudo-stachys
                 Alpina
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
              
               
                 Psyllium
                 majus
                 supinum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 majus
                 semper
                 virens
                 Park
                 .
                 semper
                 virens
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 Plinianum
                 forte
                 ,
                 radice
                 perenni
                 ,
                 supinum
                 Lob.
                 Cirea
                 Monspolium
                 &
                 in
                 Italia
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Psyllium
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 maju●
                 erectum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   ●●
                   .
                   B.
                
                 Psyllium
                 sive
                 Pulicaris
                 herba
                 Ger.
                 Cirea
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 agris
                 copiosè
                 .
                 Psyllium
                 dicitur
                 quia
                 somina
                 ejus
                 pulicibus
                 similia
                 sunt
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Evaeuat
                 bilem
                 flavam
                 ,
                 muellaginéque
                 sua
                 acrimoniam
                 humorum
                 obtundere
                 aptum
                 est
                 .
                 Hine
                 convenit
                 maximopere
                 in
                 Dysenteria
                 &
                 corrosione
                 intestinorum
                 .
                 Semen
                 Psyllii
                 hoc
                 peculiare
                 prae
                 caeteris
                 purgan●ibue
                 habet
                 ,
                 quod
                 qualitate
                 refrigerandi
                 sit
                 praeditum
                 .
                 Verùm
                 enimyèrò
                 non
                 tamen
                 extra
                 reprehensionem
                 ,
                 positum
                 est
                 ,
                 quam
                 incurr●t
                 ratione
                 virulentiae
                 suae
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Nimio
                 usu
                 stomachum
                 offendit
                 ,
                 &
                 animi
                 deliquium
                 inducit
                 .
              
               
                 Pearmica
                 Impernti
                 ,
                 v.
                 Xeranthemum
                 .
              
               
                 Paiegi●m
                 angustifolium
                 
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 angustifolium
                 sive
                 cervinum
                 
                   I.
                   ob
                   .
                   Park
                
                 .
                 cervinum
                 angustifolium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Primò
                 vidimus
                 ad
                 Rhodanum
                 proximè
                 pontem
                 S.
                 Spiritûs
                 dictum
                 ,
                 deinde
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 humidioribus
                 .
              
               
                 Pulmonoria
                 maculosa
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 maculata
                 Park
                 .
                 Symphytum
                 maculosum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Pulmonaria
                 latifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pulmonaria
                 Italorum
                 ad
                 Buglossum
                 accedens
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 propè
                 Coloniam
                 Agrippinam
                 primò
                 ,
                 posteà
                 in
                 omnibus
                 ferè
                 montosis
                 dumetis
                 juxta
                 Rhenum
                 &
                 propè
                 Geneyam
                 in
                 conspectum
                 se
                 nobis
                 dedit
                 .
              
               
                 Pulmonaria
                 Gallorum
                 v.
                 Pilosèlla
                 .
              
               
                 Pulsatilla
                 alba
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 In
                 summis
                 Jurae
                 montis
                 jugis
                 .
                 Haec
                 non
                 floris
                 colore
                 tamùm
                 ,
                 sed
                 etiam
                 totâ
                 specie
                 distincta
                 est
                 à
                 vulgari
                 Pulsatilla
                 ,
                 quam
                 mémini
                 me
                 alieubi
                 vidisse
                 flore
                 albo
              
               
                 Punica
                 malus
                 sylvestris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 Punica
                 sylvestris
                 major
                 ,
                 sive
                 Balaustium
                 majus
                 Park
                 .
                 Malus
                 Pu●ica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   The
                   
                   Pomegranate-tree
                
                 .
                 In
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 &
                 Provincia
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Poma
                 in
                 genere
                 censentur
                 boni
                 succi
                 ,
                 ventriculo
                 convenientia
                 sed
                 pauci
                 nutrimenti
                 .
              
               
                 Dulcia
                 eorúmque
                 syrupus
                 a
                 dhibentur
                 in
                 tussi
                 chronicà
                 &
                 pleuritide
                 :
                 in
                 febribus
                 minùs
                 commoda
                 sunt
                 ,
                 quia
                 Ventriculo
                 inflations
                 causant
                 .
              
               
                 Acida
                 frigida
                 sunt
                 &
                 adstringentia
                 ,
                 stomachica
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 febribus
                 biliosis
                 ,
                 in
                 Gonorrhoea
                 ,
                 pica
                 gravidarum
                 compescenda
                 ,
                 orisque
                 putredine
                 corrigenda
                 &
                 sim
                 .
              
               
                 Vinosa
                 (
                 acidò-dulcia
                 ,
                 Granata
                 muzae
                 )
                 mediae
                 sunt
                 nàturae
                 intér
                 dulcia
                 &
                 acida
                 ,
                 cardiaca
                 ac
                 cephalica
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 syncope
                 ,
                 vertigine
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Ex
                 malis
                 hisc●
                 ad
                 usus
                 supradictos
                 succus
                 exprimintur
                 &
                 fermentatus
                 depuratúsque
                 vinum
                 dicitur
                 .
              
               
                 Flores
                 ,
                 tam
                 
                   Balaustia
                   quàm
                   Cytini
                
                 ,
                 ejusdem
                 sunt
                 naturae
                 ,
                 terrestris
                 sc
                 .
                 validè
                 adstringentis
                 ;
                 unde
                 creberrimus
                 eorum
                 usus
                 esse
                 solet
                 in
                 ómnis
                 generis
                 fluxionibus
                 v.
                 g.
                 diarrhoea
                 ,
                 dysenteria
                 ,
                 fluxu
                 uterino
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 sanguine
                 vulnerum
                 cohibendo
                 ,
                 gingivarum
                 laxitate
                 emendanda
                 ,
                 in
                 hernia
                 curanda
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Haec
                 omnia
                 Schroderus
                 .
              
               
                 Cortex
                 (
                 malicorium
                 ,
                 psidium
                 )
                 ejusdem
                 naturae
                 cum
                 floribus
                 est
                 .
                 Utilis
                 etiam
                 ad
                 coria
                 praeparanda
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 atramentum
                 vice
                 gallarum
                 .
                 Addit
                 Constantïnus
                 ,
                 Malicorium
                 vino
                 decoctum
                 ac
                 potum
                 omnes
                 ventris
                 tineas
                 necare
                 ,
                 maximè
                 eas
                 quas
                 Ascaridas
                 vocant
                 .
              
               
                 Nuclei
                 refrigerant
                 itidem
                 ,
                 astringúntque
                 ,
                 imprimis
                 qui
                 éx
                 pomis
                 acidis
                 collecti
                 .
                 Scbrod
                 .
                 Breviter
                 Flores
                 ,
                 Cortex
                 ,
                 nuclei
                 ,
                 [
                 adde
                 &
                 folia
                 ]
                 ad
                 ea
                 conducunt
                 quibuscunque
                 adstrictione
                 opus
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Ex
                 malis
                 Punicis
                 contusis
                 cum
                 suis
                 corticibus
                 exprimitur
                 succus
                 qui
                 purgat
                 bilem
                 flavam
                 ,
                 ut
                 scribit
                 Caesalpinus
                 .
              
               
                 Pyracantha
                 
                   Lob.
                   Clus
                   .
                   Pyr.
                
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Oxyacantha
                 Theophrasti
                 Ger.
                 Oxyacantha
                 Dioscoridis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Spina
                 acida
                 Pyri
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Florentiam
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Etruria
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Pyrola
                 folio
                 serrato
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 folio
                 mucronato
                 serrato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 tenerior
                 Park
                 .
                 2
                 tenerior
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 In
                 montibus
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 ,
                 inque
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Constantia
                 versùs
                 Scaphusiam
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 In
                 store
                 Pyrolae
                 v●ulgaris
                 insignem
                 observavi
                 varietatem
                 .
                 In
                 una
                 enim
                 planta
                 inferior
                 floris
                 lacinia
                 sive
                 labellum
                 magis
                 propendet
                 quàm
                 in
                 altera
                 :
                 Stylus
                 etlam
                 
                 in
                 una
                 magis
                 depender
                 &
                 deorsum
                 incurvatur
                 quàm
                 in
                 altera
                 .
                 Fortè
                 una
                 infoecunda
                 est
                 ,
                 flores
                 duntaxat
                 proserens
                 ,
                 illa
                 nimirum
                 cujus
                 labellum
                 &
                 stylus
                 propendent
                 ,
                 cùm
                 &
                 caulis
                 exuccus
                 &
                 evanidus
                 videatur
                 ,
                 altexa
                 foecunda
                 ,
                 cùm
                 &
                 caulis
                 robustior
                 sit
                 &
                 succulentior
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Q
              
               
                 QUinquesolium
                 album
                 majus
                 caulescens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 verum
                 descriptio
                 non
                 bene
                 convenit
                 huic
                 nostrae
                 plan●ae
                 :
                 Meliùs
                 respondet
                 figura
                 J.
                 Bauhini
                 sub
                 titulo
                 Pentaphylli
                 recti
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 Primo
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 Carinthiacis
                 ,
                 deinde
                 in
                 monte
                 Salévae
                 ,
                 tandem
                 ad
                 exteriorem
                 portam
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobii
                 ,
                 ubique
                 è
                 rupium
                 fislúris
                 exiens
                 .
              
               
                 Quinquefolium
                 album
                 majus
                 alterum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 sylvaticum
                 majus
                 flore
                 albo
                 Ger.
                 Pentaphyllon
                 album
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 majus
                 alterum
                 album
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 inter
                 oppidulum
                 S.
                 Michaelis
                 &
                 Knittlefield
                 .
              
               
                 Quinquefolium
                 minus
                 repens
                 luteum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Quinquefolium
                 minus
                 repens
                 lanuginosum
                 luteum
                 ejusdem
                 ?
                 Pentaphyllum
                 incanum
                 Ger.
                 repens
                 minus
                 Park
                 .
                 Pentaphyllon
                 parvum
                 hirsutum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Episcopatu
                 Tridentino
                 &
                 Helvetia
                 ,
                 itémque
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 
                   e●
                   plain
                   palais
                
                 .
                 Martio
                 &
                 Aprili
                 floret
                 ,
                 undo
                 à
                 Schwenckfeldio
                 rectè
                 denominatur
                 ,
                 Quinquefolium
                 vernum
                 minus
                 .
              
               
                 Quinquefolium
                 minus
                 repens
                 Alpinum
                 aureum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minus
                 flore
                 aureo
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 Alpinum
                 splendens
                 flore
                 aureo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Pentaphyllum
                 incanum
                 repens
                 Alpinum
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 summo
                 vertice
                 
                   La
                   Dole
                
                 dicto
                 .
              
               
                 Quinquefolium
                 rectum
                 luteum
                 minus
                 .
                 An
                 Quinquefolium
                 montanum
                 erectum
                 hirsutum
                 luteum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 Pentaphyllum
                 montanum
                 erectum
                 
                   Park
                   .
                
                 ?
                 In
                 sylva
                 Valena
                 prope
                 montem
                 Lupi
                 .
                 Folia
                 longis
                 insident
                 pediculis
                 &
                 circumćirca
                 dentata
                 sunt
                 ,
                 denticulis
                 majoribus
                 ,
                 non
                 admodum
                 hirsuta
                 .
                 Caules
                 ex
                 eadem
                 radice
                 plures
                 exount
                 ,
                 dodrantales
                 ,
                 qui
                 in
                 summitatibus
                 suis
                 numerosos
                 gestant
                 flores
                 .
              
               
                 Quinquefolium
                 Alpinum
                 argenteum
                 album
                 .
                 In
                 altiss
                 .
                 montibus
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 proximis
                 .
                 Persimile
                 est
                 Trifolio
                 Alpino
                 argenteo
                 Ponae
                 .
              
               
                 Quinquefolium
                 fragiferum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pentaphyllum
                 fragiferum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Pentaphylloides
                 erectum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Salevâ
                 prope
                 arcem
                 antiquam
                 jam
                 fere
                 collapsam
                 .
              
               
               
                 Quinquefollo
                 fragifero
                 affinis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pentaphyllum
                 supinum
                 Potentillae
                 facie
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Pentaphylloides
                 supinum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 prope
                 Rhenum
                 ,
                 infra
                 Moguntiam
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 R
              
               
                 RAdix
                 cava
                 v.
                 Fumaria
                 bulbosa
                 .
              
               
                 Rapistrum
                 monospermon
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Liburno
                 ,
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 etiam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Rapunculus
                 spicatus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 spicatus
                 sive
                 comosus
                 albus
                 &
                 caeruleus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 spicatus
                 alopecuroides
                 Park
                 .
                 Rapuntium
                 majus
                 Ger.
                 Primo
                 eum
                 observavimus
                 circa
                 Spadam
                 Episcopats
                 is
                 Leodiensis
                 urbeculam
                 acidulis
                 celebrem
                 ,
                 in
                 montosis
                 postea
                 in
                 collibus
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 ,
                 ut
                 
                   La
                   Bastie
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 
              
               
                 Rapunculi
                 genus
                 folio
                 serrato
                 rotundiore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Jura
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 an
                 ab
                 aliis
                 descripta
                 sit
                 nécne
                 nondum
                 comperimus
                 .
              
               
                 Ranunculus
                 albus
                 simplici
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alpinus
                 albus
                 Ger.
                 montanus
                 albus
                 minor
                 simplex
                 Park
                 .
                 mont
                 .
                 Aconiti
                 fo●●
                 ,
                 flore
                 albo
                 minore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Jura
                 &
                 Saleva
                 monti●us
                 copiosè
                 .
                 Maio
                 floret
                 .
              
               
                 Ranunculus
                 montanus
                 albus
                 hirsutus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montanus
                 Pennaei
                 Park
                 .
                 mont
                 .
                 hirsutus
                 purpureus
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 montanus
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanus
                 hirsutus
                 purpurascente
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 Jurae
                 montis
                 prope
                 verticem
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 Ranunculus
                 tenuifolius
                 montanus
                 luteus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 praealta
                 parte
                 Thuiri
                 J.
                 Bauhino
                 &
                 nobis
                 etiam
                 inventus
                 .
              
               
                 Ranunculus
                 montanus
                 lanuginosus
                 foliis
                 Ranunculi
                 pratensis
                 repentis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Ran.
                 màgnus
                 valde
                 hirsutus
                 ,
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 cujus
                 descriptio
                 quae
                 desumpta
                 est
                 è
                 Phytopinace
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 nostro
                 Ranunculo
                 (
                 quem
                 in
                 Saleva
                 copiosum
                 invenimus
                 )
                 adamus●im
                 respondet
                 .
              
               
                 Ranunculus
                 v.
                 Aconitum
                 .
              
               
                 Reseda
                 alba
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 maxima
                 Ger.
                 C.
                 Bauhini
                 (
                 quem
                 sequitur
                 Parkinsonus
                 )
                 mentem
                 non
                 capio
                 ;
                 nam
                 Resedam
                 suam
                 majorem
                 cum
                 floribus
                 luteis
                 describit
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 satis
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Resedae
                 affinis
                 v.
                 Phyteuma
                 .
              
               
               
                 Rhamnus
                 ▪
                 Clusii
                 flore
                 albo
                 Ger.
                 secundus
                 Monspeliensium
                 sive
                 primus
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 cujus
                 figura
                 plantae
                 huic
                 non
                 respondet
                 .
                 Rham
                 .
                 spinis
                 oblongis
                 ,
                 flore
                 caudicante
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Rh.
                 cortice
                 albo
                 Monspeliensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Florentiam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Rhamnus
                 folio
                 subrotundo
                 v.
                 Paliurus
                 .
              
               
                 Rhododendron
                 v.
                 Oleander
                 .
              
               
                 Rhus
                 folio
                 Ulmi
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 coriaria
                 
                   Dod.
                   Ger.
                
                 obsoniorum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Clus
                
                 .
                 Sumach
                 ,
                 sive
                 Rhus
                 obsoniorum
                 &
                 coriariorum
                 Park
                 .
                 Rhus
                 sive
                 Sumach
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 prope
                 
                   Castelneuf
                   ,
                   aux
                   Garigues
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 agro
                 Salmanticensi
                 (
                 referente
                 Clusio
                 )
                 quaestûs
                 gratiâ
                 diligenter
                 colitur
                 .
                 Caeduntur
                 singulis
                 annis
                 enati
                 surculi
                 cubitales
                 ad
                 radicem
                 usque
                 deinde
                 desiccantur
                 ,
                 in
                 pollinem
                 rediguntur
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 coria
                 densanda
                 adhibentur
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Semen
                 &
                 folia
                 refrigerant
                 &
                 astringunt
                 ,
                 unde
                 fluxum
                 quemernque
                 alvi
                 ,
                 uteri
                 ,
                 mensiûmve
                 ,
                 haemorrhoidum
                 compescunt
                 ,
                 vomitum
                 sistunt
                 ,
                 bilem
                 obtundunt
                 ,
                 seu
                 intus
                 in
                 jusculis
                 &
                 sorbitionibus
                 sumpta
                 ,
                 sive
                 extus
                 adhibita
                 .
                 Dentes
                 denigrant
                 ;
                 putredini
                 &
                 Gangraenae
                 resistunt
                 .
                 Gummi
                 dentibus
                 inditum
                 odontalgiam
                 sedat
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 Rhus
                 myrtisolia
                 Monspeliaca
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 myrtifolia
                 Ger.
                 Plinii
                 putata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Plinii
                 myrtifolia
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 copiose
                 ,
                 praecipuè
                 ad
                 ripas
                 Ladi
                 amnis
                 .
                 Ad
                 coria
                 ●irmanda
                 cunctae
                 Narbonae
                 notissimam
                 &
                 usitatissimam
                 icit
                 Lobelius
                 .
              
               
                 Ricinus
                 major
                 vulgaris
                 
                   J.
                   B
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ricinus
                 sive
                 Palma
                 Christi
                 Ger.
                 Ricinus
                 sive
                 Cataputia
                 major
                 vulgatior
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 Siciliae
                 &
                 Rhegium
                 Calabriae
                 in
                 sepibus
                 frequens
                 ,
                 ubi
                 in
                 fruticem
                 satis
                 grandem
                 ,
                 Sambuci
                 aemulum
                 adolescit
                 ,
                 &
                 multos
                 annos
                 durat
                 .
                 Semen
                 Ricino
                 insecto
                 simile
                 ,
                 unde
                 plantae
                 nomen
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Semen
                 seu
                 nuclei
                 potenter
                 bilem
                 &
                 pituitam
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 pellunt
                 ,
                 verùm
                 ob
                 vehementiam
                 rarissimi
                 usûs
                 sunt
                 .
                 Ex
                 semine
                 oleum
                 exprimitur
                 ad
                 multa
                 utile
                 ,
                 v
                 g.
                 tumoes
                 &
                 flatus
                 praesertim
                 ventris
                 ,
                 coli
                 &
                 ilci
                 dolores
                 ,
                 artus
                 contractos
                 ,
                 duritiem
                 alvi
                 &
                 ventris
                 tincas
                 in
                 pueris
                 ,
                 tumores
                 &
                 duritias
                 mammarum
                 ,
                 si
                 partes
                 eo
                 illinantur
                 ,
                 &
                 duae
                 aut
                 tres
                 guttulae
                 in
                 lacte
                 aut
                 pingui
                 aliquo
                 jure
                 sumantur
                 .
                 Oleum
                 hoc
                 ficûs
                 infernalis
                 oleum
                 vocant
                 .
                 Haec
                 ferè
                 Monardes
                 &
                 Clusius
                 .
              
               
                 Rosa
                 rubella
                 flore
                 parvo
                 ,
                 simplici
                 non
                 spinosa
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 sylv
                 .
                 minor
                 rubello
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
               
                 Rosa
                 sylvestris
                 rubella
                 parvo
                 frutice
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 v.
                 g.
                 
                   ld
                   Bastie
                   ,
                   Champe
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Rosmarinus
                 coronarius
                 fruticosus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 spontaneus
                 latiore
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Rosmarinus
                 coronaries
                 Ger.
                 Libanotis
                 coronaria
                 ,
                 sive
                 Rosmarinum
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 in
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 propè
                 mare
                 affatim
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 In
                 usu
                 sunt
                 solia
                 ,
                 flores
                 (
                 Anthos
                 officinis
                 dicti
                 )
                 semen
                 .
                 Cephalica
                 sunt
                 è
                 praecipuis
                 ut
                 &
                 uterina
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 in
                 affectibus
                 capitis
                 ac
                 nervorum
                 ,
                 Apoplexia
                 ,
                 Hpilepsia
                 ,
                 Paralysi
                 ,
                 Vertigine
                 ,
                 Caro
                 ,
                 &c.
                 visum
                 acuunt
                 ,
                 foetorem
                 halitûs
                 emendant
                 ;
                 Epatis
                 ,
                 Lienis
                 ac
                 Uteri
                 obstructiones
                 resolvunt
                 ,
                 ictero
                 ac
                 fluori
                 albo
                 mulierum
                 medenture
                 ,
                 córque
                 confortant
                 .
                 Herba
                 ipsa
                 sussitu
                 &
                 vapore
                 suo
                 pestis
                 tempore
                 aerem
                 emendat
                 &
                 salubrem
                 reddit
                 .
              
               
                 Rubia
                 angustisolia
                 spicata
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 plurimis
                 in
                 locis
                 ,
                 v.
                 g.
                 collibus
                 juxta
                 Castelneuf
                 :
                 Agris
                 Gramontiae
                 sylvae
                 vicinis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Rubia
                 marina
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 marina
                 Narbonensium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 maritima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 Mare
                 Mediterraneums
                 ,
                 in
                 litoribus
                 arenosis
                 prope
                 Syracusas
                 ;
                 Cataniam
                 ,
                 Terracinam
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 collegimus
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Rubia
                 erecta
                 quadrifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pascuis
                 quibusdam
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 trans
                 Rhodanum
                 fluvium
                 .
                 Hanc
                 non
                 ità
                 pridem
                 in
                 Westmorlandia
                 Angliae
                 Provincia
                 inveni
                 .
              
               
                 Rubia
                 laevis
                 Taurinensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Rubia
                 cruciata
                 laevis
                 Ger.
                 quadrifolia
                 ,
                 vel
                 latifolia
                 laevis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 quadrifolia
                 Italica
                 hirsuta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 à
                 
                   D.
                   F.
                   Willughby
                
                 inventa
                 .
              
               
                 Rubia
                 echinata
                 Saxatilis
                 v.
                 Cruciata
                 minima
                 .
              
               
                 Rubia
                 sylvatica
                 laevis
                 v.
                 Mollugo
                 .
              
               
                 Ruta
                 capraria
                 v.
                 Galega
                 .
              
               
                 Ruta
                 canina
                 v.
                 Scrophularia
                 .
              
               
                 Ruta
                 pratensis
                 v.
                 Thalictrum
                 .
              
               
                 Ruta
                 sylvestris
                 Lob.
                 sylv
                 .
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 montana
                 Ger.
                 In
                 collibus
                 petrosis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Nemausnm
                 .
                 In
                 Etruria
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 oppido
                 Massa
                 eam
                 vidimus
                 sponte
                 natam
                 .
              
               
                 Ruta
                 sylvestris
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 sylv
                 .
                 minima
                 Ger.
                 Peganiu●
                 Narbonensium
                 Lob.
                 In
                 agris
                 sterilioribus
                 non
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 tantùm
                 sed
                 per
                 totam
                 Narbonensem
                 Galliam
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Ruta
                 Alexipharmaca
                 est
                 ,
                 cephalica
                 ac
                 nerviná
                 .
                 Usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 peste
                 allisque
                 affectibus
                 malignis
                 praeservandis
                 ac
                 curandis
                 (
                 unde
                 &
                 
                   Theriaca
                   pauperum
                
                 nonnullis
                 
                 dicitur
                 )
                 visu
                 acuendo
                 ,
                 lascivia
                 reprimenda
                 (
                 Ruta
                 facit
                 castum
                 
                   Schol.
                   Salern
                   .
                
                 )
                 pleuritide
                 curanda
                 ,
                 imbecillitate
                 ventricull
                 corrigenda
                 ,
                 colicâ
                 discutlendâ
                 ,
                 morfu
                 canis
                 rabidi
                 debellando
                 ,
                 Schrod
                 .
                 qui
                 plura
                 habet
                 de
                 usu
                 ejus
                 extrinseco
                 ;
                 quem
                 adi
                 ut
                 &
                 Parkinsonum
                 .
                 Summatim
                 Interne
                 sumpta
                 ad
                 tria
                 praecipuê
                 celebratur
                 ,
                 viz.
                 1.
                 pestem
                 praeservandam
                 aut
                 arcendam
                 ;
                 2.
                 oculorum
                 caliginem
                 discutlendam
                 ,
                 &
                 acuendum
                 visum
                 ,
                 3.
                 appetitus
                 venereos
                 cohibendos
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 S
              
               
                 SAbina
                 baccifera
                 v.
                 Cedrus
                 Lycia
                 .
              
               
                 Salix
                 Alpina
                 latifolia
                 pumila
                 glabra
                 ,
                 An
                 Salix
                 pumila
                 latifolia
                 prior
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                
                 ?
                 An
                 Salix
                 pumila
                 folio
                 utrinque
                 glabro
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 supremis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 .
              
               
                 Salvia
                 fruticosa
                 lutea
                 v.
                 Verbascum
                 IV
                 Matth.
                 
              
               
                 Sambucus
                 racemosa
                 rubra
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 racemosa
                 acinis
                 rubris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 racemosa
                 vel
                 cervina
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Carinthiacis
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 sylviss
                 propè
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobium
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Cervum
                 Sambucum
                 racemosam
                 sicut
                 &
                 Solanum
                 lethale
                 magno
                 desiderio
                 inquirere
                 didici
                 .
                 Ubi
                 namque
                 locorum
                 eas
                 stirpes
                 provenire
                 intellexit
                 eò
                 se
                 confert
                 .
                 Quódque
                 mirari
                 subit
                 ,
                 solent
                 binae
                 hae
                 stirpes
                 plerunque
                 eo●dem
                 situs
                 occupare
                 ,
                 Hisce
                 cervus
                 unicè
                 delectatur
                 ,
                 folia
                 utriusque
                 non
                 baccas
                 decerpens
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Praeterea
                 (
                 quod
                 non
                 minùs
                 admiratione
                 dignum
                 est
                 )
                 observayi
                 cervum
                 solum
                 follis
                 harum
                 plantarum
                 vesci
                 ,
                 non
                 autem
                 cervam
                 ,
                 nisi
                 ea
                 praegnans
                 fuerit
                 &
                 cervum
                 in
                 utero
                 gestaverit
                 ,
                 tum
                 enim
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                   Trag.
                   lib.
                
                 3.
                 cap.
                 24.
                 
                 Sanè
                 vix
                 fidem
                 apud
                 me
                 obtinent
                 quae
                 hoc
                 in
                 logo
                 Tragus
                 scripsit
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 se
                 experientiâ
                 doctum
                 affirmet
                 .
              
               
                 Sanamunda
                 prima
                 Clusii
                 v.
                 Tarton-raire
                 .
              
               
                 Sanamunda
                 tertia
                 Clusii
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Sesamoides
                 parvum
                 Dalechampii
                 ,
                 Sanamunda
                 3
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Thy
                 melaea
                 tomentosa
                 foliis
                 Sedi
                 minoris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 ins●la
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 .
              
               
                 Sanicula
                 guttata
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Alpina
                 guttata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montana
                 rotundifolia
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Helveticis
                 ;
                 item
                 in
                 montibus
                 Jurâ
                 &
                 Salevâ
                 .
              
               
                 Sanicula
                 foemina
                 
                   Matth.
                   v.
                
                 Astrantia
                 nigra
                 .
              
               
               
                 Saponaria
                 minor
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ocymoides
                 repens
                 Park
                 .
                 repens
                 mont●num
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lychnis
                 montana
                 repens
                 Ger.
                 In
                 colle
                 la
                 Bastie
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 inque
                 Etruria
                 non
                 procul
                 à
                 Massa
                 ,
                 viâ
                 quà
                 indè
                 Lucam
                 itur
                 .
              
               
                 Satureia
                 hortensis
                 Ger.
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 durior
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montana
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 Nemausum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 collibus
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 etiam
                 in
                 Hetruria
                 in
                 alveo
                 cujusdam
                 torrentis
                 propè
                 Radicofanum
                 .
              
               
                 Satureia
                 aestiva
                 hortensis
                 Ger.
                 hortensis
                 Park
                 .
                 sativa
                 
                   J
                   ,
                   B.
                
                 hortensis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Cunila
                 sativa
                 Plinii
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 circa
                 Castelneuf
                 ,
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Monspelio
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Satureia
                 S.
                 Juliani
                 Ger.
                 spicata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 spicata
                 S.
                 Juliani
                 Park
                 .
                 foliis
                 tenuibus
                 ,
                 sive
                 tohuifolia
                 ,
                 S.
                 Juliani
                 quorudam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 Messanensis
                 agri
                 ,
                 non
                 minùs
                 frequens
                 quàm
                 in
                 ipso
                 monte
                 S.
                 Juliani
                 .
                 Vidimus
                 &
                 in
                 ipsis
                 urbis
                 Florentiae
                 muris
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Saporis
                 &
                 odoris
                 est
                 acris
                 &
                 calidi
                 .
                 Usus
                 in
                 affectibus
                 ventric●li
                 ,
                 cruditate
                 ,
                 anorexia
                 ,
                 &c.
                 pectoris
                 ,
                 asthmate
                 ;
                 uteri
                 ,
                 mensibus
                 obstructis
                 ;
                 visum
                 acuit
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 discutit
                 tumores
                 ,
                 dolorem
                 ischiadicum
                 lenit
                 ▪
                 ejúsque
                 succus
                 cum
                 tantillo
                 olei
                 ros
                 .
                 auribus
                 instillatus
                 tinnitum
                 &
                 surditatem
                 aufert
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Germanis
                 in
                 usu
                 est
                 ad
                 Brassicas
                 capitatas
                 condiendas
                 ,
                 qui
                 fit
                 ,
                 ut
                 illae
                 jucundissimum
                 odorem
                 &
                 saporem
                 gratissimum
                 acquirant
                 ;
                 quin
                 &
                 fabis
                 ,
                 aliísque
                 leguminibus
                 incoqui
                 solet
                 ,
                 ad
                 eorum
                 flatuositatem
                 corrigendam
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Schrod
                
                 .
              
               
                 Saxifragia
                 Venetorum
                 Ad.
                 Daucus
                 selinoides
                 major
                 Park
                 .
                 montanus
                 Apii
                 folio
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Liban●tis
                 altera
                 quorundam
                 ,
                 aliis
                 dicta
                 Cervaria
                 nigra
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Lib.
                 Theophrasti
                 nigra
                 Ger.
                 In
                 pascuis
                 montosis
                 &
                 vineis
                 juxta
                 Rhenum
                 in
                 Germania
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 collibus
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Scabiosa
                 montana
                 max.
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 Alpina
                 foliis
                 Centaurii
                 majoris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Alpina
                 maxima
                 Ad.
                 In
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 non
                 longè
                 ab
                 altissimo
                 vertice
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 Scabiosa
                 argentea
                 angustifolia
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   G.
                   B.
                
                 graminea
                 argentea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 planis
                 Fori
                 Julii
                 depressis
                 ,
                 quae
                 aquae
                 ox
                 Alpibus
                 ubertim
                 delabentes
                 hyberno
                 tempore
                 aliquoties
                 late
                 inundant
                 ;
                 alyeos
                 torrentum
                 dicere
                 posses
                 nisi
                 latitudo
                 obstaret
                 .
              
               
                 Scabiosa
                 latifolia
                 rubro
                 flore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montana
                 V
                 ,
                 sive
                 latifolia
                 rubra
                 non
                 laciniata
                 secunda
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 rubra
                 Austriaca
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Genevae
                 proximis
                 ,
                 inque
                 Germanicis
                 montosis
                 sylvis
                 passim
                 luxuriat
                 .
              
               
               
                 Scabiosa
                 Pannonica
                 flore
                 albo
                 Park
                 .
                 montana
                 calidarum
                 regionum
                 major
                 Lobelio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montana
                 alba
                 Ger.
                 pratensis
                 &
                 arvensis
                 V
                 ,
                 sivo
                 fruticans
                 angustifolia
                 ●lba
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 agti
                 Narbonensis
                 petq●uaàm
                 familiaris
                 .
                 Ab
                 hac
                 non
                 m●ltùm
                 diffort
                 
                   Soab●osa●
                   glabra
                   foliis
                   rigidis
                   uiridibus
                
                 ,
                 ut
                 ipsemet
                 Lobelius
                 fatotur
                 .
              
               
                 Scabiosa
                 multifido
                 folio
                 ,
                 flore
                 albo
                 vel
                 potiùs
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 multifido
                 folio
                 ,
                 flore
                 flavescente
                 
                   ●
                   .
                   B.
                
                 Ho●
                 pallido
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 Pannonica
                 flore
                 albo
                 quoad
                 figuram
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Viennam
                 Austriae
                 ud
                 sopes
                 &
                 in
                 pascuis
                 .
                 Simillima
                 est
                 superiori
                 ,
                 ideoque
                 non
                 immeritò
                 ejus
                 icone
                 pro
                 priote
                 usus
                 est
                 Parkinsonus
                 .
              
               
                 Scabiosa
                 10
                 ,
                 sive
                 repens
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minima
                 Bellidis
                 folio
                 Ger.
                 Scab
                 .
                 Globulariae
                 Bellidis
                 foliis
                 Park
                 .
                 Belli●
                 oaerulea
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 montana
                 frutescens
                 
                   G.
                   B.
                
                 quem
                 justè
                 reprehendit
                 Parkinsonus
                 ,
                 quòd
                 eam
                 frutascere
                 dicat
                 .
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Scammonea
                 Monspeliaca
                 dicta
                 Park
                 .
                 Monspel
                 .
                 flore
                 parvo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Monspeliaca
                 foliis
                 rotundioribus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Monspeiiensis
                 Ger.
                 Ad
                 mare
                 propè
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Scammoneae
                 Monspeliacae
                 affinis
                 Park
                 .
                 Scam
                 .
                 Monspeliacae
                 affinis
                 foliis
                 acutioribus
                 
                   G.
                   B.
                
                 Apocynum
                 latifolium
                 amplexicaule
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 cur
                 a.
                 latifolium
                 apellat
                 ?
                 Juxta
                 Cataniam
                 Siciliae
                 urbem
                 .
              
               
                 Scolymus
                 Theophrasti
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   v.
                
                 Cinara
                 sylvestris
                 .
              
               
                 Scorpioides
                 Bupleuri
                 folio
                 
                   Ger.
                   G.
                   B.
                
                 Scor.
                 siliquâ
                 campoide
                 hispidâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Scorp
                 .
                 Bupleuri
                 folio
                 minor
                 spluribus
                 corniculis
                 asperis
                 Park
                 .
                 quamvis
                 ille
                 hane
                 à
                 nemine
                 ante
                 se
                 editam
                 glorietur
                 .
                 Messanae
                 in
                 collibus
                 ,
                 &
                 Monspelii
                 in
                 sossis
                 &
                 aggeribus
                 ipsius
                 arcis
                 .
              
               
                 Scorpioides
                 Telephium
                 Anguillarae
                 Lob.
                 Scorpioides
                 Matthioli
                 Ger.
                 Scorp
                 .
                 Matthioli
                 ,
                 sive
                 Portulacae
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 Telephium
                 Scorpioides
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Telephium
                 Dioscofidis
                 ,
                 seu
                 Scorpioides
                 ob
                 siliquarum
                 similitudinem
                 
                   G.
                   B.
                
                 Ciria
                 Liburnum
                 ,
                 Messanam
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Scorpioides
                 leguminosa
                 v.
                 Ornithopodio
                 similis
                 .
              
               
                 Scorpioides
                 leguminosa
                 altera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 vineis
                 &
                 hortis
                 ad
                 latera
                 montium
                 Messanae
                 imminentium
                 .
                 Hanc
                 plantan●
                 à
                 nullo
                 alio
                 scriptore
                 proditam
                 censemus
                 .
              
               
                 Scrophularia
                 Ruta
                 canina
                 dicta
                 Park
                 .
                 Scroph
                 .
                 Ruta
                 canina
                 dicta
                 ,
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ruta
                 canina
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Scroph
                 .
                 3
                 Dodonaei
                 tenuifolia
                 ,
                 Ruta
                 canina
                 quibusdam
                 ly●
                 ca●a
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 Rheni
                 ripas
                 propè
                 Basileam
                 primò
                 ,
                 deinde
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 &c.
                 circa
                 Goneyam
                 oliservavimus
                 .
              
               
                 Scrophularia
                 folio
                 Urticae
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 peregrina
                 Park
                 .
                 flore
                 rubro
                 
                 Camerani
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 ●irca
                 P●sas
                 copiosè
                 in
                 muris
                 ipsius
                 urbj●
                 &
                 ●libi
                 iu
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 S●●tellaria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Opuntia
                 marina
                 .
              
               
                 Securidaca
                 minor
                 Lob.
                 minor
                 lutea
                 Ger.
                 altera
                 sive
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 lutea
                 minor
                 cotniculis
                 recurvis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Hedysarum
                 minus
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 oollibus
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Securidaca
                 major
                 articulata
                 Park
                 .
                 dumetorum
                 major
                 flore
                 vario
                 ,
                 siliquis
                 articulatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Melilotus
                 5
                 Tragi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 in
                 Germania
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Securidacae
                 gonus
                 triphyllon
                 
                   J.
                   B
                
                 An
                 Foenugrae
                 cum
                 sylv
                 .
                 alterum
                 poly
                 ceration
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ●
                 Foenum
                 Graecum
                 sylvestre
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 propè
                 Castelneuf
                 eis
                 Ladum
                 Monspeliacum
                 amnem
                 .
              
               
                 Securidaeâ
                 silliquis
                 plani●
                 dentatis
                 Ger.
                 sliquis
                 planis
                 utrinque
                 dentatio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 per●rgrina
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Lunaria
                 radiata
                 Robini
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 lingua
                 illa
                 procurrente
                 inter
                 Portum
                 Zanchaeum
                 &
                 fretum
                 Siculum
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 majus
                 vulgare
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Sempervivum
                 majus
                 Ger.
                 In
                 summis
                 Jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 ,
                 inque
                 Alpibus
                 Sabaudicis
                 &
                 Helveticis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Sedum
                 minus
                 loteum
                 ramulis
                 reflexis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minus
                 luteum
                 ,
                 flore
                 se
                 circumflectente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Aizoon
                 Scorpioides
                 Ger.
                 Vermicularis
                 Scorpioides
                 Park
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 serratnm
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cotyledon
                 media
                 foliis
                 oblongis
                 serratis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Umbillcu●
                 Veneri●
                 minor
                 Ger.
                 In
                 montibus
                 Tyrolensibus
                 &
                 Helveticis
                 ,
                 itémque
                 in
                 Jura
                 &
                 Saleva
                 Genevoe
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 serratum
                 alterum
                 foliis
                 longis
                 angustis
                 .
                 An
                 Sedum
                 Pyrenaeum
                 serratum
                 longifolium
                 
                   Hort.
                   Blaes
                
                 ?
                 A
                 priore
                 diff●rt
                 longitudine
                 &
                 angustia
                 foliorum
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 in
                 Alpibus
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Pontieba
                 :
                 vidimus
                 postea
                 in
                 horto
                 Regio
                 Paris●ensi
                 .
              
               
                 S●dum
                 Alpinum
                 minimum
                 foliis
                 cinereis
                 ,
                 flore
                 candido
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Saxatile
                 &
                 Alpinum
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 album
                 foliolis
                 compactis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 minimum
                 Alpinum
                 Muscoides
                 Park
                 .
                 in
                 montibus
                 non
                 longe
                 a
                 Bolzano
                 Martio
                 mense
                 floruit
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 Alpinum
                 4
                 Clusii
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 minimum
                 Alpinum
                 villosum
                 Park
                 .
                 Alpin
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 hirsutem
                 lacteo
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Chali●●iasme
                 Alpina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 in
                 
                   Aspend
                   .
                   tom
                
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 In
                 altissimo
                 cacumine
                 montis
                 
                   Jurae
                   la
                   Doie
                
                 dicto
                 .
                 Flos
                 candidus
                 aetote
                 rubescie
                 dum
                 recens
                 odoratissimus
                 est
                 Jasmini
                 instar
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 parvum
                 folio
                 circinato
                 ,
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minus
                 folio
                 circinato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Vermicularis
                 dasyphyllos
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 muris
                 &
                 rupibus
                 copìosé
                 .
              
               
               
                 Sedum
                 echinatum
                 vel
                 stellatum
                 flore
                 albo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 muscosis
                 sepium
                 aggeribus
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Geneva
                 ;
                 secus
                 viam
                 quae
                 Indè
                 ad
                 oppidum
                 Jay
                 ducit
                 .
                 Messanae
                 quoque
                 similibus
                 in
                 locis
                 invenimus
                 .
                 Descriptio
                 J.
                 Bauhini
                 plantae
                 huic
                 nostrae
                 per
                 omnia
                 exactè
                 non
                 congruit
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 echinatum
                 flore
                 luteo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 
                   Portum
                   Veneris
                
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
                 Palnta
                 haec
                 &
                 proximè
                 antecedens
                 à
                 F.
                 Columna
                 describuntur
                 .
                 Nostra
                 a.
                 ab
                 illius
                 nonnihil
                 diversa
                 videtur
                 ;
                 folia
                 enim
                 habet
                 ad
                 Alsinem
                 accedentia
                 &
                 ut
                 memini
                 nonn●hil
                 crenata
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 Alpinum
                 hirsutum
                 luteum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 petraeum
                 Ger.
                 petraeum
                 montanum
                 luteum
                 Park
                 .
                 Phyllon
                 thelygonon
                 Dalechampio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Saleva
                 Genevae
                 vicino
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 montanum
                 siliquosum
                 lore
                 albo
                 ,
                 an
                 Hesperidis
                 Alpinae
                 specis
                 ?
                 In
                 suprema
                 parte
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 ad
                 aquarum
                 scaturigines
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 montanum
                 minimum
                 non
                 acre
                 flore
                 purpurascente
                 parvo
                 .
                 In
                 altissimis
                 rupibus
                 Jurae
                 montis
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 minimum
                 non
                 acre
                 totum
                 rubrum
                 flore
                 hexaphyllo
                 purpureo
                 .
                 Cataniae
                 in
                 muris
                 &
                 tectis
                 copiose
                 .
              
               
                 Sedum
                 medium
                 flore
                 albo
                 staminibus
                 luteos
                 apices
                 gestantibus
                 .
                 In
                 muris
                 quibusdam
                 prope
                 Messanam
                 Siciliae
                 .
              
               
                 Sempervivum
                 v.
                 Sedum
                 .
              
               
                 Sonecio
                 folio
                 non
                 laciniato
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 folio
                 non
                 laciniato
                 Myconi
                 Park
                 .
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 folio
                 non
                 laciniato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sabulosis
                 inter
                 oppidum
                 Rot
                 &
                 Norimbergam
                 Germaniae
                 urbem
                 .
                 Eundem
                 etiam
                 Messanae
                 in
                 ascensu
                 montium
                 observavi
                 .
              
               
                 Sertolaria
                 Imperati
                 v.
                 Opuntia
                 morina
                 .
              
               
                 Seseli
                 Aethiopicum
                 Salicis
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ses
                 .
                 Aethiopicum
                 frutex
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                
                 Ses
                 .
                 Aethiopicum
                 fruticosum
                 folio
                 ●ericlymeni
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 rupibus
                 oppido
                 S.
                 Chamas
                 in
                 Gallo-provincia
                 vicinis
                 :
                 Aiunt
                 &
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 sponte
                 provenire
                 ;
                 verùm
                 nos
                 ibi
                 non
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Seseli
                 Creticum
                 minus
                 v.
                 Caucalis
                 minor
                 pulchro
                 semine
                 .
                 Massiliensium
                 v.
                 Foeniculum
                 tortuosum
                 .
                 Officinarum
                 v.
                 Siler
                 montanum
                 .
              
               
                 Sideritis
                 Monspessulana
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Scordioides
                 Ger.
                 Monspeliensis
                 Scordioides
                 Lob.
                 Monspellensis
                 Lobelii
                 Park
                 .
                 foliis
                 hirsutis
                 profundè
                 crenatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Monspelii
                 circa
                 patibulum
                 copiose
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 
                   aux
                   Garigues
                
                 .
              
               
                 Sideritis
                 vulgaris
                 Ger.
                 vulgaris
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 vulgaris
                 hirsuta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 hirsuta
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 vulgaris
                 hirsuta
                 erecta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Per
                 Germaniam
                 ,
                 Italiam
                 &
                 Galliam
                 in
                 agrorum
                 marginibus
                 vulgatissima
                 .
              
               
               
                 Sideritis
                 genus
                 verticill●
                 spinosis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Nar
                 bonetisi
                 prope
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 agris
                 .
                 Icon
                 Sideritidis
                 procumbentis
                 non
                 ramosae
                 Clus
                 .
                 huic
                 non
                 dissimilis
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Sideritis
                 Valerandi
                 Dourez
                 brevi
                 spieâ
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alpina
                 hyssopifolio
                 
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 montana
                 hyssopifolia
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 monte
                 Thuiri
                 ,
                 Attendantur
                 figure
                 &
                 descriptio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Nam
                 aliorum
                 neque
                 figurae
                 ,
                 neque
                 descriptiqnes
                 per
                 omnia
                 quadrant
                 .
              
               
                 Sideritis
                 pratensis
                 lutea
                 v.
                 Euphrasia
                 pratensis
                 lutea
                 .
              
               
                 Sigillum
                 Solomonis
                 v.
                 Polygonatum
                 .
              
               
                 Siler
                 montânum
                 Officinarum
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Seseli
                 sive
                 Siler
                 montanum
                 vulgare
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Siler
                 montanum
                 ,
                 vulgò
                 Siselios
                 Park
                 .
                 Ligustieuni
                 ,
                 quod
                 Seseli
                 officinatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Jura
                 &
                 Saleve
                 montibus
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 ,
                 snque
                 Alpibus
                 Pontiebae
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Siliqua
                 arbor
                 sive
                 Ceratia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Sil.
                 edulis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Sil.
                 dulcis
                 sive
                 vulgatior
                 Park
                 .
                 Ceratia
                 Siliqua
                 sive
                 Ceratonia
                 Ger.
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 non
                 longe
                 à
                 Puzallu
                 oppido
                 ,
                 &
                 sponte
                 &
                 copiosè
                 provenit
                 .
                 Offioinis
                 Caroba
                 dicitu
                 haec
                 arbor
                 ,
                 Germanis
                 &
                 Belgis
                 
                   Panis
                   S.
                   Johannis
                
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Siliquarum
                 (
                 ut
                 rectè
                 Plinius
                 )
                 cortex
                 ipse
                 manditur
                 ,
                 èstque
                 dulei
                 &
                 mellèo
                 sapore
                 ,
                 per
                 siccitatem
                 intellige
                 ,
                 nobis
                 tamen
                 nonnihil
                 nauseosus
                 &
                 ventriculo
                 ingratus
                 .
                 Miror
                 a
                 Veteres
                 scripsisse
                 quod
                 astringat
                 &
                 ventrem
                 sistat
                 ,
                 cum
                 nobis
                 (
                 quotquot
                 de
                 eo
                 contederimus
                 cùm
                 essemus
                 Venetlis
                 )
                 alvum
                 solvit
                 non
                 secus
                 ac
                 Cassia
                 .
                 Non
                 tamen
                 nega
                 verim
                 posse
                 eos
                 qui
                 huio
                 fructui
                 assueverunt
                 eo
                 innoxiè
                 vesci
                 .
              
               
                 Sinapi
                 Genevense
                 sylvostre
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 alveo
                 fluvii
                 Arve
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 copiosé
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 an
                 ab
                 alio
                 quoquam
                 descripta
                 sit
                 hesclo
                 .
              
               
                 sinapi
                 echinatum
                 v.
                 Bruca
                 echinata
                 .
              
               
                 Smilax
                 aspera
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 aspera
                 fructu
                 rubente
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 aspera
                 fructu
                 rub
                 .
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 in
                 sepibus
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Succedaneum
                 est
                 Sariaparillae
                 in
                 curanda
                 lue
                 Venerea
                 ,
                 inque
                 articulorum
                 &
                 nervorum
                 doloribus
                 ;
                 noxios
                 humores
                 per
                 sudorem
                 &
                 transpirationem
                 evacuat
                 ,
                 cutis
                 vitia
                 expurgar
                 .
                 Datu
                 vel
                 in
                 pulverem
                 redacta
                 vel
                 in
                 aqua
                 alióve
                 liquore
                 decocta
                 .
              
               
                 Smyrnium
                 Lob.
                 Creticum
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Creticum
                 perfoliatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 peregrinum
                 rotundo
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 
                   Pumto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 .
              
               
                 Solidago
                 Saracenica
                 
                   Dod.
                   Lob.
                
                 Sarasenica
                 vera
                 Salicis
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 Virga
                 aurea
                 angustifolia
                 serrata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 aurea
                 
                 angustifolia
                 serrata
                 ,
                 sive
                 Solidago
                 Saracenica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 fossis
                 prope
                 Argentoratum
                 ,
                 inque
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 ad
                 scaturigines
                 aquarum
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Vulneraria
                 insignis
                 censetur
                 ,
                 nec
                 Saniculae
                 aut
                 Bugulae
                 inferior
                 ,
                 usu
                 interno
                 &
                 externo
                 adhiberi
                 apta
                 .
              
               
                 Solanum
                 halicacabum
                 v.
                 Alkekengi
                 .
              
               
                 Solanum
                 vulgare
                 sive
                 Officinarum
                 acinis
                 Iuteis
                 .
                 Circa
                 Florentiam
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 in
                 vineis
                 .
                 Hanc
                 baccarum
                 differentiam
                 Matthiolus
                 etiam
                 olim
                 observavit
                 .
              
               
                 Sonchus
                 lanatus
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 villosus
                 luteus
                 major
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Sonchus
                 caeruleus
                 latifolius
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 montanus
                 I
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 laevis
                 laciniatus
                 caeruleus
                 sive
                 Alpinus
                 caeruleus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Alpinus
                 caeruleus
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 monte
                 Jura
                 ,
                 inque
                 montibus
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 caenobio
                 imminentibus
                 .
              
               
                 Sonchis
                 affinis
                 Terra-crepola
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Sonchus
                 laevis
                 angustifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Herba
                 quae
                 nobis
                 Monspelii
                 pro
                 Terra-crepola
                 oftensa
                 fuit
                 ,
                 similior
                 erat
                 figurae
                 sstius
                 plantae
                 quam
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 Chondrillis
                 asfinem
                 aliquam
                 laciniatam
                 an
                 Trinciatellam
                 nuncupat
                 .
                 Icones
                 Terra-crepolae
                 apud
                 Lobelium
                 ,
                 Gerardum
                 &
                 Parkinsonum
                 ei
                 bene
                 respondent
                 .
                 Apud
                 Monspelienses
                 in
                 acetariis
                 frequens
                 hujus
                 usus
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Soldanella
                 Alpina
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alpina
                 major
                 &
                 minor
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 rotundifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 monte
                 Jura
                 &
                 Alpibus
                 Sabaudicis
                 copiose
                 .
              
               
                 Sorbus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 domestica
                 Lob.
                 legitima
                 Park
                 .
                 sativa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 supra
                 Messanam
                 spontaneam
                 vidinius
                 .
                 In
                 alsiosis
                 montibus
                 ad
                 Rhenum
                 ;
                 neque
                 non
                 sylvis
                 Mediomatricum
                 ad
                 fluvios
                 Saram
                 &
                 Blisam
                 dictos
                 admodum
                 familiaris
                 ,
                 autore
                 Trago
                 .
                 Nos
                 Viennae
                 Austriae
                 Sorba
                 fructum
                 antea
                 nobis
                 incognitum
                 in
                 foro
                 primum
                 venalem
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Sorba
                 sed
                 praecipue
                 immatura
                 valde
                 astringunt
                 ,
                 unde
                 fluxui
                 cujuscunque
                 generis
                 conveniunt
                 ,
                 &
                 vomitum
                 etiam
                 sistunt
                 .
                 Pueris
                 qulbus
                 ob
                 dentitionem
                 alvus
                 fluit
                 commodè
                 exhibentur
                 .
              
               
                 Sorghum
                 v.
                 Melica
                 .
              
               
                 Speculum
                 Veneris
                 Ger.
                 majus
                 Park
                 .
                 Avicularia
                 Sylvii
                 quibusdam
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Onobrychis
                 arvensis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Campanula
                 arvensis
                 erecta
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 inter
                 segetes
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Spartum
                 max.
                 maritimum
                 Hollandicum
                 spica
                 secalinâ
                 .
                 In
                 arenosis
                 ad
                 vicum
                 Schevelingam
                 ,
                 uno
                 ab
                 Haga
                 Comitum
                 milliari
                 .
              
               
               
                 Spartium
                 arborescens
                 v.
                 Genista
                 Hispanîca
                 .
              
               
                 Staphy
                 lodendron
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Nux
                 vesicaria
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Pistacia
                 ●
                 sive
                 sylvestris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   The
                   Bladder-nut
                   Tree
                
                 .
                 In
                 clivis
                 maritimis
                 Regni
                 Neapolitani
                 prope
                 Salernum
                 .
              
               
                 Stella
                 leguminosa
                 v.
                 Glaux
                 peregrina
                 annua
                 .
              
               
                 Stoebe
                 Salamantica
                 prima
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Salmanticensis
                 prior
                 Clusio
                 ,
                 sive
                 Jacea
                 inty
                 bacea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 argentea
                 major
                 Ger.
                 major
                 foliis
                 Cichoraceis
                 ,
                 moliibus
                 lanuginosis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 passim
                 ,
                 nec
                 minùs
                 frequens
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 Stoebe
                 calyculis
                 argenteis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 argentea
                 minor
                 Ger.
                 Salamantica
                 argentea
                 sive
                 tertia
                 Clusii
                 Park
                 .
                 Scabiosa
                 squammata
                 argentea
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 prope
                 Tropiam
                 Calabriae
                 urbecuolam
                 .
              
               
                 Stoebe
                 major
                 calyculis
                 non
                 splendentibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Austriaca
                 elatior
                 Park
                 .
                 Centaurli
                 majoris
                 species
                 tenuifolia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 frequens
                 .
              
               
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 Germanica
                 latiore
                 folio
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Elichryson
                 sive
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 latifolla
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Amarantus
                 luteus
                 latifolius
                 Ger.
                 In
                 sterilioribus
                 prope
                 Rhenum
                 supra
                 Coloniam
                 Agrippinam
                 plurima
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 flores
                 vino
                 decocti
                 &
                 poti
                 lumbricos
                 ventris
                 tris
                 expellunt
                 ,
                 quod
                 ego
                 experientia
                 verum
                 esse
                 didici
                 .
                 Trag.
                 
              
               
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 tenuifolia
                 Narbonensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Elichrysum
                 sive
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 angustifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 sive
                 Amarantus
                 luteus
                 Ger.
                 Chrysocome
                 sive
                 coma
                 aurea
                 &
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 vulgatissima
                 .
              
               
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 altera
                 tenuifolia
                 sive
                 Italica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Elichrysum
                 foliis
                 oblongis
                 ,
                 Staechadi
                 citrinae
                 similis
                 Dod.
                 In
                 montibus
                 Liguriae
                 non
                 procul
                 Gavia
                 oppido
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
              
               
                 Stoechadi
                 citrinae
                 affinis
                 ,
                 capitulis
                 parvis
                 ,
                 raris
                 ,
                 squamosis
                 ,
                 in
                 pappos
                 evanescentibus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Elichryson
                 sylv
                 .
                 angustifolium
                 capitulis
                 conglobatis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 altera
                 odora
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 saxis
                 &
                 rupium
                 fissuris
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 variis
                 in
                 locis
                 .
              
               
                 Stoechas
                 citrina
                 altera
                 odora
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   v.
                
                 Chrysocome
                 .
              
               
                 Stoechas
                 sive
                 Spica
                 hortulana
                 Ger.
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 purpurea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 St.
                 Arabica
                 vulgo
                 dicta
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylva
                 Grammon
                 &
                 alibi
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 itemque
                 medio
                 circiter
                 itinere
                 inter
                 Monspelium
                 &
                 Arelaten
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Stoechas
                 Arabica
                 praecipui
                 usûs
                 est
                 in
                 affectibus
                 capitis
                 ac
                 nervorum
                 ,
                 sc
                 .
                 in
                 vertigine
                 ,
                 Apoplexia
                 ,
                 Paralysi
                 ac
                 Lethargo
                 :
                 in
                 morbis
                 pectoris
                 idem
                 praestat
                 quod
                 
                 Hyssopus
                 .
                 Insuper
                 urinam
                 &
                 menses
                 ciet
                 ,
                 venenis
                 resistit
                 ,
                 affectibus
                 hypochondriacis
                 succurrit
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 in
                 lotionibus
                 capitis
                 ,
                 suffitu
                 ,
                 &c.
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Stoechadis
                 citrinae
                 flores
                 diuretici
                 sunt
                 &
                 vulnerarii
                 ,
                 usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 obstructione
                 urinae
                 ,
                 epatis
                 ,
                 lienis
                 ,
                 mensium
                 ;
                 coagulatum
                 sanguinem
                 resolvunt
                 ,
                 catarrhos
                 exiccant
                 ,
                 menses
                 nimios
                 sistunt
                 ,
                 lumbricos
                 fugant
                 :
                 Commendantur
                 &
                 inprimis
                 ad
                 exiccandas
                 deflluxiones
                 acres
                 pulmonum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Extrinsecus
                 faciunt
                 ad
                 emo●iendam
                 uteri
                 duritiem
                 (
                 in
                 balneo
                 )
                 lendes
                 abigunt
                 (
                 in●lixivio
                 )
                 capitis
                 defluxiones
                 siccant
                 &
                 discutiunt
                 (
                 susfitu
                 .
                 )
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 Styrax
                 arbor
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 St.
                 arbor
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Styrax
                 folio
                 mali
                 cotonei
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Tusculum
                 in
                 sepibus
                 &
                 sylvis
                 copiosé
                 :
                 ubi
                 &
                 Caesalpinus
                 eam
                 observavit
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Styrax
                 cephalicus
                 inprimis
                 est
                 &
                 nervinus
                 ;
                 medetur
                 tusli
                 ,
                 catarrhis
                 ,
                 raucedini
                 ,
                 gravedini
                 ;
                 vulvae
                 praeclusae
                 duritiéve
                 laboranti
                 extra
                 &
                 intra
                 datus
                 convenit
                 .
                 Immiscetur
                 cardiacis
                 &
                 laetificantibus
                 ,
                 alvum
                 leniter
                 mollit
                 si
                 cum
                 Terebinthinâ
                 in
                 forma
                 Catapotii
                 assumatur
                 .
                 Miscetur
                 utiliter
                 malagmatis
                 discutientibus
                 &
                 acopis
                 .
                 
                   Scbrod
                   .
                   è
                   Diosc
                
                 .
              
               
                 Suber
                 latisolium
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 latifolium
                 perpetuò
                 virens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   The
                   broad-leaved
                   Cork-tree
                
                 .
                 D.
                 Willughby
                 hane
                 arborem
                 observavit
                 itinere
                 à
                 Neapoli
                 ad
                 Romam
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Cortex
                 tritus
                 ex
                 aqua
                 calida
                 potus
                 sanguinis
                 fluxum
                 sistit
                 .
                 Ejusdem
                 cinis
                 ad
                 idem
                 valet
                 .
                 Usus
                 ejus
                 est
                 ad
                 anchoralia
                 navium
                 ,
                 piscantium
                 tragulas
                 ,
                 cadorum
                 obturamenta
                 ,
                 foeminarum
                 calceatum
                 hybernum
                 ,
                 alvearia
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Detrahendis
                 corticibus
                 haec
                 est
                 ratio
                 .
                 Quà
                 stipes
                 telluri
                 committitur
                 ,
                 circumscinditur
                 ad
                 lignosam
                 usque
                 materiam
                 ,
                 paritérque
                 ,
                 in
                 summis
                 humeris
                 antequam
                 in
                 brachia
                 dividat
                 sese
                 :
                 mox
                 à
                 summo
                 ad
                 imum
                 fiditur
                 detrahitúrque
                 cortex
                 .
                 Non
                 explanantur
                 aqua
                 sed
                 igni
                 ,
                 nec
                 demuntur
                 cortices
                 nisi
                 tertio
                 mox
                 anno
                 .
                 Quod
                 si
                 paucis
                 diebus
                 à
                 tonsura
                 largi
                 imbres
                 supervenerint
                 ,
                 arbor
                 interit
                 :
                 quod
                 rarò
                 evenit
                 nimirum
                 regione
                 calida
                 &
                 sicca
                 ,
                 &
                 temporum
                 observatione
                 rarò
                 sallente
                 .
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   è
                   Quinquerano
                
                 .
              
               
                 Sumách
                 v.
                 Rhus
                 .
              
               
                 Symphytum
                 maculosum
                 v.
                 Pulmonaria
                 maculosa
                 .
              
               
                 Sysirynchium
                 majus
                 
                   Ger.
                   Clus
                   .
                   Park
                
                 .
                 majus
                 flore
                 luteâ
                 maculâ
                 notato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Iridi
                 bulbosae
                 affine
                 Sysirynchium
                 majus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 lingua
                 illa
                 quae
                 Portum
                 Messanensem
                 à
                 Freto
                 Siculo
                 dividit
                 ,
                 &
                 in
                 insula
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Pachynum
                 ,
                 utrobique
                 copiosé
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 T
              
               
                 TAmarix
                 v.
                 Myrica
                 .
              
               
                 Tanacetum
                 inodorum
                 Park
                 .
                 non
                 odorum
                 Ger.
                 montanum
                 inodorum
                 minore
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 album
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 colle
                 
                   la
                   Bastie
                
                 propè
                 Genevam
                 &
                 ad
                 Rhodani
                 ripas
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Haec
                 planta
                 florem
                 habet
                 radiatum
                 Bellidis
                 majoris
                 aemulum
                 ,
                 ideóque
                 cùm
                 nec
                 odorem
                 Tanaceti
                 habeat
                 ,
                 rectiùs
                 ad
                 Bellides
                 refertur
                 ,
                 &
                 Bellis
                 leucanthemo●
                 Tanaceti
                 follo
                 à
                 D.
                 Morrisono
                 denominatur
                 .
              
               
                 Tarton-raire
                 Gallo-provinciae
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                
                 Massiliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 Massil
                 .
                 Sanamunda
                 1
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Thymelaea
                 foliis
                 candicantibus
                 ,
                 Serici
                 instar
                 mollibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 rupibus
                 maritimis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Salerno
                 .
              
               
                 Telephium
                 Scorpioides
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   v.
                
                 Scorpioides
                 .
              
               
                 Terrae
                 glandes
                 v.
                 Chamaebalanus
                 leguminosa
                 .
              
               
                 Terebinthus
                 
                   Ger.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgaris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 angustiore
                 folio
                 vulgatior
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 :
                 invenimus
                 eam
                 &
                 in
                 Etruria
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 1.
                 
                 Terebinthi
                 folia
                 ,
                 fructus
                 ,
                 cortex
                 (
                 tradente
                 Dioscoride
                 )
                 quâ
                 pollent
                 adstringendi
                 vi
                 ,
                 ad
                 eadem
                 ad
                 quae
                 Lentiscus
                 conveniunt
                 .
                 Ejus
                 fructus
                 esculentus
                 est
                 ,
                 at
                 stomacho
                 noxius
                 ,
                 urinam
                 verò
                 ciet
                 &
                 excalefacit
                 .
                 Est
                 &
                 ad
                 excitandam
                 venerem
                 aptissimus
                 :
                 ex
                 vino
                 verò
                 potus
                 contra
                 Phalangiorum
                 morsus
                 prodest
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Species
                 sunt
                 Gallae
                 ,
                 magnitudine
                 Avellanae
                 ,
                 intus
                 cavae
                 ,
                 provenientos
                 ex
                 excrescentiis
                 foliorum
                 Terebinthorum
                 masculorum
                 .
                 Has
                 colligunt
                 Rustici
                 Thraciae
                 &
                 Macedoniae
                 ,
                 ac
                 carè
                 vendunt
                 ad
                 tingenda
                 serica
                 subtilia
                 diversis
                 coloribus
                 in
                 urbe
                 Bource
                 .
                 Colligunt
                 a
                 vere
                 quo
                 tempore
                 nisi
                 colligerentur
                 ,
                 in
                 longitudinem
                 semipedalem
                 excrescerent
                 ad
                 formam
                 cornu
                 .
                 Bellon
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Quae
                 pro
                 Resina
                 terebinthina
                 in
                 officinis
                 habetur
                 vel
                 Laricis
                 resina
                 est
                 vel
                 abietis
                 ,
                 nam
                 vera
                 terebinthina
                 ad
                 nos
                 hodie
                 non
                 adfertur
                 ,
                 Botanicorum
                 unanimi
                 sententiâ
                 .
                 Resinae
                 autem
                 vires
                 &
                 usus
                 vide
                 sub
                 Pinu
                 .
              
               
                 Teucrium
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 majus
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 latifolium
                 Ger.
                 Teucrium
                 multis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Italia
                 perquam
                 familiare
                 .
              
               
               
                 Teucrium
                 Baeticum
                 Ger.
                 Baeticum
                 &
                 Creticum
                 Clusii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Teucrium
                 Creticum
                 &
                 Teucrium
                 Baeticum
                 Park
                 .
                 nam
                 putamus
                 haec
                 duo
                 non
                 differre
                 specie
                 .
                 Teuct
                 .
                 peregrinum
                 folio
                 sinuoso
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 &
                 Teucrium
                 Creticum
                 incanum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Propè
                 Syracusas
                 ,
                 in
                 insula
                 ad
                 Promont
                 .
                 Pachynum
                 ,
                 circa
                 Puzallu
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
                 Invenit
                 D.
                 Willughby
                 in
                 itinere
                 à
                 Neapoli
                 ad
                 Romam
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Ut
                 facie
                 sic
                 viribus
                 cum
                 Chamaedry
                 convenit
                 .
                 Veteres
                 lienem
                 absumendi
                 validam
                 vim
                 ei
                 attribuunt
                 .
              
               
                 Teucrium
                 majus
                 Pannonicum
                 v.
                 Chamaedrys
                 falsa
                 maxima
                 .
              
               
                 Alpinum
                 cisti
                 flore
                 v.
                 Chamaedrys
                 .
              
               
                 Thalictrum
                 angustissimo
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 pratense
                 angustiss
                 .
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Prodr
                
                 .
                 A'd
                 fluvium
                 Lycum
                 propè
                 Augustam
                 Vindelicorum
                 in
                 Germania
                 .
              
               
                 Thalictrum
                 majus
                 Hispanicum
                 
                   Ger.
                   em●c
                
                 .
                 majus
                 album
                 Hispanicum
                 Park
                 .
                 maj
                 .
                 folliculis
                 angulosis
                 ,
                 caule
                 laevi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 4
                 ,
                 sive
                 majus
                 florum
                 staminulis
                 purpurascentibus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 Jurae
                 montis
                 circa
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 Thapsia
                 latifolia
                 Hispanica
                 Park
                 .
                 latifolia
                 Clusii
                 Ger.
                 Thapsia
                 1
                 Clusii
                 latifolia
                 ,
                 flore
                 luteo
                 ,
                 semine
                 lato
                 ,
                 similis
                 Seseli
                 Pelóponnensi
                 Lobelii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 An
                 Thapsia
                 sive
                 Turbith
                 Garganicum
                 semine
                 latissimo
                 ejusdem
                 ?
                 Messanae
                 pro
                 Turbith
                 utuntur
                 hac
                 planta
                 ,
                 ut
                 recte
                 notat
                 Imperatus
                 ,
                 
                   v.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Messanae
                 in
                 lingula
                 saepiùs
                 memorat●
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Haec
                 planta
                 violenter
                 admodum
                 purgat
                 ,
                 ideóque
                 in
                 ea
                 exhibenda
                 cauto
                 opus
                 est
                 .
                 Messanenses
                 ,
                 ut
                 dictum
                 ,
                 pro
                 Turbith
                 eâ
                 utuntur
                 ,
                 cujus
                 vires
                 notae
                 .
                 v.
                 Schroderum
                 &
                 alios
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 clypeatum
                 hieracifolium
                 majus
                 Park
                 .
                 biscutatum
                 asperum
                 hieracifolium
                 &
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 clypeatum
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 Lunaria
                 biscutata
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Germania
                 ,
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 variis
                 in
                 locis
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 minus
                 clypeatum
                 Ger.
                 clyp
                 .
                 minus
                 Serpylli
                 folio
                 Park
                 .
                 clyp
                 .
                 Serpylli
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lunaria
                 peltata
                 minima
                 ,
                 quibusdam
                 ad
                 Thlaspi
                 referenda
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Monspelium
                 sed
                 rarius
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 Candiae
                 Ger.
                 umbellatum
                 Creticum
                 Iberidis
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Creticum
                 quibusdam
                 flore
                 rubente
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvis
                 montosis
                 prope
                 Salernum
                 in
                 Regno
                 Neapolitano
                 ,
                 &
                 Viterbum
                 in
                 Etruria
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 umbellatum
                 arvense
                 amarum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 umbellatum
                 arvense
                 Iberidis
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Thl.
                 amarum
                 Ger.
                 Inter
                 segetes
                 in
                 monte
                 Saleva
                 ,
                 &
                 c●●ca
                 Thutri
                 da●bus
                 à
                 Geneva
                 leucis
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
               
                 Thlaspi
                 umbellatum
                 Nasturtii
                 folio
                 Monspeliacum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 umbellatum
                 Narbonense
                 Ger.
                 umbellatum
                 ,
                 tenuiter
                 diviso
                 folio
                 ,
                 amarum
                 Narbonense
                 Lobelii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 agris
                 
                   Castri
                   novi
                
                 Monspelio
                 vicinis
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 spinosum
                 Ger.
                 spinosum
                 fruticosum
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Leucoium
                 spinosum
                 ,
                 sive
                 Thlaspi
                 spinosum
                 aliis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 summis
                 rupibus
                 montis
                 Lupi
                 ,
                 tribus
                 Monspelio
                 leucis
                 distantis
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 capsulis
                 sublongis
                 incanum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 fruticosum
                 incanum
                 
                   Ger.
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 incanum
                 Mechliniense
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 agro
                 Romano
                 abundat
                 ,
                 ad
                 hyemem
                 usque
                 florens
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 Narbonense
                 Centunculi
                 angusto
                 folio
                 Ad.
                 Narbonense
                 Lobelii
                 Ger.
                 Nasturtium
                 vel
                 Thlaspi
                 maritimum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Thlaspi
                 .
                 Alysson
                 dictum
                 maritimum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 Mare
                 Mediterraneum
                 ubique
                 feré
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 minus
                 quibusdam
                 ,
                 aliis
                 Alysson
                 minus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Thl.
                 Alysson
                 dictum
                 campestre
                 minus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Thlaspi
                 arvense
                 minus
                 luteum
                 Park
                 .
                 Thlaspi
                 Graecum
                 Lob.
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 in
                 glareosis
                 passim
                 ,
                 atque
                 etiam
                 circa
                 Moguntiam
                 ,
                 &
                 Monspel
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 oleraceum
                 Tab.
                 rotundisolium
                 Ger.
                 arvense
                 perfoliatum
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Bursa
                 pastoris
                 ,
                 foliis
                 Perfoliatae
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Bresciam
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Genevam
                 in
                 Gallia
                 .
              
               
                 Thlaspi
                 Alpinum
                 minus
                 capitulo
                 rotundo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 petraeum
                 minus
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 petraeum
                 myagryodes
                 Ponae
                 .
                 In
                 rupibus
                 humidioribus
                 montium
                 Jurae
                 &
                 Salevae
                 .
              
               
                 Thora
                 Valdensis
                 Ger.
                 Phthora
                 folio
                 Cyclamini
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Aconitum
                 pardalianches
                 II
                 ,
                 seu
                 Thora
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 itemque
                 I
                 ,
                 seu
                 Thora
                 major
                 eorundem
                 .
                 Non
                 enim
                 concesserim
                 has
                 duas
                 specie
                 differre
                 .
                 In
                 altissimis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 propè
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 Thymelaea
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 foliis
                 Lini
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Monspeliaca
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 agris
                 depressioribus
                 ,
                 inter
                 alios
                 frutices
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Hujus
                 plantae
                 fructum
                 coccum
                 seu
                 Granum
                 Gnidium
                 vocant
                 herbarii
                 peritiores
                 .
                 Ast
                 Officinis
                 nostris
                 Mezerei
                 Germanici
                 baccae
                 Cocci
                 Gnidii
                 appellantur
                 ,
                 monente
                 Schrodero
                 .
                 Cocco
                 Gnidio
                 vis
                 ardens
                 est
                 &
                 fauces
                 adurens
                 ,
                 Undè
                 mirum
                 nobis
                 videtur
                 quod
                 scribit
                 Clufius
                 ,
                 Fructu
                 Thymelaeae
                 maturo
                 &
                 rubro
                 Perdices
                 &
                 aviculas
                 avidissimè
                 vesci
                 .
              
               
                 Thymelaea
                 minor
                 Cordi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Thymelaeae
                 affinis
                 facie
                 externa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Thymelaea
                 minor
                 sive
                 Cneorum
                 Matthioli
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 circa
                 Basileam
                 &
                 alibi
                 .
              
               
               
                 Thymelaea
                 quaedam
                 incana
                 Genevensis
                 .
                 In
                 sylyosis
                 rupibus
                 ad
                 latera
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 ex
                 parte
                 quae
                 Genevam
                 respicit
                 ,
                 è
                 saxorum
                 sissuris
                 .
              
               
                 Thymelaea
                 tomentosa
                 v.
                 Sanamunda
                 .
                 foliis
                 candicantibus
                 v.
                 Tarton-raire
                 .
              
               
                 Thymum
                 Creticum
                 Ger.
                 Creticum
                 sive
                 .
                 Antiquorum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Thymus
                 capitatus
                 ,
                 qui
                 Dioscoridis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Thymum
                 legitimum
                 capitatum
                 Park
                 In
                 saxosis
                 prope
                 Syracusas
                 .
              
               
                 Thymum
                 durius
                 Ger.
                 durius
                 vulgare
                 Park
                 .
                 vulgare
                 rigidius
                 folio
                 cinereo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 vulgare
                 folio
                 tenuiore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 vix
                 alia
                 communior
                 planta
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Usus
                 hujus
                 herbae
                 praecip
                 .
                 in
                 affectibus
                 Tartareis
                 ,
                 (
                 1.
                 )
                 Pulmonum
                 ,
                 ut
                 Asthmate
                 ,
                 tussi
                 .
                 (
                 2.
                 )
                 Artuum
                 ,
                 ut
                 Podagrae
                 ;
                 omnia
                 viscera
                 reserat
                 ,
                 appetitum
                 excitat
                 .
                 Extrinsecus
                 in
                 tumoribus
                 frigidis
                 ,
                 sugillationibus
                 ,
                 inslationibus
                 ventriculi
                 ,
                 doloribus
                 arthriticis
                 .
                 Schrol
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 folio
                 longo
                 glauco
                 ,
                 caule
                 rubro
                 ,
                 seminibus
                 verrucosis
                 .
                 Prope
                 Meslanam
                 .
                 Elatior
                 &
                 major
                 est
                 multo
                 Tithymalo
                 verrucoso
                 vulgari
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 arboreus
                 Park
                 .
                 dendroides
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 dendroides
                 ex
                 codice
                 Caesareo
                 Ger.
                 dendroides
                 ,
                 Italis
                 
                   Tithymalo
                   arboreo
                   Lob.
                
                 myrtifolius
                 arboreus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Sed
                 cur
                 appellat
                 myrtifolium
                 ,
                 cùm
                 folia
                 ejus
                 magìs
                 accedant
                 ad
                 Mezereon
                 Germanicum
                 ?
                 In
                 montosis
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Massa
                 prope
                 Salernum
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 ,
                 ubi
                 in
                 magnum
                 &
                 lignosum
                 fruticem
                 adolescit
                 .
              
               
                 Tihymalus
                 non
                 acris
                 flore
                 rubro
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Esula
                 sive
                 Pityusa
                 III
                 ,
                 i
                 e
                 Tithymalus
                 montanus
                 non
                 acris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 qui
                 huc
                 refert
                 Esulam
                 dulcem
                 Tragi
                 ,
                 &
                 Pityusam
                 ,
                 sive
                 Esulam
                 minorem
                 alteram
                 floribus
                 rubris
                 
                   Lob.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Planta
                 quam
                 volumus
                 optimè
                 descripta
                 est
                 ●
                 J.
                 Bauhino
                 :
                 olim
                 nobis
                 missa
                 suit
                 Londino
                 sub
                 titulo
                 
                   Apios
                   tuberosa
                   radice
                
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 myrsinites
                 
                   Lob.
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 myrtifolius
                 latifolius
                 Ger.
                 Figura
                 quam
                 Gerardus
                 exhibet
                 pro
                 Tith
                 .
                 myrtifolio
                 latifolio
                 ,
                 Parkinsonus
                 dat
                 pro
                 myrsinite
                 incano
                 .
                 Tith
                 .
                 myrsinites
                 latifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Juxta
                 arcem
                 Rhegii
                 in
                 Calabria
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 myrsinites
                 angustifolius
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 Parkinsonus
                 hujus
                 iconem
                 ponit
                 pro
                 Tithymalo
                 myrsinite
                 Lob.
                 Verùm
                 hae
                 duae
                 plantae
                 specifice
                 inter
                 se
                 differunt
                 :
                 haec
                 enim
                 minor
                 est
                 ,
                 sed
                 tamen
                 erectior
                 priore
                 :
                 Folia
                 habet
                 angustiora
                 &
                 crebriora
                 ;
                 bene
                 etiam
                 respondet
                 figurae
                 Lobeliane
                 .
                 Invenimus
                 prope
                 Massiliam
                 ubi
                 &
                 Tragacantham
                 ,
                 juxta
                 mare
                 .
              
               
               
                 Tithymalus
                 pineus
                 Ger.
                 foliis
                 Pini
                 ,
                 fortè
                 Dioscoridis
                 Pityusa
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Pityusa
                 ,
                 Tithymalus
                 pineus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Esula
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 Tithymalo
                 cyparissiae
                 similis
                 ,
                 Pityusa
                 multis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Crepidines
                 sabulosae
                 fluminum
                 &
                 vicini
                 colles
                 frequentiùs
                 hunc
                 alunt
                 ,
                 inquit
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 quod
                 &
                 nobis
                 experientia
                 confirmat
                 ,
                 nam
                 in
                 locis
                 similibus
                 secus
                 Rhenum
                 copiosum
                 vidimus
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 Amygdaloides
                 sive
                 characias
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 characias
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 rubens
                 peregrinus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 characias
                 Monspeliensium
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 saxosis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 quin
                 &
                 in
                 Italia
                 circa
                 Lericium
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 saepiùs
                 nobis
                 conspectus
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 serratus
                 Dalechampii
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 characias
                 serratus
                 Ger.
                 characias
                 folio
                 serrato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 char
                 .
                 serratus
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 passim
                 &
                 copiosè
                 circa
                 Nemausum
                 ,
                 Monspelium
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 Thtiymalus
                 verrucosus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 verrucosus
                 Dalechampii
                 Park
                 .
                 myrsinites
                 ,
                 fructu
                 verrucae
                 simili
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 pagum
                 Thuiri
                 duabus
                 à
                 Geneva
                 leucis
                 ,
                 quin
                 &
                 in
                 Germania
                 aliquoties
                 eum
                 invenimus
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 magnus
                 multicaulis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Esula
                 major
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Pityusa
                 sive
                 Esula
                 II
                 ,
                 i.
                 e.
                 Tithymalus
                 palustris
                 fruticosus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Esula
                 major
                 Germanica
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 In
                 Germania
                 ad
                 Rhenum
                 copiosissimè
                 ;
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 quoque
                 &
                 in
                 planis
                 campis
                 agri
                 Lugdunensis
                 ,
                 per
                 quos
                 Genevâ
                 Lugdunum
                 iter
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Tithymalus
                 palustris
                 Pisanus
                 .
                 An
                 Tithym
                 .
                 myrsinites
                 incanus
                 herbariorum
                 ?
                 Frequens
                 in
                 paludibus
                 Pisanis
                 ,
                 unde
                 non
                 dubito
                 hanc
                 esse
                 quam
                 intelligit
                 Caesalpinus
                 per
                 suum
                 Tithymalum
                 palustrem
                 .
                 Folia
                 ejus
                 hirsuta
                 sunt
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 Tithymali
                 characiae
                 amygdaloides
                 nostratis
                 folia
                 accedunt
                 .
              
               
                 Tordylium
                 minus
                 v.
                 Caucalis
                 minor
                 pulchro
                 semine
                 .
              
               
                 Trachelium
                 parvum
                 folio
                 Bellidis
                 subrotundo
                 .
                 Radix
                 ei
                 alba
                 ,
                 simplex
                 ,
                 lignosa
                 ,
                 annua
                 :
                 Caulis
                 erectus
                 ,
                 striatus
                 :
                 Folia
                 alternatim
                 posita
                 ,
                 subrotunda
                 ,
                 sine
                 pediculis
                 caulibus
                 adnexa
                 .
                 Flores
                 Trachelii
                 majoris
                 .
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 .
              
               
                 Trachelium
                 Alpinum
                 &c.
                 v.
                 Echium
                 Alpinum
                 luteum
                 .
              
               
                 Tragacantha
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 vera
                 Park
                 .
                 Massiliensis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Tragacantha
                 ,
                 sive
                 Spina
                 hirci
                 Ger.
                 Ad
                 lat●ra
                 montis
                 Aetnae
                 ,
                 14
                 supra
                 Cataniam
                 milliaribus
                 ,
                 prope
                 nivis
                 repositoria
                 .
                 Circa
                 Massiliam
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 ,
                 Fortè
                 tamen
                 Massiliensis
                 ab
                 Aetnaea
                 specie
                 differt
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 E
                 radice
                 hujus
                 plantae
                 incisa
                 ,
                 vel
                 (
                 ut
                 alii
                 volunt
                 )
                 sponte
                 sua
                 exudat
                 gummi
                 Tragacantha
                 pariter
                 dictum
                 ,
                 
                 cujus
                 usus
                 praecip
                 .
                 ad
                 tussim
                 inveteratam
                 ,
                 fauces
                 exasperatas
                 ,
                 retusas
                 voces
                 ,
                 caeterásque
                 destillationes
                 (
                 cum
                 melle
                 fit
                 linctus
                 ,
                 subditúrve
                 linguae
                 ut
                 liquescat
                 )
                 contra
                 renum
                 dolorem
                 &
                 vesicae
                 rosiones
                 (
                 in
                 passovel
                 brodio
                 )
                 in
                 dysenteria
                 .
                 Extrinsecùs
                 ad
                 dysenteriam
                 in
                 clysteribus
                 ,
                 ad
                 rubedinem
                 &
                 acres
                 destillationes
                 oculorum
                 (
                 soluta
                 in
                 aqua
                 rosacea
                 vel
                 lacte
                 )
                 ad
                 palpebrarum
                 scabritiem
                 .
                 Dos
                 .
                 ʒj
                 .
                 Schrod
                 .
              
               
                 Tragium
                 v.
                 Androsaemum
                 foetidum
                 .
              
               
                 Tragorchis
                 v.
                 Orchis
                 .
              
               
                 Tragopogon
                 perenne
                 ,
                 sive
                 Scorzonera
                 fol.
                 angustis
                 incanis
                 ,
                 floribus
                 dilutè
                 purpureis
                 .
                 In
                 insula
                 ad
                 Prom.
                 Pachynum
                 .
              
               
                 Tragos
                 sive
                 Uva
                 marina
                 major
                 herbariorum
                 Lob.
                 Uva
                 marina
                 major
                 Ger.
                 Tragos
                 sive
                 Uva
                 marina
                 major
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Polygonum
                 bacciferum
                 maritimum
                 majus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 prope
                 
                   Punto
                   Cerciolo
                
                 ,
                 ubi
                 humanam
                 altitudinem
                 aequat
                 .
                 Polygonum
                 bacciferum
                 sive
                 Uva
                 marina
                 major
                 Park
                 .
              
               
                 Tragos
                 sive
                 Uva
                 marina
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Uva
                 marina
                 minor
                 Ger.
                 Polygonum
                 bacciferum
                 maritimum
                 minus
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Polygonum
                 bacciferum
                 minus
                 ,
                 sive
                 Uva
                 marina
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 arenosis
                 litoribus
                 prope
                 montem
                 Ceti
                 &
                 Frontignanam
                 ,
                 atque
                 etiam
                 in
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 vicinis
                 .
              
               
                 Tribulus
                 terrestris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 terrest
                 .
                 ciceris
                 folio
                 ,
                 fructu
                 aculeato
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 passim
                 .
                 Seriùs
                 &
                 sub
                 Autumnum
                 floret
                 .
              
               
                 Trifolium
                 bituminosum
                 Ger.
                 Asphaltites
                 sive
                 bituminosum
                 Park
                 .
                 bitumen
                 redolens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Asphaltites
                 sive
                 bituminosum
                 odoratum
                 
                   J
                   ▪
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ,
                 Sicilia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 ,
                 in
                 saxosis
                 collibus
                 non
                 procul
                 à
                 mari
                 .
              
               
                 Trifolium
                 Alpinum
                 argenteum
                 Park
                 .
                 Alpinum
                 argenteum
                 ,
                 Persici
                 flore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 praeruptis
                 altissimorum
                 montium
                 max.
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 imminentium
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Trifolium
                 capitulis
                 globosis
                 sine
                 pediculis
                 caulibus
                 adnatis
                 .
                 Circa
                 Mestanam
                 Siciliae
                 metropolin
                 alteram
                 .
                 Hanc
                 speciem
                 nuper
                 invenimus
                 in
                 agro
                 Suffolciensi
                 .
              
               
                 Trifolium
                 cochleatum
                 echinatum
                 ,
                 peltatum
                 ,
                 orbiculatum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 v.
                 Medica
                 .
              
               
                 Trifolium
                 fragiferum
                 sive
                 vesicarium
                 floribus
                 nitidis
                 rubellis
                 .
                 Circa
                 Liburnum
                 portum
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 .
                 Non
                 longé
                 absimile
                 est
                 ,
                 imò
                 fortè
                 idem
                 Trifolio
                 folliculaceo
                 sive
                 vesicario
                 minori
                 purpureo
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 
              
               
                 Trifolium
                 fruticans
                 v.
                 Polemonium
                 .
              
               
                 Trifolium
                 pratense
                 album
                 à
                 Fuchsio
                 depictum
                 sive
                 mas
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alii
                 Botanici
                 speciem
                 hanc
                 cum
                 Trifolio
                 albo
                 vulgari
                 confundunt
                 ,
                 à
                 quo
                 tamen
                 diversissima
                 est
                 .
                 Circa
                 Genevam
                 in
                 pascu●s
                 &
                 ad
                 agrorum
                 margines
                 .
              
               
               
                 Trifolium
                 stellatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 stellatum
                 Monspeliensium
                 Park
                 .
                 stellatum
                 purpureum
                 Monspessulanum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ad
                 radices
                 Vesuvii
                 montis
                 copiosè
                 ;
                 nec
                 minùs
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 ,
                 &
                 Monspelium
                 in
                 Gallia
                 Narbonensi
                 .
              
               
                 Trifolium
                 annuum
                 erectum
                 capitulis
                 è
                 glumis
                 acerosis
                 conflatis
                 .
                 Hanc
                 speciem
                 in
                 Regno
                 Neapolitano
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 collegi
                 ,
                 cùm
                 Messanâ
                 Neapolin
                 redirem
                 .
              
               
                 Tripolium
                 minus
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   C.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 minus
                 vulgare
                 Ger.
                 Ad
                 mare
                 prope
                 Monspelium
                 .
                 Omnibus
                 suis
                 partibus
                 nostrate
                 minus
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 Tubera
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 Tuber
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Tubera
                 terrae
                 
                   Ger.
                   Truffles
                
                 .
                 Tartufali
                 
                   the
                   Italians
                   call
                   them
                
                 .
                 Haec
                 quamvis
                 è
                 terra
                 ipsi
                 nunquam
                 eruimus
                 ,
                 quia
                 tamen
                 tum
                 in
                 Lombardia
                 tum
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 &
                 Gallia
                 ex
                 agris
                 vicinis
                 petita
                 nobis
                 in
                 cibis
                 apposita
                 sunt
                 ,
                 noluimus
                 omittere
                 .
                 Sunt
                 autem
                 tubera
                 magno
                 hodie
                 in
                 pretio
                 apud
                 gulae
                 proceres
                 ,
                 tum
                 saporis
                 gratiâ
                 ,
                 tum
                 maximè
                 quòd
                 Veneris
                 incentiva
                 sint
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Ratio
                 seu
                 modus
                 quo
                 (
                 ut
                 nobis
                 relatum
                 est
                 )
                 rustici
                 tubera
                 exquirunt
                 ,
                 aut
                 si
                 vis
                 venantur
                 ,
                 perridiculus
                 est
                 :
                 Porcellum
                 scilicet
                 funiculo
                 ad
                 alterum
                 pedem
                 alligato
                 prae
                 se
                 agunt
                 in
                 pascua
                 ubi
                 horum
                 proventum
                 esse
                 nôrunt
                 ,
                 qui
                 ubi
                 ad
                 locum
                 venit
                 in
                 quo
                 tuber
                 latitat
                 ,
                 odore
                 mox
                 id
                 percipit
                 ,
                 rostróque
                 è
                 terra
                 eruit
                 ,
                 erutum
                 qui
                 insequuntur
                 surripiunt
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 alia
                 indaganda
                 porcellum
                 abigunt
                 .
              
               
                 Tussilago
                 Alpina
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 Alpina
                 minor
                 folio
                 rotundo
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 II
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 rotundifolia
                 glabra
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Alpina
                 folio
                 glabro
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 Alpibus
                 Stiriacis
                 primò
                 ,
                 post
                 in
                 monte
                 Jura
                 eam
                 invenimus
                 .
              
               
                 Tussilago
                 Alpina
                 folio
                 longo
                 
                   J
                   B.
                
                 Alpina
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 Park
                 .
                 IV
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 folio
                 oblongo
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 partibus
                 altissimis
                 Thuiri
                 &
                 Dole
                 dictis
                 .
                 Haec
                 planta
                 Alismati
                 Matthioli
                 sive
                 Plantagini
                 Alpinae
                 dictae
                 persimilis
                 est
                 ,
                 non
                 tamen
                 eadem
                 ,
                 &
                 ad
                 Doronica
                 potiùs
                 quàm
                 ad
                 Tussilagines
                 referri
                 debet
                 .
              
               
                 Typha
                 minor
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 minima
                 Park
                 .
                 palustris
                 minor
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Hanc
                 plantam
                 in
                 eodem
                 loco
                 in
                 quo
                 olim
                 Lobelius
                 ,
                 nimirum
                 ad
                 flu
                 .
                 Arve
                 prope
                 Genevam
                 inveni
                 .
                 Cùm
                 primò
                 eam
                 observavi
                 perexigua
                 fuit
                 ,
                 clavâ
                 gracili
                 ,
                 unde
                 minimè
                 tum
                 dubitavi
                 quin
                 distincta
                 species
                 esset
                 :
                 postea
                 verò
                 caput
                 cylindraceum
                 clavatum
                 in
                 tantam
                 intumuit
                 crassitiem
                 ,
                 ut
                 meritò
                 dubitaverim
                 ,
                 annon
                 ipsius
                 parvitas
                 loco
                 potiùs
                 (
                 siquidem
                 extra
                 aquam
                 crevit
                 )
                 quàm
                 plantae
                 naturae
                 imputanda
                 esset
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 V
              
               
                 VAccaria
                 
                   Ger.
                   v.
                
                 Lychnis
                 segetum
                 rubra
                 .
              
               
                 Vaccinia
                 v.
                 Vitis
                 Idaea
                 .
              
               
                 Valeriana
                 rubra
                 Dodonaei
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                
                 .
                 rubra
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 latifolia
                 rubra
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ocymastrum
                 Valerianthon
                 Lob.
                 Messanae
                 in
                 muris
                 antiquis
                 :
                 in
                 Italiae
                 quoque
                 locis
                 plurimis
                 è
                 muris
                 &
                 saxis
                 erumpit
                 .
              
               
                 Valeriana
                 rubra
                 angustifolia
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ubi
                 J.
                 Bauhinus
                 eam
                 invenit
                 ibi
                 &
                 nos
                 quoque
                 ,
                 nimirum
                 Nantuae
                 Sabaudorum
                 ,
                 in
                 colle
                 extra
                 portam
                 quà
                 itur
                 Lugdunum
                 ,
                 ad
                 dextram
                 .
                 Provenit
                 quoque
                 copiosè
                 in
                 rupibus
                 montis
                 Lupi
                 .
              
               
                 Valeriana
                 Mexicana
                 Ger.
                 Indica
                 sive
                 Mexicana
                 Park
                 .
                 peregirna
                 seu
                 Indica
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Valerianella
                 echinata
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Messanam
                 Siciliae
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Valeriana
                 Alpina
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 XI
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 altera
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Alpina
                 major
                 sive
                 latifolia
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 monte
                 Saleve
                 supra
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobium
                 .
              
               
                 Valeriana
                 Alpina
                 altera
                 foliis
                 integris
                 ,
                 inodora
                 ,
                 An
                 Alpina
                 prima
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 ?
                 In
                 montibus
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 copiosé
                 .
              
               
                 Valeriana
                 pumila
                 supina
                 serpyllifolia
                 .
                 In
                 rupibus
                 maritimis
                 Regni
                 Neapolitani
                 .
                 Ostensa
                 mihi
                 fuit
                 posteà
                 Venetiis
                 à
                 
                   Joanne-Maria
                   Ferro
                
                 pharmacopoeo
                 botanico
                 peritissimo
                 ,
                 pro
                 Caprifolio
                 n.
                 d.
                 rectiùs
                 tamen
                 meo
                 judicio
                 ad
                 Valerianas
                 refertur
                 .
              
               
                 Verbascum
                 latis
                 Salviae
                 foliis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Matthioli
                 Ger.
                 sylv
                 .
                 salvifolium
                 exoticum
                 folio
                 rotundiore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Salvia
                 fruticosa
                 lutea
                 latifolia
                 ,
                 sive
                 Verbascum
                 sylvestre
                 quartum
                 Matthioli
                 Park
                 .
                 Circa
                 Tauromenium
                 in
                 Sicilia
                 .
              
               
                 Verbasc●m
                 angusto
                 Salviae
                 folio
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Ger.
                
                 Monspeliense
                 flore
                 luteo
                 hiante
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Salvia
                 fruticosa
                 lutea
                 angustifolia
                 ,
                 sive
                 Phlomos
                 lychnitis
                 Dioscoridis
                 Clusio
                 Park
                 .
                 In
                 collibus
                 saxosis
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
               
                 Verbascum
                 crispum
                 &
                 sinuatum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 laciniatum
                 Park
                 .
                 nigrum
                 VI
                 ,
                 sive
                 nigrum
                 folio
                 Papaveris
                 corniculati
                 :
                 &
                 
                 Cam.
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 Italia
                 ad
                 vias
                 passim
                 .
                 J.
                 Bauhino
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 ;
                 nos
                 illud
                 ibi
                 non
                 observavimus
                 .
              
               
                 Vermicularis
                 v.
                 Sedum
                 .
              
               
                 Veronica
                 saxatilis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 fruticans
                 serpyllifolia
                 Ger.
                 fortè
                 ,
                 Alpina
                 frutescens
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 malè
                 ,
                 non
                 enim
                 fruticat
                 haec
                 .
                 minor
                 Alpina
                 Park
                 .
                 qui
                 distinguit
                 Alpinam
                 suam
                 minorem
                 à
                 Veronica
                 fruticante
                 .
                 Pro
                 Veronica
                 min.
                 Alpina
                 ponit
                 figuram
                 fruticantis
                 serpyllifoliae
                 Ger.
                 proque
                 fruticante
                 sua
                 aliam
                 exhibet
                 iconem
                 :
                 &
                 meâ
                 quidem
                 sententiâ
                 ,
                 rectè
                 separat
                 Veronicam
                 fruticantem
                 Clus●i
                 ab
                 Alpina
                 minima
                 serpyllifolia
                 Ponae
                 .
                 Nostra
                 haec
                 de
                 qua
                 agimus
                 non
                 omninò
                 fruticat
                 ,
                 sed
                 exigua
                 est
                 &
                 herbacea
                 semper
                 .
                 Attende
                 descriptionem
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 circa
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 Veronica
                 saxatilis
                 parva
                 caulibus
                 nudis
                 .
                 Iu
                 pascuis
                 in
                 summitate
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 .
                 An
                 planta
                 haec
                 à
                 quoquam
                 descripta
                 sit
                 mihi
                 nondum
                 est
                 compertum
                 .
              
               
                 Vicia
                 sylvatica
                 maxima
                 Piso
                 sylvestri
                 similis
                 .
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 sylvosis
                 in
                 ascensu
                 montis
                 Salevae
                 ,
                 ab
                 eo
                 latere
                 quod
                 Genevam
                 spectat
                 .
              
               
                 Vicia
                 seu
                 Lathyrus
                 gramineus
                 flore
                 coccineo
                 .
                 Ad
                 radices
                 montis
                 Vesuvii
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 mari
                 :
                 necnon
                 circa
                 Genevam
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 Vicia
                 maritima
                 multiflora
                 alba
                 Messanensis
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 circa
                 Messanam
                 &
                 alibi
                 ad
                 maris
                 litus
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Vicia
                 luteo
                 flore
                 sylvestris
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Circa
                 Liburnum
                 &
                 alibi
                 in
                 Italia
                 inter
                 segetes
                 .
              
               
                 Victorialis
                 longa
                 Clus
                 .
                 Allium
                 Alpinum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Alpinum
                 latifolium
                 ,
                 seu
                 Victorialis
                 Ger.
                 anguinum
                 Park
                 .
                 IX
                 ,
                 sive
                 montanum
                 latifolium
                 maculatum
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 summis
                 jugis
                 altissimorum
                 montium
                 max
                 Carthusianorum
                 coenobio
                 proximorum
                 &
                 velut
                 imminentium
                 .
              
               
                 Vinca
                 pervinca
                 v.
                 Clematis
                 daphnoides
                 .
              
               
                 Viola
                 bulbosa
                 v.
                 Leucoium
                 bulbosum
                 .
              
               
                 Viola
                 martia
                 lutea
                 
                   Ger.
                   Park
                   .
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 martia
                 VII
                 ,
                 sive
                 Alpina
                 rotundifolia
                 lutea
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 suprema
                 parte
                 montis
                 Jurae
                 circa
                 Thuiri
                 .
              
               
                 Viola
                 lunaris
                 longioribus
                 siliquis
                 Ger.
                 lunaria
                 III
                 ,
                 sive
                 major
                 siliquâ
                 oblongâ
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Lunaria
                 major
                 siliqua
                 longiore
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 montibus
                 Saleva
                 &
                 Jura
                 ,
                 sed
                 parciús
                 .
              
               
                 Viola
                 matronalis
                 flore
                 purpureo
                 Ger.
                 matronalis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Hesperis
                 hortensis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Hesperis
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Cùm
                 à
                 Salerno
                 Neapolin
                 iter
                 facerem
                 ,
                 hanc
                 in
                 pratis
                 observavi
                 .
              
               
                 Visnaga
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                   Matth.
                   Lob.
                
                 Visnaga
                 ,
                 Gingidium
                 appellatum
                 Park
                 .
                 Gingidium
                 Hispanicum
                 Ger.
                 Gingid
                 .
                 umbellâ
                 
                 longá
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 pratis
                 quibusdam
                 non
                 longè
                 à
                 Miravalle
                 ,
                 secus
                 viam
                 quae
                 Monspelio
                 Frontignanam
                 ducit
                 ;
                 copiosè
                 etiam
                 in
                 Etruriae
                 agris
                 ,
                 &
                 circa
                 Cataniam
                 Siciliae
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Pediculi
                 seu
                 umbellarum
                 radii
                 pro
                 dentiscalpiis
                 multis
                 in
                 usum
                 veniunt
                 ,
                 praecipuè
                 Hispanis
                 ,
                 ob
                 rigiditatem
                 suam
                 &
                 suaveolentiam
                 :
                 undè
                 &
                 nostratibus
                 
                   Spanish
                   Picktooth
                
                 appellatur
                 .
              
               
                 Vitex
                 v.
                 Agnus
                 castus
                 .
              
               
                 Vitis
                 Idaea
                 foliis
                 carnosis
                 &
                 velut
                 punctatis
                 ,
                 sive
                 Idaea
                 radix
                 Dioscoridis
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Radix
                 Idaea
                 putata
                 ,
                 &
                 Uva
                 ursi
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Uva
                 ursi
                 Galeni
                 Clusio
                 Park
                 .
                 Vaccinia
                 ursi
                 ,
                 sive
                 Uva
                 ursi
                 apud
                 Clusium
                 
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 In
                 montibu
                 .
                 Saleve
                 &
                 Jura
                 Genevae
                 vicinis
                 ,
                 itemque
                 in
                 colle
                 
                   La
                   Bastie
                
                 .
              
               
                 Vitis
                 Idaea
                 v.
                 Diospyros
                 .
              
               
                 Ulmaria
                 major
                 v.
                 Barba
                 caprae
                 .
              
               
                 Unifolium
                 v.
                 Monophyllon
                 .
              
               
                 Uva
                 crispa
                 
                   Ger.
                   Dod.
                   Lob.
                
                 crispa
                 ,
                 sive
                 Grossularia
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Grossularia
                 vulgaris
                 Park
                 .
                 Grossularia
                 simplici
                 acino
                 ,
                 vel
                 spinosa
                 sylvestris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Per
                 totam
                 Helve●tiam
                 in
                 sepibus
                 vulgatissima
                 .
                 In
                 Sicilia
                 studiosè
                 in
                 hortis
                 colitur
                 ,
                 &
                 pro
                 planta
                 rara
                 ,
                 ostensa
                 nobis
                 fuit
                 .
                 Amat
                 enim
                 frigidos
                 tractus
                 ;
                 in
                 calidioribus
                 minùs
                 frequens
                 est
                 .
              
               
                 N.
                 Uvae
                 crispae
                 immaturae
                 refrigerant
                 ,
                 undè
                 febricitantibus
                 &
                 cholericis
                 util●ter
                 exhibentur
                 ,
                 ●●tim
                 sedant
                 ;
                 astringunt
                 quoque
                 ,
                 unde
                 ad
                 omne
                 ventris
                 profluvium
                 &
                 haemorrhagiam
                 quamcunque
                 conducunt
                 ;
                 Urinam
                 insuper
                 ciere
                 ,
                 &
                 calculo
                 aut
                 arennlis
                 laborantibus
                 prodesse
                 dicuntur
                 .
                 Saccharo
                 conditae
                 gratâ
                 suâ
                 aciditate
                 appetentiam
                 conciliant
                 ,
                 &
                 febriles
                 ardores
                 restinguunt
                 .
                 Concinantur
                 &
                 in
                 placentas
                 cupediarum
                 &
                 scitamentorum
                 vice
                 ;
                 vulgò
                 Tartas
                 vocant
                 .
              
               
                 Uva
                 marina
                 v.
                 Tragos
                 .
              
               
                 Ursi
                 v.
                 Vitis
                 Idaea
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 X
              
               
                 XYlon
                 v.
                 Gossipium
                 .
              
               
                 Xeranthemum
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Jacea
                 Oleae
                 folio
                 ,
                 flore
                 minore
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Ptarmica
                 Imperati
                 sive
                 minor
                 Park
                 .
                 Ptarmica
                 Imperati
                 ,
                 An
                 Ptarmicae
                 Austriacae
                 species
                 
                   Clus
                   .
                   ?
                   cur
                   .
                   post
                   .
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                   ?
                
                 Primò
                 eam
                 observavimus
                 in
                 Arni
                 fluminis
                 alveo
                 propè
                 Florentiam
                 ;
                 postea
                 etiam
                 circa
                 Monspelium
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Z
              
               
                 ZAcyntha
                 v.
                 Cichorium
                 verrucarium
                 .
              
               
                 Zea
                 monococcos
                 v.
                 Briza
                 .
              
               
                 Zizipha
                 sylvestria
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Ziziphus
                 sive
                 Jujuba
                 sylvestris
                 Park
                 .
                 Jujuba
                 sylvestris
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 In
                 rupibus
                 ad
                 Tropiam
                 Calabriae
                 urbecualam
                 copiosè
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
             
               Explicatio
               Nominum
               abbreviatorum
               .
            
             
               
                 AD.
                 &
                 
                   Ad.
                   Lob.
                
                 Adversaria
                 Penae
                 &
                 Lobelli
                 .
              
               
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                
                 Caspari
                 Bauhini
                 Pinax
                 .
              
               
                 
                   C.
                   B.
                   Prod.
                
                 Caspari
                 Bauhini
                 Prodromus
                 .
              
               
                 Caes.
                 Caesalpinus
                 .
              
               
                 Cam.
                 Camerarius
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Cat.
                   Ang.
                
                 Catalogus
                 Plantarum
                 Angliae
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Clus.
                   &
                   Clus.
                   hist
                
                 .
                 Caroli
                 Clusii
                 historia
                 .
              
               
                 Col.
                 Fabius
                 Columna
                 .
              
               
                 Dod.
                 Dodonaeus
                 .
              
               
                 Fuch
                 .
                 Leonardus
                 Fuchsius
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Ger.
                   &
                   Ger.
                   emac.
                
                 Jo.
                 Gerardi
                 historia
                 emaculata
                 à
                 Tho.
                 Johnson
                 .
              
               
                 Gesn
                 .
                 Conradus
                 Gesnerus
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Hort.
                   Pat.
                
                 Hortus
                 Medicus
                 Patavimus
                 .
              
               
                 
                   J.
                   B.
                
                 Joannes
                 Bauhinus
                 Caspari
                 frater
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Lob.
                   ob
                
                 .
                 Lobelius
                 in
                 Observationibus
                 .
                 
                   Lob.
                   ico
                
                 .
                 Idem
                 in
                 iconibus
                 à
                 Plantino
                 editis
                 .
              
               
                 Lon.
                 Adamus
                 Lonicerus
                 .
              
               
                 Lugd.
                 Historia
                 Lugdunensis
                 .
              
               
                 Matth.
                 Matthiolus
                 in
                 Dioscoridem
                 .
              
               
                 Park
                 .
                 Jo.
                 Parkinsoni
                 Theatrum
                 Botanicum
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Park
                   .
                   parad
                
                 .
                 Ejusdem
                 Paradisus
                 terrestris
                 seu
                 Hortus
                 .
              
               
                 Schrod
                 .
                 Schroderus
                 in
                 Pharmacopoea
                 Medico-chymica
                 .
              
               
                 Tab.
                 Tabernaemontanus
                 .
              
               
                 Thal.
                 Thalius
                 in
                 Harcynia
                 .
              
               
                 Trag.
                 Hieronymi
                 Tragi
                 historia
                 .
              
            
             
               Nota
               haec
               †
               cuicunque
               plantae
               praefigitur
               indicat
               illam
               in
               Anglia
               sponte
               provenire
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
           
             
             
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A58175-e1420
           
             Sluys
             .
          
           
             Gaunt
             .
          
           
             Aolst●
             
          
           
             Brussels
             .
          
           
             Lovain
             .
          
           
             Plauts
             about
             Lovain
             .
          
           
             Mechlin
             .
          
           
             Antwerp
             
          
           
             Lillo
             .
          
           
             Middleburgh
             .
          
           
             Flushing
             .
          
           
             Vere
             .
          
           
             Bergen
             op
             Zome
             .
          
           
             Breda
             .
          
           
             S.
             Gertrudenberg
             .
          
           
             Dort.
             
          
           
             Roterdam
             .
          
           
             Delft
             .
          
           
             *
             i.
             e.
             Delphi
             .
          
           
             *
             Phoebinimirum
             seu
             Solis
             .
          
           
             Hague
             .
          
           
             Lausdun
             .
          
           
             Leyden
             .
          
           
             Sevenhuys
             .
          
           
             Haerlem
             .
          
           
             Amsterdam
             .
          
           
             The
             Government
             of
             Amsterdam
             .
          
           
             Vtrecht
             .
          
           
             Vianen
             .
          
           
             Leerdam
             
          
           
             Asperen
             .
          
           
             Bommel
             .
          
           
             Crevecoeur
             .
          
           
             The
             Bosch
             .
          
           
             Eindhoven
             .
          
           
             Haumont
             .
          
           
             Bry.
             
          
           
             Maestricht
             .
          
           
             The
             Manners
             and
             particular
             Customs
             of
             the
             Low-Dutch
             .
          
           
             Liege
             .
          
           
             Spaw
             .
          
           
             Limbourg
             .
          
           
             Aken
             .
          
           
             Borcet
             Baths
             .
          
           
             Altenhoven
             .
             Gulick
             .
          
           
             Berchem
             .
          
           
             Collen
             .
          
           
             Andernach
             .
          
           
             Coblentz
             
          
           
             Bopport
             .
          
           
             S.
             Gower
             .
          
           
             Cub
             .
          
           
             Baccharach
             .
          
           
             Mouse-Tower
             .
          
           
             Bing
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             as
             we
             travelled
             between
             Collen
             and
             Mentz
             .
          
           
             Mentz
             .
          
           
             Hocht
             .
          
           
             Frankfurt
             .
          
           
             Kernsheim
             .
             Worms
             .
          
           
             Frankendale
             .
          
           
             Spier
             .
          
           
             Imperial
             Chamber
             .
          
           
             Manheim
             .
          
           
             Heidelberg
             .
          
           
             *
             Note
             ,
             that
             the
             Profess●rs
             in
             each
             Faculty
             take
             the
             Deanship
             by
             turns
             ,
             though
             the
             Senate
             may
             appoint
             any
             other
             .
          
           
             Horâ
             X.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             IX
             .
          
           
             Hora
             IX
             .
          
           
             Horâ
             I.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             X.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             IX
             .
          
           
             Horâ
             III.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             I.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             XII
             
          
           
             Horâ
             IX
             .
          
           
             Horâ
             II.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             X.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             III.
             
          
           
             Horâ
             III.
             
          
           
             Philipsburg
             .
          
           
             Stolchoven
             .
          
           
             Lichtenaw
             .
          
           
             Strasburgh
             .
          
           
             Sowrebourn
             .
          
           
             Brisach
             .
          
           
             Basil
             .
          
           
             Erasmus
             .
          
           
             Bibliotheca
             Amberbachiana
             .
          
           
             Zurich
             .
          
           
             Schauffhaussen
             .
          
           
             Constance
             
          
           
             Bodenzee
             
          
           
             Lindaw
             .
          
           
             Wangen
             .
          
           
             Laykirk
             .
          
           
             Memmingen
             .
          
           
             Mundelheim
             .
          
           
             Lansberg
             .
          
           
             Ammerzee
             Lake
             .
          
           
             Munchen
             
          
           
             Augsburgh
             .
          
           
             Donavert
             
          
           
             Monhaim
             .
          
           
             Papenhaim
             .
          
           
             Weissenbergh
             .
          
           
             Pleinfeldt
             .
          
           
             Rotte
             .
          
           
             Nurenberg
             .
          
           
             Regensberg
             or
             Ratisbon
             
          
           
             Straubing
             .
          
           
             Vilshoven
             .
          
           
             Passaw
             .
          
           
             Lintz
             .
          
           
             Krembs
             .
          
           
             Vienna
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             Vienna
             .
          
           
             Sept.
             24.
             
          
           
             25.
             
             Neustat
             .
          
           
             26.
             
          
           
             Plants
             found
             on
             the
             hills
             at
             Shadwin
             .
          
           
             27.
             
          
           
             Pruck
             an
             der
             Mure.
             
          
           
             Lewben
             .
          
           
             28.
             
             Knittlefield
             .
          
           
             29.
             
             Newmarkt
             .
          
           
             Freisach
             
          
           
             30.
             S.
             Vit.
             
          
           
             Octob.
             1.
             
          
           
             Dietrichstein
             .
          
           
             Villach
             .
          
           
             2.
             
          
           
             Pontieba
             .
          
           
             3.
             
          
           
             Vensongo
             .
             Hospitaletto
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Limonia
             .
             S.
             Daniele
             .
          
           
             Spilimberg
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Saribe
             .
          
           
             Conegliano
             .
          
           
             6.
             
          
           
             Treviso
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e30660
           
             *
             The
             
               Auvogadori
               di
               Commune
            
             are
             those
             who
             bring
             in
             all
             Causes
             to
             the
             40
             Criminal
             Judges
             ,
             called
             the
             
               Quarantia
               Criminale
            
             ,
             to
             whom
             appeals
             are
             made
             in
             Criminal
             Causes
             from
             the
             sentences
             of
             inferiour
             Judges
             as
             well
             wihtin
             the
             City
             as
             without
             .
             Those
             then
             that
             would
             appeal
             must
             first
             have
             recourse
             to
             the
             Auvogadors
             ;
             who
             are
             all
             diligently
             to
             examin
             the
             Cause
             ,
             and
             consider
             whether
             it
             ought
             to
             be
             brought
             in
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             all
             agree
             that
             it
             ought
             not
             ,
             then
             he
             that
             would
             appeal
             hath
             no
             remedy
             ,
             but
             to
             expect
             another
             set
             of
             Auvogadors
             ;
             but
             if
             but
             one
             of
             them
             accepts
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             enough
             to
             bring
             it
             in
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Nic.
               Crassus
            
             saith
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             now
             by
             law
             ordained
             that
             besides
             the
             Auvogadors
             some
             other
             Magistrates
             shall
             also
             sit
             and
             administer
             Justice
             .
             Annot
             .
             27.
             in
             Gianot
             .
          
           
             *
             To
             put
             him
             in
             mind
             of
             his
             mortality
             ,
             because
             that
             is
             the
             place
             where
             the
             Corps
             of
             the
             deceased
             Dukes
             lie
             in
             state
             .
          
           
             *
             
               N.
               Crassus
            
             saith
             ,
             That
             at
             present
             there
             are
             none
             of
             any
             sort
             added
             to
             the
             Council
             of
             X
             ,
             but
             this
             Council
             consists
             only
             of
             the
             Duke
             ,
             the
             six
             Counsellors
             ,
             and
             the
             Decemviri
             ;
             and
             that
             this
             Council
             doth
             not
             now
             meddle
             at
             all
             with
             Peace
             and
             War
             ,
             and
             the
             publick
             Treasury
             ,
             but
             only
             punish
             enormous
             Offence
             ,
             and
             especially
             Rebellion
             and
             Treason
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e37840
           
             *
             i.
             e.
             Bononia
             the
             fat
             ,
             but
             Padua
             surpasses
             it
             ,
             and
             Venice
             wasts
             it
             .
          
           
             *
             Such
             as
             are
             those
             of
             Pool-hole
             in
             
               Derbyshire
               ,
               Wokey-hole
            
             in
             Sommersetshire
             and
             other
             subterraneous
             grots
             as
             well
             in
             England
             as
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             .
             Febr.
             3.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             length
             of
             a
             pertica
             or
             perch
             of
             this
             measure
             is
             somewhat
             more
             than
             6
             foot
             .
          
           
             Febr.
             9.
             
          
           
             Mantua
             .
          
           
             Bologna
             
          
           
             The
             
               Lapis
               Phosphorus
            
             or
             shining
             stone
             .
          
           
             Feb.
             22.
             
          
           
             Castel
             France
             .
          
           
             Modena
             .
          
           
             Feb.
             24.
             
          
           
             Reggio
             
          
           
             Feb.
             26.
             
          
           
             Piacenza
             
          
           
             Fiorenzuola
             .
          
           
             27.
             
          
           
             Crema
             .
          
           
             29.
             
          
           
             Brescia
             
          
           
             Soncin
             .
          
           
             L'orzi
             nuovi
             .
          
           
             Brescia
             .
          
           
             March
             2.
             
          
           
             Palazzuolo
             .
          
           
             Bergamo
             .
          
           
             *
             
               i.
               e.
            
             A
             Maior
             ,
             a
             Governor
             ,
             a
             Chamberlain
             ,
             and
             a
             Governor
             of
             the
             Castle
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e48510
           
             March
             6.
             
          
           
             *
             i.
             e.
             Dead
             stone
             .
          
           
             March
             10.
             
          
           
             Biagrassa
             
          
           
             11.
             
          
           
             Novara
             .
             Vercelli
             .
          
           
             12.
             
          
           
             13.
             
          
           
             14.
             
          
           
             Turin
             .
          
           
             Mar.
             17.
             
          
           
             *
             
               i.
               e.
            
             Dogs
             tooth
             Violet
             ;
             common
             Bulbous
             Violet
             ;
             the
             greater
             Toothwort
             ;
             common
             Leopards
             bane
             ;
             the
             lesser
             Grape-Hyacinth
             ,
             and
             Hepatica
             or
             Noble
             Liverwort
             .
             Chier
             .
          
           
             Aste
             .
          
           
             18.
             
          
           
             *
             
               i.
               e.
            
             Yellow
             star
             of
             Bethlehem
             ;
             Mr.
             Johnson
             Minister
             of
             Brignel
             near
             
             Greta-bridge
             in
             the
             North
             Riding
             of
             York-shire
             hath
             found
             this
             growing
             plentifully
             in
             the
             skirts
             of
             the
             Woods
             thereabouts
             ,
             and
             flowring
             together
             with
             the
             Wood-Anemony
             .
          
           
             19.
             
          
           
             Gavi
             .
          
           
             Voltagio
             .
          
           
             Mar.
             20.
             
             Genua
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             is
             done
             to
             prevent
             fraud
             ,
             for
             if
             the
             golden
             balls
             were
             either
             not
             marked
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             with
             any
             sign
             or
             letter
             known
             before-hand
             ,
             any
             one
             of
             the
             Council
             might
             bring
             such
             a
             ball
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             taking
             it
             in
             his
             hand
             make
             shew
             as
             if
             he
             drew
             it
             out
             of
             the
             Urn.
             
          
           
             April
             2
             :
             Luca.
             
          
           
             Massa
             .
          
           
             3.
             
          
           
             Pietra
             Santa
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e52800
           
             Ligorn
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             Ligorn
             .
          
           
             Naples
             .
          
           
             *
             
               i
               e.
            
             Snowed
             water
             oriced
             water
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             tomolo
             is
             a
             measure
             bigger
             then
             an
             English
             Bushel
             .
          
           
             April
             24
             Pozzuolo
             
          
           
             *
             i.
             e.
             The
             Baths
             of
             T●itoli
             .
          
           
             *
             i.
             e.
             The
             Mountain
             of
             ashes
             or
             cinders
             .
          
           
             Vesuvius
             .
          
           
             The
             Grotta
             di
             cane
             .
          
           
             The
             Grot
             or
             Hole
             through
             Mount
             Pausilypus
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             Naples
             .
          
           
             April
             29
             Messina
             .
          
           
             The
             Government
             of
             Messina
          
           
             Plants
             growing
             about
             Messina
             .
          
           
             May
             5.
             
          
           
             Catania
             .
          
           
             Augusta
             .
          
           
             Syracusa
             
          
           
             The
             Grot
             called
             Dionysius
             his
             ear
             .
          
           
             The
             ancient
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             now
             called
             Catacumbe
             .
          
           
             May
             8.
             
          
           
             Capo
             Passaro
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             in
             the
             Island
             of
             
               Capo
               Passaro
            
             .
          
           
             May
             10.
             
          
           
             Punto
             Cerciolo
             .
          
           
             Plants
             found
             about
             
               Punto
               Cerc●ol
            
          
           
             May
             13.
             
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             taking
             Tortoises
             .
          
           
             Bernacle-shells
             growing
             upon
             the
             back
             of
             a
             Tortoise
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             
               Catania
               and
               Syracuse
            
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e59320
           
             The
             nature
             of
             the
             Soil
             .
          
           
             The
             Commodities
             of
             Malia
             .
          
           
             The
             original
             of
             Springs
             .
          
           
             Ebbing
             and
             flowing
             Well●
             
          
           
             The
             Haven
             .
          
           
             The
             new
             City
             called
             Valetta
             .
          
           
             St
             ,
             John
             Baptists
             Church
             .
          
           
             The
             Castle
             of
             St.
             Elmo
             .
          
           
             The
             Granaries
             and
             Stores
             .
          
           
             The
             Alberghs
             or
             Halls
             .
          
           
             The
             Armory
             .
          
           
             The
             Hospital
             Nosodochium
             .
          
           
             The
             Gr.
             Masters
             Palace
             .
          
           
             The
             slaves
             prison
             .
          
           
             The
             Isola
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             invincible
             City
             .
          
           
             The
             Borgho
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             victorious
             City
             .
          
           
             May
             25.
             
             The
             old
             City
             .
          
           
             Terra
             di
             S.
             Paolo
             ,
             or
             Sigillata
             M●litensis
             .
          
           
             The
             Gr.
             Masters
             Boschetto
             .
          
           
             The
             several
             Inhabitants
             and
             Conquests
             of
             Malta
             .
          
           
             The
             number
             of
             the
             villages
             and
             people
             .
          
           
             The
             language
             .
          
           
             The
             Gr.
             Master
             Prince
             of
             the
             Island
             .
          
           
             Gozo
             .
          
           
             The
             petrified
             shells
             in
             Malta
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             What
             the
             Toad-stone
             so
             called
             is
             .
          
           
             Mount
             Aetna
             .
          
           
             Observations
             about
             the
             Inhabitants
             and
             Customs
             of
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Rhegium
             ,
             now
             Rhezo
             .
          
           
             May
             29.
             
             The
             manner
             of
             catching
             the
             Sword-fish
             .
          
           
             June
             6.
             
             Tropia
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             S.
             Lucido
             
          
           
             8.
             
             Scalea
             .
          
           
             9.
             
          
           
             10.
             
             Salerno
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             Salerno
             .
          
           
             12.
             
          
           
             30.
             
          
           
             Cicada
             .
          
           
             Antium
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e66150
           
             Florence
             .
          
           
             Churches
             in
             Florence
             .
             The
             Domo
             or
             Cathedral
             .
          
           
             Inscriptions
             .
          
           
             The
             Church
             of
             St.
             Croce
             .
          
           
             The
             Church
             of
             the
             Annunciata
             .
          
           
             The
             Church
             of
             St.
             Mark.
             
          
           
             S.
             Laurence
             his
             Church
             .
             The
             Chappel
             of
             St.
             Laurence
             .
          
           
             The
             Gallery
             of
             the
             Gr.
             Duke
             .
          
           
             The
             Armory
             .
          
           
             The
             Argenteria
             or
             Wardrobe
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             Florence
             .
          
           
             Sept.
             1.
             
          
           
             Siena
             .
          
           
             Sept.
             3.
             
          
           
             S.
             Quiricho
             .
          
           
             Radicofani
             .
          
           
             Sept.
             4.
             
          
           
             Aquapendente
             .
          
           
             Monte
             Fiascone
             .
             Vilerbo
             .
          
           
             Sept.
             5.
             
          
           
             6.
             
          
           
             Ponte
             Molle
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e71450
           
             Ancient
             Temples
             .
          
           
             The
             Pantheon
             or
             Rotonda
             .
          
           
             This
             work
             is
             said
             to
             have
             cost
             above
             200
             thousand
             crowns
             .
          
           
             Triumphal
             Arches
             .
          
           
             Pillars
             .
          
           
             Mausolaea
             .
          
           
             Statues
             .
          
           
             Ancient
             Medals
             and
             Entaglie
             .
          
           
             Sepulchral
             urns
             .
          
           
             Prima
             Parta
             .
          
           
             25.
             
             Ariano
             .
          
           
             Civita
             Castellana
             .
          
           
             Caprarola
             .
          
           
             Borghetto
             
          
           
             Ponte
             Felice
             .
          
           
             Magliano
             .
          
           
             Horta
             .
          
           
             Vtricoli
             .
          
           
             Narni
             .
          
           
             26.
             
          
           
             Spoleto
             .
          
           
             Trevi
             .
          
           
             Foligno
             .
          
           
             Jan.
             27.
             
          
           
             28.
             
             Tolentine
             .
          
           
             Macerata
             .
          
           
             Recanati
             .
          
           
             Loreto
             
          
           
             30.
             
             Ancona
             .
          
           
             31.
             
             Sinigaglia
             .
          
           
             Fano
             .
          
           
             Feb.
             1.
             1664.
             
             Pesaro
             .
          
           
             Rimini
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             S.
             Marino
             .
          
           
             Cesenatico
             .
             Cervia
             .
          
           
             Ravenna
             
          
           
             Feb.
             5.
             
          
           
             Faenza
             .
          
           
             Imola
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Bologna
             .
          
           
             7.
             
          
           
             Ferrara
             .
          
           
             Chiozza
             .
          
           
             March
             13.
             
          
           
             Treviso
             .
          
           
             Castel
             Franco
             .
             Bassano
             .
          
           
             Ca●olo
             .
          
           
             Perzine
             .
          
           
             16.
             Trent
             
          
           
             *
             Icon.
             anim
             .
          
           
             March
             18.
             
          
           
             19.
             
             Bolzan
             .
             Maran
             .
          
           
             20.
             
          
           
             21.
             
          
           
             22.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e87000
           
             Mar.
             24.
             
          
           
             25.
             
             Coira
             or
             Chur.
             
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             Coira
             .
          
           
             Mar.
             29.
             1665.
             
             Walenstat
             .
          
           
             30
             Glaris
             .
          
           
             The
             Steinbuck
             or
             Ibex
             .
          
           
             Chamois
             or
             Gemps
             .
          
           
             Marmottoes
             .
          
           
             April
             1.
             
          
           
             Eynsidle
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Schwytz
             .
          
           
             The
             Government
             of
             the
             Canton
             of
             Suitz
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Altorff
             .
          
           
             April
             4.
             
             Vnderwalden
             .
          
           
             April
             .
             5.
             
             Lucern
             .
          
           
             April
             .
             6.
             
             Zugh
             .
          
           
             The
             Government
             of
             the
             Canton
             of
             Zug
             .
          
           
             April
             7.
             
             Zurich
             .
          
           
             13
             Mellingen
             .
          
           
             Lensburg
             .
             Arauw
             .
          
           
             14.
             
             Soloturn
             .
          
           
             15.
             
             Bern.
             
          
           
             17.
             
             Friburg
             .
          
           
             18.
             
             Lausanna
             .
             Morges
             .
          
           
             Geneva
             .
          
           
             Plants
             observed
             about
             Geneva
             .
          
           
             Lions
             .
          
           
             July
             25.
             
             Grenoble
             Legrand
             Chartruse
             .
          
           
             Orange
             .
          
           
             Avignon
             .
          
           
             Nismes
             ▪
             
          
           
             Montpellier
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A58175-e97880
           
             The
             manner
             of
             making
             Verde
             :
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             blanching
             wax
             .
          
           
             Confectio
             Alkermes
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             making
             Oil
             olive
             .
          
           
             The
             boiling
             fountain
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             drying
             grapes
             to
             make
             raisins
             .
          
           
             Baths
             at
             Balleruch
             .
          
           
             A
             fountain
             of
             Petroleum
          
           
             Making
             of
             salt
             by
             evaporating
             Sea-water
             by
             the
             Sun-beams
             .
          
           
             The
             prevaration
             ●
             B●tar●
             
          
           
             Lunel
             .
             Arles
             .
          
           
             S.
             Chamas
             .
          
           
             Marseilles
             .
          
           
             Bausset
             .
             Olliole
             .
             Toulon
             .
          
           
             S.
             Maximin
             .
          
           
             S.
             Baulme
             .
             Aix
             .
          
           
             Selogne
             .
          
           
             Sept.
             5.
             
          
           
             6.
             
          
           
             7.
             
          
           
             8.
             
          
           
             Sept.
             9.
             
          
           
             10.
             
          
           
             11.
             
          
           
             12.
             
          
           
             13
             
          
           
             15.
             
          
           
             Sept.
             16.
             
          
           
             17.
             
          
           
             18.
             
          
           
             Sept.
             24.
             
          
           
             25.
             
          
           
             26.
             
          
           
             Sept.
             27.
             
          
           
             28.
             
          
           
             29.
             
          
           
             Sept.
             30.
             
          
           
             Octob.
             1.
             
          
           
             2.
             
          
           
             3.
             
          
           
             4.
             
          
           
             5.
             
          
           
             6.
             
          
           
             12.
             
          
           
             13.
             
          
           
             14.
             
          
           
             15.
             
          
           
             Octob.
             23.
             
          
           
             24.
             
          
           
             25.
             
          
           
             27.
             
          
           
             28.
             
          
           
             Octob.
             30
             
          
           
             31.
             
          
           
             Nov.
             1.
             
          
           
             2.
             
          
           
             5.
             
          
           
             6.
             
          
           
             7.
             
          
           
             8.
             
          
           
             10.
             
          
           
             11.
             
          
           
             12.
             
          
           
             13.
             
          
           
             *
             
               i.
               e.
            
             Conceived
             without
             original
             sin
             .