34094	----	VOLUME ELEVEN NUMBER TWO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY JUNE, 1919 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. CONTENTS Page ANNELIDS FROM LAGUNA BEACH 27 STRUCTURE OF DOLICHGLOSSUS PUSILLUS--_Alma Evans_ 28 OPISTHOBRANCHS FROM LAGUNA BEACH 34 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE SAND DOLLAR DENDRASTER EXCENTRICUS ESH.--_W. A. Hilton_ 35 ANTS FROM THE CLAREMONT-LAGUNA REGION 38 Entered Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY _Subscription_ $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries. This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions. The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists. Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication. Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about 8 by 11 inches. Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets. Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout. The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript. Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible. An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author. Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost. Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when reduced, that is, 5 by 7-1/2 inches or less. The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases. Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive fifty reprints of their publications free of cost. If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets. Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost. Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles. Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail. Address all communications to THE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY William A. Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U. S. A. Annelids from Laguna Beach This list includes specimens recently determined by Dr. R. V. Chamberlin, but does not include new species reported on at that time. _Glycera rugosa_ Johnson. _Euphrosyne aurantiaca_ John. _Eudistylia polymorpha_ Johnson. From holdfast. _Chrysopetalum occidentalis_ John. _Diopatra californica_ Moore. _Podarke pugettensis_ Johnson. _Syllis alterniata_ Moore. _Pionosyllis elongata_ Johnson. _Halosydna pulchra_ Johnson. _H. californica_ Johnson. Dredged. _Scoloplos sp._ San. Balboa. _Naineris longa_ Moore? Under stones. _Cirratulus luxuriosus_ Moore, all bright red from eel grass. _Polycirrus californicus_ Moore. _Nereis agassizi_ Ehlers. _Anaitides sp. Lumbrineries zonata_ John.? _Syllis alternata_ Moore. _Nepthys caeca_ Fabr.? _Sthenelais verruculosa_ Johnson. W. A. H. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Structure of Dolichoglossus Pusillus ALMA EVANS The animals were studied from serial sections cut in several planes. The stains used were carmine, hematoxylin and eosin. The hematoxylin seemed to show the tissues more clearly. A graphic reconstruction was attempted, but did not prove satisfactory because of the individual artificial foldings and contractions. The drawings were obtained by the use of a camera lucida. The general drawings, Figs. 1-9 inclusive, are not filled in in great detail. The special drawings are shown at greater magnification with more of an attempt to show the actual condition. Dolichoglossus is a soft worm-like animal with ciliated surface. It is divided into three distinct regions: the proboscis, a long club-shaped organ; the collar, a fold in the surface just behind the proboscis, and the trunk, a long cylindrical portion posterior to the collar. Dolichoglossus is a marine form living in sandy bays or sheltered places. Mucous glands in the surface epithelium secrete a sticky fluid which covers the body and to which tiny sand grains stick. The sand clinging to the mucous coated surface forms a fragile temporary tube in which the animal is usually secluded. The animals in the living condition are bright orange or red but lose their color very soon after preservation in alcohol or formalin. The proboscis cavity extending the entire length of the organ is surrounded by a network of connective tissue supported by longitudinal bands of plain muscle. This cavity is supposed to communicate with the exterior by a very small opening, the proboscis pore, but this did not show in the specimens examined. The heart, proboscis gland and notochord are located in the posterior part of the proboscis. The collar contains the central nervous system, part of the notochord, the dorsal blood vessel, ventral and dorsal mesenteries, mouth opening and anterior part of the alimentary canal. The trunk contains the alimentary canal, dorsal and ventral blood vessels, dorsal and ventral nerves, the gill-slits, the reproductive bodies, dorsal and ventral mesenteries and muscle bands. The nervous system consists of three parts: the central, located in the collar region, Fig. 5; the sub-epidermic network extending over the entire body just under the surface epithelium, Figs. 1-7; and the dorsal and ventral strands which are thickenings of the sub-epidermic network extending throughout the trunk, Figs. 1 and 7. There is also quite a decided thickening of the sub-epidermic network at the base of the proboscis, Figs. 5, 6. The vascular system consists of two parts, the central and the peripheral. The central is made up of the heart, a thin-walled vesicle at the base of the proboscis just dorsal to the notochord, and connected with it the proboscis gland, a plexus of capillaries just anterior to the notochord. Fig. 5. The peripheral system is composed of a ventral and a dorsal vessel. The dorsal starts at the heart and continues just ventral of the dorsal nerve throughout the length of the body. Figs. 1, 5, 7. The ventral vessel extends from the posterior border of the collar to the anal end. It is connected with the dorsal vessel by a circular vessel in the posterior edge of the collar. The mouth is situated ventrally at the base of the proboscis, within the collar, and opens directly into the straight alimentary canal. The latter is a straight tube extending from the mouth opening to the anus. Figs. 5, 1, 7, 9. The alimentary canal in the anterior part of the collar gives off a diverticulum, which grows forward and supports the proboscis. Because this diverticulum has the vacuolated appearance of the notochordal tissue of higher animals, it has been regarded as a notochord. It is largest at the base of the proboscis immediately anterior to the heart. Figs. 5, 6. The paired gill-slits occupy the region just posterior to the collar. They are arranged in two longitudinal grooves in the dorsal wall. The number increases throughout life, new slits appearing just behind those already in place. I found about twenty-five to be the average number, while particular individuals had as low as eighteen and twenty and as high as thirty and thirty-one. The gills are formed in the shape of a U. A skeletal rod or gill bar separates the gills from each other. The gills are supplied with blood from the dorsal vessel. Figs. 3, 7, 8. The sexes are distinct. The ovaries and testes are saccular organs arranged in a row along the gill and succeeding region. The sacs in other genera, for example Balanoglossus as described by Shipley, open directly on to the epidermis. I have been unable to see these openings in my preparations. Fig. 8 shows the position of the ovaries in the female; the testes in the male are in a similar location. The surface epithelium is modified ciliated columnar, varying slightly in thickness, size of nuclei and size and shape of cell according to location. Figs. 13, 14, 15. The epithelium forming the gills and intestine is also modified ciliated columnar. That of the gills having short narrow cells and small nuclei, and that of the intestine having longer thicker cells and large nuclei. Figs. 11, 10. The connective tissue surrounding the proboscis cavity is of a peculiar arrangement. The connective tissue itself consists of fine strands loosely interwoven, but arranged in a definite manner. The strands form a fine network which gives a beautiful lacy appearance. Small round nuclei are quite numerous in connection with the strands. Longitudinal bands of plain muscle are very conspicuous in the connective tissue. These muscle bands are probably used in altering the size and shape of the proboscis. Figs. 4, 20, 21. The nervous tissue consists of many fibers thickly interwoven. There are a few small nuclei scattered about among the fibers. Figs. 12, 13. The muscle is unstriated. The fibers are very long in some places, shorter in others and always quite distinct. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) REFERENCES _Assheton, Richard_ 1918 A new species of Dolichoglossus. Zool. Anz. Bd. 33, p. 517-520. _Delage and Herouard_ 1898 Traité De Zoologie concrète Vol. 8. Les Procordés. Balanoglossus. Encyclopedia Britainica Balanoglossus. _Shipley, Arthur E._ 1893 Zoology of the Invertebrata. Balanoglossus. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Cross section through the gill region showing gill opening. D. N., dorsal nerve. D. V., Dorsal vessel. G. O., gill openings. A, alimentary corps. G., gill. V. N., ventral nerve. V. V. ventral vessel. N., nervous tissue. ×40. Fig. 2. Cross section through the base of the proboscis showing diverticulum wall and proboscis gland. D., diverticulum. N., nervous tissue. P. G., proboscis gland. ×40. Fig. 3. Longitudinal section through a gill opening. N., nervous tissue. G., gill. G. O., gill opening. ×40. Fig. 4. Cross section through the center of the proboscis. N., nervous tissue. M. C., muscle in the connective tissue. T., connective tissue. ×90. Fig. 5. Longitudinal section through the base of the proboscis and collar. M., mouth. C. N., central nervous system. H., heart. No., notochord. P. G., proboscis gland. N., nervous network. A., alimentary canal. D. V., dorsal ventral. ×40. Fig. 6. Cross section through the base of the proboscis showing thickened nerve network. N., nerve network. D., diverticulum wall. H., heart. ×40. Fig. 7. Cross section through gill region. D. N., dorsal nerve. D. B. V., dorsal blood vessel. G. B., gill vessel. V. N., ventral nerve. V. V., ventral vessel. ×40. Fig. 8. Longitudinal section through the gill region. G., gills. B., blood. O., ovary. N., nervous network. ×40. Fig. 9. Cross section of alimentary canal. A., wall of alimentary canal. ×40. Fig. 10. Intestinal epithelium, modified ciliated columnar. ×400. Fig. 11. Epithelium of the gill, modified ciliated columnar. ×400. Fig. 12. Nervous tissue. ×400. Fig. 13. Surface epithelium of proboscis, modified ciliated columnar. ×400. Fig. 14. Surface epithelium of collar, modified ciliated columnar. ×400. Fig. 15. Surface epithelium of trunk, modified ciliated columnar. ×400. Fig. 16. Cells of testis. ×400. Fig. 17. Ovary. ×400. Fig. 18. Plain muscle. ×400. Fig. 19. Epithelium of diverticulum. ×400. Fig. 20. Connective tissue of proboscis. ×400. Fig. 21. Muscle bands in proboscis connective tissue. ×400. [Illustration] [Illustration] [Illustration] Opisthobranchs from Laguna Beach The determinations are by Dr. F. M. MacFarland TECTIBRANCHS _Pleurobranchæa californica_ MacF. Only one specimen has been obtained at Laguna Beach, from a depth of from 15 to 20 fathoms. The specimen was mottled dark above and about 5 inches long. Dr. MacFarland informs me that this species is quite common in Monterey Bay and ranges much larger, almost up to 10 inches in length. _Navanax inermis_ Cooper. Black, yellow lines, blue spots, yellow edges. About two inches in length. Another specimen possibly may be the same species, black with yellow spots. Apparently the same form occurs at Balboa. _Aglaja (Doridium) purpureum_ Berg.? Brown, dredged 10 to 15 f. NUDIBRANCHS _Triopha sp._ Large, brown. Holdfast. _Flabellina iodinea_ Cooper. Narrow blue body, red appendages. Swims by lateral movements of the body. This beautiful nudibranch was first found near Laguna by Miss M. Cate, not far from Dana's point in 1916. In Jan. 15, '18, Mrs. May found a number near Laguna Beach. _Dirona picta_ MacF. Light brown, long thick appendages. Holdfasts and tidepools common in 1915. _Aegires_ sp. Knobs. Brick red, body clear. _Chromodoris universitatis_ Cock. Blue, yellow spots. _Polycera atra_ MacF. Red-brown, black stripes, brown spots. July 10, 1915. _Facelina_ sp. Body clear, appendages dark. _Ancula pacifica_ MacF.? Clear white, two yellow lines in front, one behind. Front appendages and two lateral tipped with yellow. _Cadlina_ Sp.? Dark brown, flattened. _Aeolidia_ sp. White to pink, appendages brown. W. A. H. Central Nervous System of the Sand Dollar Dendraster Excentricus Esh WILLIAM A. HILTON There seems to be little or no literature on the central nervous system of this form of echinoderm. As might be expected, the general arrangement of radial and circumoral bands are much as in sea-urchins, such as shown especially by Delage and Herouard 1903. There are however some interesting features which make the study of this type of special value. In this paper only the chief mass of the central nervous system is considered. The more evident parts of the central nervous system are arranged in general as in other forms. The circumoral nerves issue from under the lantern and run along the oral, cross over at the edge of the shell and then run along the aboral side. The five radial nerves converge at the five ocular areas near the center of the aboral region. The circumoral nerve ring is looped over and under parts of the lantern. Fig. 1 shows a part of the lantern and parts of three loops of the circumoral nerve trunk. In the center of the figure one fifth of the lantern is drawn in and from under it a radial nerve is shown in the lower part of the figure. To the left and to the right of the central bony part of the lantern the union of a radial with a circumoral nerve is shown. At the junction of each radial nerve with the circumoral, is a little thickening which seems to be a special cellular mass such as I have not found in other forms. Fig. 7 is a section through a part of a circumoral strand, much enlarged. There are only a few nerve cells, from one to two layers. As the radial nerves leave the lantern they are quite evident in dissected specimens as they are close to the bony skeleton with very little connective or other tissues to obscure them. The use of aqueous methylene blue aids in following the smaller branches. Near the lantern the branches are small as shown in fig. 2. When the region is reached where the upper and lower surfaces of the shell begin to fuse, the branches become larger and more irregularly arranged, as shown in the lower part of fig. 1 and fig. 2. After the nerve turns to run on the aboral side there is no change in arrangement until the region of the tube feet is reached. In the region of the tube feet the nerves become more numerous, smaller and more regular. The general distribution of the nerves and the arrangement of the tube feet nerves are shown in fig. 4 which is from part of the upper end of the aboral nerve. The holes in the skeleton for the tube feet are shown as circles on each side of the diagram. The general structure of the chief central nerve trunks is quite similar as shown in sections. Figs. 6, 7 and 8. The nerve trunks have about one to two layers of cells, the main part of the nerves are composed of longitudinal fibers. There are not so many evident vertical fibers from cells as found in starfish and some other forms. This change in position of the fibers may be in part due to the general modification of structure. Whether this arrangement leads to other types of nerve association is a question. When the nerve trunks are removed, stained in methylene blue and examined with the microscope something of the arrangement of the cells may be seen. In the circumoral and oral radial nerves the nerve cells are thickly massed from side to side, but in the upper part of the aboral nerve there is an evident arrangement of nerve cells in zones. There is usually a central more or less clear zone, next on each side a rather dense cell area and next on each side a very dense cell area, then a narrow nearly clear zone on each side again. As a rule slightly larger cells are found near the nerve trunks and as some of these seem to send long branches out into the lateral trunks, they may be motor or sensory, the association neurones are probably the smaller cells in farther. The cells seem multipolar in most cases and in fact much more modified than the cells of starfish or sea-urchin. Figs. 9 and 10. REFERENCES _Delage and Herouard_ 1903 Traité de zoologie concrète. T. iii. Les Echinoderms. _Hamann, O._ 1887 Beitrage zur Histologie der Echinodermen. Jenna Zeit. Nat. W. xxi. _Hilton, W. A._ 1917 Some remarks on the nervous system of two sea-urchins. Jour. ent. and zoo. vol. ix, no. 4. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Explanation of Figures Fig. 1. Diagram of one fifth of Aristotle's lantern of _Dendraster_ showing three loops of the circumoral nerve ring, and parts of three radial nerves, the central one partly hidden at its origin by the lantern. The nerves are in black. ×9. Fig. 2. Drawing of part of the first part of an oral radial nerve. ×9. Fig. 3. Drawing of the lower end of an oral radial nerve. ×9. Fig. 4. Drawing of the upper part of an aboral radial nerve. The eye spot region is up in the figure. ×9. Fig. 5. Camera lucida drawing of a part of an aboral nerve showing position of cell areas. ×70. Fig. 6. Drawing of a section of an oral radial nerve. ×300. Fig. 7. Drawing of a section of circumoral nerve. ×300. Fig. 8. Drawing of a section of aboral nerve. ×300. Fig. 9. Nerve cells from central regions of a radial nerve. The arrangement is as shown in the drawing, cells of various levels shown as one layer. Some of the processes possibly relate nearby cells, but most fibers run into the general fibrous mass. All fibers or fibrils are small. There is some indication of tigroid substance in some of the cells. ×450. Fig. 10. Nerve cells from near a lateral branch from the radial band. ×450. [Illustration] Ants from the Claremont Laguna Region This list includes ants collected chiefly in 1917. All determinations are by Dr. W. M. Wheeler. _Novomessor andrei_ Mayr. red var. Also some dark. Claremont. _N. pergandei_ Mayr. Medium, dark colored. Claremont. _Pogonomyrmex californicus_ Buckley Claremont. _Pheidole longipes_ Pergande Claremont. _Pediole_ sp. Claremont. _Crematogaster lineolata_ Say. Subsp. _californica_ Emery. Claremont. _C. l._ Say. subsp. _corctata_ Emery. Claremont. _Solenopsis molesta_ Say. var. _validiuscula_ Emery. Claremont. _S. geminata_ Fab. var. Claremont. _Liometopum occidentale_ Emery. Mts. and Claremont. _Iridomyrex pruinosus_ Roger var. _analis_ Ern. André. _I. humilis_ Mayr (Argentine ant) Claremont. _Dorymyrmex pyramicus_ Roger _var._ Claremont. _Prenolepis imparis_ Say. Below Aliso canon, Laguna Beach and Claremont. _Tapinoma sessile_ Say. Laguna Beach. _Myrmecocystus melliger_ Forel var. (Honey ant) Claremont. _M. mexicanus_ Wesm. sub sp. _mojave_ Wheeler (Honey ant) Claremont. _Formica rufibarbis_ Fb. var _occidua_ Wheeler. Claremont. _F. cinerea_ Mayr. subsp. _pilicornis_ Emery. Claremont. _Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus_ Fb. subsp. _vicinus_ Mayr. _var. luteangulus_ Wheeler. Claremont. W. A. H. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY--_Advertising Section_ _The_ Journal _of_ Zoological Research _Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, M. Sc., F. L. S., F. E. S. The Gatty Marine Laboratory The University, St. Andrews, Scotland_ The subject matter is strictly confined to original zoological research--systematic and anatomical. Fully illustrated by lithographic plates and text figures. Each volume will consist of 4 parts, price $5. _All subscriptions should be forwarded to_ Messrs. 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For further information, address SECRETARY OF POMONA COLLEGE Claremont, California Transcriber's Note: * Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original (=bold=). * Pg 29 Corrected spelling of "losely" to "loosely" in "... of fine strands losely ..." * Pg 34 Corrected spelling of "lilnes" to "lines" in "... two yellow lilnes in front ..." * Pg 36 Accent corrections on reference for "Traité de zoologie concrète" * Pg 38 Corrected spelling of "say." to "Say." in "... say. subsp. ..." 
37632	----	VOLUME ELEVEN NUMBER FOUR JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY DECEMBER, 1919 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. CONTENTS Page NOTES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE SOCIAL WASP POLISTES --_Horace Gunthorp_ 63 BIOLOGY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CRANE-FLIES. V. THE GENUS DICRANOPTYCHA--_Charles P. Alexander_ 67 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF NUCULA AND MALLETIA --_W. A. Hilton_ 75 Entered Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY _Subscription_ $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries. This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions. The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists. Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication. Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about 8 by 11 inches. Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets. Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout. The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript. Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible. An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author. Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost. Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when reduced, that is, 5 by 7-1/2 inches or less. The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases. Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive fifty reprints of their publications free of cost. If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets. Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost. Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles. Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail. Address all communications to THE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY William A. Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U. S. A. Notes on the Behavior of the Social Wasp Polistes HORACE GUNTHORP Washburn College, Topeka, Kans. One day last September the writer picked up a nest of the common social wasp, _Polistes_, which had been detached from its support, and placed it upon his desk. A short time later he was attracted by a scratching sound, and discovered that one of the wasps was just beginning to cut the cap from its cell preparatory to emerging. During the next few days a series of observations were made and notes taken covering the behavior of the wasps which emerged from their cells during that period. Miss Enteman[A] has made a careful study of the instincts of the social wasps, and while the observations recorded in the present paper are largely corroborative of her work, some interesting details are here added. The cutting of the cap of the cell occupied some time, and extended around four-fifths of its circumference, the remaining one-fifth being gnawed and partially chewed through so that it was flexible enough to act as a hinge for the cap. After the cap was sufficiently cut away, the wasp started to slowly work itself out, pushing up the top of the cell like a trap door as progress was made. A good deal of effort was required to get the body out until the front legs were freed. Then the wasp had more purchase and progress was somewhat faster until the second pair of legs came out. After this slight effort seemed to be necessary for the completion of the operation. For the next thirty minutes careful observations were made of the movements of this wasp in order to ascertain its first reactions. It is evident that they would be somewhat modified from what they are here recorded if the colony had contained the queen and other workers, as this specimen had the run of the entire nest, and none of its movements were effected by those of other individuals. It is equally evident that all stimuli came from within, or from contact with the nest, and not from suggestions received from other individuals or from contact with them. The following is the record made at one minute intervals, beginning with the time the specimen left its cell: 8:06. Specimen emerged from its cell. 8:07. Cleaned its front legs in its mouth and its antennæ with its front legs. 8:08. Moved around some. Rubbed its wings with its hind legs and spread them out twice. 8:09. Cleaned antennæ and front legs. 8:10. Swung abdomen back and forth, and brushed its wings. Moved around the nest rapidly and waved the antennæ, but all movements were jerky. 8:11. Explored nest, occasionally rubbing abdomen with legs. 8:12. Explored nest. 8:13. Explored nest. Movements unsteady. Cleaned antennæ and front legs. 8:14. Explored nest, in the course of which it went over the edge on to the back side, but immediately returned to the under side. Cleaned the front legs and antennæ, and then the hind legs. 8:15. Spread out the wings. Cleaned the antennæ. 8:16. Cleaned abdomen. 8:17. Crawled on top or back side of nest again and stayed there. Cleaned wings and abdomen. 8:18. Explored top. Cleaned front legs and antennæ. 8:19. Stood still. Occasional movement of head, antennæ or abdomen. 8:20. Same as 8:19. 8:21. Began to explore again, becoming quite lively. Antennæ constantly waving. 8:22. Same as 8:21, but extended its travels to the under (cell) side of the nest. 8:23. Left the nest entirely and began to walk around the surface of the desk. 8:24. Started to climb a bottle that was some six inches from the nest. Antennæ still waving. 8:25. On the neck of the bottle, two inches above the surface of the desk. Cleaned front legs and antennæ. 8:26. Quiet except that it spread its wings once. 8:27. Still on neck of bottle. Moved its head and antennæ back and forth. 8:28. Slight change in position. Antennæ were still waving. Rubbed its wings, spread them, and then rubbed them again. 8:29. Rubbed its hind legs together vigorously. 8:30. Spread wings once, then rubbed them and the abdomen with the hind legs. Rubbed the hind legs together, and finally rubbed the right wings vigorously. 8:31. Moved around some, occasionally stopping to rub the right wings. 8:32. Explored the neck of the bottle. 8:33. Same as 8:32. Cleaned antennæ. 8:34. Same as 8:33. 8:35. Stood still but continued to clean antennæ and front legs. 8:36. Climbed up and explored the cork of the bottle. 8:37-8:40. Stood still on the cork, occasionally moving its jaws. At 8:40 the nest was placed against the cork and the wasp immediately crawled onto it, but seemed restless. As the nest has a faint, but distinct, odor of honey, it was probably attracted to it through the sense of smell. The next morning the specimen was nowhere in sight, but forty-eight hours later it fell out of a loose-leaf binder that had been lying on the desk. It seemed to be as active as when seen two days before. Some time during the second night after the appearance of the first specimen, that is, when it was some thirty hours old, a second individual emerged. This one was discovered on a pile of books two feet from the nest where it had evidently crawled soon after emerging. As soon as the first specimen was rediscovered, that is, when it was sixty hours old, the second wasp then being thirty hours old, the two were placed on the nest, and this in turn was placed on a book. They both started on tours of observation, and every time they came in contact with each other they made sudden starts and jumps to avoid an evidently startling new object, meanwhile violently waving their antennæ and often cleaning these organs after such contact. Dr. Enteman says, "All wasps possess the instinct of fear. This ... is readily overcome by the frequent appearance of the awe-inspiring object." This is true, because they were evidently on familiar terms with each other in half an hour, and paid very little attention to the frequent meetings which before had apparently distressed them. They wandered freely over their nest and the top surface of the book on which it was placed, but did not attempt to climb off the latter. At 12 o'clock, four hours later, a third wasp had appeared, and none of the specimens seemed to be disturbed by the presence of the others. When the nest was first picked up, one cell containing a well formed pupa was uncapped. This specimen was then alive, but it may have been dead at the time of this observation. In either case, it had been dragged out of its cell, decapitated, and the front legs torn off. No trace of the head was found, but the body and legs were on the book about one inch from the nest. Whether this act was connected with the hunger of the wasps themselves or with the first development of the instinct of feeding the larvæ in the nest, which Miss Enteman says begins without imitation, is not clear. At 2 p. m. (two hours later) the colony was placed out of doors, still on the book. Two of the wasps soon left the latter, and settled near it, keeping very quiet for half an hour. The third kept climbing over and around the nest. At 2:30 one of the two wasps returned to the nest. At 3 p. m. two of the specimens were on the ground near the porch. They made only short flights, resembling jumps with the wings assisting, this being true even when they were disturbed. The third wasp was beside the colony, chewing on the decapitated pupa, probably getting some nourishment from it in the process. During the afternoon the nest was disturbed, and at 6 p. m. all three specimens had gone from the porch. One was found wandering aimlessly on a canna leaf near by. It did not seem to be able to fly well. The other two had disappeared entirely. The nest was saved and several days later a fourth wasp appeared. It was a very lively specimen, and spent the first few hours actively exploring the nest. It seemed of a very nervous disposition, being more easily disturbed than any of the others had been. Every time the nest was picked up, it would start for the fingers or forceps holding it. At one time it was observed with its whole body in a cell, head downward, evidently examining the interior. After staying close to the nest for a day, it began to fly around the floor of the room, paying no more attention to its former home. Even when it was placed on or near it, it would almost immediately crawl or fly away. Its flying was erratic, and seemed to lack power, but it got along much better than any of the other three had done. From the above observations it would appear that the movements of the wasp recorded at one minute intervals after emergence from its cell were probably reactions due to the discomfort of the drying and hardening of the tissues. At first the wasps apparently had very little, if any, home instinct. The only things to indicate that they had any were the facts that the first specimen so readily left the cork on which it was sitting and went back to its nest when the latter was held near it, and the fourth wasp stayed on or near the nest for the first twelve hours. But all the specimens observed left the nest the first night and showed no intention or disposition to return. The presence of a second wasp seemed to bring the home instinct into existence more forcibly, as the first and second wasps stayed with the nest for six or seven hours when they were returned to it together, while the fourth one repeatedly left the empty nest almost at once when it was returned to it. But this instinct was seemingly not very strong, as they soon wandered away when placed out of doors. They seemed to have no idea as to how to carry on the work of the colony, but wandered aimlessly over it. Perhaps this was due to the fact that they were too young, as Miss Enteman says the development of the nursing instinct is usually manifested "any time after the first half day of imaginal life," but was observed in some neuters as young as four hours, while in others it was delayed for two weeks. While the above observations are admittedly too few from which to draw definite conclusions, they seem to warrant the following assumptions, the first three of which are quoted from Miss Enteman, and hence are simply corroborative of her work: 1. "All wasps possess the instinct of fear. This is especially strong the first few days after emergence, but is readily overcome by the frequent appearance of the awe-inspiring object. 2. "In a sense, the wasp remembers. This is indicated by the manner in which it accustoms itself to the sight of strange objects, and by its behavior when a change is made in its nest or surroundings. 3. "It shows considerable individual variability, both as to time and manner of its response to stimuli." 4. After emergence, the first reactions are associated simply with the discomfort of the hardening of the tissues. 5. It has marked curiosity, as shown by its repeated inspection of its nest and other familiar objects. 6. The "home instinct" seems to be slight when the wasp is alone, but becomes stronger when two or more are on the same nest. 7. The olfactory sense is closely associated with the early instincts of the wasp. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote A: Minnie Marie Enteman. "Some Observations on the Behavior of the Social Wasps." Pop. Sci. Mo., 61: 339-351, 1902.] The Biology of the North American Crane-Flies (Tipulidæ, Diptera) V. The Genus Dicranoptycha Osten Sacken BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Ph.D. (Cornell) GENERIC DIAGNOSIS _Larva._ Form very elongate, terete; integument smooth, glassy, transparent; abdominal segments two to eight with a basal transverse band or area of microscopic chitinized points on the ventral surface; segment eight with a similar band on the dorsum. Spiracular disk surrounded by four lobes, the lateral pair more slender than the blunt ventral pair; dorsal lobe very low or lacking; spiracles small, widely separated; a triangular brown mark on the disk between the spiracles; anal gills a fleshy protuberant ring surrounding the anus. Head-capsule compact, massive, the præfrons large with a few marginal punctures; externo-lateral plates very broad. Labrum large, flattened, pale; antennæ two-segmented, the apical segment almost as long as the basal segment, narrowed to the blunt tip; mandibles with a blunt dorsal and two blunt ventral teeth; maxillæ generalized in structure; hypopharynx a rounded cushion; mentum deeply split behind but not completely divided, with three principle teeth and a small lateral tooth on either side. _Pupa._ Cephalic crest low, depressed, setiferous; labrum tumid; labial lobes oval, contiguous; antennal sheaths ending opposite the base of the wing. Pronotal breathing-horns microscopic, represented only by tiny triangular tubercles; mesonotum unarmed; wing-sheaths ending opposite the middle of the third abdominal segment; leg-sheaths ending opposite the base of the fifth abdominal segment, the tarsi terminating on a level, or nearly so. Abdominal tergites and sternites each with four transverse rows of microscopic setæ; lateral spiracles on segments two to seven. DISCUSSION OF THE GENUS The genus _Dicranoptycha_ was erected by Osten Sacken in 1860 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1859, p. 217). The genus includes a small group of crane-flies with a Holarctic distribution, there being about six species in North America and two, or possibly three, in Europe. As I have indicated elsewhere, _D. signaticollis_ v.d.W. of Java is undoubtedly a species of _Libnotes_. Of the American species, _D. germana_ O.S. is characteristic of the Canadian life-zone of northeastern America. _D. sobrina_ O.S. is widely distributed in the United States and southern Canada, usually occurring in the Transitional and Upper Austral life-zones. So far as known at present it is the only species of the genus occurring on the Pacific slope. The remaining American species (_nigripes_ O.S., _winnemana_ Alex., _tigrina_ Alex. and _minima_ Alex.) are Austral in distribution, occurring in the southeastern and south central United States. A more detailed account of the distribution of the species is given in another paper by the writer which may be consulted (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1916, pp. 496, 497). All of the known species are generally similar to one another in appearance and are separated by relatively slight differences of size, color and structure. Nothing has ever been written concerning the immature stages of this peculiar group of crane-flies. The species described hereinafter were reared at Lawrence, Kansas, and the general conditions under which they occur may be briefly discussed: North Hollow, on the Campus of the University of Kansas, is a typical dry Austral woodland traversed by a small stream that is entirely dry during the months of midsummer drought. The soil consists of a rich black humus that is soft and mellow except during the period of greatest dryness, being overlain by a varying depth of vegetable debris and leaf-mold. It is in this relatively dry soil that the larvæ of _Dicranoptycha_ occur. The forest cover consists of Carolina poplar, _Populus deltoides_ Marsh; black walnut, _Juglans nigra_ L., white elm, _Ulmus americana_ L.; Kentucky coffee-tree, _Gymnocladus dioica_ (L.) Koch; honey locust, _Gleditsia triacanthos_ L.; red bud, _Cercis canadensis_ L.; yellow wood, _Cladrastis lutea_ (Mx.f.) Koch; tree-of-heaven, _Ailanthus glandulosa_ Desf., etc. The principle shrubs are the goose-berry, _Ribes gracile_ Mx.; poison ivy, _Rhus Toxicodendron_ L.; wahoo, _Evonymus atropurpureus_ Jacq.; bladder-nut, _Staphylea trifolia_ L.; coral-berry, _Symphoricarpos orbiculatus_ Moench.; blackberried elder, _Sambucus canadensis_ L., etc. The herbage is made up of tall grasses, composites and, in the spring, the all-dominant cleavers, _Galium_. In addition to the above, great tangles of lianas (_Smilax_, _Vitis_, _Ampelopsis_, etc.) are found. In situations such as the above these Austral species of _Dicranoptycha_ spend their entire lives. The first larvæ of _D. winnemana_ were found here on March 20, 1918, by the writer and his wife. At this time they were well grown (length 16 mm.; diameter 0.9 mm.). They occurred just beneath the cover of fallen leaves and other debris in the upper layers of soil. Here they were associated with pupæ of _Tipula angustipennis_ Lw., larvæ of _Sciara_ (Mycetophilidæ); _Psilocephala hæmorrhoidalis_ Macq. (Therevidæ), numerous beetle larvæ, centipedes, etc. By their elongate form and glabrous shiny skin they are very characteristic and easily recognized. The glassy appearance of the body suggests the shiny shells of a small coiled molluscan whose dead fragments occurred in some numbers in the same situations. These larvæ were placed in rearing and the first adults appeared in the breeding-cages on May 6, and from that time on continued to appear in large numbers. It was over a month later that the first individuals were taken in the field. The pupal duration could not be determined closer than ten days, and this may be the usual length of time required for this stage. The first larvæ of _D. minima_ were found on July 2, 1918, in similar situations in North Hollow. At this time they were only about one-half grown. On July 11 much larger larvæ of this species were secured and placed in rearing, emerging as adults on July 21. The larvæ, like these of _D. winnemana_, live just beneath the layer of leaf-mold in the upper zone of black soil. They are usually quite sluggish in their motions but at other times are quite active. The larvæ are herbivores and feed on the rich organic earth in their haunts. When ready to pupate, they encase themselves in earthen cells (10 mm. × 3.5 mm.), firm in texture, rather thick-walled but without silk. There is a small opening at either end. The length of the cavity is but little greater than the pupa itself. In this cavity the pupa rests and matures. As in other insects, the teneral pupæ are very pale yellow but gradually darken in color until, at emergence, they are of a dark brownish-black. When newly transformed the teneral flies rest on the ground and on the leaves of low plants nearby. The adult flies of _D. germana_ usually occur in the immediate neighborhood of running or stagnant water and may be swept from the rank vegetation in such places. The flies rest on the upper surface of the leaves of tall herbs and low shrubs. In eastern Kansas, the flies of _D. winnemana_, _D. tigrina_ and _D. minima_ often occur together. In June, _D. winnemana_ appears on the wing and is found associated with _Tipula morrisoni_ Alex., _T. mingwe_ Alex., etc.; in July, _D. minima_ appears, together with _Tipula flavibasis_ Alex., _T. unimaculata_ Lw., etc.; still later in July _D. tigrina_ emerges and all three species fly together during August and into September when they fly with _Tipula ultima_ Alex., _T. unifasciata_ Lw., etc. It is curious that no other species of Limnobiinæ occur in the thamnophytic association frequented by _Dicranoptycha_. All three species of this genus as discussed above have habits that are generally similar to one another. They are usually found resting quietly on the upper surface of the leaves but fly readily and on slight disturbance. Pairs in copulation are often found resting, the bodies directed away from one another and the wings folded over the abdomen. While thus united they fly readily, sometimes the female taking the initiative, sometimes the rather smaller male. The eggs are deposited in the soft earth in these situations. NATURAL AFFINITIES In the Monographs (1869) Osten Sacken included the genus _Dicranoptycha_ in his tribe (section) Limnobina anomala, or, as it subsequently became known, the Rhamphidini, and still later the Antochini. A recent survey of the immature stages of several Antochine genera has shown that the tribe is merely an artificial grouping based on superficial resemblance of the adult flies. This heterogeneous assemblage includes representatives of at least three other tribes, _Dicranoptycha_, together with _Antocha_, _Elliptera_, _Rhamphidia_, etc., showing an undeniable affinity with the Limnobiini, whereas _Teucholabis_, _Elephantomyia_, etc., show an equally clear relationship with the Eriopterini. Moreover a close phylogenetic relationship with the lowermost subtribes of the Hexatomini (_Ularia_, _Epiphragmaria_, etc.), is easily apparent. _Dicranoptycha_ shows the closest affinities with _Antocha_ and _Rhamphidia_. The larvæ of these three genera, each of which typifies a division, show the following common characters: Abdominal segments with basal transverse creeping welts or areas of microscopic points. The massive compact head-capsule with the præfrontal sclerite large, distinct, the externo-lateral plates large, mussel-shaped and very thin. The mentum is not completely divided medially. The maxillæ are large and of primitive structure, the cardines and stipites distinct, the two distal lobes large, subequal in size, covered with hairs and bearing sensory organs. Mandibles with one or more dorsal and two or more ventral teeth in addition to the apical point. The differences between these allied divisions are best indicated by a key. LARVAE 1. Spiracular disk with only the two long ventral lobes remaining; spiracles lacking or vestigial; abdominal segments with both dorsal and ventral welts; strictly aquatic. _Antocharia._ Spiracular disk surrounded by four or five short lobes; spiracles large and functional; abdominal segments with ventral welts only (except the dorsum of segment eight); terrestrial or semiaquatic. 2. Body moderately elongated and covered with a long dark pubescence; spiracular disk squarely truncated, surrounded by five subequal stout lobes; mentum with five subequal teeth, the lateral one of either side not conspicuously reduced. _Rhamphidaria._ Body very long and slender, glabrous; spiracular disk obliquely truncated, surrounded by four slender naked lobes; mentum with three subequal primary teeth and a much reduced lateral tooth on either side. _Dicranoptycharia._ PUPAE 1. Pronotal breathing-horns branched; aquatic. _Antocharia._ Pronotal breathing-horns not branched; semiaquatic or terrestrial. 2. Pronotal breathing-horns distinct, elongate-cylindrical. _Rhamphidaria._ Pronotal breathing-horns apparently lacking, microscopic. _Dicranoptycharia._ THE SUBTRIBE DICRANOPTYCHA A Key to the Species of Dicranoptycha LARVAE 1. Spiracular disk with the dark markings less extensive; the mark of the lateral lobes not contiguous with the spiracle or the triangular area on the disk; dorsal marking indistinct or lacking. _D. winnemana_ Alex. Spiracular disk with the dark markings more extensive; the mark of the lateral lobes suffusing the ventral inner margin of the spiracle and usually closely approximated or nearly contiguous with the triangular area on the disk; dorsal marking black, transversely rectangular. _D. minima_ Alex. Description of the Species. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES 1916 _Dicranoptycha winnemana_ Alexander; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 500, 501; Pl. 25, fig. 12. _Larva._--Length, 20-22 mm. Diameter, 0.9-1.1 mm. Coloration varying from white to almost black depending on the nature and amount of the food eaten which shows clearly through the transparent integument. The fat-bodies likewise show through and give a white color to the larva especially after death. Form very elongate (fig. 1), body terete; integument very glabrous, transparent and glassy. Prothoracic segment a little longer than the mesothorax which, in turn, slightly exceeds the metathorax. The intermediate abdominal segments are elongated. The basal ring of sternites two to eight bears a transverse band or area of microscopic chitinized spicules, the one on the eighth segment split lengthwise by a capillary line. A similar band occurs in the same position on the dorsum of the eighth segment but the pleural region is devoid of such a band. Spiracular disk (fig. 8) moderate in size, obliquely truncated, surrounded by four lobes, a pair of small, slender, lateral lobes and short, broader ventral lobes. The usual dorso-median lobe is lacking but its position is indicated by a gently rounded convexity. The inner face of the lateral lobe bears a narrow semi-lunate black mark with the concavity toward the spiracle, the proximal end acutely pointed. The ventral lobes bear a similar but smaller subrectangular black mark. A pale and usually indistinct dusky mark occupies the inner face of the dorsal lobe. On the disk between, and slightly below the level of, the spiracles is a large brown triangular or V-shaped mark. The spiracles are small, separated from one another by a distance equal to about 2.5 to 3 times the diameter of one; the center-piece of the spiracle is black, the ring yellow surrounded by an outer dusky margin. Anal gills fleshy and protuberant as a blunt ring surrounding the anus (fig. 10). Head-capsule (fig. 2) of the compact, massive type of the Limnobiini; præfrontal sclerite (fig. 3) large and distinct; the sclerite broad with the sides subparallel to about midlength, thence tapering gradually to the tip which is entire; there are two or three punctures at the margin before midlength. Interno-lateral plates narrow, a little longer than the præfrons; externo-lateral plates very broad, thin and flattened with the posterior margin very obtuse and the inner ventral portions continuous with the mental plate. Labrum (fig. 3) very broad and extensive, flattened, pale in color, the anterior margin with about two sense-organs. Mentum (fig. 4) deeply split behind but not completely divided, the anterior margin with three primary teeth that are subequal in size or the middle one a little smaller; a much reduced lateral tooth on either side. Præmentum smaller than the hypopharynx, in outline roughly oval or semicircular with the two labial palpi surrounded by hairs at the base. Hypopharynx (fig. 5) consisting of two chitinized arms that are contiguous but not fused medially, the concavity between them filled with a rounded cushion that is covered with tubercles arranged in more or less distinct oblique parallel rows. Antennæ (fig. 6) two-segmented, the basal segment cylindrical with an auditory plate on the face at beyond midlength; apical segment long and slender, in length but slightly less than the basal segment, tapering gradually to the bluntly rounded apex. Mandibles (fig. 7) simple with the teeth blunt; apical point longer than the lateral teeth; dorsal tooth single, broad, very flattened and obtusely pointed; ventral teeth two, a little smaller than the dorsal tooth. Maxillæ (fig. 2) of a generalized structure, the cardines distinct and feebly chitinized; distal lobes of the organ consisting of a subequal inner and outer lobe; the outer lobe with an abundance of long, delicate hairs and bearing a few sensory papillæ including one larger palpiform organ. _Pupa._--Length, 9.1-12.8 mm. Width, d.-s., 1.6-1.8 mm. Depth, d.-v., 1.6-1.9 mm. Thoracic dorsum shiny light brown; in very old pupæ the color is much darker, but still retains a much brighter color than the leg and wing-sheaths; abdomen pale becoming darker in age, especially on the pleura. Cephalic crest (fig. 13) low and depressed, inconspicuous, lying between the antennal bases which extend beyond it; there are four small setigerous lobes, the larger pair of which are posterior in position. Front between the eyes broad, subparallel. Two blunt tubercles on either side of the forehead. Eyes large, with coarse ommatidia. Labrum semicircular in outline, tumid. Labial lobes large, oval, contiguous with one another, at the tip of the labrum. Maxillary palpi moderately long and slender, nearly straight, gradually narrowed to the tip which ends opposite the knee-joint of the fore legs. Antennæ with the basal segments separated only by the cephalic crest, the sheaths ending about opposite or a little before the lateral angle of the thorax. Pronotal breathing-horns (fig. 14) very small, almost microscopic; when viewed from the dorsal aspect appearing as tiny triangular tubercles. Mesonotum moderately convex, unarmed, the V-shaped suture distinct; a few setæ on the mesonotum, including one near the end of each scutal lobe. Wing-sheaths rather short, but narrow, ending about opposite midlength of the third abdominal segment. Leg-sheaths ending opposite the base of the fifth abdominal segment, the tips of the tarsi ending about on a common level or those of the fore legs a trifle longer. Abdominal segments (fig. 11) subdivided into four annuli that bear transverse bands of microscopic setæ; these bands increase in width from the basal to the apical. Spiracles on the pleural region of segments two to seven, lying opposite the third annulus and close to the ventral margin of the pleura. No spiracles are discernible on the dorsum of the eighth segment. Male cauda (fig. 11) with the ventral lobes very blunt, rounded; the dorsal lobes very small, terminating in a sharp spine that is directed dorsad and bears a weak seta near its base. Female cauda (fig. 12) with the ventral lobes a little longer than the dorsal lobes; the latter at the outer angle of the apex with a short stout spine that is directed dorsad as in the male. _Nepionotype_ (type larva), Lawrence, Kansas, April 2, 1918. _Neanotype_ (type pupa), with the type larva, May 6, 1918. _Paratypes_, larvæ and pupæ, about fifty from the type locality, March 20 to May 20, 1918. _Dicranoptycha minima_ Alexander. 1919 _Dicranoptycha minima_ Alexander; Ent. News, Vol. 30. The larva is very similar to that of _D. winnemana_ as described above, but is slightly smaller. The spiracular disk (fig. 9) has the dark markings much more extensive. The mark of the lateral lobes is contiguous with the spiracles and is also closely approximated to the large triangular brown mark on the disk. There is a large transverse rectangular mark occupying the inner face of the dorsal lobe. The marking of the ventral lobe is about as in _D. winnemana_. _Nepionotype_, Lawrence, Kansas, July 11, 1918. _Neanotype_, Lawrence, Kansas, July 21, 1918. _Paratypes_, a few larvæ from the type-locality. Explanation of the Figures A--Labial Lobes; E--Eye; EL--Externo-lateral Plate; G--Anal Gills; IL--Interno-lateral Plate; Lb--Labrum; M--Maxillary Palpus; P--Pronotal Breathing-horn; Pf--Præfrons; S--Spiracle. Fig. 1. Larva of _Dicranoptycha winnemana_, ventral aspect of body. Fig. 2. The same, head-capsule, ventral aspect. Fig. 3. The same, head-capsule, dorsal aspect. Fig. 4. The same, mentum, ventral aspect. Fig. 5. The same, hypopharynx, ventral aspect. Fig. 6. The same, antenna. Fig. 7. The same, mandible. Fig. 8. Larva of _Dicranoptycha winnemana_, spiracular disk, dorso-caudal aspect. Fig. 9. Larva of _D. minima_, spiracular disk, caudal aspect, the anal gills protruded. Fig. 10. Larva of _D. winnemana_, spiracular disk, lateral aspect. Fig. 11. Pupa of _D. winnemana_, lateral aspect of male. Fig. 12. The same, lateral aspect of female cauda. Fig. 13. The same, head and mouth-parts, ventral aspect. Fig. 14. The same, pronotal breathing-horn, enlarged. [Illustration] [Illustration] The Central Nervous System of Nucula and Malletia WILLIAM A. HILTON These bivalve forms are grouped among the simplest of the molloscs. It is especially from the condition in _Nucula_ as described by Pelseneer '91, that the conception of the most anterior ganglion being composed of four ganglia, has its chief support. Drew '01, who has also studied _Nucula_, believes that the lobes of the ganglion in _Nucula_ are superficial and that the four connectives coming from the ganglion may be interpreted in another way. That is, that one pair of nerves may represent an otocystic branch partly fused with the connective. This view seemed reasonable to him as Stempel '99 in _Solenyma_ found the otocystic nerves arose directly from the cerebral ganglion. The two species of this group used for study were collected at Laguna Beach. _Nucula castrensis_ Hinds, occurs abundantly at low tide under rocks. It is rather small for dissection, but very good complete series were obtained and stained in hematoxylin. _Malletia faba_ Dall, was much less abundant. Specimens were obtained from holdfasts or from dredging. Although this was a larger species, gross dissection was not very easily carried out on any of the specimens, but good series were made. The ganglia of _Nucula_ are easily studied in section. The cerebral mass seems composed of one main mass, partly divided into four subdivisions, the two central most completely fused, and the lateral quite distinct in places. The central portion might represent the cerebral ganglia and the lateral, the pleural if we take that interpretation. The pedal ganglion is made of right and left parts quite completely fused except at the margins. The pedal mass is the smallest of the three chief ganglionic areas. The visceral ganglia are quite widely separated and a little larger than the pedal mass. The ganglia of _Malletia_ are in general plan similar to those of _Nucula_, the greatest differences being in the cerebral mass. The cerebro-pleural mass seems almost one. In most sections it is very compact and a little more complicated in structure than the ganglion of _Nucula_. However there are two small ventral ganglionic branches or small ganglia attached to the ventral side of the cerebral mass. These small ganglia may represent the visceral. Farther back in a cross section series as the cerebral mass disappears two other small branches take origin and run parallel to the nerves from the ganglionic cords. These two branches on each side seem to run together before the pedal ganglia are reached. Neither of these pairs of nerves seems connected with an otocyst. At the cephalic end of the cerebro-pleural ganglion the large ganglionic cords are in evidence. A little distance from the cephalic end on the dorsal side there are quite large groups of cells down from the surface and surrounded by nerve fibers. The course of the fibers here is quite complex. On the ventral lateral sides of the ganglia are paired light areas of fibers which may be traced into the fibers of the ganglionic cords. The pedal ganglion is small and much as in _Nucula_. The visceral ganglia are larger and widely separated. In both _Nucula_ and _Malletia_ young specimens were used for study. In _Nucula_ there was more the appearance of four ganglia in the cerebro-pleural mass, and the ganglia seem less complex than in _Malletia_. This last species has more separate pleural ganglia, if the ganglionic cords can be so regarded. In neither of the species studied were all parts of the connectives easy to follow, so it was impossible to test the suggestions of Drew, but in both species there is some indication of two lateral lobes of the cerebral mass, and in _Nucula_ there is good evidence of two central ganglia as well as the smaller lateral ones. The lateral ganglia of the cerebral mass are most clearly separated in _Malletia_. In _Nucula_ the lateral ganglia are larger in proportion and the distribution of the gray and white matter is more irregular. REFERENCES _Drew, G. A._ 1901 The life history of Nucula delphinodonta. Quart, jour. sc. vol. 44, pt. 3. _Pelseneer, P._ 1891 Contribution á l'étude des Lamellibranchs. Arch. d. biol. xi. _Stempell_ 1899 Zur Anatomie von Solrmya togata. Zool. Jahrb. Bd. xiii. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Diagram of the ganglia of _Nucula castrensis_, reconstructed from serial sections. The probable position of the connectives is shown and the proportionate distances between ganglia are given. The upper ganglion is the cerebro-pleural with large nerves leading off from the ganglion which is itself lobed into four chief lobes. The pedal ganglion is next. In section the pedal ganglion at one place seems to be made up of four parts which may correspond to four connectives from the cerebro-pleural although only one pair of connectives was clearly determined. The visceral ganglion is connected with the pedal below. ×70. Fig. 2. Cross section of cerebro-pleural ganglion. On the right side one of the lateral ganglia is shown. The one of the other side does not show because the section is not straight across. The dorsal side is up. ×300. Fig. 3. Section of the pedal mass of _Nucula_, through the center. The dorsal side is up. ×300. Fig. 4. Left side of the visceral mass of _Nucula_. Dorsal side up. ×300. Fig. 5. Nerve cells from the central nervous system of _Nucula_. ×450. Fig. 6. Section through the body of _Nucula_ showing the position of the cerebro-pleural ganglion cut through the center. Dorsal side up. The cellular portion of the ganglion is black. ×70. Fig. 7. Section through the body of _Nucula_ at the level of the visceral nerves which are shown on either side of the section. The area of nerve cells is shown in black. ×70. Fig. 8. Reconstruction from serial sections of the cerebro-pleural mass nerves and connectives of _Malletia faba_. The drawing is a ventral view, the cephalic side is at the top. ×70. Fig. 9. Reconstruction of pedal ganglion of _Malletia_ from the ventral side. Cephalic side at the top. ×70. Fig. 10. Reconstruction of visceral ganglia of _Malletia_. ×70. Fig. 11. Section through cerebro-pleural mass of _Malletia_. The dorsal side is up. On the ventral side to the left and right are the beginnings of the lateral lobes or ganglionic cords which may represent the pleural ganglia. In this species the cerebral ganglia are not separated into right and left halves as in _Nucula_. ×300. Fig. 12. Section through the central part of the pedal mass of _Malletia_. The dorsal side is up. ×300. Fig. 13. Section through one visceral ganglion of _Malletia_. The dorsal side is up. ×300. [Illustration] [Illustration] JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY--_Advertising Section_ _The_ Journal _of_ Zoological Research _Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, M. Sc., F. L. S., F. E. S. The Gatty Marine Laboratory The University, St. Andrews, Scotland_ The subject matter is strictly confined to original zoological research--systematic and anatomical. Fully illustrated by lithographic plates and text figures. Each volume will consist of 4 parts, price $5. _All subscriptions should be forwarded to_ Messrs. 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Originally: surface of the book on which it was placd, Page 68: Changed "X" to "×". Originally: cells (10 mm. X 3.5 mm.) Page 70: Changed "chitinizd" to "chitinized". Originally: Changed area of microscopic chitinizd spicules, Page 71: Changed "Lengh" to "Length". Originally: Pupa.--Lengh, 9.1-12.8 mm. Page 75: Retained "molloscs", as a possible spelling variant for "molluscs". However, it may be a typo. Originally: forms are grouped among the simplest of the molloscs. Pages 75, 76: Retained "Stempel" and "Stempell" spelling variations. Page 76: Changed "once" to "one". Originally: the pedal ganglion at once place seems to be made up Page 76: Changed all instances of "X" to "×" to indicate magnification. 
45597	----	Transcriber Note Text emphasis is as follows: _Italic_. Whole and fractional parts of numbers: 1-2/3 VOLUME ELEVEN NUMBER ONE =============================================================== JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY MARCH, 1919 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. =============================================================== CONTENTS Page New Polychaetous Annelids from Laguna Beach, Cal.--_Ralph V. Chamberlin_ 1 The Nervous System of Cæcum Californicum--_W. A. Hilton_ 24 Amphipods from Laguna Beach 26 =============================================================== Entered Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY _Subscription_ $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries. This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions. The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists. Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication. Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about 8 by 11 inches. Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets. Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout. The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript. Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible. An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author. Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost. Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when reduced, that is, 5 by 7-1/2 inches or less. The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases. Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive fifty reprints of their publications free of cost. If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets. Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost. Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles. Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail. Address all communications to The Journal of Entomology and Zoology William A. Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U.S.A. New Polychaetous Annelids From Laguna Beach, California RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN In a very interesting collection of annelids from Laguna Beach transmitted to me for study by Prof. Hilton, the apparently previously undescribed forms listed below are represented. As a comprehensive report on the annelids of the region to follow further explorations and collecting is in contemplation, I am giving here only such preliminary accounts of the new forms as are thought sufficient for their identification in the local fauna. The types of all these species are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. POLYNOIDAE _Halosydna latior_ sp. nov. A species proportionately broader over all than the usual forms of the common _H. insignis_, _californica_, and _pulchra_. It is characterized by elytra not only closely imbricated along each side but also broadly overlapping in the middle line throughout the length. The elytra in general are unusually elongate in an oblique direction, the long axis running from the outer end cephalomesad; the outline subelliptic, the caudomesal edge broadly convex, the opposite one a little incurved at middle. The entire surface of elytra subdensely covered with very small rounded brown nodules or tubercles; within the middle region, just behind the edge of the preceding overlapping elytron, a number of much larger paler tubercles which in the type are present on all excepting the last pair. Elytra extending to outer ends of parapodia. Eighteen pairs of elytra present. Prostomium subangularly bulging on each side, the anterior eye at the angle, the posterior eye removed far caudad, by about half the greatest width of the prostomium. Paired anterior prolongations of the prostomium very long, as long as the median length of the prostomium back to level of posterior eyes, distally clavate. Median ceratophore much stouter than the lateral prolongations and exceeding them by more than a third in length. Median tentacle long, nearly attaining end of palpi; slender, narrowing distad, only slightly thickened subapically, with the usual slender tip which is of moderate length. Lateral tentacles much shorter, their tips reaching only to near middle of light region between proximal black region and subapical black ring of median tentacle. Tentacular cirri resembling median tentacle in form, being narrowed distad with subapical enlargement slight; one or two fine setae emerging from a small nodule at distal end of parapodium proximad of tentacular cirrus. The notocirri in general have the same characteristic form as the tentacular cirri, narrowing continuously distad with the subapical enlargement slight. First neurocirrus very elongate, surpassing the parapodium. The other neurocirri slenderly cylindroconical, narrowed into a slender tip and a little narrowed proximally; attached well toward base of parapodium the end of which they fail much of attaining. A characteristic feature is the elongate form of the nephridial papillæ, these in the type as preserved being mostly near three times as long as thick at the middle. Neuropodial setae dark amber colored, numerous, arranged in two continuous regions, a narrow dorsal one and a much broader ventral one in the latter of which the setae form four distinct longitudinal series with five or six setae in each series. Notopodials moderate in number, the dorsal ones short, the most ventral long, attaining the end of the neuropodium. The elytra are greyish with dusky or brownish mottlings. Notocirri with dark annulations as usual. Length, 42 mm.; width to end of setae, 14 mm.; to end of parapodia, 10.8 mm.; exclusive of parapodia, 7 mm. Taken on Laguna Beach at Mussel Point (Hamilton coll.). Type--M. C. Z. 2, 138. _Halosydna tuberculifer_ sp. nov. Among other forms known from the California coast characterized especially by the strong tuberculation of all the elytra. The tubercles are mostly large and conical though some are rounded and are confined chiefly to the mesocaudal half and median region of each elytron, a series of large ones ordinarily present along the caudal and caudomesal margin; in the first two or three pairs of elytra the tubercles of the median region especially large, the tubercles on the first pair occurring on the anterior part as well; ectal margin of elytra strongly fringed or ciliate. Elytra in general subcircular but with margin of ectocephalic side flattened or in part a little incurved. Elytra in contact or nearly so at median line but not there at all overlapping. Pairs of elytra eighteen, these being present on somites II, IV, V, VII, IX and so on alternate ones to XXV and then on XXVI, XXVIII, XXX, XXXI, and XXXIII. The last three setigerous somites bear notocirri. Anterior pair of eyes near middle of length of prostomium proper, larger than posterior pair which are a little closer together and are well removed from the others. Lateral prolongations of the prostomium in front which bear the lateral tentacles only a little shorter than the median ceratophore though much more slender. Median tentacle shorter than the palpi, moderately enlarged and strongly rounded subapically and with the usual slender tip or filament which is comparatively short. The lateral tentacles of similar form but much shorter and more slender. Neurocirri of first normal segment large, resembling a notocirrus. The other neurocirri much shorter, subconical, constricted at base and prolonged into a slender but short tip; attached near base of neuropodium in each case. Anal cirri similar to notocirri but much longer and stouter. Neuropodial setae of usual general form, amber colored with dark tip, arranged mostly in two or three, usually uneven, subvertical series. The notopodial setae fine, numerous, the longer ones not falling much short of or reaching the ends of the neuropodials. The nephridial papillæ occupy the ordinary position; they are small and unusually short. The color of the elytra uniform greyish brown. Antennæ, tentacular cirri and notocirri banded at base and distally with black. Length, 23 mm.; width exclusive of parapodia, 3 mm. A little narrowed cephalad, somewhat more so caudal. Taken at Laguna Beach under stones. (1917) Type--M. C. Z. 2, 139. _Halosydna leioseta_ sp. nov. Body strongly and continuously narrowed caudad. Prostomium wider than long, deeply bilobed, the median tentacle inserted deeply in the intervening incision. Lobes extended forward into peaks which, however, are constricted at base so as to give appearance of more or less distinct ceratophores, these short. Anterior eye free on each side, the caudal one much farther mesad and overlapped by the peristomium. Tentacles short, the median line a little longest and about equalling the palpi; in each a slender tip above the moderate subdistal swelling about equal in length to the remaining part of the style. Tentacular cirri similarly formed, as is also the first neurocirrus, the latter less clavate below the slender tip. Other neurocirri much shorter, shortly subfusiform with filiform tip short; characteristically inserted almost precisely at middle of length of the neuropodium. Notopodia reduced to small lobes at base of neuropodia above, these lobes smooth, bearing no emergent setae in the type. In the average neuropodium the setae are mostly six in number; these are coarse, with subhastate heads the tips of which are curved, entire, and acute; the surface appears smooth, the seriate spinules being exceedingly minute and easily overlooked; pale straw colored. The notocirri have the usual enlarged distal end baring a slender tip and a little exceed the neuropodial setae. The elytra have an arrangement in general similar to that normal in Halosydna so far as that usually goes, but twenty-four pairs are present, these occurring on somites, II, IV, V, VII, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVII, XIX, XXI, XXIII, and XXVI, XXVIII, XXIX, XXXI, XXXIII, XXXV, XXXVII, XXXIX, XLI, XLIII, XLV, and XLVII. The elytra are characteristically widely imbricated so as completely to cover the dorsum and prostomium. They extend out far laterally so as wholly to overlap the parapodia proper though the ends of the setae and notocirri extend beyond the edges. The elytra have the surface wholly smooth and the edges are also not fringed. As preserved, the type has no definite color markings; color greyish, the elytra of weak fulvous cast. Length near 22 mm.; greatest width exclusive of parapodia, 2.8 mm.; to ends of parapodia, 5 mm.; to ends of setae, 6.8 mm. Taken as a commensal on a sea-urchin (Metz, July 20, 1911). Type--M. C. Z. 2, 140. _Lepidonotus setosior_ sp. nov. Readily distinguished from _L. squamatus_, _coeloris_ and other species recorded from the Pacific coasts of North and South America by the greater length and coarseness of the notopodial setae, these being stout pointed spines often nearly attaining the ends of the neuropodials and thus exceeding the latter in actual length. The notopodials, however, are obviously more slender than the neuropodials; they are much more numerous than the neuropodials and form a dense, subcylindrical, spreading group. The elytra are characterized by bearing over their free portions numerous high and stout, conical, hard or chitinous tubercles which are, however, much less dense than the very different rounded eminences of _squamatus_, these cones often roughened; between these high cones, and over the covered part of the elytra as well, numerous small rounded tubercles or nodules; much more slender and shorter, erect, conical papillæ present on the outer border of at least some of the elytra but no truly ciliate fringe could be detected in the types. The elytra are long, subelliptic in outline, and are arranged either with axis nearly longitudinal or very oblique, the most anterior elytra, however, subcircular. Eyes on each side unusually widely separated, the anterior one low on side, a little ectocaudad of base of anterior process. Anterior processes of prostomium about four-fifths as long as the median ceratophore and much more slender. Lateral tentacles much more slender than the median, and, exclusive of the filamentous tip, falling short of attaining the middle of the style of the latter exclusive of its tip; styles biannulate with black as frequent, the basal process also black. Median tentacle surpassing palpi in length; subapical swelling pronounced, much more so than that of the laterals. Tentacular cirri and notocirri similar in form to the median tentacle. Anal cirri proportionately somewhat shorter than in _squamatus_. Color of venter and parapodia grey; elytra at present grey over a fulvous ground. Setae dark amber to nearly ferruginous, darker than usual in _squamatus_. A paratype has elytra fulvous of dilute ferruginous cast with black mottlings. Length, 18 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 141. _Lepidonotus leius_ sp. nov. A species characterized by its rather thin, easily detached elytra which have their surface wholly smooth or, at most, showing a few scattered minute points; closely fringed along the outer margin, about the cephaloectal region, and for a short distance along the anterior edge. Elytrophore attached cephaloectad of middle. Anterior and ectal margins of a typical elytron only weakly convex, the cephaloectal corner subrectangular though rounded; caudal margin strongly convex, the inner end of elytron like the end of an ellipse but with lower margin the more oblique. Elytra transverse or but little oblique, strongly overlapping in the middorsal line. Prostomium of usual general form. Eyes large and black, the anterior ones near middle of main region of prostomium, the posterior ones closer together and at caudal end. Only one tentacle, a lateral, retained in type. This characterized by a short cylindrical style which to the base of the distal swelling is scarcely longer than the basal process, and especially by an unusually long slender tip which is as long as the rest of the style. The parapodium of the first segment bears two prominent setae in the usual position; tentacular cirri of usual form, the filiform tips long, when bent back reaching proximad of middle of style. Notocirri also characterized by their long terminal filaments. Neuropodial setae light amber-colored; arranged in the usual vertically elongate patch, presenting a narrow dorsal half and a broader ventral one. In the ventral part of the patch normally four longitudinal rows of three setae each, while the narrower upper region shows also about four rows but with only two or one in each. The setae have the usual general structure. Notopodials numerous, reaching beyond distal end of neuropodia and sometimes nearly to middle of the neuropodial setae. In the type the elytra are light brown. The tentacles and notocirri ringed with black as common. Length, 13 mm.; width exclusive of parapodia, 3 mm.; width to tips of setae, 6 mm. Dredged. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 142. PHYLLODOCIDAE _Hesperophyllum_ gen. nov. Similar in general to _Notophyllum_ and _Austrophyllum_ but differing especially in having the ventral cirrus of the second segment flattened and foliaceous and strongly asymmetrical. It is like _Notophyllum_ and unlike _Austrophyllum_ in having the first segment dorsally reduced. _Genotype._--_H. tectum_ sp. nov. _Hesperophyllum tectum_ sp. nov. The first segment dorsally reduced. Ventral tentacular cirrus of second somite of a thin or foliaceous and asymmetrical form. Other tentacular cirri subcylindric, reduced distally to a pointed tip, that of I about half as long as the dorsals of II and III. Paired tentacles short, proximally thick and convexly bulging, abruptly narrowed to an acute tip with incurving sides. Unpaired tentacle situated between eyes in line connecting their centers, nearly of same length and size as the first tentacular cirri and about as long also as prostomium; annulate. Prostomium shortly subcordate, well rounded in front, incurved caudally. With very large cirri of which the dorsals widely overlap in the middle and thus completely cover the dorsum, the prostomium normally also being wholly concealed from above. The neurocirrus of a typical parapodium is attached by a broad base extending from a pronounced ventral swelling or flange (neurocirrophore) across the caudal side of the parapodium to its dorsal edge and projects farther dorsad of the parapodium than ventrad, the dorsomesal end widely rounded; much broader dorsoventrally than long, with the free edge evenly rounded. The notocirrophore in a thick rounded body arising from the base of the parapodium proper and showing the notopodium as a proportionately much smaller lobe on its ectal side; the style is attached about its caudal half-circumference and is broadly subreniform with the free margin coarsely crenulate or wavy, its mesal limb widely overlapping that of the opposite notocirrus and its ectal one overlapping the neurocirrus. Surface of cirri and of somites, especially ventrally, densely covered with very fine brown dots or points. Number of segments in type, near seventy-three. Body narrowing caudad, becoming narrow and pointed at posterior end. Proboscis unknown. Length, 19 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 143. Dredged. Brown in life, this color being also retained in the preserved type specimen. A paratype has a greenish cast. This species suggests _Notophyllum imbricatum_ Moore in the large imbricated notocirri covering the dorsum but in the latter all the tentacular cirri are of the elongate, symmetrical, evenly tapering form characteristic of its genus. _Imbricatum_ similarly presents nuchal appendages, but these are three in number on each side and slender, instead of two broad, subelliptic lobes. The neuropodium is distally narrowed instead of broad, the head is differently formed, and various other differences are present throughout. _Steggoa gracilior_ sp. nov. This is a small and slender form noted as green in life and also retaining this color after preservation in alcohol. It agrees in general with _Steggoa_, the first segment being normally developed above and distinct from the prostomium though not so clearly separated as usual, suggesting a tendency toward the _Hypoeulalia_ condition. Prostomium a little longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly, sides convex; a short lobe, rounded in front and bearing the four tentacles, is set off by a weak constriction from the basal part. Unpaired tentacle situated well caudad, more slender than the paired ones but nearly as long. Eyes not detected. Ventral tentacular cirrus of II of a thick, leaf-shaped form, sublanceolate in outline and much like the notocirri. The other tentacular cirri longer and filiform. Notocirri in outline lanceolate, characteristically exceptionally thick in proportion to width so as at times to appear nearly subconical. Neurocirri much smaller; similarly proportionately thick and at times subconical. Body slender, strongly narrowed from the middle toward both ends. The proboscis densely and uniformly papillose throughout. Number of segments near one hundred and twenty-three. Length, about 26 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 144. _Sige californiensis_ sp. nov. Corresponding closely in general characters with _S. macroceros_ (Grube), the genotype. Green in color instead of straw-yellow to brown. Tentacles long and slender as in _macroceros_, with the median equalling the others in length and inserted close to the base of the latter; tips of tentacles slenderly attenuated. The eyes seem to be proportionately larger than in _macroceros_. The first segment is reduced above at the sides where the prostomium bulges back on each side; but the middle region is well developed, extending forward on the base of the head as a rounded lobe or flap. Very easily distinguished from _macroceros_ and other known species by the form of the ventral tentacular cirrus of the second segment which, in place of the ordinarily lanceolate foliaceous form, is very strongly expanded above the base, presenting a large rounded lobe in front and an abruptly much more slender tip, with the blade as a whole irregularly twisted. The parapodia very similar to those of the genotype; but the setigerous lobe less acutely and less deeply notched and rather broader across the end along the setigerous line. The notocirri rather more slender and narrowed more evenly distally, not incurved on each side distally so as to leave an elongate tip set off from the rest. The neurocirri similar but more asymmetrical, the upper margin straight or concave, the lower convex. Anal cirri missing. Proboscis not protruded. Total number of segments in the type, which is complete, sixty-eight. Length, 10 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 145. Taken under stones. Moore has described _Eulalia (Sige) bifoliata_ from Monterey Bay; but as the ventral tentacular cirrus of II is described and figured as cylindroconical, that species cannot be properly referred to _Sige_ as now restricted. _Anaitides heterocirrus_ sp. nov. Close to _A. mucosa_ (Oersted) in the characters of the proboscis, having similarly six rows of papillæ proximally on each side with the number in each series normally nine or ten, but distinct in the form of the cirri. The three first pairs of normal foliaceous notocirri much smaller than the succeeding ones and different in shape, being very broadly and evenly elliptic, the distal end of the third, e. g., broadly rounded, not conspicuously narrowed as in _mucosa_. In the average parapodia of the middle region of the body the neurocirri are obviously broader with the tip stouter and less acute; and the notocirri, while in general somewhat similar in form, are more elongate with a more pronounced ventral lobe, the distoectal angle more acute and more produced, while the distomesal corner is more rounded, and the proportionate width across the distal end appears less. The prostomium very broadly cordate, notched or constricted at the sides near the anterior third which is distally broadly rounded; tentacles inserted on each side at or just distad of the constriction, conical and of moderate length; caudal margin conspicuously angularly incised at middle and there embracing a conspicuous nuchal papilla. Eyes about twice their diameter apart. The type is incomplete caudally, at present consisting of ninety-five somites and having a length of 35 mm. with a maximum width, exclusive of parapodia, of 2 mm. The body at present has a purplish tinge. Dredged at 10 fathoms on Aug. 27, 1917. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 146. SYLLIDAE _Typosyllis bella_ sp. nov. Differing from _armillaris_ (Müller), _alternata_ (Moore) and related forms in the form and relations of the prostomium and its appendages. The prostomium is broadest anteriorly, narrowing caudad and rounded forward a little at middle in front. A characteristic feature is that the three tentacles are in a transverse line along the anterior edge, the median being thus inserted far in advance of the posterior eyes. A median longitudinal furrow extending forward from caudal edge to base of median tentacle. The anterior eyes much larger than the posterior and farther apart, each somewhat transversely elliptic and located far forward at base of lateral tentacle on its ectal side. The median tentacle about two and a half times longer than the prostomium; in the type composed of twenty-one articles; only a little narrowing over the distal region. Lateral tentacles considerably shorter than the median. Inferior tentacular cirrus about equal in length to the median tentacle, the upper one much longer and consisting of about thirty-four articles. Neurocirri slender, subcylindric, somewhat conical distally or sometimes a little clavate, surpassing end of parapodium. Notocirri in anterior region alternating in length, the long ones surpassing the width of the body proper and consisting of about thirty-two articles while the short ones embrace only near eighteen. Notocirri becoming shorter and essentially uniform in the posterior region. Appendage of setae with subapical tooth larger and stouter, more obtuse, than in _alternata_, making a wider angle with the apical tooth, and always conspicuous; the serrations proximad of the tooth fine and rather long. The body is proportionately rather wide and is depressed or flattened, narrowing in the posterior region but retaining there the depressed form. Number of segments in the type, near one hundred and forty-five. General color yellowish; each somite of anterior region crossed transversely by two fine complete lines of reddish brown color. Width in anterior region, exclusive of parapodia, about 1.25 mm.; length near 20 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 147. Taken at low tide. The type is a female turgid with eggs. It is remarkable in presenting at the same time a well-developed collateral bud from the ventral surface near the beginning of the posterior third. _Pionosyllis pigmentata_ sp. nov. Somewhat resembling _P. elongata_ (Johnson), which also occurs in this region, but differing in having the dorsum pigmented throughout, being black or slaty with pale lines between the segments and dividing each of the latter transversely excepting across the middorsal region. The pigmentation may sometimes be very dilute. In technical details readily distinguished from that species, e. g., in the different form of the appendage of the setae, this being obviously more elongate and erect and proportionately more slender. Two or more dorsal setae differ in having shorter, more strongly curved appendages which are wholly smooth on the concave edge instead of being pubinate to beyond middle as in the others. Prostomium rather short and broad. Palpi thick the ectal lobe small as compared with the principal or mesal one; united only at base. Eyes small, transversely elongate and often curved, the two on each side close together and sometimes almost fused, with the posterior one well mesad of but only a little caudad of the anterior one. Median tentacle situated midway between the two eye groups in a longitudinal furrow dividing prostomium; composed of eighteen to twenty-three short articles. Each paired tentacle at corner of prostomium in front of eye-group of corresponding side; similar in form and size to the median tentacle. Lower tentacular cirrus about equalling a tentacle in length, the dorsal longer, both of similar form. First segment extending forward in a rounded or subtriangular lobe or flap at middle above. The notocirri attached above bases of parapodia as usual; long, composed of numerous short segments; much longer than the tentacles, each average one when laid back along body ordinarily passing over three or three and a half segments. Neurocirri short, stout, fusiform. Body slender, narrowed moderately at the ends, elsewhere of nearly uniform width. Type composed of seventy-three segments. Length, near 20 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 148. Littoral zone. _Pionosyllis lucida_ sp. nov. Readily differentiated from _P. elongata_, which it resembles in its pale, translucent appearance, in having the distal appendage of setae more typical, being of a decidedly more elongate and erect form which also differs from that of _pigmentata_. From the latter differing conspicuously in appearance in lacking all dark pigment. Notocirri tapering distad, with apical region slender and pointed; long, exceeding the width of the body and consisting of up to forty-five articles. Differing from _pigmentata_ in the form of the neurocirri which are more uniform in diameter, subcylindric rather than fusiform; normally extending more or less beyond the tip of the parapodium. Prostomium short. Eyes reddish; those of first pair larger than the second; second eye on each side almost directly mesad of the first but only a little caudad of it. The median tentacle farther forward than in _pigmentata_, well in front of the eyes, its anterior edge being nearly in line with the caudal margins of the paired tentacles; composed of twenty-eight or more short articles. Paired tentacles much shorter and also more slender; composed of about twenty articles. Palpi fused at base as usual; narrower distally than in _pigmentata_. The types are incomplete caudally; but the body is evidently slender. One specimen 8 mm. long consists of forty-three segments; and a second, somewhat thicker one, of nearly the same length consists of thirty-seven. The width is near 1 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 180. _Hesperalia_ gen. nov. Palpi thick, fused at base only to middle of length. Pharynx straight. Proboscis unarmed (?). Tentacles three, attenuated, more or less obviously jointed. Eyes two pairs; large. Tentacular cirri two pairs. Parapodia uniramous with setae all compound, or in the epitokous phase with long simple natatory setae in notopodia of middle region of body. Appendage of compound setate short, bidentate. Neurocirri present, thick, rounded. Notocirri on side of body above parapodia; filiform; more or less segmented. A large quadrate membrane or flap projecting from anterior edge of peristomium forward over caudal region of prostomium. _Genotype._--_H. californiensis_ sp. nov. _Hesperalia californiensis_ sp. nov. Body rather stout for a syllid, more as in Hesionidae; broadest and deepest anteriorly, continuously narrowing caudal to the pointed posterior end. The color of the dorsum is blackish, with pale transverse lines in the intersegmental furrows and bisecting each somite which under the lens thus appears double. Parapodia and cirri typically pale fulvous and the venter either similar or approaching the dorsum in color. Prostomium very short, sunk in the first body ring and almost completely overlapped by the quadrate flap from the latter, this flap extending over the bases of the tentacles in the type. Palpi stout, presenting two main lobes fused to their apices or nearly so, and on each of these an ectodistal lobe projecting ventrocephalad, these distal lobes wholly free from each other. Tentacles appearing nearly smooth; tapered; the median exceeding the lateral in length. Eyes large; in type orange colored; the two on each side contiguous or nearly so; posterior ones nearer together, each beneath edge of the quadrate peristomial flap, while the anterior ones are in line with base of median tentacle. Tentacular cirri of same form as tentacles but longer. Neurocirri thick, short, distally rounded. Natocirri long, filiform, tapering distad, weakly ringed; showing a tendency to alternate in height on the sides of the body, the first being notably farther distad than the second, the third than the second and fourth, etc. Setae numerous; the appendage short, falcate, with tip simple, but a slender tooth near middle of curved edge. Segments short, crowded, near one hundred in number. Length of type, 21 mm.; greatest width, 2.2 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 149. Taken in August, 1914. _Hesperalia nans_ sp. nov. The type of this species is in the epitkous phase. The middle region of the body bears notopodeal fasciæ of long, fine, simple, natatory setae in addition to the compound neuropodials. The appendage of the compound setae differs from that of _californiensis_ in having the accessory tooth farther distad, well beyond the middle of the concave edge, whereas in the other species it is normally rather proximad of the middle. In the present species the prostomium is proportionately larger, less covered by the peristomial flap which does not extend over the base of the median tentacle. The palpi are not fused so far distad, being united only at base; they present below on each a large distal lobe similar to that in the other species. Eyes with prominent lenses; large; those on each side sub-contiguous. Median tentacle in line with the centers of the anterior eyes; short and pointed, shorter than the width of the prostomium. Paired tentacles a little shorter than the median; each attached in front of the median at a point midway between the latter and the anterior eye. Tentacular cirri much longer than the tentacles, attenuated distad, pointed. The notocirri are all similarly attenuated and run out to a rather fine point. Neurocirri very thick, conical, each with a black dot near middle. Contrasting with the preceding species in color in having the dorsum in general light, fulvous, in part slightly dusky, with a series of dark, blackish, transverse lines across dorsum, there being four somites between each two dark lines. The body is narrowed toward both ends; venter flat and dorsum strongly arched; hesioniform. Because of the broken condition of the type the number of segments is uncertain, but is near seventy-five. Greatest width, exclusive of parapodia, 1.5 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 150. Dredged August 27, 1917. _Campesyllis_ gen. nov. Like _Streptosyllis_ in having the pharynx strongly sinuous and unarmed and in lacking nuchal flaps such as characterize _Amblyosyllis_. It differs from the former genus in having only composite setae and in having these of the ordinary structure, the appendage of a simple, fringed form not covered by a membrane. Eyes two pairs instead of three. Tentacular cirri two pairs. These, as also the tentacles and notocirri, short, articulated. Neurocirri attached proximally. _Genotype._--_C. minor_ sp. nov. _Campesyllis minor_ sp. nov. The type of this small form is only 2.5 mm. long. The pharynx is strongly sinuous. The palpi are contiguous throughout and are fused for most of length though a median furrow or sulcus above and one below run to base; projecting forward; together they narrow distad, with outline triangular; shorter than prostomium. Eyes two pairs, well separated, subequal, forming a nearly straight transverse row a little in front of the peristomium. Median tentacle attached far back between posterior eyes; short, a little exceeding prostomium and palpi together. Lateral tentacles also short, each attached at cephaloectal corner with the prostomium bulging forward between them. Tentacular cirri and notocirri also short, the latter in anterior region about equalling half the width of the body proper and not extending much beyond the tips of the setae; joints short, near fifteen or less in number. Neurocirri subcylindric, slender, reaching ends of parapodia. Setae transparent; end of shaft but little enlarged, its articular edge very oblique; appendage long and slender, the tip curved, the edge strongly fringed. Body ventrally flat, convex dorsally, strongly narrowed caudad. Taken in a sabellid colony. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 151. NEREIDÆ _Nereis latescens_ sp. nov. Allied to _N. vexillosa_ (Grube) but a much smaller species readily distinguishable superficially through the presence of purplish markings on the prostomium and anterior segments, by the form of the appendages, and particularly by the presence on region V of the proboscis of a single large conical tooth such as is present in various epitokes. The prostomium is marked above by a large purplish area germinate by a narrow median longitudinal yellow line. Eyes black. On the anterior segments, above on each side a transverse purplish stripe along anterior and one along posterior border and across the dorsal region, a shorter but broader stripe a little in front of the middle of segment. The body otherwise yellowish. Eyes exceptionally large, and those of each side very close together. Tentacles close together, slenderly cylindrical, moderately narrowing distad, shorter than prostomium and not extending beyond end of proximal joint of palpi. Paragnatha in general as in _vexillosa_; area I with but a single tooth; II, III and IV with numerous teeth in a patch on each; V with a single exceptionally large tooth; VI with four teeth in a quadrangle; VII and VIII with teeth in a band across ventral and lateral surface in which the proximal ventral teeth are smaller than the distal as in _vexillosa_. Peristomium shorter than prostomium and than the next two somites combined; divided by a transverse furrow. Tentacular cirri short; the ventral ones subequal, less than half the length of the dorsals, which are also nearly equal to each other; more or less flattened; cirrophores short. A typical parapodium presents three stout conical lobes additional to the setigerous ones; of these the dorsal one in the anterior region is stoutest, but becomes more slender in the posterior region. Both notocirri and neurocirri proportionately very slender. Anal cirri about as long as the dorsal tentacular cirri, flattened. Number of segments, sixty-two. Length of types, 20 to 23 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 152. Taken among hydroids. _Nereis mediator_ sp. nov. This species also resembles _N. vexillosa_, though apparently a normally much smaller form. It is, so far as evidence at present accessible to me indicates, distinguishable from that species in having a narrow band across the anterior border of the dental band of VII composed of much finer denticles instead of having the anterior teeth large and the posterior ones reduced. The paragnatha are fewer than in _vexillosa_, those of II, e. g., being in fewer (usually three), less oblique and more separated series and those of VI in all the typical specimens being three in a triangle or four instead of from six to nine or more in a crowded patch. No colored markings. The tentacles proportionately thicker and obviously closer together. Tentacular cirri shorter. Notocirral laminae of the middle and posterior regions much less elongate and flattened with their ventral conical lobe much more pronounced throughout, more as in the smaller specimens of _vexillosa_. Anal cirri short. Number of segments up to seventy. Length, to 60 mm. Type--M. C. T. 2, 153. This is doubtless the same form as recorded by Dr. Moore from San Diego as _N. vexillosa_ in Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil., 1909, p. 244. It is undoubtedly close to that species; but as all the specimens which I have seen, and apparently also those studied by Moore, differ constantly in the features above mentioned from specimens of _vexillosa_ from more northern localities on the Pacific coast, etc., the form is maintained as distinct. A single heteronereis female is among the specimens from Laguna Beach. LEODICIDÆ _Leodice monilifer_ sp. nov. Yellow in color. Body strongly narrowed caudad. Prostomium short and broad. The palpal lobes large and rounded, bulging conspicuously forward and ventrad; separated by a deep furrow. Tentacles in a slightly curved transverse line, the outer paired tentacle on each side lying a little farther forward than the inner. Ceratophores very short and not broader than bases of styles, exceeded by the first segment of style which about equals the next two in length. The styles in general strongly moniliform, the articles short and well rounded. The styles in types short but not in any case certainly complete; the number of articles present from nine to twelve. The peristomium much longer than the prostomium than which it is also clearly wider and higher; entire second somite very short, not more than one-fourth as long as I. Nuchal cirri short and conical, much shorter than the peristomium, transversely wrinkled or sometimes distinctly annulated. Notocirri slenderly conical, becoming more slender in posterior region as usual; with some weak encircling wrinkles but not distinctly divided into articles. Branchiæ begin as single filaments on IX or sometimes on VIII. Branchiæ of X each consisting of two filaments. The number in several of the succeeding branchiæ increases to three, then again falling to two, and, finally, the last eight pairs or so are again simple filaments. The last branchiæ in the type occur on XXXII. Anal cirri short, slenderly conical. Maxillae strongly chitinized; brown, with edges in part black. In maxillae II the right plate has six large teeth, the outer left plate four and the odd or inner left plate seven or eight. III with nine teeth or crenulatious. Number of segments in type one hundred and nine. Length, 43 mm.; greatest width, exclusive of parapodia, 2.6 mm. An incomplete larger specimen has a width of 3.2 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 154. Taken among holdfasts of kelp. (C. F. Baker, June 30, 1911.) _Arabella lagunae_ sp. nov. As compared with _A. attenuata_ Treadwell, this is a smaller species differing in appearance in being brown of a decided greenish tinge, excepting on the prostomium and at the caudal end. The prostomium is less narrowed cephalad, being more broadly rounded across anterior end. Median eyes not exceeding the lateral in size. Maxillae V represented by simple small hooks. IV with five teeth of which the most ectal (upper) is long and slender, the two next much shorter and finer and the two innermost closer together. III with fine teeth similarly arranged and formed. Maxillae II nearly symmetrical; the left one with seven teeth of which the most anterior one is much largest, the right with an additional small tooth in front of (ectad of) the large one; neither of the plates extending caudad of the anterior end of the dental series of I. I with seven or eight well developed teeth; the carriers very long and slender, black throughout. In the paraphodia the posterior lobe is well developed, stout and conical, distally somewhat blunt or rounded, extended ectad or caudoectad and is always shorter than the setae. Setae all simple, limbate, in a single series of mostly six in the middle region of the body. Setae with the usual double or sigmoidal curve over the limbate part, the first bend or geniculation unusually strong, angular; tip becoming fine and hair-like. Body tapering caudad, pointed at the posterior end, ending in two blunt lobes. Number of segments in the type one hundred and ninety-one. Length, 46 mm.; width, exclusive of parapodia, 2 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 155. Taken at the shore "under rocks." _Arabella mimetica_ sp. nov. Resembling the preceding species though smaller and more slender. Superficially differing obviously in the form of the prostomium which is much more narrowed distad and is neither depressed nor furrowed either dorsally or ventrally. Eyes smaller, obscure. Maxillae resembling those of the other species in general, but differing strongly in the second pair in which the right plate, instead of being symmetrical with the left one, is decidedly long and extends far proximad along the dental line of I and bears about fifteen teeth as against only six on the left one and eight on the corresponding plate in _lagunae_. Maxillae I on right side with nine teeth, on left apparently with seven. Maxillae III with teeth in arrangement as in _lagunae_ but only four in number and different in all being blunt and shorter. IV as in the other species but teeth four instead of five. The number of segments in the type is near one hundred and sixty-five. Length, 40 mm.; width, 1.1 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 156. Taken among holdfasts of kelp. (C. F. Baker, June 30, 1911.) Also a small specimen taken August 2, 1917, by Prof. Hilton. _Biborin_ gen. nov. Setae all simple, limbate, well developed. First two segments achaetous. Eyes none. Maxillae absent, but the mandibles normally developed, the wall of the alimentary canal opposite the latter simply thickened. Notocirri rudimentary. _Biborin ecbola_ sp. nov. The type as preserved is greyish brown of a dull bluish green cast. A note with the specimen also states that it is greenish in life. The body is strongly attenuated and pointed caudad, more moderately cephalad. The prostomium larger than wide and somewhat longer than the first two segments; subconically narrowed distad, apically rounded, flattened dorsoventrally. The two achaetous segments subequal in length or the second slightly longer, not produced forward below. Mandibles short and broad, not toothed, the edges meeting at an acute angle in front; the caudal stems shorter behind point of separation than the blades in front of this point, rather slender, blunt behind. Posterior lobes of parapodia subcylindrical, a little conically narrowed distad but with apex well rounded, extending ectad or caudoectad; in middle region of body reaching to or a little beyond middle of longer setae, the setae relatively shorter in anterior region. Setae all simple and limbate with the usual double curve, the first curve or angulation obviously less marked than in _A. lagunae_, which form this species superficially resembles. Number of segments in type, two hundred and seventy-seven. Length, 92 mm.; width without parapodia, 2.2 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 157. Taken among Phyllospadix, September 17, 1917. GLYCERIDÆ _Glycera exigua_ sp. nov. A small species easily recognizable among the known forms of the California coast by the character of the parapodia. Each of these present three lips, two anterior and one posterior; all three lobes triangular, pointed distad, with the posterior one fully equalling the other two in length. The neurocirrus is also triangular in outline. The natocirrus is reduced to a small rounded or nodular form slightly above base of parapodium. Branchiæ simple cylindrical filaments, each attached toward distal end of parapodium above as in _G. alba_ and _G. longipinnis_; the first occurring on or near somite XXX, short, in actual length not greater than parapodium exclusive of terminal lips and falling much short of reaching ends of setae; absent from last twelve segments or so and those just in front of this caudal region much reduced. Prostomium of usual general form; consisting of fourteen or fifteen rings. Proboscis long; weakly longitudinally ridged and densely finely papillose. Body strongly narrowed from the anterior region caudad, the caudal end slenderly pointed. Segments biannulate. Number of segments in the type near one hundred and thirty. Length, 26 mm.; width, 1.5 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 158. Balboa, December 26, 1917. _Glycera basibranchia_ sp. nov. Resembles _exigua_ in having the branchiæ in the form of a series of single, simple filaments but readily distinguished in having each branchia attached at base of parapodium on the dorsocaudal surface just ectad of the notocirrus instead of at the distal end above. The branchiæ begin on the twenty-ninth setigerous somite and continue to about the one hundred and twenty-ninth, decreasing in size at the two ends of the series. In the middle region they are cylindrical, distally rounded, and transparent, and at most do not surpass the distal end of the parapodium, most of these being obviously shorter than this in the preserved specimen. Also decidedly different from _exigua_ in having four lobes at the distal end of each parapodium, two postsetal and two presetal. These are narrowly triangular, distally pointed, with the presetal lobes thicker and more conical and decidedly longer than the postsetal. The short, distally rounded notocirri are attached at the base of the parapodia above in the angle between the latter and the body wall. Neurocirri distally subcylindric, resembling the distal parapodial lobes. The prostomium distinctly ringed to near middle, the basal half showing five rings while the distal half in the type is only vaguely annulate, though with indications of apparently seven nearly fused rings, making the total number twelve. Proboscis long, densely papillose. Type incomplete caudally; one hundred and forty-five segments retained. Length (not quite complete), 36 mm.; greatest width, 1.3 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 159. A note gives the color in life as light, the red blood showing through as usual in the family. _Glycera verdescens_ sp. nov. A very small form differing from the two preceding in wholly lacking branchiæ. The parapodia are strikingly different in that the postsetal lobe is either wholly absent, as in anterior region, or is represented by a single, small, pointed process, while there are two presetal lobes which are long and subcylindrical or finger-like and of which the ventral one is ordinarily the larger. The notocirrus is small and occupies the usual place in the angle between the dorsal surface of the parapodium and the body-wall. Neurocirrus slenderly conical, darkened distad as are also the presetal lobes. The slenderly conical prostomium showing twelve annuli. Type at present showing a distinctly greenish tinge. Type incomplete caudally, sixty-nine segments retained, the length being 13 mm., width, 1.1 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 160. ARICIIDÆ _Nainereis hespera_ sp. nov. This is apparently a smaller species than _longa_ or _robusta_ and is composed of fewer segments. It differs from those species in having the anterior division of the body composed of only nineteen segments and in having the first branchiæ appear on the thirteenth or fourteenth segment. The prostomium is broadly subtrapeziform, narrowing forward and with the anterior margin varying from slightly convex to mesally indented as is the case in the type; dorsal surface nearly flat, simply marked with two furrows, or sometimes with the median caudal region between furrows elevated. Peristomium with anterior margin above more or less concave, its median length about equal to that of the second segment, which is also ordinarily bowed caudad. In the neuropodia of the anterior region the postsetal processes are broad, distally rounded, thick lips which are prominent; in the posterior region these become narrowly conical, elongate, distally pointed processes. The postsetal processes of the notopodia in the anterior region are thick, short cones which increase in length in going caudad, in the posterior region being very elongate. The branchiæ begin on the thirteenth or fourteenth segment as short processes but become abruptly longer, basally thick and distally pointed processes much thicker than the postsetal processes of the notopodia and exceeding these in length; they are widely separated and, while curving in somewhat mesad, do not come in contact, leaving much of the middorsal region naked. They continue to the end of the body. The neuropodial setæ of the anterior region are arranged in three subvertical series and form a patch twice as high (dorsoventrally) as long (cephalocaudally). The stout setæ of the posterior row are mostly four in number, less commonly three or five. These coarse setæ are not at all clavate as in elongata and are not roughened or cross-ridged above the curve as in robusta; the terminal region above the curve longer than in the later species. The setæ of the other series are more curved than in robusta and are abruptly contracted farther from the body, the contraction stronger but the one edge similarly roughened or denticlated with cross lines. At the ventral end of the series a small patch of ordinary, camerated, capillary setæ resembling the notopodials. The body is broad anteriotly and narrows to the posterior end. Dorsal surface flat and the ventral convex as usual. Number of segments in the type one hundred and thirty-six. Color in general pale brown; at black spot at base of each branchia at least those of posterior region, in front and behind and the proximal part of branchia often darkened. Length, 27 mm.; greatest width, 2.4 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 161. _Scoloplos acmeceps_ sp. nov. Resembling _S. armiger_ (O. F. Müller) in general structure. A less deeply pigmented species easily distinguished from this northern form in wholly lacking the ventral papillæ (neurocirri) present in the latter below the parapodia of about the eighteenth to thirtieth segments. The prostomium is similarly elongate and pointed but is more slender; it is borne at the end of the peristomium which has the form of a truncate cone. The branchiæ begin anteriorly in the same way as very slight elevations and increase quickly to long ligulate forms; but the first one appears on the sixteenth or seventeenth setigerous segment instead of on the twelfth or thirteenth as usual in armiger. The fully developed branchiæ are obviously narrower than typical for the latter species. The lobes of the parapodia are in general similar though they do not become obvious so far forward. In the second division of the body the ventral lobe is similarly elongate and bifid at the tip with the inner or more dorsal lobe the longer; but the lobes are characteristically more divergent, thinner and more slender. The first bifid neuropodial lobes appear on the twenty-first setigerous segment. The dorsal lobe similar in form to that in armiger. Caudal end of all the types missing. Greatest width, 2 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 162. Balboa (Sept. 10, 1917). FLABELLIGERIDÆ _Flabelligera haerens_ sp. nov. This species resembles _F. commensalis_ Moore in the approximation of the neuropodia though these are apparently not so close as in that species and are at no place actually contiguous though nearly so in the extreme caudal region. In front of this they remain a uniform distance apart, which is less than the length of a somite, forward to about the tenth somite from where the rows diverge gradually forward. The notopodia more widely separated, the rows diverging cephalad from near the tenth somite, always much closer to each other than to the neuropodia. Ventral surface flattened or weakly concave, the dorsal surface also flattened but slightly convex, while the sides are convex; the body in part is slightly compressed from side to side, in cross-section subquadrate to subcircular; widest in middle region and narrowing both ways, more strongly so caudad, subfusiform. Collar lobe deeply and widely incised dorsally and ventrally; the lobe on each side bearing a series of numerous long cross-striated setæ which are reddish brown in color and are stouter than the ordinary notopodials. The notopodials are simple, finely tapered, colorless setae. There is a single seta in each neuropodium, this being in the form of a very stout hook; the color is dark throughout; the transverse terminal portion of the hook is longer and more slender and acute than in commensalis and the pseudo-joint is farther proximad of the curved region; the shaft is bent caudad at the level of the joint, the hook proper curving mesad. The entire surface is densely papillose. The setæ of the collar are cloaked by a dense growth of long filiform papillæ; with large clavate tips, these papillæ approximating the setæ in length. The papillæ also cluster densely about the notopodia, these papillæ having similar clavate tips. The papillæ of the general surface of dorsum, venter and sides are much shorter. Color nearly uniform greyish brown. Number of segments in type, forty-nine. Length, 13 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 163. Taken in holdfasts of kelp, August 12, 1917. CAPITELLIDÆ _Natomastus angulatus_ sp. nov. In comparison with <i>N. tenuis</i> Moore, known from San Diego, this species differs in the form of the thorax, which is strongly angulate instead of terete the sides and venter being flat and the dorsum usually but little convex, so that the cross-section is nearly quadrate; also in having the segments and their subdivisions sharply separated with the posterior subsegment in each case much shorter than the anterior instead of equal to it. In the type the posterior thoracic somites are twice or more as long as wide, but in some paratypes the relative length is much less. Thorax narrowed caudad. The abdomen in its anterior part obviously thicker than the thorax in its widest part. The prostomium characteristic, showing two distinct regions, a broad posterior one with convex, anteriorly converging sides and a narrower, subconical, palpoidal terminal part sharply set off from the basal. Segments of abdomen irregularly multiannulate, sulci deep and surface usually appearing strongly rugose and uneven. Length near 160 mm.; greatest width of abdomen, 1.4 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 164. Taken in sand and in growths of eel grass. The color is noted as reddish in life, as usual in the family. SPIONOIDEA _Morants_ gen. nov. Body with an anterior region of fifteen setigerous somites separated from a larger posterior region by a specialized somite, the sixteenth. Prostomium with a lateral process or horn on each side in front, notched in front at middle. Eyes none in genotype. Dorsal cirri present in addition to branchiæ on the first four setigerous somites. Notopodia with simple capillary setæ throughout. Anterior neuropodia with capillary setæ, but others also with crochets. Anal. cirri two. _Genotype_--_M. duplex_ sp. nov. _Morants duplex_ sp. nov. Palpal processes lost from type. Proboscis as protruded short, distally expanded over proximal region. Parapodia dorsolateral in position, the anterior ones very thick. Principal postsetal lobe rising above into a branchial process which is short anteriorly but in posterior region is much longer, slender and subulate. Mesad of the branchial process of each parapodium of the first four pairs is a cirrus or cirriform process. The inferior setæ of the most anterior parapodia' much shorter than the dorsals, strongly curved. In the first notopodial fascia a much stouter, aciculiform, setæ which is uncate. Crochets with strongly narrowed neck; with two curved teeth at distal end above the beak which is decurved; in posterior region few in number, commonly four in a series. Anal cirri slender, filiform, much longer than the preceding branchiæ; one in the type has a short spur near its base. Total number of segments about one hundred and sixteen. Length, 21.5 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 165. Balboa. The tubes adhere closely to the body. Their walls of fine sand. AMPHARETIDÆ _Schistocomus_ gen. nov. Like Phyllocomus in lacking tentacles and postbranchial spines, in bearing fifteen pairs of fasciæ of capillary setæ and four pairs of branchiæ. It differs from that genus in having the branchiæ of two types, one pair being of the ordinary, smooth, simple, subulate form and the other three with the edges divided, two pinnately, bearing two close series of lamellar branches, and one with an essentially single series of branches in the genotype. _Genotype_--_S. hiltoni_ sp. nov. _Schistocomus hiltoni_ sp. nov. The body has the ordinary general form, being widest near the fifth setigerous segment from where it narrows continuously to the slender, pointed cauda. Dorsum convex, venter less so, the latter with a double median longitudinal furrow in the posterior region. Prostomium projecting forward as a simple hood with rounded anterior corners and the median region of anterior edge nearly straight; dorsal surface in type longitudinally wrinkled. Ventrally the peristomium projects forward between the sides of the prostomium in a conspicuous lobe or lower lip which narrows somewhat distad and has the distal margin convex; surface longitudinally wrinkled. Second somite achaetous. The third bearing the first fasciæ of simple setæ, the sixth the first uncini. Of the pinnate branchia one pair occur on the third setigerous somite and one on the second while the branchiæ with single series of branches in which the branches are less lamellate, are on the second (first presetal) somite, the simple branchiæ arising on the first setigerous somite. The first branchiæ are attached near the middle of the dorsum, the others laterad close above the parapodia. The first and especially the second or simple branchiæ extending forward beyond the anterior edge of the prostomium. Color light fulvous or in part greyish. Number of segments near fifty-five. Length, 22 mm.; greatest width, 3 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 166. Taken at Laguna Beach, Sept. 15, 1917. The tube in which the type was found is 35 mm. long. The wall is thickened by the adhesion of fine particles of sand, fragments of shell, etc. TEREBELLIDÆ _Leaena videns_ sp. nov. The prostomium extends as a convex hood or inverted scoop above the mouth; along its posterior border is a series of long, crowded, tentacles. The prostomial fold behind the tentacles is crossed by a transverse band of distinct eyes, the band narrow above and widening on each side. Mouth a crescentic slit with corners curved caudad; bordered behind by a thick lip the anterior median edge of which is truncate. No dorsal cirriform process on III or any other segment, all being wholly smooth. A characteristic of the species is the large number of setigerous segments, at least thirty-one being present (IV-XXXIII) in the type, and possibly more. The setæ differs from those of _nuda_ in their longer fine tips and more geniculate appearance at base of this region. The uncini are characterized by an exceptionally long beak which, beyond its strongly curved base is straight; the sinus narrow, the process arising near its middle, low obtuse; vertex not comparatively high, crossed by mostly four series of denticles; body of uncinus rather narrow, the shoulder on convex side much farther toward the end than, e.g., in _nuda_ and well below level of bottom of sinus. The type is incomplete, only near thirty-eight segments being present. The color is noted as pinkish in life. At present it is fulvous in the type. Length of incomplete specimen not in excess of 12 mm.; greatest width, .8 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 167. _Pista fratrella_ sp. nov. This form seems to be close to _P. alata_ Moore. The type, which is much smaller than that of _alata_, differs in various details from the description of the latter. The principal lateral wings are confined to the third segment and are united across the dorsum of third somite instead of involving the anterior border of IV and crossing the latter above; connecting dorsal fold low and lacking any forwardly directed process; the wing rises as a high, rounded lobe on each side just below level of setigerous tubercles, rising high above the middorsal surface. In addition to the prominent wings on III there is on IV on each side a much lower ridge or wing paralleling that on III, this not more prominent above. Unlike those of _alata_, somites II and III are not confounded laterally but are distinct throughout. Prostomium short. Tentacles mostly lost in type; rather slender, not long, apparently in but a single transverse series. Peristomium deeply excavated at middle below, the bottom of the excavation rounded and the peristomium produced on each side of this into the usual large lobes. The branchiæ, as in the genotype and other species, strongly asymmetrically developed. The right anterior branchia is much the largest, the trunk very long, with the left anterior much smaller. Of the posterior pair, the right, unlike that of _alata_, is also much larger than the left one. In the type the sternal plates are not sharply differentiated. The manubriate uncini of V have the general form of those in _alata_, but the bulge below the beak is much larger and more rounded with the subrostral tooth more obtuse and nearer the middle of the oblique edge; beak less divergent from manubrium; vertex with three transverse series of denticles. The color in the abdominal region light fulvous, in the thoracic darker with a narrow brownish stripe along caudal border of each segment laterally and ventrally. Type not quite complete caudally, retaining eighty somites. Length, 36 mm.; greatest width, 2.8 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 168. The wall of the tube is composed of sand and shell fragments. _Naneva_ gen. nov. Prostomium short; with numerous tentacular filaments. Uncini avicular and of same form throughout. Setæ beginning on third somite; tips simple. Uncini beginning on the fourth somite. No lateral foliaceous lobes on the anterior segments. Branchiæ two pairs; branched; attached on somites II and III. _Genotype_--_N. hespera_ sp. nov. Differs from Thelepus and Athelepus in having the branchiæ branched instead of simple and in having the uncini begin on IV. _Naneva hespera_ sp. nov. The prostomium forms a prominent upper lip of which the anterior border is turned upward all along, leaving a deep concavity between it and the upcurving posterior fold along which the tentacles are attached. Because of their curled and tangled condition the precise number of tentacles was not ascertained, but is about twelve on each side; they are long, some when fully extended being 15 mm. in length. No eyes were detected in the type. Peristomium forming a lower lip of but moderate length with straight anterior edge; scarcely twice as long as the second somite below. First branchia on each side attached to second somite just in front and mesad of the first setigerous tubercle. The second branchia attached just caudad of the first on the caudal region of somite III. Both branchiæ very similar, each presenting three principal branches of which the most mesal is largest; ultimate branches numerous, rather short. Capillary setæ beginning on III and continuing to XXVII. The anterior setigerous processes are in the form of vertical plates with straight truncate, distal edge; but in going caudad these become reduced finally to slight tubercles, with the first about equal to half the intervening space and by the seventh equal to this space, while in the abdominal region the opposite series are separated merely by the median furrow. Anterior ventral plates strongly longitudinally furrowed. Capillary setæ narrowly bilimbate, drawn out into a very fine simple tip. Uncini, at least for the most part, in two series both in thoracic and in abdominal region; apparently with mostly three transverse rows of denticles at vertex; beak long, the sinus with parallel sides, opposite side of body evenly curved, not distinctly shouldered. Total number of segments in the type, which is complete, about one hundred and thirty, of which II to XXVII are setigerous. Body rapidly narrowed to the eighteenth segment, but only very gradually thereafter. Length, near 45 mm.; greatest width, 1.8 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 169. Balboa. SABELLIDÆ _Myxicola monacis_ sp. nov. In size and general appearance resembling _M. pacifica_ Johnson, with the type of which it has been compared. From that form the present one may readily be distinguished in having the ventral median process from the first segment drawn out into a slender entire tip instead of being broad and presenting distally two angles or lobes; the process is furrowed longitudinally and the edges are somewhat turned down. Branchiæ twenty-two pairs. Readily distinguished by the form of the abdominal uncini. These have the general form of those of _pacifica_ but as a whole are longer with the body proportionately more slender and its abvertigial end more rounded; the beak is longer and less divergent, distally curving a little back toward the body; the sides of the sinus parallel. The body in the type is somewhat fusiform, being narrowed both ways from the middle but more strongly so caudad. In a paratype the body is scarcely narrowed cephalad. Body somewhat depressed dorsoventrally, less terete than in pacifica. Total number of segments near seventy. Length of type, exclusive of branchiæ, 40 mm.; greatest width, 6.2 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 170. Taken from holdfasts of seaweeds. _Potamilla clara_ sp. nov. The body in general light brown; but ventrally there is a median longitudinal fulvous stripe over the ventral plates. The branchiæ are crossed by a series of dark bands or annuli which fade out proximally, about three distad of the middle of length being deep and distinct. There are nineteen pairs of branchial radioles; barbs numerous, densely arranged to near tip, the naked distal region of axis very short, pale excepting where partially or completely involved by the transverse dark bands. Ventral lobes of collar moderate, rounded, edges a little rolled down; dorsal ends separated; no lateral incisions, being but two-lobed; not produced forward below, lobes rounded and separated. Thoracic segments eight. Ventral plates all rectangular, those of the abdomen divided by the midventral sulcus. Total number of segments, sixty. Length without branchiæ, 21 mm.; length with branchiæ, 28 mm.; greatest width, 3 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 171. Taken on beach at low tide. _Potamilla omissa_ sp. nov. The general color is dusky or pale brownish with the anterior ventral plates lighter and the branchiæ rather weakly transversely banded with dark. Radioles of branchiæ in a simple series; seventeen pairs. Collar well developed, produced forward below in two pointed lobes overlapping at the middle. Eight setigerous thoracic somites. Most dorsal thoracic setæ in each fascicle long and finely pointed with wings narrow; the ventral setæ much more numerous, shorter, spatulate, with fine tip. The uncini have the posterior process very short, rounded at the end, much shorter and more slender than the neck, which is rather strongly curved; vertex high and narrowly rounded; beak not strongly depressed. Type incomplete, only seven of the abdominal segments being present. Length of first sixteen segments, 15 mm.; including branchiæ, 21 mm.; width, 2.5 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 172. _Potamilla colorata_ sp. nov. The type is notably marked with black pigment; the collar membrane crossed with a close series of longitudinal dark stripes, one in line with each radiole and narrowing caudad; the branchiæ crossed transversely with dark bands. Thoracic somites, more notably the anterior ones, with a dusky to black band in front of each uncinigerous torus and a dark spot on the dorsum mesad of the setigerous papilla. The collar with a dark area ventrad and also dorsad of the fascicle. Ground color greyish of light brown cast, lacking the yellow dominating in omissa. Sixteen (or seventeen) pairs of radioles in the branchiæ. Ventral lobes of collar pointed, widely overlapping in the median line, dorsal ends free, projecting toward each other in dorsal groove. Setigerous thoracic somites eight in number. Inferior setæ numerous, spatulate, usually in two series. Total number of segments present about fifty-one, a few of the most caudal being lost. Length, 25 mm.; with branchiæ, 30 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 173. _Pseudopotamilla paurops_ sp. nov. A rather slender species with branchiæ of moderate length. Excepting the eyes with no pigmented markings. Radioles fifteen pairs. Eyes few, not present on all radioles; where present usually but a single one on each radiole, in one case two; the eyes deep purple, variable in side from moderate to small; situated at varying distance between base and middle of length of radioles. Free dorsal edge of branchial membrane with two short obtuse lobes overlapping in the middle line. The dorsal notch in the collar lobe on each side is mesad of the line of setigerous tubercles, wide open, rectangular or slightly obtuse; lobe mesad of notch small, anteriorly rounded, the mesal edge extending into the dorsal furrow; median ventral lobes separated by a narrow incision, short, the ectal edge passing out in an even concave curve to the anterior lateral margin. A characteristic feature of the species is the presence of ten setigerous thoracic somites. Dorsal setæ of the usual two types of which the upper are much fewer spatulate setæ in two series with distal expansion broad and wings asymmetrical, tip short. Total number of segments, seventy-eight. Length without branchiæ, 31 mm.; with branchiæ, 36 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 174. Tube tough, corneus. _Pseudopotamilla parva_ sp. nov. The type of this species is a small individual which, as preserved, appears of a uniform dusky color throughout. Branchial radioles fourteen or fifteen pairs; in a single series, the membrane not being coiled. No eye spots. Collar with ventral lobes proportionately long and acute, the dorsal lobes small and approximate. Notopodial setæ of usual two types; few. Uncini with beak divergent, nearly horizontal, the "neck" short and the edge of body below bulging much as in _Paralaonome japonica_. Body furrowed along each side just above notopodia excepting anteriorly. Ventral plates sharply limited, elevated; all of abdominal plates bisected by the median longitudinal sulcus excepting the first one, which is entire. Total number of somites, fifty-six, of which eight are thoracic. Length without branchiæ, 12 mm.; with branchiæ, near 15 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 175. Taken among tufted algæ, June 25, 1911 (C. F. Baker). _Pseudopotamilla lampra_ sp. nov. In this form the collar membrane is crossed by a series of longitudinal dark stripes, one in line with each radiole, as in _Potamilla colorata_, these narrowing caudad. Branchiæ sometimes mostly dark with light transverse bands. Anterior thoracic segments darkly pigmented both above and below, and also along both sides of tori, and most setigerous papillæ and tori of succeeding regions of body also surrounded in some degree with a pigmented area. Branchial membrane with free dorsal edges produced into two lobes on each side, the two of each pair overlapping, the posterior lobe rounded, the anterior angular with its caudal margin transverse and the other long and oblique. Radioles nineteen pairs, several of these at dorsomesal end of series much reduced. Eyes conspicuous but few, only one, or occasionally two, on a radiole and some radioles wholly lacking them. This species has only seven setigerous thoracic somites. Total number of segments, near ninety-four. Length, about 28 mm.; with branchiæ, 33 mm. A note states that this form is pinkish in life. A paratype was taken "in a large white sponge." Type--M. C. Z. 2, 176. _Pseudopotamilla macrops_ sp. nov. While the type of this species includes only the anterior end of the body, its characters seem sufficiently marked for subsequent identification. As in _lampra_, the anterior segments are darkened with purplish brown pigment, especially adjacent to the setigerous papillæ and about the tori, the ventral plates, however, remaining pale. Branchial membrane also pigmented caudally, and the branchiæ transversely banded. Only two eyes on each side are present in the type, a single one each on the second and third radiole from the dorsal end of the series. These eyes are exceptionally large and prominent, much larger than in any of the other species here recorded, embracing practically the entire width of the stalk. The free dorsal edges of the branchial membrane nearly straight, each with only a very slight angulation near its anterior end, not being truly lobate. Nine pairs of radioles. Minor dorsal lobes of collar prominent, produced well forward, curving a little mesad distally, the mesal edge reflected down the dorsal groove as usual. Width, .75 mm. Length of branchiæ, 2.5 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 177. _Pseudopotamilla scotia_ sp. nov. Differing from the other species here described in having nine setigerous thoracic somites. Anterior somites of thorax darkened above, down the sides on both sides of the tori and also more or less ventrally with purplish brown pigment. Processes or lobes on free edge of branchial membrane above almost of same form as in _P. lampra_ and similarly overlapping. Nineteen pairs of branchial radioles. No eyes. Ventral lobes of collar prolonged, subacute, not overlapping. In the dorsal fasciæ of the ordinary thoracic somites the dorsal setæ are arranged mostly in more or less single, curved, longitudinal series, the clavate ventrals being arranged in two vertical series at right angles to the line of the dorsals. Pennoned setæ of the uncinigerous tori very prominent. Only a few of the most anterior abdominal segments present in type. Greatest width, 2 mm. Length of branchiæ, 4 mm. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 178. Taken in a large white sponge. SERPULIDÆ _Eupomatus intereans_ sp. nov. This species is separated from _E. uncinatus_ (Philippi) with some hesitation since specimens of the latter are not at hand for direct comparison. It would seem, however, to be clearly different, to judge from Ehler's figure, in the form of the uncini. These are much broader (i.e., at right angles to the dental line), the base projecting conspicuously but not forming an angulate shoulder as in _E. gracilis_, being nearly evenly and rather broadly rounded. The teeth are mostly seven in number, the end below the last of these set off as usual, rounded. The upper collar setæ coarse, with two teeth or spurs at base of the slender tip, these commonly more or less unequal in size. Branchiæ thirteen pairs. Operculum in general as in _uncinatus_; width of principal expansion 1.25 mm.; the latter even, by narrowing into the stalk, the rim with thirty-eight projecting acute teeth or serrations which are straight or very nearly so, not at all uncate as in uncinatus in which they are also fewer (thirty). Inner crown of eleven spines each tapered evenly to an acute tip and bent in abruptly toward the center above, the proximal portion being erect and ordinarily parallel with the others. No process or series of processes detected within this crown, the base from which these arise being evenly concave on its distal surface and convex on the proximal. Spines of the inner crown dark brown proximally as is the entire basal plate from which they arise, the remaining part of spines light brown. Operculum proper nearly black below teeth on proximal surface of the expansion and on adjacent part of stalk the remaining part of which is white; distal surface of funnel pale. Branchiæ and body in general pale, unmarked or some of the branchiæ with a blackish mark on stalk toward distal end. Thoracic setigerous somites seven. Abdominal segments, ninety. Type--M. C. Z. 2, 178. Length exclusive of branchiæ, 20 mm.; to end of operculum, about 24 mm. Width, 1.5 mm. The Nervous System of Cæcum Californicum WILLIAM A. HILTON (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Specimens of this little gastropod mollusc from 2 to 3 mm. in length were the material for the study. Specimens were fixed and sectioned whole and a few good series were obtained. It seems rather remarkable that so small a species should have such a high organization of the nervous system. The ganglia are large in proportion to the size of the animal and well developed. In all cases the exact limits of the nerves and connectives were not determined, but the chief ganglia were easily found. Quite well towards the head end a pair of buccal ganglia were found, these were small, widely separated and possessed only a few nerve cells. At about this level in cross sections the eyes make their appearance, one on each side. They are simple, quite large and well provided with pigment. Below the level of the eyes and the buccal ganglia, on the dorsal side of the esophagus, the much larger cerebral ganglia make their appearance. These probably are connected with the eyes but the connections were not clearly seen in the sections. The cerebral ganglia are closely united along the middle line. They occupy more than one half the diameter of the entire animal. The more caudal ends of these ganglia separate and run down, a little lateral to the esophagus. Below the esophagus and a little below the chief level of the cerebral ganglia, a region of more ventral masses of nerve tissue is reached. There are two ganglia on each side, a lateral pair somewhat smaller than the more ventral. The lateral are the pleural and the ventral are the pedal ganglia. The pedal ganglia are closely pressed against each other in the middle line, but not fused, they are much larger than any of the other ganglionic pairs and of a more complicated cell and fibrous structure. Beyond the region of large ganglia and slightly farther towards the other end of the animal, on the right side, a small visceral ganglion makes its appearance. Farther down on the left side a much smaller group of cells seems to indicate another ganglion of the viscera. [Illustration: Explanation of Figures] Fig. 1 Camera lucida sketch of cerebral ganglia of Cæcum. The dorsal side is up. ×300 Fig. 2. Left pleural ganglion of Cæcum. ×300. Fig. 3. Left pedal ganglion of Cæcum. ×300. Fig. 4. Reconstruction from Cæcum, showing position of eyes and ganglia viewed from the ventral side. ×70. Amphipods from Laguna Beach The following list is from the collections of 1917, or that part of it sent to the U. S. Nat. museum for determination. _Aruga oculata_ Holmes. L. 6 mm., white with red on the head. From algæ. Another white specimen of 8 mm. Dredged at 10 f. _Paraphoxus_ sp. L. 9 mm. Light colored. _Ipiplateia_ sp. Red. L. 10 mm. _Lilljeborgia brevicornis_ Bruz. One specimen dredged Aug. 28. Head white upper half, lower half pink. Lower part of body pink, upper white. L. 6 mm. Another head end of body red, caudal end white. L. 4 mm. Dredged Aug. 11 and Sept. 17th. _Tiron_ sp. Light colored. L. 9 mm. _Elasmopus brasiliensis_ Dana? L. 6 mm., yellow, brown eyes. Line on back. _Melita quinquedentata_ Shoem. L. 6.5 mm. Tide pools Aug. 29. _Allorchestes_ sp. immature. One lot pale green, red antennæ, L. 3.5 mm. One red L. 10 mm. One from holdfasts brown and red. L. 6 mm. _Hyalella azteca_ Sauss. Brown green, 3.5 to 4 mm. _Hyale_ sp. One red, L. 4 mm. One dark L. 6.5 mm. One pink-brown from sulphur sponge. L. 7 mm. One rose on back, ringed with white. One yellow green back, L. 5.5 mm. One yellow, pink antennæ, holdfast L. 11 mm. One brown from algæ L. 5 mm. One rose brown. L. 6 mm. _Orchestoidea corniculata_ Stout. Green grey, bluish antennæ L. 14 mm. _Lembos_ sp. bands on body. L. 6 mm. From holdfasts. _Microprotopus_ sp. Bands on body. L. 6 mm. _Photis californica_ Stout. Bands on body. Holdfasts. _Neophotis inequalis_ Stout. Brown and red. L. 6 mm. Holdfast. _Amphithoe corallina_ Stout. Yellow, green antennæ. L. 8 mm. Another mottled white and black L. 10 mm. Another brown white legs two white spots on the sides. One with green eggs L. 9 mm. _A. vaillantii_ H. Lucas. Bright Red, L. 13 mm. Dredged 10 f. Aug. 17. _A. rubricata_ Montagu (?) Brownish green, yellow spots on sides. Aug. 12, 1915. _Amphithoe_ sp. Pink, red antennæ, L. 11 mm. _Amphithoe_ Yellow, pink antennæ. Holdfast. W. A. H. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Journal of Entomology and Zoology--_Advertising Section_ ====================================================================== _The_ Journal _of_ Zoological Research _Edited by WALTER E. COLLINGE, M. Sc., F. L. S., F. E. S. The Gatty Marine Laboratory The University, St. Andrews, Scotland_ The subject matter is strictly confined to original zoological research--systematic and anatomical. Fully illustrated by lithographic plates and text figures. Each volume will consist of 4 parts, price $5. _All subscriptions should be forwarded to_ Messrs. 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Special advantages are afforded by the fact that the college limits its attendance, the freshman class being restricted to two hundred applicants. The success of the college is particularly indicated by the large proportion of the graduates who proceed to advanced work in the large universities. In addition, well-manned departments of music and art afford exceptional advantages. For further information, address Secretary of Pomona College Claremont, California Transcriber's Note All obvious typographical errors were corrected. For the words where the "æ" ligature is present in greater quantity than those with just "ae", the "ae" was converted to the ligature. The other cases were left as in the original printed version. Below is a list of changes made in the text. Page Change ==== ====================== 13 _Biborin ecbola_ sp. nov. => repeated copy deleted. 13 The two [achaebous] => achaetous 18 Second somite [achaetons] => achaetous 
48031	----	Transcriber Note Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal signs=. VOLUME SIX NUMBER FOUR ====================================================================== JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY DECEMBER 1914 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT CALIFORNIA U. S. A. ====================================================================== CONTENTS Pseudoscorpions in the Claremont-Laguna Region--_Margaret M. Moles_ 187 Some Points in the Nervous System of a Large Deep Water Crab--_Wm. A. Hilton_ 198 A New Pseudoscorpion From California--_Nathan Banks_ 203 A Nebalia From Laguna Beach--_R. La Follette_ 204 Starfish of Laguna Beach 209 Barnacles of Laguna Beach 212 Notes on the Eggs of Some Laguna Beach Invertebrates--_P.A. Lichti_ 215 Preliminary Notes on Some Marine Worms Taken at Laguna Beach--_W. F. Hamilton_ 217 Studies in the Comparative Size of the Red Blood Corpuscles of Birds--_Chi Tsau Wang_ 221 Caprellidæ From Laguna Beach--_R. La Follette_ 222 Short Notes 233 Additional Notes on the Birds of Laguna Beach--_Leon L. Gardner_ 235 A New Dipterous Gall on Stanleya--_T. D. A. Cockerell_ 240 Hydroids of Laguna Beach--_Prof. A. M. Bean_ 242 Summer School at Laguna Beach 245 Entered at Claremont Cal. Post-Office Oct. 1 1910 as second-class matter under Act of Congress of March 3 1879 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY _Subscription_ $1.00 to domestic $1.25 to foreign countries. This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals proceedings transactions reports of societies museums laboratories and expeditions. The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists. Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired but short morphological systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication. Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about 8 by 11 inches. Foot notes tables explanations of figures etc. should be written on separate sheets. Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout. The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript. Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible. An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author. Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost. Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when reduced that is 5 by 7½ inches or less. The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings in most cases. Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive fifty reprints of their publications free of cost. If more than this are desired the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets. Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost. Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles. Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail. Address all communications to The Journal of Entomology and Zoology William A. Hilton Editor Claremont California U. S. A. JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY VOLUME VI 1914 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY OF POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT CALIFORNIA U. S. A. Contents of Volume VI Volume VI Number 1 =Kuwana S. I.= Coccidæ of Japan 1. =Alexander C. P. and Lloyd J. T.= The Biology of the North American Crane-Flies (Tipulidæ Diptera) 12. =Hilton William A.= The Central Ganglia of Xenylla 38. =Moles Margaret Lyons= A New Species of Pseudoscorpion from Laguna Beach Cal. 42. =Bacon Gertrude= Neanura Gigantea Tull in Southern California 45. Shorter articles 48. Wants and Exchanges 52. Volume VI Number 2 =Banks Nathan= New Acarina 55. =Funkhouser W. D.= Some Philippine Membracidæ 67. =Essig E. O.= The Second Protodiaspis 76. =Moles Margaret Lyons= A Pseudoscorpion from Poplar Trees 81. =Bacon Gertrude A.= A New Species of Tullbergia 84. =Gardner Ray Earl= Some Notes on the Distribution of Cinura in the Vicinity of Claremont with Description of a New Species 86. =Felt E. P.= Aplonyx Sarcobati N. Sp. 93. =Hilton William A.= The Nervous System of Neanura Gigantea Tull 95. Shorter Articles 98. Wants and Exchanges 102. Volume VI Number 3 =Alexander Charles Paul= Biology of the North American Crane-Flies (Tipulidæ Diptera) 105. =Ewing H. E.= The Geographical Distribution of Our Common Red Spider Tetranychus Telarius Linn. 121. =King Geo. B.= The Eleventh Kermes (Coccidæ) from California 133. =Hilton William A.= The Central Nervous System of the Pycnogonid Lecythorhynchus 134. =Bacon Gertrude Auld= The Distribution of Collembola in the Claremont-Laguna Region of California 137. Wants and Exchanges 185. Volume VI Number 4 =Moles Margaret M.= Pseudoscorpions in the Claremont-Laguna Region 187. =Hilton Wm. A.= Some Points in the Nervous System of a Large Deep Water Crab 198. =Banks Nathan= A New Pseudoscorpion from California 203. =La Follette R.= A Nebalia from Laguna Beach 204. Starfish of Laguna Beach 209. =Hughes Miss S. P.= Barnacles of Laguna Beach 212. =Lichti P. A.= Notes on the Eggs of Some Laguna Beach Invertebrates 215. =Hamilton W. F.= Preliminary Notes on Some Marine Worms Taken at Laguna Beach 217. =Wang Chi Tsau= Studies in the Comparative Size of the Red Blood Corpuscles of Birds 221. =La Follette R.= Caprellidæ from Laguna Beach 222. Short Notes 233. =Gardner Leon L.= Additional Notes on the Birds of Laguna Beach 235. =Cockerell T. D. A.= A New Dipterous Gall on Stanleya 240. =Bean Prof. A. M.= Hydroids of Laguna Beach 242. Summer School at Laguna Beach 245. Index to Volume VI Acarina 55. Achorutes 165. californica 165. citri 166. Actitis macularius 237. Ægialitis novisa 237. semipalmata 237. Aglaophenia inconspictus 243. Aglaophenia struthionides 243. Alexander C. P. 12 105. Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus 238. Anisomera longicornis 21. Antenella avalonia 243. Aplonyx sarcobati 93. Aphoruridæ 168. Aphorura 170. lutea 170. montis 171. Arrhenica spinosa 27. Asterina miniata 211. Astroglinus tristis salicamans 238. Asteropecten erinoceus 211. Atemnus hirsutus 203 195. Bacon G. A. 45 84 137. Balanus nubilus 213. tintinnabulum californicus 212. Banks Nathan 55. Barnacles 212. Bdellidæ 55. Bdella utilis 55. Bean A. M. 242. Birds Laguna Beach 235. Buteo borealis colurus 237. Caligonus terminalis 57. Canestrinidæ 61. Canestrinia blattophaga 61. Campanulariidæ 244. Campodea montis 86. kelloggi 91. folsomi 91. Caprellidæ 222. æquilibra 224. geometrica 222. septentrionalis 223. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus 237. Centrochares horrificus 69. Centrotoscelus 72. typus 73. Ceryle alcyon 238. Chelanops acuminatus 193. lagunæ 42 193. paludis 81 193. pallipes 193. serratus 193. Chelifer cancroides 187. fuscipes 188. scabrisulus 192. Cheyletidæ 56. Cheyletus cocciphilus 56. Chloræmidæ 219. Cinura 86. Cirratulidæ 219. Cirratulus robustus 219. spirobranchus 219. Clymenella rubrocincta 219. Coccidæ of Japan 1 48 133. Cockerell T. D. A. 240. Collembola 137. Corpuscles birds 221. Corvus corax sinuatus 238. Crane flies 12 105. Cryptaspidia pubera 69. tagalica 69. Cunaxa aramata 55. Cyphodeirus 162. albinus 162. Diptera 12 105. Disparipes apicola 61. Drepanura 154. californica 155. Eggs invertebrates 215. Entomobrya 155. binoculata 157. chitellaria 158. laguna 160. multifasciata 158. sexoculata 156. Entomobryidæ. Entrychocampa wilsoni 92. Eriocera 12. fultonensis 30. longicornis 21. macquart 12. spinosa 27. Eriococcus festucæ 2. Essig E. O. 76. Eunicidæ 218. Euphrosyne aurantiaca 218. Euphrosynidæ 218. Eusmatura pamoicensis 236. Evalljapyx propinquus 92. Ewing H. E. 121. Felt E. P. 93. Fish Laguna Beach 233. Funkhouser W. D. 67. Gardner L. L. 235. Gardner R. E. 86. Gargara 69. luteipennis 71. nigro-fasciata 70. nitidipennis 71. pulchripennis 70. tuberculata 70. varicolor 69. Gavia 235. immer 235. pacifica 236. Glyceridæ 219. Haliætus leucocephalus leucocephalus 237. Halosydna 217. californica 217. insignis 217. Hamilton W. F. 217. Harmothoe hirsuta 218. Hemipodia borealis 219. Hermellidæ 219. Heteractitis incanus 237. Hilton W. A. 38 95 134 198. Himantopus mexicanus 236. Hirundo erythrogastra 238. Hughes S. P. 212. Hydroids 242. Ideobisium threveneti 196. Ideoroncus obscurus 196. Isotoma 145. aquæ 147. aspera 149. besselsii 148. bidenticula 147. catena 152. minima 149. palustris 153. viridis 150. Japan Coccidæ of 1. Japygidæ 92. Kermes branigani 100. mirabilis 133. sasseri 48. King Geo. B. 48 100 133. Kuwana S. I. 1. La Follette R. 204 222. Laguna Beach 245. Larus heermanni 236. Lecanium pseudomagnoliarum 7. Lecanium magnoliarum 7. Lecythorhynchus 134. Lepas anatifera 214. fasciculatus 214. Lepidasthenia gigas 217. Lepismidæ 92. Leptrocentrus reponens 69. Lichti P. A. 215. Linckia columbiæ 209. Liogma nodicornis 105. Lloyd J. T. 12. Lumbriconereidæ 218. Lumbriconereis erecta 218. McFadden E. T. 50. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus 236. Macrocheles sublaevis 59. Map--Claremont-Laguna 144. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi 238. Membracidæ 57. Mergus serrator 236. Mitella polymerus 213. Mola mola 233. Moldanidæ 219. Moles M. L. 42 81 187. Mycochanes richardsoni richardsoni 238. Neanura 168. gigantea 45 95. Nebalia 204. Nematoda 220. Nemertinea 220. Nereidæ 218. Nereis agassizi 218. virens 218. Nervous system 38 95 134 198. Obisium macilentum 195. Ordemia deglandi 236. perspicillata 236. Ophiomegistus 58. luzonensis 58. Orthasterias gonolena 209. Otus asio bendirei 237. Pandion haliætus carolinensis 237. Pennariidæ 242. Parasitidæ 58. Parasitus inaegualis 59. Perrisia stanleyæ 241. Phenacoccus azaleæ 1. Phyllodocidæ 218. Pisaster capitatus 209. Pisaster ochraceus 209. Pionosyllis elongatus 217. Plumulariidæ 243. Plumularia lagenifera 243. setacea 243. Poduridæ 164. Polyaspis lamellipes 58. Polychaeta 217. Polynoidæ 217. Popirius 144. Porichthys notatus 233. Protodiaspis 76. agrifolia 76. Pseudoscorpion 42 81 187. Pseudosira 164. domestica 164. Pulvinaria 3. citricola 3. idesiæ 6. okilsuensis 5. photiniac 4. Pycnogonida 134. Pyrgonota bifoliata 67. Rivers J. J. 98. Rhyncholophidæ 56. Rhyncholophus moestus 56. Sabellidæ 219. Sabellaria californica 220. Schmardanella californica 219. Sea urchins 234. Serpulidæ 219. Sertularia fuscata 243. tricuspidata 243. Sertulariidæ 243. Sinella 145. curviseta 145. Sipylus nodipennis 72. Smynthuridæ 143. Smynthurus 144. Spider 121. Starfish 209. Syllidæ 217. Tarsonemidæ 60. Tarsonemus approximatus 60. assimilis 60. Terrebellidæ 219. Tetranychidæ 57. Tetranychus simplex 57. telarius 121. Tipulidæ 12 105. Tomocerus 161. bidentatus 162. vulgaris 161. Tricentrus 67. convergens 68. fairmairei 67. pilinervosus 68. Tubularia 242. Tullbergia 84 171. collis 172. Turbellaria 220. Wang Chi Tsau 221. Worms 217. Xenylla 38 166. collis 167. paludis 168. Xylococcus napiformis 1. Pseudoscorpions in the Claremont-Laguna Region MARGARET M. MOLES Many individuals may be found in a certain vicinity. In the valleys where oak and sycamore trees grow abundantly there can be found as many as seventy-five on the lower trunk of one tree. They are all of one or two species. In all the student collections that have been carried on here in college for the last ten years there have never been more than four or five species collected. It was only through special collection that the other species were found. Very few were found under stones where they are so often spoken of as living and few were found among fallen leaves. Some were collected in rotten poplar and pine logs. In the marshy ground at Chino they were found under leaves and stones and were very abundant on the poplar trees. The distribution of the pseudoscorpions extends from an altitude of 5000 down to within ten feet of the ocean. Concerning their habits of living little can be found. Many small spiders were found in their claws also the small mites that live underneath the bark of trees. Several experiments were tried with some that were brought into the laboratory. The results were: 1. The pseudoscorpions would not go into Eucalyptus bark. 2. They could not live in a glass dish if water was not placed in it somewhere. If water was left out they would dry up within twenty-four hours. 3. They avoided the sunlight and would go under cover. 4. They would remain in one spot without moving for a day at a time. _Chelifer cancroides_ Linn _Description_: Length--including mandibles 3 mm.; pedipalps 4 mm.; claw 1.5 mm. Color--Pedipalps dark reddish brown; cephalothorax dark reddish brown; abdomen lighter than the palps and cephalothorax; legs light yellow brown. _Cephalothorax_: Evenly rounded in front; one distinct median suture two distinct eye spots. _Abdomen_: Twice as long as it is broad and divided into eleven distinct sutures. All of the scuta about the same size except the last one which is a great deal shorter and broader than the rest. Each scutum is provided with two strong spiny hairs on the outer edge. The whole body is heavily granulated the cephalothorax having knob-like protuberances all along the edges. _Pedipalps_: Larger than the whole animal. Coxa smooth; trochanter with large protuberance ending in a heavy spine on the outer edge. Femur longer than cephalothorax pedicellate. Tibia concave on inner edge pedicellate shorter than femur. Trochanter femur and tibia strongly granulated and sparsely covered with almost clavate hairs. Claw of good size finger a little shorter than the hand. Hand evenly convex on outer and inner edges. Finger slightly curved smooth with many long simple tactile hairs. _Mandibles_: Small fixed finger provided with many small teeth. Serrula attached throughout length of moveable finger. Spinnerets long and transparent. Mandibles are provided with five or more heavy long hairs. _Flagellum_: Divided into four separate parts. _Legs_: First two with trochantins claws simple legs covered with almost clavate hairs. _Habitat_: Barns or buildings of this community; also found in some of the common trees such as the oak and sycamore. This was collected in Whittier Claremont Lytle Creek and San Antonio canyons and the smaller canyons near Claremont. _Chelifer fuscipes_ Banks. Figs. 1 and 2 _Description_: Length of animal including mandibles 4 mm.; pedipalps 5.5 mm.; claw 2 mm. Color--Pedipalps reddish brown; cephalothorax reddish brown; abdomen and legs light brown. [Illustration: Figure 1. _Chelifer fuscipes_ Banks. From below and above. ×25.] [Illustration: Figure 2. _Chelifer fuscipes_ third leg and mandible much enlarged.] _Cephalothorax_: As long as it is broad. Upper edge almost truncate yet rounded; sides evenly convex lower edge almost straight. Cephalothorax finely granulate and heavy simple spine-like hairs placed in a definite order. One distinct median suture. Two eye spots. _Abdomen_: Half as broad as it is long and divided into twelve scuta. The outer edges of each scutum are prolonged into curved hooked spines. The first scutum is the shortest and broadest and has the heavier spine or hook while the last two segments often lack the hook. The abdomen is finely granulate and at the lower edge of each scutum there are eight heavy short simple hairs. _Pedipalps_: Longer than body coxa smooth trochanter with large protuberance ending in a strong spine on outer side; femur longer than cephalothorax slightly concave on inner edge convex on outer edge. Tibia pedicellate shorter than femur. The trochanter femur and tibia are all granulate and sparsely covered with short simple hairs. Claw large hand broad smoothly convex on both sides; finger as long as the hand and slightly curved. It is also provided with long tactile hairs. [Illustration: Figure 3. Pedipalp of _Chelanops serratus_ n. sp. ×50.] _Mandibles_: Small for size of animal; fixed finger provided with small teeth. Serrula attached throughout the length of moveable finger. Flagellum divided into small parts. Spinnerets small and transparent. _Legs_: First three legs with trochantins claws simple legs covered with simple hairs. _Habitat_: Sycamore canyons Laguna Beach Whittier Hills Cucamonga canyon Arrowhead canyon Lytle Creek canyon Evey's canyon San Antonio canyon and from oak and sycamore trees around the college campus. _Chelifer scabrisulis_ Simon I will not describe the details of this species because it is so much like the last described differing from _C. fuscipes_ by not having the prolonged hooks like spines on the outer edges of each abdominal scutum. The color differs from the other two. The abdomen and legs are light brown. The cephalothorax and palps are a little darker yellowish brown. The habitat of this species was the same as that of _C. fuscipes_. When collecting they were generally found together. _Chelanops oblongus_ Say _Description:_ Length of body including mandibles 5 mm; abdomen 4 mm.; pedipalps 4.5 mm.; claw 2 mm. Color--Cephalothorax light reddish brown pedipalps darker abdomen yellow with dark brown spots legs pale yellow. _Cephalothorax:_ Very short for length of body. Front margin truncate sides almost straight lower margin slightly convex smooth and shiny and provided with many short hairs. _Abdomen:_ Four times as long as it is wide; sub-parallel sides. Each scutum with a dark spot on each side and each dark spot surrounded by long simple hairs arranged in a definite order. _Pedipalps:_ Nearly as long as the body coxa smooth trochanter stout and short; femur pedicellate broadest part being near base as long as the cephalothorax inner edge slightly concave outer edge strongly convex; tibia shorter than femur pedicellate strongly convex on inner edge on outer edge slightly concave near base but strongly convex beyond. _Claw:_ Large finger very stout and curved shorter than the hand. Hand very broad very convex on outer edge only slightly so on inner edge. The trochanter femur and tibia are covered with stout simple hairs of varying length. _Mandibles:_ Small and short serrula attached throughout length of finger spinnerets small and transparent. _Legs:_ Short and stout covered with short stout simple hairs. _Habitat_: This has been reported from Palm Springs but one specimen was found within our area at Brown's Flats at about four thousand feet elevation in an old pine log. _Chelanops pallipes_ Banks Similar to _C. dorsalis_ but fingers longer than hand and very slender; tibia also slender less convex on the inner side hard parts with clavate hairs. Three millimeters long. (From Banks.) _Habitat_: Los Angeles and vicinity but has not yet been found in our immediate region. _Chelanops acuminatus_ Simon Cephalothorax and palpi reddish brown with short but not clavate hairs; no eye spots; pedipalps rather short hand evenly convex on inner side at base fingers much shorter than the hand and quite stout. 3 mm. long. (From Banks.) _Habitat_: Claremont and Los Angeles. _Chelanops lagunæ_ Moles This species was described in the March number of this Journal 1914. It differs chiefly from _C. dorsalis_ Banks by having two eye spots. It is a smaller species. This small species was found in Sycamore canyon near Laguna Beach. _Chelanops paludis_ Moles This species was described in the June 1914 number of this Journal. The very broad form of the abdomen is characteristic. This was found on poplar trees and in poplar logs in the Chino swamp. _Chelanops serratus_ n. sp. Fig. 3 _Description_: Length--Pedipalps 3 mm. Impossible to take measurements of other parts for slide was so poorly made but the body was small. Color--Cephalothorax and pedipalps strong yellow brown; legs and abdomen light yellow. _Cephalothorax_: As long as it is broad sides evenly convex upper margin straight one distinct median suture; no eye spots; surface of cephalothorax very granular. [Illustration: Figure 4. _Ideoroncus obscurus_ Banks. Forward part of the animal from above. ×25.] _Abdomen_: Badly curled up; scuta entirely covered with short almost clavate hairs. The naming of this species is based on the short "saw-like" hairs that are all over the body. They are not globular on the end as the clavate hairs but have "saw-like" edge. _Palps_: Short and stout coxa smooth trochanter as usual femur shorter than cephalothorax; pedicellate inner margin almost straight at base then suddenly concave to tip outer margin evenly but not strongly convex; tibia broad pedicellate suddenly enlarging on inner side near base outer margin evenly convex. Trochanter femur tibia strongly granulate and sparsely covered with these "saw-like" hairs. _Hand_: Broad as it is long greatly swollen on inner margin near base; fingers slightly curved and as long as the hand. _Mandibles_: Small; spinnerets small and transparent; serrula attached throughout the length of the moveable finger. _Legs_: The two anterior legs with trochantins; legs covered with many hairs. This specimen was found on the window pane of the Pomona College greenhouse. A fly (_Musca domestica_) lit on the pane and the pseudoscorpion caught its legs and clung while the fly crawled about. This is the only one of its kind that has been found. _Atemnus hirsutus_ Banks Described by Banks in this number of the Journal. Only one specimen of this species was taken. This is the species found nearest the ocean. The broad hand is quite evident. Found ten feet from the ocean among stones at Laguna Beach. _Obisium macilentum_ Simon _Description_: Pale yellowish brown legs paler; hard part shining; cephalothorax one-fourth longer than broad. Sides parallel; mandibles about one-half the length of the cephalothorax; pedipalps very long and slender with long fine scattered hairs. Femur as long as the cephalothorax. Fingers longer than hand. _Habitat_: Claremont. _Ideobisium threveneti_ Simon _Description_: Length of animal including mandibles 4 mm.; length of palps 3.5 mm.; length of abdomen 3 mm.; length of claw 1.5 mm. Color--Cephalothorax and palps dark reddish brown; abdomen lighter than cephalothorax; legs pale yellow. _Cephalothorax_: As long as it is broad upper margin truncate sides nearly straight lower margin straight; no suture; four distinct eye spots; eyes on each side almost touch each other. _Abdomen_: Elongate three times as long as it is broad; scuta entire. _Palps_: Coxa smooth; trochanter small; femur long outer edge almost straight inner edge slightly convex; tibia short and stout pedicellate convex on inner and outer surface. _Claw_: Not large; finger as long as hand and not curved very much; hand broad evenly convex on inner and outer edges. _Legs_: Lack trochantins III and IV stouter than I and II; mandibles large; serrula not attached throughout length of moveable finger; spinnerets long and transparent. _Habitat_: Claremont Ice House Canyon under leaves. _Ideoroncus obscurus_ Banks _Description_: Length of animal including mandibles 3 mm.; length of pedipalps 3 mm. Color--Cephalothorax and pedipalps dark yellow brown; abdomen and legs very light yellow. _Cephalothorax_: A little longer than broad; front margin slightly truncate rounded; sides so slightly convex as to be almost straight; lower margin slightly recurved; no transverse sutures; one pair of eyes. _Abdomen_: Elongate and slender; scuta entire; both abdomen and cephalothorax with a few simple scattered hairs. _Palps_: Long and slender; coxa smooth; trochanter lacks large protuberance of many of the Cheliferidæ; femur hardly as long as cephalothorax very slender and not pedicellate; tibia shorter and broader than femur pedicellate convex on inner edge only slightly so on outer edge; trochanter femur and tibia covered with short stout simple hairs; claw long and slender; finger little longer than hand and only slightly curved; hand twice as long as broad; hand and claw covered with long simple hairs; mandibles large serrula attached only at base; spinnerets long and transparent. _Legs_: The femur and tibia of the first two pairs of legs rather stout; no trochantins; covered with simple hairs. _Habitat_: Found in oak trees in the wash around Claremont. This differs slightly from that described by Banks in that: 1. The upper margin of the cephalothorax is not rounded but truncate. 2. The fingers of the claw are not shorter than the hand. 3. The femur and tibia of the first two pairs of legs are not stout. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Some Points in the Nervous System of a Large Deep Water Crab WILLIAM A. HILTON During the summer of 1914 several living specimens of the large crab _Loxorhynchus grandis_ Stimp. were obtained at Laguna Beach. One of these was kept for some time in a tank of sea water and its general movements were observed as it walked about on the bottom or attacked the sharks or other fish in the aquarium. Its movements were slow and its senses seemed not very acute in this situation. A gross and microscopical examination of the nervous system gave much the appearance of these organs in other decapods but the remarkably small size of the brain or head ganglion was especially noticeable. The nerves connected with this ganglion were long and slender. The optic was large the tegmental a little smaller and the first antennal about as large as this last. Closely associated with the optic was the small oculomotor and near the connectives the small second antennal. Other small nerves were connected with the brain whose courses were not traced including a pair of small frontal nerves. The connectives with the thoracic-abdominal ganglion were long and slender with each its small ganglion a short distance from the brain. A cross connection between these connectives was not seen. It may have been broken in the dissection. The thoracic-abdominal ganglion has many nerves connected with it as shown in the figure; the largest of these were traced to the legs and upper thoracic appendages. The legs are large and heavy and the nerve trunks in them are large; their combined bulk would probably be many times that of the ventral ganglion. So far as studied the internal arrangement of tracts and cells does not differ materially from the classic descriptions of Bethe in another species. One thing especially noteworthy is the fact that the nerve cells do not seem especially large nor are the large ones numerous. [Illustration: Figure 1] The nerve cells and fibers were studied in preparations fixed in Flemming's fluid and stained with iron hematoxylin. As in forms previously studied the general structure of the ganglion in a way duplicates the structure of the nerve cells in that a general reticulum forms a framework for the other structures in both. It is hard in individual cases to distinguish the supportive structures from the conductive but the fibers and fibrils in or outside of the nerve cells run in longer straight lines--that is they do not form so much of a meshwork although they may branch and intertwine to some degree both within and outside the nerve cells. Large strands or fibers from nerve cells run as fibers then divide into smaller masses of fibrils and at last break up into numerous fibrils. The usual demonstration of nerve cells with their branches as shown by the Golgi or methylene blue methods I believe shows only the _larger_ and _smaller_ branches from nerve cells and the smallest branches where the fibers break into fibrils are not shown at all. [Illustration] In this and other arthropods which I have studied it seems to me to be quite characteristic of the nervous system that many parts show fine fibrillæ more clearly than they are seen in vertebrates. This may in part be due to the nature of the insulating and supportive apparatus. As in _Carcinus_ described by Bethe the optic tract enters the mesal side of the globulus and splits up into smaller and smaller parts and is at last lost in the minute network of fibrils and supporting substance. Large bundles from the outside may be seen as dark masses here and there. These last are held in place in the section by many connecting strands which join the fibers from all sides. Some may be conducting fibrils but it is hard to distinguish these from supportive. Probably most of the conducting fibrils leave at or near the termination of the thicker part of the fiber. The denser parts of the nervous system of this and other arthropods such for instance as the material of the globulus are composed for the most part of ultimate fibrillæ whose relationships at these points can only be conjectured at present because of their minuteness their great abundance and because of the intermingling of supportive or other materials of several little understood sorts. An extensive comparative study of these denser masses with various reagents should yield some interesting results. Tigroid substance mostly in the form of dots and flakes was recognized but not studied by special stains. The cells are surrounded by a dense capsule of connective substance and in some cases the peripheral zone of the cell next the capsule is light. In some this light zone is speckled with dark dots or lines. Some of these may be the ends of fibrillæ--in fact some fibrils were traced--others may be tigroid substance or possibly the bodies recognized by Poluszynski in some Crustacea although his are stained by other methods. PAPERS MENTIONED _Bethe A._ 1898 Das Nervensystem von Carcinus maenas. Arch. f. Mic. Anat. Bd. 51. _Poluszynski G._ 1911 Untersuchungen über den Golgi-Kopsch'schen apparat und einige andere Strukturen in dem Ganglionzellen der Crustaceen. Bull. Acad. Sc. Cracovie. Figure 1. Outline of the cephalothorax of _Loxorhynchus_ showing the position and size of the nervous system. One-half natural size. Figure 2. Brain of _Loxorhynchus_ from above. ×10. o Ocular nerve; m oculomotor; t tegmental nerve; a first antennal nerve; b second antennal; c connective. Figure 3. Nerve cell with fibrils from the brain. ×900. Figures 4 and 5. Nerve cells near each other in the brain fibrils are shown. ×900. Figure 6. Neuroblast from a doso-median mass of the brain. ×900. Figure 7. Neuroglia cell with branches from the brain. ×900. Figure 8. Two fibres breaking into fibrils. From the brain. ×900. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College._) A New Pseudoscorpion from California NATHAN BANKS Professor Hilton recently sent me a pseudoscorpion taken on the beach near water which proves to belong to the genus _Atemnus_. Our common Florida _Atemnus_ also occurs on the sea beach. The Californian species differs from the Florida form in having a larger hand and more hairy body. _Atemnus hirsutus_ n. sp. [Illustration] Pale yellowish; cephalothorax a little longer than broad behind narrowed in front sides slightly sinuate clothed with short simple bristles; mandibles not one-third the length of the cephalothorax with a short stylet; abdomen elongate cylindrical the segments with apical and preapical rows of simple bristles; legs rather large with many simple bristles all showing trochantins. Pedipalpi large clothed with many fine simple hairs and bristles; the trochanters bituberculate behind near tip; the femur about as long as the width of the cephalothorax of nearly equal width throughout; the tibia about as long as femur a little broader beyond the middle about equally convex on each side; hand extremely broad at base barely shorter than the tibia; fingers as long as the hand much curved each with some tooth-like granules and a fine toothed ridge on the apposed sides. From Laguna Beach California ten feet from the ocean. (Hilton.) A Nebalia from Laguna Beach R. LA FOLLETTE Among the many marine forms collected and studied at Laguna Beach this summer were several Nebalia which were taken by Mr. Lichti from a holdfast cast up on the beach. A specimen was sent to the National Museum at Washington where it was classified as _Nebalia bipes_ O. Fab. A brief description of the animal will be given in this paper. _Nebalia bipes_ O. Fab. (Plate I Fig. 1) belongs to the order Phyllocarida which is the linking order between the Branchiopoda and Copepoda on one hand and the Schizopoda and Decapoda on the other. There are only three genera and the commonest of these is _Nebalia_. So far as I know this form has never before been reported from this region. The specimen here described was 9 mm. in length and a whitish flesh color. It was transparent in the living animal. The body is divided into a head thorax and abdomen having the normal malacostracan number of segments except the abdomen which is made up of eight the last bearing caudal styles. There is a bivalved cephalic carapace extending back to the fourth abdominal segment and terminating in front in a movable rostrum. The eyes are large round and raised on movable stalks. There are two pairs of antennæ (Plate II Fig. 2) the first pair being four-jointed the last joint rather broad and armed with many hairs along the outer margin. The other joints have a few hairs on the articulating margin. The flagellum rises from the fourth joint behind the fifth and has fourteen joints each one armed with several hairs on the outer margin of the articulation. The second antennæ are slightly larger than the first and made up of three joints with a brush of plume hairs at the caudal end of the second joint. The flagellum is fourteen jointed. The mandible has a two-jointed palp (Fig. 3) with numerous hairs along the outer margin. The second maxilla also has a palp extending back under the carapace with the function of keeping the carapace free from foreign bodies. The thoracic feet (Fig. 3) are about 1.5 mm. in length eight in number and biramous. The outer margins are heavily covered with hair while the inner margins are comparatively smooth. The first four abdominal appendages (Figs. 5 6) are much larger than the thoracic feet being 2.5 mm. in length and are used for swimming like those of the copepods. They are also biramous the back margin and tip having numerous hairs along the edge while the inner margins are lined with many plumous hairs. The first appendage (Fig. 5) is somewhat heavier than the fourth (Fig 6) but the hairs and spines are arranged in the same relative position. The fifth appendage (Fig. 7) is two-jointed uniramous and small .9 mm. long. The sixth is one jointed and smaller yet. The eight abdominal segments taper off in size and the last bears a pair of caudal styles (Fig. 8) which are lined with sharp spines along their outer margins. The ends of the styles are armed with two long sharp spines. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College._) EXPLANATION OF PLATE I Magnification 25 Times Figure 1. _Nebalia bipes_. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II Magnification 25 Times Figure 2. Antennæ. Figure 3. Mandibular palp. Figure 4. Thoracic appendage. Figure 5. First abdominal appendage. Figure 6. Fourth abdominal appendage. Figure 7. Fifth abdominal appendage. Figure 8. Caudal styles. [Illustration: Plate I Figure 1] [Illustration: Plate II] Starfish of Laguna Beach The following is a fairly complete list of shore forms of starfish at Laguna. All but the last one mentioned were photographed by Miss Clency at Laguna Beach. _Linckia columbiæ_ Gray. Fig. 1 A large number of these were collected under stones and in tide pools near shore. A number were found with six arms and often the arms were very irregularly developed. The power of regeneration is very marked as may be determined from the appearance of even a small number of individuals. _Orthasterias gonolena_ Verrill. Fig. 2 This is the "soft starfish." Clark has called it _Asterias forreri_. Fisher (in first Laguna report) called it _A. sertulifera_. Verrill considers it different from either of these last two. We must thank Dr. Clark for this information as well as for the identification of the remaining species of starfish. This form is fairly common in the tide pools and under stones not far from shore. _Pisaster capitatus_ Stimpson. Fig. 3 This is our most beautiful species but is not as common as the next species with which it is often found. On the points and especially among the mussel beds this species may be found. Its colors during life are beautiful with their delicate shades. _Pisaster ochraceus_ Brandt. Fig. 4 This is our most common species on the rocky points and among the barnacles and mussels where they may be found by the dozen. The color variations are quite marked some being a light red brown others a darker shade. Some specimens of large size were obtained. [Illustration] _Astropecten erinaceus_ Gray. Fig. 5 This beautiful starfish with its pearl gray shades is a deeper water form than the others. A few were found in the living condition cast up on the shore and some were obtained from the fishermen but they were not often found. _Asterina miniata_ Brandt. Fig. 6 These broad armed starfish were found quite often in the tide pools near shore; usually of a deep orange color they were sometimes much lighter than this. W. A. H. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Barnacles of Laguna Beach MISS S. P. HUGHES PACIFIC UNIVERSITY FOREST GROVE OREGON Five species of barnacles were found last summer at Laguna Beach. For the identification of the first two of these we must thank Dr. H. A. Pilsbry of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia. [Illustration: Figure 1] _Balanus tintinnabulum californicus_ Pils. Fig. 1 The most common of the acorn barnacles; found abundantly on rocks mussels etc. There are six valves or plates; the rostrum carina and two latera on each side. These plates are delicately marked with pink stripes. The connecting pieces are often transversely lined. This is the largest of the common acorn barnacles; the average height is about an inch. [Illustration: Figure 2] _Balanus nubilus_ Darwin. Fig. 2 This is one of the small acorn barnacles also very numerous on the rocks at tide level. Here the plates usually six in number although in some the lateral plates are divided are closely joined to each other without connecting pieces. [Illustration: Figure 3] [Illustration: Figure 4] _Mitella polymerus_ Sowerby. Fig. 3 This is a very abundant species and is found in great masses on the rocks near the tide level. It is readily known by the numerous irregularly arranged scales at the base of the capitulum. The valves are usually much worn and many cases of regeneration have been noted. The peduncle is covered with fine scales. _Lepas anatifera_ Linnæus. Fig. 4 This is a fairly abundant goose barnacle found in holdfasts of kelp and occasionally on driftwood and floating objects. The size varies from a few millimeters to almost an inch in length. The distinguishing characters are the very fine striations on the valves the presence of an umbonal tooth on the right scutum and the proximity of the base of the carina to the scutum. The valves are a delicate pale blue color and the peduncle a deep purplish brown. [Illustration: Figure 5] _Lepas fasciculatus_ Elis and Solander. Fig. 5 Two specimens were found by Mr. Lichti upon the beach at Green Bay Laguna Beach in September of this year. Others have been collected from the Laguna region. It is a light pelagic form with paper-like plates and angularly bent carina with a prominent umbo. Notes on the Eggs of Some Laguna Beach Invertebrates P. A. LICHTI During the past summer a large number of species and individuals were examined for eggs. Some of these fragmentary notes may be of use to others who may carry the study further. The serpent stars were not especially studied for the eggs but during July several hundred were collected from various places. These were mostly of one species. About one-third of these contained well developed ova. On July 14th and 20th six individuals of the genus _Ophiothrix_ deposited eggs in the aquarium jars. During August three out of twenty specimens had ova well developed many may have been young. Comparatively few female sea urchins were found. Out of 50 individuals opened 36 were males six females and the rest young. Miss Wang also found that the males were more numerous than the females as they were collected four to one. Miss Wang was able to keep the sperm alive for 96 hours in the laboratory before we had running salt water. In the common shore goose-neck barnacle _Mitella_ ova and segmentation stages were found during the summer. The common rock crab _Pachygrapsus_ was examined many times during July and very few adult females were without eggs. During the same day mature ova and advanced embryos were found. August 10th about half the females were without eggs. On September 4th about two-thirds were without eggs. The early summer seems the more active spawning season. A live female deeper sea crab _Loporhynchus_ was caught on June 25th. The enormous mass of eggs was unsegmented and failed to segment in the laboratory although the animal was kept alive for some time. On July 20th another female was caught the embryos were well advanced and it was possible to see the heart beat under the microscope. They lived only a few hours. The sand crabs of the genus _Eremita_ were found laying their eggs all summer. Some hundreds were examined and it was found that up to September egg masses were nearly always found with the females. In the whole season out of 236 examined only 11 in September were without eggs. It was found that while the eggs on the swimmeretts were developing into crabs another egg mass was being formed in the ovaries this last reached maturity about the same time that the young crabs on the swimmeretts hatch. A species of _Cypris_ was found in a pool about 1½ miles up Laguna canyon. These had many eggs on July 1; by July 17 no eggs were found. A number of species of isopods and amphipods were found to have eggs during the summer and during September it was very easy to obtain _Ligyda_ with eggs or young although the proportion of young stages was becoming less. Members of the genus _Caprella_ were found with eggs at different times during the summer and up into the fall. Of the pycnogonids the following genera were found with eggs during the summer: _Lecythorhynchus_ _Ammothella_ of two species; _Halosoma_ _Pycnogonium_ _Palene_ _Tanystylum_ of two species. A number of chitons were examined but with negative results. Probably many were young. Some of the bivalved forms were examined but the character of the period of reproduction is not yet determined. The sea hare _Aplysia_ laid its eggs in the aquarium jars during the middle and late summer. Many of the species of nudibranchs collected during the summer were found to deposit eggs in the laboratory. One species a light brown form was found abundantly in kelp holdfasts. They laid coiled ribbon-like masses of eggs. Eight different individuals of the genus _Doris_ deposited eggs in the laboratory. On July 28 two of the genus _Hermissenda_ and one _Spurilla_ (?) deposited eggs. _Laila_ and several unknown forms deposited eggs in the laboratory during the first part of September. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Preliminary Notes on Some Marine Worms Taken at Laguna Beach W. F. HAMILTON During the summer of 1914 I made a collection of some 230 bottles of annelids. It was thought best that I should publish a list of the families and of such species as I have succeeded in identifying. Polychaeta Syllidæ Are quite abundant among the finer sea mosses. _Pionosyllis elongata_ Johnson. Found among goose-neck barnacles west of the Laboratory and in seaweed tangles. White with bright red eggs coloring posterior end. Taken June 26 1914. Two other forms are common in the finer sea moss. Polynoidæ Are of frequent occurrence on rocks and in seaweed tangles. I have identified four species. _Halosydna insignis_ Baird. The most common and variable polynoid at Laguna. Color of elytra yellowish gray to bright red. Length from 18 to as much as 47 mm. (contracted). _Halosydna californica_ Johnson. Less abundant. Similar in distribution. More slender and of a lighter pigmentation. _Lepidasthenia gigas_ Johnson. This interesting form was taken from a large mass of the tubes of _Vermetus_ (_squamigerus?_) (gasteropod). Heretofore as far as I know it has only been recorded as a tube commensal with a large _Amphitrite_. My specimen was not commensal but was hidden among the mollusc tubes. The color was recorded as a "light unsaturated yellow elytra darker yellow body irridescent below." The setæ project only their tips beyond the parapodia differing only in this respect from Johnson's figures. I could not find any asymmetrical somites judging from the elytrophores. The elytra were all gone and the specimen was poorly preserved. _Harmothoe hirsuta_ Johnson. A single specimen 25 mm. long badly mutilated and in a poor state of preservation was taken in seaweed between tide-marks. Two other species were taken from a similar location but I have not identified them yet. Phyllodocidæ Three unidentified kinds inhabiting seaweed tangles and holdfasts are in the collection. Euphrosynidæ _Euphrosyne aurantiaca_ Johnson. Nereidæ Are common in the atokous state and one "heteronereid" was brought in from an unknown location. _Nereis agassizi_ Ehlers. Specimens which agree closely with figures by Johnson are found very abundantly in seaweed tangles. _Nereis virens_ Sars. A single specimen was taken in wave-washed sand three miles south of the Laboratory. There is another species resembling _Nereis procera_ which I have not yet identified. Two specimens of this beautifully brilliant orange annelid were taken on holdfasts. Eunicidæ I found few of these but such as I did find were in burrows in a soft shale ledge or in sand under large stones. Lumbriconereidæ _Lumbriconereis erecta_ (?) Moore. I am not sure of this determination. The setæ are identical but the parapodia are not quite the same as those figured by Moore. The worm is very abundant in the sand under large stones. One or two similar species are common in seaweed and under mussels. Glyceridæ Two species of this family were found in the sand under large stones. _Hemipodia borealis_ Johnson. Found under a large rock buried in the sand. One very large and active glycerid was found in the same locality. I have not identified it. Cirratulidæ Found in the roots of eel-grass in holes in a soft shale ledge or in the sand under large stones. _Cirratulus robustus_ Johnson. _Cirratulus spirabranchus_ Moore. Found in abundance in the above places. Terrebellidæ Found with the _Cirratulidæ_. _Schmardanella californica_ Moore. Is very abundant in the matted roots of "eel-grass." Two other forms are quite abundant wherever _Cirratulus_ is found. Maldanidæ Found on holdfasts. _Clymenella rubrocincta_ Johnson. Fairly common. Chlorhæmidæ I have a half dozen of these from holdfasts. Sabellidæ Small sabellids are common in holdfasts and seaweed masses. Serpulidæ The calcareous tubes of these animals are seen everywhere below half tide on rocks in holdfasts and on kelp (spirobis). I have six different serpulids. Hermellidæ There are probably two species of this family common at Laguna. _Sabellaria californica_ Fewkes. This form was found in large colonies in the protected crevasses of cliffs west of the laboratory. The colonies are some twenty feet long two feet wide and ten inches thick. The tubes are of loosely agglutinated sand and are crowded very closely together with their mouths evenly disposed over the surface of the colony. Another species lives singly in very hard thick sand tubes. Some specimens have algæ growing on their opercula. Turbellaria I have three kinds of these "flat worms" in my collection. They are found under partly submerged stones. Nemertinea There are seven different nemertines in the collection. They are recorded from holdfasts seaweed tangles and from among vermetus tubes. Nematoda There are two or three different marine nematodes in the collection. They are most common in the finer moss. Sipunculoidea There are two kinds of sipunculids which seem quite distinct. Taken from eel-grass roots from under rocks and mussels. The specimens were identified from the following papers: _Fewkes J. W._ 1899 New Invertebrata from the Coast of California. Bull. Essex inst. xxi 99-146 pls. 1-7 (2) figs. in text. _Johnson H. P._ 1897 A Preliminary Account of the Marine Annelids of the Pacific Coast with Descriptions of New Species. Proc. Cal. ac. sc. (3) i 153-198 pls. 5-10. -------- 1901 The Polychætæ of the Puget Sound Region. Proc. Bost. soc. nat. hist. xxix 381-437 pls. 1-19. _Moore J. P._ 1904 New Polychætæ from California. Proc. acad. nat. sci. Philadelphia 56-484-503 pls. 37-38. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College._) Studies in the Comparative Size of the Red Blood Corpuscles of Birds CHI TSAU WANG The blood corpuscles of a large number of vertebrates were studied at Laguna Beach during the past summer. Some of the sizes of cell and nucleus are given below. The blood was obtained as fresh as possible; in no case was the blood obtained longer than twenty-four hours after death. The corpuscles were measured by the ocular micrometer and checked by the aid of a camera lucida. Average Size of Average Size of Corpuscle Microns Nucleus Microns Common Name Scientific Name Length Breadth Length Breadth ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Western Gull Larus occidentalis 14.70 8.82 6.53 3.27 Heermann Gull Larus heermanni 14.05 7.84 6.21 2.77 Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias 13.72 8.82 6.53 3.27 Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator 13.07 7.51 6.86 2.77 Arkansas Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis 12.77 9.47 5.55 3.10 California Road Runner Geococcyx californianus 12.09 9.15 5.27 3.27 Long-billed Dowitcher Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus 12.41 8.49 5.24 2.46 Least Tern Sterna antillarum 11.76 8.46 6.21 2.94 Semipalmated Plover Ægialitis semipalmata 11.43 6.21 5.24 2.77 Arizona Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus nelsoni 11.27 8.49 4.41 2.94 San Diego Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia cooperi 10.94 8.33 5.27 2.53 Least Vireo Vireo pusillus pusillus 10.45 9.47 5.55 2.77 California Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi 10.45 6.53 5.24 2.77 Belding Marsh Sparrow Passerculus beldingi 10.08 6.86 4.90 2.77 Willow Gold Finch Astragalinus tristis salicamans 9.80 6.79 6.04 2.94 California Horned Lark Otocoris alpestris actia 9.47 6.21 4.25 2.12 Western Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus strigatus 8.49 5.55 5.24 3.10 _(Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College)_ Caprellidæ from Laguna Beach R. LA FOLLETTE This paper is a preliminary article on the Caprellidæ of Laguna Beach and deals with species that have so far been identified. Because of great variation due to age it is very difficult to place the different forms. _Caprella geometrica_ Say Mayer places _C. geometrica_ as one of eighteen or twenty varieties of the species _acutifrons_ but I have thought it best to follow some of the other writers and use _geometrica_ as the species name as my specimen closely resembles the species which seems to be _C. geometrica_ in several accounts. The specimen here described is an adult male. The peræon (Plate I Fig. 1) is robust and covered with many blunt tubercles. In this respect it varies from the specimens described by others who say the peræon is smooth. The young are comparatively smooth and develop tubercles on the caudal segments first. Cephalon furnished with a sharp anteriorly directed dorsal tooth. First segment shorter than the second which is triangular in shape; third and fourth broad and a little shorter than the second; fifth sixth and seventh each growing smaller respectively and truncate at the tip. Antennæ stout; superior pair not half as long as the body first joint short and twice as thick as the second but only half as long third joint shorter than first; flagellum as long as the peduncle and composed of 15 or 16 joints inferior pair extending to about the middle of the flagellum of the superior joints long and narrow. First gnathopod (Fig. 2) attached far forward convex in shape and tapering slightly toward the finger which was long as the palm and narrow; palm armed with tooth-like spine at the base and many hairs. Second gnathopod (Fig. 3) attached just posterior to the middle of the second pereiod basal joint short and thick not half as long as the palm; inner margin of the hand concave armed with a tooth on the dorsal lobe and a broad truncate tooth near the base of the finger as well as numerous hairs; finger sharply concave on the inner margin for about half its length. Branchia nearly round. Third fourth and fifth peræopods (Fig. 4) similar in structure short stout and armed with stiff hairs; hand nearly as long as rest of the extremity; palm broad and armed with numerous hairs inner margin slightly concave with two serrate teeth at the base. Length of specimen 13 mm. Color varying from a bright red to white. Several specimens taken at Laguna Beach the latter part of July from the Rhodophyceæ on the rocks. The young of this species were very abundant at Laguna Beach and I will give a short description of one because of the great variation from the adult. Plate II shows a young male with the antennæ inverted showing the setæ on the ventral side. The first five segments are of nearly equal length; peræon smooth; superior antennæ nearly half as long as the body with inferior nearly as long as superior; flagellum with six to nine joints. Maxillipeds (Plate III Fig. 5) with inner plate reaching apex of first joint of palp armed with two teeth and spines; outer plate reaching apex of second joint of palp and armed with three small teeth. Upper lip (Fig. 6) bilobed finely ciliated. First maxillæ (Fig. 7) two-jointed palp and second joint armed with spines. Second maxillæ (Fig. 8) armed with a few hairs on the tip. Mandible (Fig. 9) has cutting plate made of five strong unequal teeth; teeth of secondary plate nearly equal. First gnathopod attached far forward triangular in shape and fringed with hairs. Second gnathopod (Fig. 11) attached the same as in adult palm convex on inner margin instead of concave as in adult and armed with two small teeth near inner margin at the base; finger is concave and uniform in outline. _Caprella septentrionalis_ Kroyer The specimen here described differs slightly from those described by Mayer Holmes Sars and others yet I do not think the differences great enough to demand the naming of a new species. The peræon (Plate IV Fig. 12) is comparatively smooth first two segments long as long as the rest of the body; cephalon angularly produced in front into a very short blunt spine. Figure 13 shows a specimen with a body somewhat broader. The superior antennæ are about half as long as the body first joint broader than second but shorter; second joint longest of all; third longer than first and narrower than second; flagellum shorter than the peduncle and made up of about twelve joints. Inferior antennæ slightly shorter than the peduncle of the superior. Mandible (Fig. 14) cutting edge denticulate with five irregular teeth spine row having three large feathery spines; molar tubercle strong and prominent. First gnathopod attached far forward against the maxillipeds; hand triangular fringed with hairs on the inner margin and one spine tooth near the base. Second gnathopod (Figs. 15 16) attached near the posterior extremity of the second pereiod basal joint nearly as long as the hand inner margin of hand lying in a straight line and armed with two teeth near the base of the palm one on the lobe and the other to one side. Another long tooth is near the base of the finger and is separated from a large broad tooth by a deep suture; inner margin of the finger irregular. Third fourth and fifth peræopods are similar in structure and not as stout as those of _C. geometrica_; hands powerful and armed with three clumps of spines on small prominences; differing in this respect from those described by Mayer Sars and others in that they lack the pair of serrated spines at the base of the palm. Finger stout and half as long as the palm. Length of specimen 12 mm. Color white or flesh color. The specimens were collected during the latter part of July at Laguna Beach from the seaweed in the inner tide pools. _Caprella æquilibra_ Say The peræon (Plate IV Fig. 12) is comparatively smooth with the cephalon devoid of a horizontal spine; the first three segments are long and narrow of nearly equal length the fourth a little longer than the third the fifth twice as long as the sixth and seventh combined. The branchia are ovate in shape and moderate in size. Between the bases of the second gnathopods is a sharp projection (Fig. 13) and on each side another spiniform process pointing anteriorly. Superior antennæ slightly over half as long as the body first joint about half as long as the second but broader; second twice as long as the first and third a little longer than the first but narrower; flagellum with sixteen or seventeen joints and about as long as the peduncle. Inferior antennæ reaching just beyond the peduncle of the superior. First gnathopod small attached far forward palm triangular in shape tapering toward the finger which reaches back entirely over the inner margin of the palm armed with two sharp spine-like teeth at the base of the palm and scattered hairs. Second gnathopod (Fig. 14) attached at the posterior end of the segment basal joint quite short; other joints have their lobes ending in spine-like processes; palm slightly convex on the inner margin with a spined lobe about a third of the way along and a blunt tooth two-thirds of the way along separated from a broad tooth by a deep sinus; claw regularly concave; whole gnathopod with but few hairs. Third fourth and fifth peræopods (Fig. 15) similar in size and structure; palm thick with two serrate teeth a third of the distance from the base. Length of specimen 12 mm. Color a dark brown to flesh color. Two specimens taken on a holdfast that was thrown up on the beach at Laguna Beach during July 1914. BIBLIOGRAPHY _Bate C. S._ 1862 Catalogue of Amphipodous Crustacea pp. 357 362. _Holmes S. J._ 1903 Synopses of North American Invertebrates xviii The Amphipoda. The American Naturalist vol xxxvii No. 436 p. 291. Bulletin of Bureau of Fisheries vol. xxiv Amphipoda of Southern New England p. 526. _Mayer P._ 1882 Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neaples vi Monographie pp. 45-50. _Mayer P._ 1890 Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neaples xvii Monographie pp. 48-57. _Mayer P._ 1903 Siboga-Expeditie xxxiv Monographie pp. 79-92. _Sars G. O._ 1895 An account of the Crustacea of Norway vol. i Amphipoda p. 663. _Say_ 1817 Journal of the Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia pp. 390-391. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) EXPLANATION OF PLATES Plate I _C. geometrica_ (adult). ×25 Figure 1. Body showing length of segments Figure 2. First gnathopod. Figure 3. Second gnathopod. Figure 4. Fifth peræopod. Plate II _C. geometrica_ (young male). ×40 Plate III _C. geometrica_ (young male) Figure 5. Maxillipeds. ×300. Figure 6. Lip. ×300. Figure 7. First maxillæ. ×300. Figure 8. Second maxillæ. ×300. Figure 9. Mandible. ×300. Figure 10. First gnathopod. ×175. Figure 11. Second gnathopod. ×175. Plate IV _C. septentrionalis_ Figures 12 13. Bodies showing length of segments. ×25. Figure 14. Mandible. ×110. Figures 15 16. Second gnathopods. ×25. Plate V _C. æquilibra_ Say Figure 12. Body showing length of segments. ×50. Figure 13. Projection at base of second gnathopod. ×150. Figure 14. Second gnathopod. ×150. Figure 15. Fifth peræopod. ×150. [Illustration: Plate I] [Illustration: Plate II] [Illustration: Plate III] [Illustration: Plate IV] [Illustration: Plate V] Record of Two Fish Not Before Mentioned from Laguna During the summer of 1914 no special effort was made to collect fish but the two following species were taken: _Porichthys notatus_ Girard A specimen of this interesting but rather common Californian fish was taken in a tide pool and kept for some time alive in the aquarium. This ddition, from six to twelve doing special work for a longer or shorter period. Students from three Pacific coast colleges were in attendance, although most of the students and advanced workers were from Pomona College. Two or three studied special Histological or Embryological topics, but the majority were interested in faunal and distributional problems. As announced at an earlier time, the Laguna station is but an extension of the Biological part of Pomona College, and the plan for special work includes a survey of the whole region from the mountains to the sea. With this in mind, many explorations have been begun, and the aid of specialists in various fields is sought, so that we may first of all know the living forms that inhabit this varied and interesting section of California. We hope that a better knowledge of the species in the different groups here may lead to more extensive observations both by advanced students from the College and by others. [Illustration: THREE ARCHES BELOW LAGUNA] Together with the special and general work of the students, collections of marine and land animals were obtained all through the summer. Some of these were for the local collection, others to aid in the work of the survey. Among the collections made were many species of sponges, hydroids, polyzoans, pycnogonids, marine worms, Crustacea of several groups and, in fact, nearly all the shore forms that could be obtained between tides or a short distance from shore with a small boat. There were also extensive collections of insects and spiders from the hills and from up and down the coast. [Illustration: SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO] For the study of marine and land animals Laguna has proved itself once more well adapted to our uses. The high hills come down near the ocean at several points, and there are miles of interesting and varied coast line in both directions from the laboratory. All summer, students in small or larger parties tramped over the hills and through the many interesting canyons to the lakes, to the Mission of San Juan Capistrano, or to Balboa and the mud flats. Saturday was the regular field day, and the longer tramping trips were then taken, but very often of an evening groups of students enjoyed beach suppers or picnics in some canyon or up in the hills. That Laguna and its surroundings is a region of great interest and beauty is evinced by the fact that a number of artists make it their home, while it is visited by many others. The trail to Balboa, along the beach or the cliffs, is wonderfully varied and beautiful, while the drive from Laguna to San Juan Capistrano, except for the lack of villages and ruins, might well be considered a part of the famous Amalfi Sorrento drive in Italy. During the summer of 1915 courses in general as well as special zoology will be given. General entomology may also be studied with advantage. For those who are just beginning biological work there may be special exercises arranged, as last summer. There are eight private rooms in the laboratory for special workers. Some of these will be available for investigators who may wish to follow out problems of their own or those suggested by the work of the station. Write W. A. Hilton, _Director_, Pomona College, Claremont, California. Wants and Exchanges Subscribers and others are urged to use these columns to make their wants known. As the Journal goes to all parts of the world we hope to make this a very useful feature of the publication. Exchange notes are free to subscribers. Wanted--Myriopods from all parts of the world. Will name, exchange or purchase. R. V. Chamberlin, Mu. Comp. Zoology, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. Will exchange insects of any order from Southern California, for Microlepidoptera from any part of North America, preferably pinned, with complete data concerning capture. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., Pasadena, Cal. Coccidæ--California Coccidæ exchanged for specimens from all parts of the world. E. O. Essig, Secretary State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal. Wanted--Cephalopods (in alcohol); Chitons (in alcohol or dry); shells of West American Mollusca; zoological literature. Offered: West American and other molluscan shells; zoological pamphlets, mainly on the Mollusca. S. S. Berry, 502 Cajon St., Redlands, California. California Syrphidæ, Aphididæ to exchange for non-California Syrphidæ. W. M. Davidson, Walnut Creek, Cal. Wanted--For exchange, papers on marine and fresh-water Protozoa. Albert L. Barrows, Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. Wanted--Information on any mite-papers for sale or exchange that have an economic bearing. H. V. M. Hall, Room 8, Court House, San Diego, Cal. Wanted--Specimens and separates relating to the pseudoscorpions, in exchange for local species. M. Moles, Claremont, Cal. Wanted--Literature and determined specimens of Collembola, in exchange for local forms and literature. G. Bacon, Claremont, Cal. Wanted--Determined specimens of Thysanura in exchange for local species. R. Gardner, Claremont, Cal. Wanted--Separates relating to the nervous system and sense organs of the invertebrates in exchange for reprints by a number of authors on this and other topics relating to the anatomy of invertebrate animals. W. A. Hilton, Claremont, Cal. Tabanidæ from all parts of North America to exchange for Tabanidæ from the Western United States and Mexico and Central America. Jas. G. Hine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Sarcophagidæ from all parts of the world bought or exchanged, according to arrangement. North American material determined. R. R. Parker, Ent. Lab., Mass. Agri. 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Address ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ==================================================== Reichert's Scopes are Good Scopes IS YOUR'S A REICHERT? HAVE YOU HEARD OF REICHERT'S FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPE? CIRCULAR ON REQUEST. ADDRESS McCALLA-REICHERT COMPANY REICHERT'S AMERICAN AGENTS 623 S. WABASH AVE., CHICAGO "_It is better to have BOUGHT Reichert's than to WISH you had._" ==================================================== THE KNY-SCHEERER CO. SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS, INSTRUMENTS AND PREPARATIONS, CHEMICALS, ANATOMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL MODELS, NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS AND PREPARATIONS, MUSEUM AND NATURALISTS' SUPPLIES, GLASS JARS, WALL CHARTS, LABORATORY SUPPLIES. _Illustrated Catalogues on Application_ DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCE G. LAGAI, Ph. D. 404-410 West 27th St., New York ==================================================== Laguna Marine Laboratory SUMMER SCHOOL 1915 _The following Courses will be offered_: GENERAL BIOLOGY, an introductory course. GENERAL ZOOLOGY, a study of the chief animal groups, with special reference to marine forms. ENTOMOLOGY, a special study of insects, their structure, life histories and relationships. In addition to these, special work in microscopic technique, embryology, or special zoology may be given to those who are prepared. Teachers and others are urged to come and spend the Summer with us. A limited number of private laboratories will be available for special investigators. For further information address W. A. HILTON, Department of Zoology Pomona College, Claremont, California ==================================================== Pomona College Located in one of the most healthful and beautiful parts of the west coast. The mountains reach an elevation of ten thousand feet within a few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean afford many special advantages for the study of things not in books. The college is a small one of the New England type with high standards of scholarship. A large proportion of the graduates go on with advanced work in the large universities. In addition, well-manned departments of music and art afford exceptional advantages. For further information, address Secretary of Pomona College Claremont, California * * * * * Transcriber Note The "Index to Volume VI", lists Entomobryidæ without a page reference. This Family may be in a different Number than the current text. On page 222, the word "pereiod" may be a typo for "pereiopod". 
48122	----	Transcriber Note Emphasized text is denoted as: _Italic_ and =Bold=. The female symbol is displayed as [F]. VOLUME NINE NUMBER THREE ======================================================================== JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY SEPTEMBER, 1917 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. ======================================================================== CONTENTS Page List of Bees from Claremont-Laguna Region--_Henry Bray_ 93 A Partial List of the Mammals of the Claremont Region--_Leon L. Gardner_ 101 A Preliminary List of Shells from Laguna Beach and Nearby 107 A Reconstruction of the Nervous System of a Nemertian Worm--_W. A. Hilton_ 119 Entered at Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of March 9, 1879 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY _Subscription_ $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries. This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions. The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists. Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication. Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about 8 by 11 inches. Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets. Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout. The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript. Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible. An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author. Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost. Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when reduced, that is, 5 by 7½ inches or less. The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases. Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive fifty reprints of their publications free of cost. If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets. Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost. Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles. Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail. Address all communications to The Journal of Entomology and Zoology William A. Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U.S.A. List of Bees from Claremont-Laguna Region HENRY BRAY Through the kindness of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell and several others I have been able to get large numbers of our local bees determined. The basis of the work was the extensive Cook-Baker collection of the college with additional material of my own and others. Many of the species here listed have been collected by me and others, but unless not represented in the original college collection it is not noted in the list. So far as the relations of bees to plants has been noted by me it is given in the list. Many other species remain to be determined and only a beginning has been made in respect to the relation of the bees to plants. BOMBIDÆ _Bombus sonorous._ Say. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Nemophila. _Bombus californicus._ Sm. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Fl., Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Bombus crotchii._ Vier. Det. Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Fl., Tar weed. ANTHOPHORIDÆ _Anthophora anstrutheri._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Lotus glaber. _Anthophora curta._ Prov. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Lotus glaber. _Anthophora urbana._ Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Cactus and poppy. _Anthophora washingtoni._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Anthophora stanfordiana._ Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Fl., Amsinckia intermedia. _Anthophora pacifica._ Vier. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Lotus glaber. _Anthophora simillima._ Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Lotus glaber. _Anthophora edwardsii._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Mellisodes pallidicineta._ Ckll. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. April, Fl., Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Mellisodes maura._ Cr. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl., Amsinckia intermedia. _Mellisodes pullata._ Cr. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. April, Fl., Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Mellisodes menuacha._ Cr. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl., Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Mellisodes beltragei._ Cr. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. Fl., Amsinckia interm. _Synhalonia atrientis._ Smith Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl., Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Diadasia crassicauda_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Laguna, Cal., R. La Follette. _Diadasia bituberculata._ Cr. Det. Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Cactus. _Diadasia australis rinconis._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Fl., Cactus. _Diadasia australis opuntia._ Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May. Fl., Cactus. EUCERIDÆ _Tetralonia actuosa._ Det. Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Tetralonia fowleri._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Tetralonia pomonæ_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Tetralonia robertsoni._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. MELECTIDÆ _Bombomelecta thoracicia._ Cr. Det. Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Nemophila. _Pseudomelecta californica miranda._ Fox. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Bombomelecta thornica._ Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Fl., Nemophila. _Zacosmia maculata._ Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Triepeolus ancoratus_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Triepeolus callopus._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Bombomelecta maculata._ Vier. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. NOMADIDÆ _Nomada edwardsii._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. June, no Fl. _Nomada beulahensis._ Ckll. Det. Br. Claremont, Cal., Bray. From Coll. April, no Fl. _Nomada americana._ Kby. Det. Br. Claremont, Cal., Bray. From Coll. April, no Fl. _Nomada crotchii nigrior._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Nomada civilis._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Nomada pyrrha_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Nomada melanosoma_, sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Nomada subvicinalis._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Nomada erythrospila_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Nomada odontocera_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Exomalopsis velutinus._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Exomalopsis melanurus_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Exomalopsis nitens_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Laguna, Cal., R. La Follette. XYLOCOPIDÆ _Xylocopa varipuncta._ Patt. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, no Fl. _Xylocopa orsifex._ Sm. Det. Vier. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Wood. _Xylocopa californica._ Cr. Det. Friese. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Nemophila. MEGACHILIDÆ _Megachile pruing._ Sm. Det. Friese. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl., Cactus. _Megachile grindeliarum._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl., Poppy. _Megachile occidentalis._ Fox. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. _Megachile frugalis._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia erythrosmia remotula._ Des. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia quadriceps._ Ckll. Det. Cr. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia atrocyanea._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Fl., Amsinckia intermedia. _Osmia propinqua._ Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia kincaidii._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia bennettæ._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia integra._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia cobaltina._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Lotus glaber. _Osmia faceta._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia clarescens._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Fl., Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Osmia granulosa._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia regulina._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia ednæ_, female. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia playtura._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. cotype. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia hypochrysea._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia pumila._ Frieze Det. Cr. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl. Mustard. _Osmia cyanopoda_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia cyanosoma._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia nigrobarta_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Hoplitis sambuci._ Titus Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal. April, Poppy. _Hoplitina pentamera._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia pogonigera._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Alcidamea hypocrita._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Osmia melanopleura_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Anthidium maculoscum._ Cr. Det. Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Dianthidium illustri._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Anthidium palliventre._ Cr. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Anthidium tricuspidum._ Prov. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Dianthidium consimile._ Ashmead Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Dianthidium robertsoni._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Anthidium angelarum._ Titus Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Dianthidium provancheri._ Titus Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Dioxys producta._ Cr. Det. Ducke. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Dioxys pomonæ._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Coelioxys megatricha_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Coelioxys angulifera_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Xenoglossa angelica._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. ANDRENIDÆ _Andrena porteræ._ Vier. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena mustelicolor._ Vier. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena prunorum._ Vier. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker and Bray. May, Phacelia tana. and Poppy. _Andrena mimecta._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena texana._ Cr. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl., Poppy. _Andrena bipuntala._ Lovell Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. April, Fl., Phacelia tan. _Andrena cerasifolii._ Vier. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. April, Phacelia tanacætifolia. _Andrena carlina_ Ckll. Ashmead Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. May, Fl., Mustard. _Andrene osmoides_ sp. n. Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena peratra_ sp. n. Prov. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena auricoma._ Sm. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena plana._ Vier. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena opaciventris_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena chlorura_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Agapostemon splendens._ Friese Des. Lange. Los Angeles, Cal. _Agapostemon californicus._ Crawford. Claremont, Cal., Baker. May, Poppy. _Agapostemon radiatus._ Say. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. April, Fl., Daisy. _Diandrena beatula_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Diandrena chalybæa._ Cr. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Diandrena cyanosoma_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Diandrena clarventris_ sp. n. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Diandrena scintilla_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Conanthalictus bakeri._ Crawford Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Conanthalictus macrops_ sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal. Baker. _Augochlora pomoniella._ Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena candida._ Sm. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena angustitarsata._ Vier. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena huardi._ Vier. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena pallidifæva._ Vier. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena cyanosoma._ Ckll. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena nigripes._ Prov. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena scripta._ Vier. Det Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Andrena subtristis._ Ckll. Det. Vier. Claremont, Cal., Baker. CERITINIDÆ _Ceratina neomexicana punctigena_ sub. sp. n. Ckll. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. HALICTIDÆ _Halictus incompletus._ Craw. Det. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus punctatoventris._ Craw. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus nigrescens._ Craw. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus catalinensis._ Craw. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus ligatus._ Say. Det. Craw. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus robustus._ Craw. Det. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus mellipes._ Craw. Det. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus farinosus._ Sm. Det. Craw. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Halictus rhoptoides._ Craw. Det. Br. from Coll. Claremont, Cal., Bray. April, Daisy. COLLETIDÆ _Colletes californicus._ Prov. Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Colletes guadialis._ Sm. Det. Ckll. Claremont, Cal., Baker. PROSOPIDÆ _Prosopis episcopalis_, female. Ckll. Det. Metz. Claremont, Cal., Baker (Rhus laurina). _Prosopis coloradensis._ Ckll. Det. Metz. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. _Prosopis polifolii_, female. Ckll. Det. Metz. Mountains near Claremont, Cal., Baker. PANURGIDÆ _Panurginus atriceps._ Ckll. Det. Cr. Claremont, Cal., Baker. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) A Partial List of the Mammals of the Claremont Region LEON L. GARDNER Since little or nothing has been published on mammals of this region it was deemed advisable to print a list even though very incomplete and based on preliminary and limited collecting in order to have some definite forward step in this much neglected line. Some of the mammals listed below have not been collected by us but are known to occur. Thanks are due Mr. H. S. Swaith for his kind aid in identification of some of the skins collected. Bears of course have long since disappeared but still have left their reputation among old mountaineers. The story goes that a bear, perhaps the last one, was killed at Bear Flats on the trail to "Old Baldy," hence the name. _Odocoileus hemionus californicus._ (Caton.) California Mule Deer. Fairly common through Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. They have been taken as low as the mouth of San Dimas canyon. The recently established game preserve assures an increase in the future. Already they seem to have sensed the protection for on May 19, 1916, we were surprised to find just 75 feet before us a large doe on the auto road not far above the first power house. _Ovis canadensis nelsoni?_ C. M. Merriam. Merriam Desert Bighorn. Mountain sheep have lived for years in the higher peaks above Claremont but being very shy and in inaccessible and little frequented parts have escaped attention very successfully. Rumor has it that Mountain Goats are found with the sheep but I believe this to be unfounded, having been originated probably by the sight of the smaller horned females and young. The area occupied by the sheep is a very definite one and comprises the peaks Ontario, Cucamonga, Telegraph, St. Antonio ("Old Baldy"), and Iron Mountain with their high rocky intervening ridges. Of the points mentioned the first three peaks are the favored ones. I found only a few tracks on Iron Mountain and a rumor of a pair of horns found there some five or eight years ago. "Old Baldy" being too often visited is not a frequented spot for the sheep, serving only as a connecting link to Iron Mountain. However signs around Ontario, Cucamonga and Telegraph peaks are abundant and anyone with a little patience and diligent endeavor can readily see the sheep themselves. They travel often in bands, as many as fifty and in summer keep to the highest places. Where they go in winter is as yet a mystery to me, probably lower into canyon heads for I have never found them on the top during this season. This of course is natural for these peaks practically become great ice mountains dangerous for anything to travel over. Besides grass the food consists of twigs and leaves of _Castonapsis sempewirens_, several species of _Ceanothus_, _Rhammus croceus californicus_, _Rhus trilobata_ and a parsnip _Pastinaca sativa_. _Citellus beecheyi._ Richardson. California Ground Squirrel. Abundant in all parts from brush land to 8,000 feet altitude in suitable localities. _Sciurus griseus anthonyi._ Mearns. Anthony Gray Squirrel. Very common in the transition zone. In early spring they start working on pine cones on the mountain tops, gradually coming down to more abundant supplies of food until fall finds them down in the oak belt feeding on acorns. They winter as low as Palmers canyon in some cases. _Entamias Sp._ Abundant in the pine belt and as high as the top of "Baldy." They are good climbers, exceedingly active and bursting with curiosity. _Onychomys torridus ramona._ Rhoads. San Bernardino Grasshopper Mouse. But two specimens of this carnivorous mouse were taken in a period of trapping extending over three months. Both specimens were taken on bait consisting of rolled oats and in the same place, east of Indian Hill in the brush. A good many of my specimens were more or less devoured in the traps in this locality, and I strongly suspect this mouse of the crime. Nowhere else were my mice eaten or were any grasshopper mice taken. _Peromyscus maniculatus gambeli._ Baird. Gambel White-footed Mouse. This species was one of the most common forms taken, being abundant in the brushy valley and foothills. There is a great deal of color variation in the specimens taken. _Peromyscus boylei rowleyi._ (Allen.) Rowley White-footed Mouse. No specimens were trapped in the valley. However these mice were found not uncommon at the mouth of Palmers canyon, just four miles north of Claremont, in the dry brush land. Within the canyon they were common and were taken as high as the top of Ontario peak along fallen logs. At Camp Baldy they are very common especially along watercourses and fallen logs. Indications are that they ignore zonal limits being taken well down in Lower Sonoran zone and in high transition and not necessarily near water. _Peromyscus californicus insignis._ Rhoads. Chemisal Mouse. Not common. None were taken in the valley and few in the canyons. They were not found along waterways but frequently brushy hillsides. This is a large species of mouse and was almost too much for the little "gee whiz" traps to hold. _Peromyscus eremicus fraterculus._ Miller. Dulzura Mouse. Common in the brush land of both valley and foothill, being found in the canyons also. _Reithrodontomys megalotis longicauda._ Baird. Long-tailed Harvest Mouse. Common in valley and foothill. Although partial to grassy areas (I took many in the grassy runways made by meadow mice--Microtus californicus). I found them not uncommon in the dry brush land east of Indian Hill. _Neotoma fuscipes macrotis._ Thomas. Southern Brush Rat. Common from valley to 5,000 feet in the mountains in suitable localities. I took one in the property house at the Greek theatre this June. The large nests are seen very commonly in the canyons and hillsides. _Neotoma intermedia intermedia._ Rhoads. Intermediate Brush Rat. There seems to be a curious reversal of conditions between this and the former species. Whereas this species is supposed to be taken only up to 3,000 feet, I took none _below_ 3,000, all being taken at 5,000 feet or more along fallen logs near watercourses, and the former species was limited more distinctly to the foothills which is not a typical condition. _Microtus californicus californicus._ (Peale.) California Meadow Mouse. Common in runways through the grass in damp canyons, at Palmers canyon and in other suitable localities. One was taken as high as Kelly's cabin--on Ontario peak, among fallen logs by a cold mountain stream. While setting trap in the runways I more than once caught glimpses of them darting along the aisles in the grass. _Thomomys bottæ pallescens._ Rhoads. Southern Pocket Gopher. Abundant in the valley, often doing much damage in lawns and orchards. _Perodipus agilis agilis._ (Gambel.) Gambel Kangaroo Rats. Abundant from valley to Transition zone. I found them abundant at Brown's Flats where the evidences of their digging and their holes are on every side. I have trapped them in brush country, rocky areas, open brushless places, and at the mouth of ground squirrel holes. _Lepus californicus._ (Gray.) Jack-Rabbit. Common in the valley and to a certain extent in the foothills and higher. _Sylvilagus auduboni sanctidiegi._ (Miller.) San Diego Cottontail. Abundant in the Lower Sonoran zone. Increasing each year due to the protection afforded by game laws. Considerable damage to young trees is done by cottontails and they are a great pest to the farmer. _Sylvilagus bachmani cinerascens._ (Allen.) Ashy Brush Rabbit. Fairly common in the brush. They are not swift runners and rely on escaping by hiding behind clumps of brush. This is more typically an Upper Sonoran form. _Felis oregonensis oregonensis._ (Rafinesque.) Pacific Cougar. Numberless reports are always coming in of Mountain Lions and as usual most of them prove to be unfounded. However authentic records of these beasts are not lacking. I have personally inspected a specimen shot in Cold Water Canyon not more than five years ago. Tradition has it that at one time a mountaineer was actually besieged for two days in the little cabin at Browns Flats. Lions have been seen at Browns Flats, Cattle Canyon and the north of Telegraph peak. Mountaineers tell me that they are a great deal more common in the San Gabriel drainage. The specimen which I saw was from one of the tributary canyons to the San Gabriel river. _Lynx eremicus californicus._ (Mearns.) California Wild Cat. Common in the mountains and ranging over the valley. About once a year a specimen is brought in to be skinned or identified and great stories are told about them. One of the commonest fallacies is that there are two forms in the mountains, one a "Bob cat" with short tail and ear tufts, and the other a true "Link" or Lynx with longer tail and more prominent ear tufts. It is little wonder, however, that such a notion exists in view of the fact of the great range or variations found in these animals. As for actual records of captures. In the summer of 1911 one was shot in the brushy hillsides of Laguna Canyon (Orange Co.) and brought in to the Marine Laboratory. In the spring of 1912 a [F] was shot at the mouth of San Dimas canyon and brought to the college. In December 1914 a [F] in very worn pelage was shot while crossing the Santa Ana river near Prado Beach and brought to me to be skinned. Finally while trapping for foxes in Palmers canyon in March of 1916 I took a male. _Canis ochropus ochropus._ (Eschscholtz.) California Coyote. Common in the brush land above Claremont and in the foothills. The yapping bark is a very familiar cry to any who live near the outskirts of the town and may be heard nearly any evening. Although having camped numerous times in the mountains I have never heard Coyotes above the foothill region. _Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus._ (Mearns.) California Gray Fox. Signs of foxes in the canyons and along mountain trails are always quite common. Foeces containing seeds of manzanita berries are familiar occurrences. They are fond of fruit and are readily trapped with such bait. In March 1916 three were caught one night at the same place in Live Oak canyon. _Procyon psora psora._ (Gray.) California Coon. Coons are fairly common in the larger canyons where there is an abundance of water. I have seen their tracks in Palmers, Cucamonga and San Antonio canyons. Three were trapped this winter (1916) just above Camp Baldy at an altitude of about 5400 feet. _Mephitis occidentalis holzneri._ (Mearns.) Southern California Striped Skunk. Not very common in this region, found mostly in the Upper Sonoran zone in wooded districts. _Spilogale phenax phenax._ (C. H. Merriam.) California Spotted Skunk. Very common in valley, foothills and up to 6,000 feet in the mountains. They are fearless little creatures and will readily enter cabins in the mountains and keep the occupant awake by rattling pots and pans while scrambling around in search of food, needless to say creating an awkward situation for the host. They have been known to take up their abode underneath houses in Claremont and take the liberty of scampering around the parlor floor without regard to the presence of human beings. This was a common occurrence in a certain family I have in mind and on such occasions the unwelcome guest was gently ushered to the door without hurting its feelings and peace of mind restored to the household. They are the easiest of all animals to trap and made considerable trouble and embarrassment for me by continually blundering into traps of mine set for other game. I have found these little creatures as high as 6,000 feet in the canyons. _Mustela xanthogenys xanthogenys._ (Gray.) California Weasel. I had always been interested in weasels as to their occurrence and until this year had taken only one in town with a record of only two or three seen along the railroad track. Then in one week four weasels were given me and a record of seven others obtained, all these are from nearby orange groves and from below town along the railroad track where for a long time I have known they occurred. _Scapanus latimanus occultus._ (Grinnell and Swartz.) Southern California Mole. Moles are occasionally caught in orchards and lawns and the characteristic workings are familiar sights in the mountains up to 8,000 feet. Our specimens were all from the valley. _Antrozous pallidus pacificus._ (Merriam.) Pacific Pale Bat. I have taken several of these bats from behind pictures and in the attics of some of the college buildings. I do not know their relative abundance or distribution but they are certainly common on the campus in spring and summer. _Myotis evotis._ (Allen.) Long-eared Bat. This form also occurs in the college buildings and I believe to a certain extent in the mountains. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) A Preliminary List of Shells from Laguna Beach and Nearby For a number of years past students have collected shells from Laguna Beach, these and the Bradshaw collection form the basis for this list, which includes shells not farther than ten or twelve miles up and down the coast. The earlier collections were by Mabel Guernsey and P. R. Daggs. Practically all the shells drawn and photographed are from the Bradshaw collection because the shells were in better condition. Some of the earlier specimens were determined by the United States National Museum. Suggestions and corrections were kindly made by Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd. The photographs are by Robins and Cooper. Many of the drawings are by Miss Margaret Cate. Doubtful specimens are largely omitted in this list, but a few are included and marked by a question. Plate I, reduced one-half; Plates II and III, natural size; Plate IV, ×10; Plate V, ×6. BIVALVES _Yoldia cooperi_ Sabb. Fig. 1. _Mytilus californicus_ Conr. Fig. 2. _M. stearnsii_ Pils and Raym. Fig. 3. _Septifer bifurcatus_ Rve. Fig. 4. _Modiolus modiolus_ Linn. Fig. 5. _M. rectus_ Conr. Fig. 6. _Lithophaga plumula_ Hanl. Rock borer. Fig. 7. _Pectin (Chlamys) monotimeris_ Conr. Fig. 8. _Pectin (Chlamys) æquisulcatus_ Cpr. Fig. 9. _Pectin (Chlamys) pastatus_ Sby. Fig. 10. _Pecten (Hinnites) giganteus_ Gray. Fig. 11. _Lima dehiscens_ Conr. Fig. 12. _Ostrea lurida_ Cpr. California oyster. Fig. 13. _Chama Pellucida_ Sby. Fig. 14. _Phacoides californicus_ Conr. Fig. 15. _Phacoides (Lucina california) californicus_ Conr. Fig. 15. _Phacoides nuttallii_ Conr. Fig. 16. _Cardium quadrigenarium_ Conr. Fig. 17. _Cardium (Livocardium) substriatum_ Conr. Fig. 18. _Tivela (Pachydesma) crassatelloides_ Conrad. Fig. 19. small specimen. _Chione fluctifrage_ Sby. Fig. 20. _Chione succincta_ Val. Fig. 21. _Chione undatella_ Sby. Fig. 22. _Donax lævigata_ Desh. Fig. 23. _Tagelus californicus_ Conr. Fig. 24. _Macoma nasuata_ Conr. Bent-nosed Macoma. Fig. 25. _Macoma indentata_ Cpr. Indented Macoma. Fig. 26. _Macoma inflatula_ Dall. Inflated Macoma. Fig. 27. _Samele rupium_ Sby. Semele-of-the-Rocks. Fig. 28. _Cumingia californica_ Conr. California Cuming-shell. Fig. 29. _Mya (Cryptomya) californica_ Conr. False Mya. Fig. 30. _Spisula planulata_ Conr. Fig. 31. _Spisula falcata_ Sld. (?). Falcate Mactra. Fig. 32. _Paphia staminea_ Conrad. Ribbed Carpet-shell. Fig. 33. _Paphia tenessima_ Cpr. Finest Carpet-shell. Fig. 34. _Parapholas californica_ Conr. California Piddock. Fig. 35. _Pholadidea penita_ Conr. Common Piddock. Fig. 36. _Pholadidea subrostrata_ Sby. Little Borer. Fig. 37. _Milneria minima_ Dall. Last Milner-shell. Fig. 38. _Aula (Nucula) casternsis_ Hinds. Camp Nut-shell. Fig. 39. FRESH-WATER AND LAND SHELLS UNIVALVES _Physa heterostropha_ Say. Laguna stream. Fig. 40. _Physa occidentalis_ Tryon. Aliso Lake. Fig. 41. _Limnophysa palustris_ Mull. Fig. 42. _Planorbis (Helisoma) trivolvis_ Say. Fig. 43. _Helix aspera_ Mull. Fig. 44. _Epiphragmophora_ Sp. Fig. 45. MARINE UNIVALVES _Acmaea persona_ Esch. Mask Limpet. Fig. 46. _Acmaea spectrum_ Nutt. Ribbed Limpet. Fig. 47. _Acmaea patina_ Esch. Pale Limpet. Fig. 48. _Acmaea scabra_ Roe. Tile Limpet. Fig. 49. _Acmaea incessa_ Hds. Seaweed Limpet. Fig. 50. _Acmaea asmi_ Midd. Black Limpet. Fig. 51. _Acmaea (Lottia) gigantea._ Owl Limpet. Fig. 52. _Acmaea paleacea_ Gld. Chalf Limpet. Fig. 53. _Tylodina fungina_ Gab. Fig. 54. _Gadinia reticulata_ Sby. Netted Button-shell. Fig. 55. _Crucibulum spinosum_ Sby. Cup and Saucer Limpet. Fig. 56. _Crepidula dorsata_ Brod. Wrinkled Slipper-shell. Fig. 57. _Crepidula aculeata_ Gmel. Prickly Slipper-shell. Fig. 58. _Crepidula adunca_ Sby. Hooked Slipper-shell. Fig. 59. _Crepidula nivea_ Gould. White Slipper-shell. Fig. 60. _Crepidula onyx_ Sby. Onyx Slipper-shell. Pl. II. Fig. 19. _Fissurella volcano_ Rve. Volcano Shell. Fig. 62. _Fissuridea aspera_ Esch. Rough Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 63. _Fissuridea murina_ Dall. White Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 64. _Lucapina crenulata_ Sby. Great Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 65. _Clypidella (Lucapinella) calliomarginata_ Cpr. Southern Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 66. _Megatebennus bimaculatus_ Dall. Spotted Key-hole Limpet. Fig. 67. _Turris (Bathytoma) carpenteriana_ Gab. Carpenter Turret Shell. Fig. 68. (Laguna Beach, Jahraus.) _Trophon belcheri_ Hds. Belcher Trophon. Fig. 69. (Jahraus.) _Trophon triangulatus_ Cpr. Three-cornered Trophon. Dredged off Laguna Beach. Bean. Fig. 70. _Australium undosus_ Wood. Wavy Topshell. Fig. 71. _Bullaria gouldiana_ Pisb. Gold's Bubble-shell. Many collected at Balboa much larger than the specimens shown. Fig. 72. _Haminea vesicula_ Gld. White Bubble-shell. Fig. 73. _Haminea virescens_ Sby. Green Bubble-shell. Fig. 74. _Cypraea spadicea_ Gray. Nut-brown Cowry. Fig. 75. _Trivia californica_ Gray. Little Coffee-bean. Fig. 76. _Trivia solandri_ Gray. Solander Trivia. Fig. 77. _Erato vitellina_ Hds. Veally Erato. Fig. 78. (Slightly enlarged.) _Erato collumbella_ Mke. Dove Shell. Fig. 79. _Marginella varia_ Sby. Colored Marginella. Fig. 80. _Marginella jewetti._ California Rice shell. Much like the last but white. _Olivella biplicata_ Sby. Purple Olive Shell. Fig. 81. _Olivella pedroana_ Conr. Pedro Olive Shell. Fig. 82. _Conus californicus_ Hds. California Cone. Fig. 83. _Macron lividus_ A. Ad. Livid Macron. Fig. 84. _Littorina scutulata_ Gld. Checkered Littorine. Fig. 85. _Littorina planoxis_ Nutt. Gray Littorine. Fig. 86. Turned. _Purpura (Cerostoma) nuttallii_ Conr. Nuttall's Hornmouth. Fig. 87. _Tegula (Chlorostoma) gallina_ Fbs. Speckled Turban Shell. Fig. 88. _Tegula (Chlorostoma) aureotincta_ Fbs. Gilded Turban Shell. Large umbilicus with yellow. Fig. 89. _Omphalus fuscecens_ Phil. Banded Turban Shell. Fig. 90. _Tegula veridula ligulata_ Wke. Fig. 91. _Norrisia norrisii_ Sby. Smooth Turban Shell. Fig. 92. _Thais emarginata_ Desh. Rock Purple. Fig. 93. _Acanthia lapilloides_ Conr. Pebbly Unicorn. Fig. 94. _Acanthia elongata_ Conr. Angled Unicorn. Fig. 95. _Acanthia spirata_ Blain. Fig. 96. _Murex gemma_ Sby. Fig. 97. _Murex (Tritonalia) lurida_ Cpr. Lurid. Fig. 98. _Murex (Tritonalia) gracillima_ R. E. C. S. Fig. 99. _Murex (Tritonalia) circumtexta_ R. E. C. S. Fig. 100. _Murex (Tritonalia) poulsoni_ Nutt. Fig. 101. _Epitonium hindsii_ Cpr. White Wentletrap. Fig. 102. _Epitonium crenatoides_ Cpr. Fig. 103. _Actæon puncticælatus_ Cpr. Barrel Shell. Fig. 104. _Mitra idæ_ Melv. Ida's Miter Shell. Fig. 105. _Mitra lowei_ Dall (?). Fig. 106. _Alectrion (Nassa) perpinguis_ Gld. Fig. 107. _Arcularia (Nassa) tegula_ Reeve. Cover-lip. Fig. 108. _Turris ophioderma_ Dall. Pencilled Drill Shell. Fig. 109. _Potomides (Certhidæ) californica_ Hold. California Horn Shell. Fig. 110. _Myurella simplex_ Cpr. Simple Auger Shell. Fig. 111. _Amphissa versicolor_ Dall. Joseph Coat. Fig. 112. Slightly enlarged. _Calliostoma canliculatum_ Mart. Channeled Top Shell. Fig. 113. _Polynices recluziana_ Desh (?). Southern Moon Shell. Fig. 114. under side. _Amalthea antiquata_ Linn. Ancient Hoof Shell. Fig. 115. _Amalthea tumens_ Cpr. Sculptured Hoof Shell. Fig. 116. _Fossarus fenestratus_ Cpr. Windowed Isapis. Fig. 117. _Lacuna unifasciata_ Cpr. One-banded Chink Shell. Fig. 118. _Melampus olivaceus_ Cpr. Olive Ear Shell. Fig. 119. _Janthina trifida_ Nutt. Violet Snail. Shell violet. Jahraus collection. Fig. 120. _Leptothyra carpenteri_ Pilsb. Red Turban Shell. Fig. 121. _Leptothyra baccula_ Cpr. Berry Turban. Fig. 122. _Calliostoma tricolor_ Gabb. Three-colored top shell. Fig. 123. _Haliotis rufescens_ Swains. Red Abalone. Quite common near Laguna. _Haliotis cracherodii_ Leach. Black Abalone. More common than the red. TOOTH SHELLS _Dentalium neohexagnum_ S. and P. Hexagonal Tusk Shell. Dredged off Laguna. CHITONS _Mophia hindsii_ Sby. Hind's Chiton. Fig. 124. _Mophia mucosa_ Gld. Mossy Chiton. Fig. 125. _Ischnochiton clathratus_ Rve. Fig. 126. _Ischnochiton magdalensis_ Hinds. Gray Chiton. Fig. 127. _Nuttallina scabra_ Rve. Scaly Chiton. Fig. 128. _Nuttallina californica_ Nutt. California Chiton. Fig. 129. _Trachydermon dentiens_ Gld. (Pseudodenturus). Fig. 130. _Lepidopleurus rugatus_ Cpr. Fig. 131. _Callistochiton crassicostatus_ Pilsb. Thick-ribbed Chiton. Fig. 132. _Tonicella hartwegii_ Cpr. Hartweg's Chiton. Fig. 133. SMALL SHELLS Wash Drawings by Miss M. Cate _Caecum californicum_ Dall. Common at Laguna Beach. Pl. IV. Fig. 1 ×10. _Vitrinella williamsoni_ Dall (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 2 ×10. (This specimen in the Bradshaw collection was so determined, probably at Washington.) Arch Beach, Cal., near Laguna. _Columbella chrysalloidea_ Cpr. Shell white. Pl. IV. Fig. 3 ×10. _Columbella pencillata_ Cpr. White shell, cross lines brown. Pl. V. Fig. 1 ×6. _Columbella gausapata_ Gould. Common Dove-shell. Brown mottled. Pl. V. Fig. 2 ×6. _Liotia acuticostata_ Cpr. Sharp-ribbed Liotia. Pure white. Pl. V. Fig. 3 ×6. _Seila assimilata_ Cpr. Dark brown. Pl. V. Fig. 4 ×6. _Turbonilla lammata_ Cpr. Pl. IV. Fig. 4 ×10. Light brown. (Dunkeria). _Tinostoma supravalata_ Cpr. (?). Pl. V. Fig. 5 ×6. Clear white. (Ethalia). _Callistoma tricolor_ Gabb. Pl. V. Fig. 5 ×10. _Phasianella pulloides_ Gld. Pl. V. Fig. 6 ×6. Mottled red and white. _Tritonalia barberensis_ Gabb. Pl. V. Fig. 7. _Leptothyra baccula_ Cpr. Pink to gray. Pl. V. Fig. 8 ×6. _Leptothyra carpenteriana_ Pilsb. Red Turban-shell. Pl. V. Fig. 9 ×6. _Leptothyra paucicosta_ Dall. White. Pl. V. Fig. 10 ×6. _Jeffreysia translucens_ Cpr. (?). Pl. V. Fig. 11 ×6. _Pedipes unisulcata_ J. G. Cooper. Light brown. Pl. V. Fig. 12 ×6. _Mitromorpha aspera_ Cpr. Brown. Pl. V. Fig. 13 ×6. _Vermetus anellum_ Morch. White. Pl. IV. Fig. 6 ×10. This specimen is more coiled than some others. _Cerithiopus convexa_ Cpr. Dark brown. Pl. V. Fig. 14. _Cerithiopus columna_ Cpr. Light brown. Pl. V. Fig. 15. _Turritella mesalia lacteola_ Cpr. Pure white. (No figure.) _Bithium aspera_ Gabb. Brown. Pl. IV. Fig. 7 ×10. _Turbonilla stylina_ Cpr. (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 8 ×10. _Turbonilla costanea_ Cpr. (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 9 ×10. _Anachis subturiata_ Cpr. (?). Pl. IV. Fig. 10 ×10. _Amphissa versicolor_ Dall. Pink, white, brown. Pl. V. Fig. 16 ×6. _Corbila luteola_ Cpr. Small bivalve. _Philobrya setosa_ Cpr. Small bivalve. Pl. V. Fig. 17 ×6. _Acila castrensis_ Hds. Brownish. Pl. V. Fig. 18 ×6. _Carditanera minima_ Dall. Brownish-yellow. Pl. IV. Fig. 11 ×10. _Crassatella marginata_ Cpr. Pl. IV. Fig. 12 ×10. _Lasea rubra_ Mort. Tinged with red. Pl. V. Fig. 19 ×10. _Arca solida_ Br. & Sby. (?). Pl. V. Fig. 20 ×10. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) [Illustration: Plate I] [Illustration: Plate II] [Illustration: Plate III] [Illustration: Plate IV] [Illustration: Plate V] A Reconstruction of the Nervous System of a Nemertian Worm WILLIAM A. HILTON Small specimens of _Carinella cingulata_ Cole were fixed in Mercuric chloride and cut in series. A general hematoxylin stain was very satisfactory for general anatomy. For a study of the finer structure other preparations will be necessary. No attempt will be made to give a complete review of the literature relating to this group. Almost every systematic paper has something, because of the importance of the nervous system in classification and because in many cases the nervous system may be seen through the body-wall without dissection. One of the first extensive accounts of these animals which also included quite a consideration of the nervous system was McIntosh in 1874. Several of the genus Nemestes were studied and the general form of the nervous system shown. Amphipheris is shown in a similar manner with a single lobe of the brain and with the two brain commissures. Tetrastemma is shown in a similar manner. Hubrecht in 1887 has an extensive paper in which the details of several nervous systems are shown as they show in reconstructions from sections. _Eupolia girardi_ is especially well shown with its small dorsal and large ventral commissure and with three brain lobes. It is in this paper that Hubrecht makes his interesting comparison between the nemertians and cordates. In his paper of 1880 he has shown the structure and position of different parts of the nervous system of nemertians, especially of Cerebratulus of which he gives a very good figure. In this he shows a reconstruction of the brain with its chief nerves, ventral and dorsal commissures, general position of the cells, the two lobes of the brain on each side and the chief nerves. He also treats of nemertian nervous systems of many other forms, but not in so much detail. Burger in 1890, '91, has extensive papers on the nervous system of the group. He discusses not only the general form, but also the minute structure of the nervous system of a number of different types. In 1895 Burger has another important paper on this group of animals. In it he shows in some forms a marked dorsal ganglion and a ventral ganglion with the typical nerves. Burger showed that all ganglion cells are unipolar, without membranes. Montgomery, 1897, discusses the minute anatomy of the nerve cells. Coe, 1895 and 1910, considers the general anatomy of the nervous system, but nerve details are for the most part not shown. In a young _Carinella cingulata_ Cole which I have studied by means of reconstructions, I find no unusual features. The nervous system is typical of the group. The brain, however, is not very clearly made up of two lobes on each side. This may be because the specimen used was a young one. This may also be the reason why the brain is not sharply marked off from the lateral nerve cords. Figure 1 shows the brain and part of the lateral cords from the ventral side. From the two halves of the brain come the nerves to forward parts. The small dorsal commissure is shown with its usual median extension. From the larger ventral commissure come the two nerves to the proboscis, lateral to these are the nerves to the intestine, while from the ridge of the lateral cords the lateral nerves are shown. Figure 2 in the larger drawing at the right shows the nervous system as viewed from the side with the dorsal side to the left. The central core of the ganglion and cord is to indicate the position of the fiber area. The small drawings at the left show various levels of the nervous system as seen in cross section. The ventral side is up. The drawing at the top is through the brain before the commissures are reached, the next lower is through the thickest part of the brain and the lower two drawings are through one of the lateral cords. _Burger, O._ 1891 Beitrage zur kenntnis des Nervensystems der Wirbellosen. Neue Unter. über das Nervensystem der Nemertinen. Inst. a. d. Zool. Sta. Neah. 10. _Burger, O._ 1890 Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Nervensystems der Nemertinen. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. Bd. L. ---- 1895 Die Nemertinen. Fauna u. Flora d. Golfes v. Neapel. _Coe, W. R._ 1895 On the Anatomy of a Species of Nemertean (Cerebratulus). Trans. Conn. oc. ix. _Coe, W. R._ 1910 Nemerteans. Haniman Alaska Series, vol. xi. _Delage et Herouard_ 1897 Trait de zoologie concrete. Les vermidinens. Vol. v. Paris. _Haller, B._ 1889 Beitrage zur kenntnis der textur des Central-nervensystems. Heherer Wurmer. Arb. des Zoolog. Inst. Wien. T. viii, Heft. 2. _Hubrecht, A. A. W._ 1887 Relation of the Nemertea to the Vertebrata. Quart. jour. mic. Sc. XXVII. _Hubrecht, A. A. W._ 1880 Zur Anatomy und Physiology des Nervensystems der Nemertinen Nat. Ver. der k. Akad. Decl. xx. ---- 1887 Report on the Nemertia collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Rep. Sc. results H. M. S. Challenger. Zool., vol. xix. _Kemnel, J. V._ 1877 Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nemertinen. Arb. a. d. Zool. Inst. Würzburg IV. _McIntosh, W. C._ 1874 A monograph of British annelids. Part I, Nemertineans. Ray. soc. _Montgomery, T. H., Jr._ 1897 Studies on the elements of the central nervous system of the Heteronemertini. Jour. morph., vol. xxx, No. 3. _Mosley, H. N._ 1875 On Pelagonemertes rollestoni. Ann. mag. nat. hist., vol. xv. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Figure 1. Reconstruction of the nervous system of Carinella shown from the ventral side. Explanation in text. ×75. Figure 2. Figure at the left side view of a reconstruction of the upper portion of the central nervous system of Carinella. The figures at the right are from cross sections taken at various levels. The upper and the two lower figures are from one side only. Further explanations in the text. ×75. [Illustration] [Illustration] =================================================================== The KA Binocular Microscope [Illustration] Is of great value in all biological work where low and medium powers are employed. In embryology the true stereoscopic image shows the relative position of important details. 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The mountains reach an elevation of ten thousand feet within a few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean afford many special advantages for the study of things not in books. Special advantages are afforded by the fact that the college limits its attendance, the freshman class being restricted to two hundred applicants. The success of the college is particularly indicated by the large proportion of the graduates who proceed to advanced work in the large universities. In addition, well-manned departments of music and art afford exceptional advantages. For further information, address Secretary of Pomona College Claremont, California 
48101	----	images made available on The Internet Archive (https://archive.org/). Transcriber Note Text emphasis is denoted as _Italic_ and =Bold=. VOLUME NINE NUMBER ONE ======================================================================== JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY MARCH, 1917 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. ======================================================================== CONTENTS Page Another Record of a Small Whip-Scorpion in California--_M. L. Moles_ 1 Notes on Chalcid Flies, Chiefly From California--_A. A. Girault_ 8 The Rose Flea-Beetle--_G. F. Moznette_ 13 Notes on Birds of Laguna Beach and Vicinity for 1916--_H. H. Nininger_ 20 Solpugids From the Claremont-Laguna Region--_J. Nisbet_ 22 Record of Two Pseudoscorpions From Claremont-Laguna Region--_Winifred T. Moore_ 26 The Central Nervous System of a Sipunculid--_Wm. A. Hilton_ 30 Littoral Ascidians Collected at Laguna Beach 36 Summer School at Laguna Beach 38 Courses Offered at the Summer School of the Laguna Beach Biological Laboratory, 1917 41 ======================================================================== Entered at Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second class matter, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY _Subscription_ $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries. This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions. The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists. Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication. Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about 8 by 11 inches. Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets. Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout. The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript. Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible. An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author. Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost. Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when reduced, that is, 5 by 7½ inches or less. The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases. Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive fifty reprints of their publications free of cost. If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets. Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost. Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles. Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail. Address all communications to The Journal of Entomology and Zoology William A. Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U. S. A. Another Record of a Small Whip Scorpion in California M. L. MOLES In April, 1916, Dr. W. A. Hilton collected some small whip-scorpions in the Pomona College Park at Claremont. These creatures were without eyes and yet they seemed to avoid forceps. They were able to run backwards or forwards with equal ease. On examination it was found that there were long hairs on the legs such as shown in the figure. Other specimens were afterwards found in one of the nearby canyons, and two specimens in the college collection were marked "C. Metz, in the mountains near Claremont." Upon looking through the literature the species was determined to be _Trithyreus pentapeltis_ Cook. In 1899 Dr. Hubbard collected some at Palm Springs under stones in the canyon near the stream. Those which we have found this year were under the dried oak leaves some distance from water. Cook gave the generic name _Hubbardia_ which has not been sustained. The following are the measurements of two types of the twenty or more specimens found. _Measurements_--supposed Male: Length of whole body, 7.5 mm. Length of cephalothorax, 2 mm. Length of abdomen, 3 mm. Length of tail, 2.5 mm. Length of first leg, 8 mm. Length of maxillæ, 1.5 mm. Width of abdomen, 1 mm. Width of cephalothorax, 8 mm. _Measurements_--Supposed Female and Juvenile, Fig. 1: Length of whole body, 4.5 mm. Length of cephalothorax, 1.5 mm. Length of abdomen, 2 mm. Length of tail, 1 mm. Length of first leg, 5.5 mm. Length of maxillæ, 2 mm. Width of cephalothorax, 6 mm. Width of abdomen, 1 mm. _Color of supposed Male_--Cephalothorax and maxillæ, dark reddish brown. Abdomen and legs light yellow brown. _Color of supposed Female and Juvenile_--All parts bright yellow brown. Cephalothorax suboval, upper margin strongly concave at the sides and tapering to a point at the median line. Sides convex at upper edge; lower margin strongly convex. The cephalothorax is strongly chitinized, showing two small oval spots. The small suboval area between the chitinized cephalothorax and the abdomen is soft with five chitinized plates. On the dorsal surface of each abdominal segment are two muscle depressions, while on the ventral surface the fourth, fifth and sixth segments have dark colored plates near the segmental divisions which are used for muscle attachments; besides the two muscle depressions. The book-lungs openings are found on the ventral surface of the first abdominal segment, as is also the epigynum. The caudal appendage of the juvenile and female is made up of three small joints tapering to a blunt end. It is held in an upright position above the abdomen. Cook in his description supposed this form to be a female or juvenile; Krayselin considers it a different species, but upon close study of the rest of the organs of this form it was finally decided that it was a juvenile and probably a female, the supposition being held that the juvenile took the form of the female, as is often the case, until the last few molts. The epigynum of this form was extremely undeveloped, having only a small epigastric furrow with depressions at either end. The caudal appendage of the supposed male is made up of two stout joints to which is attached a heart-shaped body tapering to a blunt apex. This body has deep pits both on the dorsal and ventral sides near the base. On the tibia of the first pair of legs are two long special sensory hairs set in little pits. On the second, third and fourth legs one hair was found, also on the tibia. These hairs are three-fourths as long as the leg. The mouth parts consist of a pair of strong mandibles and labium. The labium is placed between the two coxæ of the maxillæ. The long process of the coxa clothed with its long simple hairs seems to have some performance in the work of the mouth parts. The labium is suboval, clothed thickly with simple short hairs, the upper margin having a single row of long heavy straight hairs with many long single curved hairs covering them. The mandibles are provided with three distinct kinds of hairs or spines. The large subquadrate proximal joint was clothed with long barbed spines, the movable finger having on its median surface a row of fifteen back curved barbed spines. In the space between the movable and stationary finger were long hairs, enlarged in the center and tapering off to a fine point, the tapered portion being barbed. The mandibles are set well down in the sephalothorax. The sexual openings were found in the usual place; the ventral surface of the first abdominal segment, this being enlarged so as to do away with the second abdominal segment. The epigynum consists of a long epigastric furrow with a large lip-like opening near its median line. Just above this opening and on either side were small longitudinal creases. Prof. Dr. Friedrich Dahl places the external sexual organs of this family on the legs and in the Thelyphonidæ which is closely related. They are found in the second joint of the tarsus of the first legs. Careful study failed to find any trace of secondary sexual organs in _Trithyreus pentapeltis_. _Krayselin, Karl_ 1899 Das Tierreich. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. _Cook, O. F._ 1899 Hubbardia, a new genus of Pedipalpi, Entomological Society Proceedings, vol. 3. _Comstock, John Henry_ 1911 The Spider Book, pp. 17-18. _Banks, Nathan_ 1900 Synopsis of North American Invertebrates. Am. Nat. Vol. 34. _Dahl, Dr. Friedrich_ 1913 Vergleichende Physiologie and Morphologie Der Spinnentiere. Jena, Verlang N. G. Fischer. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College._) EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Drawing of the upper side of a young Trithyreus pentapeltis Cook ×10. Fig. 2. Lower or ventral view of T. pentapeltis ×10. Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Various views of the caudal end of an adult T. pentapeltis. Much enlarged. Fig. 6. Labium. Much enlarged. Fig. 7. Maxilla. Much enlarged. Fig. 8. Mandible of Trithyreus. Much enlarged. Fig. 9. One jaw of mandible. Much enlarged. [Illustration: 1] [Illustration: 2] [Illustration: 3] [Illustration: 4] [Illustration: 5] [Illustration: 6] [Illustration: 7] [Illustration: 8] [Illustration: 9] Notes on Chalcid Flies, Chiefly From California A. A. GIRAULT The following descriptions are chiefly from specimens sent by the Department of Zoology of Pomona College. _Eusandalum californicum_ n. sp. _Female_: Similar in every respect to _coquillettii_ Ashmead except as follows: The hyaline cross-stripe between the fuscous cross-stripes of the forewing is distinctly narrower than either fuscous cross-stripe (broader than either in the other); the stylus of the abdomen is a little shorter than the ovipositor valves (their extruded portion), both equal in length in _coquillettii_. Otherwise the same. Antennæ 11-jointed, tapering, the club single and no longer than the pedicel, funicle 1 quadrate, 2 longest, elongate, somewhat compressed, over thrice the length of the pedicel. Types compared. A female from Claremont (C. F. Baker). _Types_: Catalogue No. 20357, U. S. National Museum, the female on a tag, a fore wing antenna and hind leg on a slide. In the U. S. National Museum a female from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, part of the type of _coquillettii_ (now a single female from Los Angeles). _Eusandalum obscurum_ n. sp. The type is one female from Easton, Washington (Kincaid). Catalogue No. 20358, U. S. National Museum, the female on a tag. See table. _Eusandalum alpinum_ n. sp. The type is a part of the type of _coquillettii_ from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California; Catalogue No. 20359, U. S. National Museum, the specimen on a tag. See table. _Eusandalum georgia_ n. sp. One female, pinned, Georgia, Catalogue No. 20369, U. S. National Museum. A second female from Washington, D. C. See table. _Eusandalum arizona_ n. sp. A female, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona (Schwarz), May 27. Catalogue No. 20361, U. S. National Museum, tag. See table. Synopsis of the North American Species of _Eusandalum_. Females. (From the types.) 1. Wings bifasciate, the distal fuscous band at apex. Legs red except the coxae, the antennae wholly concolorous. Ovipositor extruded for over half the length of the abdomen. Scutellum longitudinally lined. Hyaline band of fore wing distinctly narrower than either fuscous band (one on each side of it); stylus a little shorter than the ovipositor. _californicum_ Girault Hyaline band of fore wing somewhat broader than either fuscous stripe; stylus and ovipositor equal. _coquillettii_ Ashmead 2. Wings unifasciate or wholly embrowned or with a large unbroken, fuscous area. Wings wholly infuscated. Scutellum densely punctate like the scutum (in the first species). Propodeum with a lateral sulcus. Ovipositor much extruded. Legs reddish except the coxae and the first and third femora _ventrad_; more slender than usual, the ovipositor about as in _californicum_ but the abdomen is longer, hence the ovipositor is so. Fore wing with a longitudinal white streak caudad of middle. _acmaeoderae_ Rohwer Ovipositor extruded for less than a fourth the length of the abdomen, the stylus subobsolete. Fore wings indefinitely slightly stained; legs reddish except the coxae; scutellum long-lineolated. _obscurum_ Girault Wings infuscated from the bend of the submarginal vein to apex or nearly. Antennæ concolorous (compare _obscurum_). As in _californicum_ but the scutellum finely punctate differs from _acmaeoderae_ in being more robust, the first and third femora are not metallic ventrad, the costal cell is broader, the tip of the fore wing is hyaline for a short distance. _alpinum_ Girault Legs wholly concolorous except the knees and tips of tibiae narrowly and the tarsi; as in the preceding but stylus and ovipositor subequal. _cyaneum_ Ashmead 3. Wings hyaline or subhyaline. Antennæ concolorous except at extreme base. Ovipositor extruded for about half the length of the abdomen, the stylus slightly short. Middle legs except coxae, all knees narrowly, tips of tibiae and the tarsi reddish brown. Postmarginal vein subequal to the stigmal. _hubbardii_ Ashmead Ovipositor extruded for less (or not more) than a third the length of the abdomen, the stylus subequal. Postmarginal vein subequal to the stigmal. Legs reddish except the coxae and cephalic femora and tibiae. Scutellum somewhat more distinctly lineolated longitudinally, punctate. Ovipositor short. _hyalinipenne_ Ashmead Postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal. Legs concolorous except knees, tips of tibiae and the tarsi. Stylus somewhat shorter than the ovipositor which is a third the length of the abdomen. _georgia_ Girault 4. Wings subhyaline. Antennæ with the basal fourth of the cape honey yellow. Postmarginal vein distinctly much longer than the stigmal, twice longer. Ovipositor extruded for nearly half the length of the abdomen, the stylus a little shorter. Legs honey yellow except fore and hind coxae. _arizona_ Girault All the species have the postmarginal vein shorter than the stigmal or no longer, save where noted; the parapsidal furrows are distinct, but very short, joining before the middle of the scutum from cephalad. The club is usually single, the antennae 11-jointed, tapering-filiform. _Dialinus begini_ Crawford One female, Santa Clara County (C. F. Baker). _Elachistus coxalis_ Howard One pair, San Mateo County, California, the male; and Laguna Beach, Southern California, the female (C. F. Baker). The following species is an _Eudecatoma_ (there being no distinct substigmal spot but only a very minute one) but for the present I include this segregate within the older one. _Decatoma subimmaculata_ n. sp. _Female_: Length, 2.00 mm. Of the usual habitus and sculpture, the punctation not coarse. Honey yellow, the wings hyaline, the following black markings: Ocellar dots obscurely, upper margin of occiput (a crescent), median channel nearly to apex and cephalic margin of the propodeum (except laterad); abdominal petiole and the median line of abdomen dorsad narrowly, from just before apex of segment 2 nearly to the apex of segment 4. Abdomen compressed, segments 2, 4 and 5 subequal, longest, the abdomen glabrous, its petiole about twice longer than wide. Propodeum openly rugoso-punctate, the median channel single, distinct, no median basin. Pedicel black above, nearly twice longer than wide, a little longer than funicle 1, the other four funicle joints subequal, subquadrate. Club 2-jointed, the first joint shortest. One female, Claremont, California (C. F. Baker); on oak. _Type_: Catalogue No. 20400, U. S. National Museum, the female on a tag, the antennae and a caudal leg on a slide. Differs from _catesbaei_ Ashmead (types compared), in being larger, the median channel of the propodeum is distinct for its whole length and does not consist principally of two large foreae, the cross-carina passing _profimad_ of it has an area on each side of the meson which runs at first nearly parallel to the channel (the forking) but in the Florida species, this carina continues more or less parallel with the cephalic margin of the propodeum. _Scutellista cyanea_ Mots One female, Claremont, California (C. F. Baker). _Cleonymus californicus_ n. sp. _Female_: Length, 4.00 mm. Dark metallic green, the tegulae, antennae (except the club and pedicel) and the legs (except the concolorous coxae, the apex of caudal femar lateral and the last two pairs of tibiae dorsad more or less), reddish brown, the venation fuscous, the fore wings bifasciate, the first stripe from the base of the marginal vein and broken distad of the middle, the second from the postmarginal vein, obovate in shape, twice the width of the first. The (triangular) head, the thorax and abdomen, scaly punctate, the propodeum and abdomen 2 subglabrous, the distal margins of the abdominal segments glabrous. Propodeum foreolate along the cephatic and caudal margins, and along the median carina on each side, the lateral carina represented by a distinct, curved, foreate sulcus, the spiracle large, subreniform. Scutellum simple. Antennæ inserted near the clypeus, a little below the eyes, 11-jointed, the club pointed ovate, acuminate at apex, embraced by the long projection from one side of the apex of the distal funicle joint which reaches to distal three-fourths of the club. Funicles 1 and 2 narrowest, grading into 3, all subquadrate, 4 longest, a little longer than wide and subequal to the pedicel; 8 wider than long. Postmarginal vein a little longer than the slender, curved stigmal, about a third the length of the marginal. Stigmal vein parallel, in general trend, with the costal margin. Two females, mountains near Claremont (C. F. Baker). _Types_: Catalogue No. 20348, U. S. National Museum, the females on tags, a fore wing and an antennae on a slide. The abdomen is subpetiolate; it was distinctly, quadrately petiolate in a male specimen of _cleonymus depressus_ in the U. S. National Museum. _Entedon occidentalis_ Girault Several specimens, Claremont, California (C. F. Baker). _Isosoma grande_ Riley One winged female, mountains near Claremont, California (C. F. Baker). _Metapleura spectabilis_ Westwood One female, Claremont, California (C. F. Baker). The Rose Flea-Beetle (_Haltica probata_ Fall) G. F. MOZNETTE, ASSISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST, OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, CORVALLIS, OREGON INTRODUCTION From a careful perusal of the literature it is apparent that scarcely anything but the original description of _Haltica probata_ Fall appears in print. As this species has at various times been reported on several of our cultivated plants, and as there is some possibility of its becoming destructive to our cultivated roses, observations have been made from time to time and this paper brings together, so far as possible, the recorded facts concerning the species. HISTORY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES The species was first described by Dr. H. C. Fall in 1910.[A] Mr. Arthur Gibson[B] mentions it as attacking leaves of strawberry plants at Nelson, British Columbia. The species is referred to as _Haltica evicta_ Lec., but after a comparison with specimens in the writer's collection and later in Dr. Fall's collection at Pasadena, California, I am led to believe that the species reported by Mr. Gibson as _evicta_ is not _evicta_ but _probata_. It has been reported from Spokane, Washington, on strawberries, and at various times has been reported feeding on cultivated crops in Oregon. The species is distributed along the Pacific Coast from British Columbia to California. It has been reported from Nelson in British Columbia; Everett and Spokane in Washington; from Corvallis, Pamelia Lake, Mary's Peak, the Three Sisters, and Josephine County in Oregon; and from Santa Rosa, Belmont, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties in California. [Footnote A: Transactions of the American Entomological Society of America, Vol. 36, pp.] [Footnote B: Canadian Entomological Circular No. 2. 152-159.] SEASONAL LIFE-HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE SPECIES With the approach of warm weather in the spring, when the buds of the wild rose are showing their green, the little bronze beetles (Pl. I, Fig. 2) come from their winter quarters, about the middle of April or earlier depending on the spring weather conditions, and commence feeding on the tender small leaves of the expanding buds. The beetles possess a very brilliant lustre and when approached manifest a saltatorial habit, and may leap for a considerable distance. The insect passes the winter in the adult stage and during that time may be found concealed in convenient places. The writer has taken numerous individuals from beneath the moss of the scrub oak, which grows abundantly along the creeks in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. The first individuals were taken on April 11, 1913, feeding on a species of wild rose, _Rosa nukatana_ Presl. near Corvallis, Oregon. The adults were at the time resting in the sun on the dried fruits of the rose and also on the moss which covered the oaks. In 1915, the first beetles were out on March 19 or somewhat earlier. Sometimes the March weather is too severe so that the beetles do not appear until later, and the inclement weather frequently puts a stop to the activity of the beetles and retards oviposition. After emerging from their hibernating quarters, the beetles jump or fly to the nearest rose bush and soon begin to satisfy their appetite after the long winter's fast. At this time the tender bursting rose buds seem to be the favorite food, and the beetles engorge themselves with bites from the prospective crop of leaves, then locked up in the buds. The beetles seem to be most active during the warmer sunshiny portions of the day, when they may be seen jumping and flying about the rose bushes. When touched or jarred, they at once drop quickly to the ground, where they feign death for a short time, later returning to the foliage. Their shining bronze color renders it easy to discover and watch them at their destructive work. They begin gnawing an unsightly hole into either the side or top of the bursting leaf bud, often boring into the bud so far as to be almost hidden from view. It usually takes the beetles a few days to satisfy their vigorous spring appetites; then they turn their attention to the propagation of their kind. The later emerging adults feed voraciously on the foliage (Pl. I, Fig. 5) eating out irregular places in the leaves. Many individuals were found in copulo on April 12, 1913, and on April 14, 1915. Eggs were laid in great numbers April 15, 1913, but not until the first of May in 1915, due to a long stretch of cold wet weather. By May 18 many eggs were to be found but usually no larvae. The eggs are laid in masses (Pl. I, Fig. 3) of from two to fifteen in a cluster with an average of between seven and nine. They are deposited usually on the lower surface of the leaf. No eggs are deposited until the foliage is well along usually, as this is the food of the larvae. The writer observed a female during oviposition. She thrusts out the egg and by a mucilagenous substance causes the egg to adhere fast to the leaf. She decorates the egg, as it were, with a fluid which later turns black and appears as a streak across the ova. The adults do not live long after egg deposition, usually about a week and a half. A number of females were observed to lay from forty to fifty eggs each. The length of the egg stage was found to vary considerably even in the insectary, due no doubt largely to the weather conditions. In indoor observations it ranged from seven to fifteen days, with an average of twelve. In the open, eggs under screen cloth were deposited on May 24, 1913, and hatched June 10, 1913, a duration of seventeen days. By June, 1913, practically all of the egg masses had hatched and scarcely an adult could be found anywhere. The larvae are at first yellow, changing over to a black after a short period of time (Pl. I, Fig. 7). The eggs split at the side when the young emerge and the larvae remain quiet for some time apparently feeding first on the remaining egg juices. After a while they begin to move about for convenient feeding spots. The larvae moult three times, and after each moulting appear yellow, soon changing to a black. Several of the grubs usually work on the same leaf, continuing to eat small irregular holes, through, or nearly through, the leaf until it appears skeletonized (Pl. I, Fig. 7), when they seek new pastures. When full grown the larvae drop to the soil and after burrowing to a depth of about an inch or less, they construct soil cells of earth (Pl. I, Fig. 6), not unlike the cell of the common cherry and pear slug, in which they pupate. By July 3, 1913, many larvae were falling to the soil. The length of the larval stage varies from fifteen to twenty-five days with an average of twenty days. By July 10 many pupae (Pl. I, Fig. 4) were found in the soil. The writer neglected to ascertain the exact length of the pupal stage, but from the meager observations made up to this time ventures the opinion that it is about eighteen days. By the first of August many adults could be found. They are a beautiful metallic color when just emerged. The writer bred from the adults a species of Diptera a _Tachinid_ but has not been able to ascertain the species. Subsequent observation revealed no eggs, so undoubtedly the species is single brooded. The life-cycle is calculated to last about fifty-five days from eggs to adults, but this is greatly influenced by the weather conditions. The length of the adult stage is about ten months, depending, of course, upon the time the warm days approach in the spring and upon the cold stretches which intervene, conditions which influence emergence from their hibernating quarters. DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS STAGES The Eggs (Pl. I, Fig. 3) are of an orange color, oblong oval or bean-shaped. The egg has a delicate covering by which it is attached to the leaf. Nearly every egg has a sort of spine-shape structure attached, although it is not exactly a spine but a part of the egg covering, which, when it has dried, gives it a black streaked appearance at that point. The egg measures 1 mm. in length by .25 mm. in width. The Larvae (Pl. I, Fig. 7) when full grown have the body wider at the anterior end, tapering gradually to the anal segment and covered with many hairs. They are covered with an oily substance in which they often collect their excrement as they feed and travel. The entire larva is black and the segments of the body possess numerous tubercles bearing setae. Each segment of the abdomen has a group of tubercles on a side above the spiracles. When full grown the larvae measure from 6 to 8 mm. in length. The Pupa (Pl. I, Fig. 4) is yellow, 4 to 6 mm. in length, with the wing pads and legs of a paler yellow to nearly white. Two setae are located on the vertex and two on the occupit of head. The prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax bear spines varying in number. The abdomen possesses three rows of setae on each side above the spiracles. The Adult (Pl. I, Fig. 1) is green bronze, entire upper surface polished and strongly shining sculpture throughout, nearly as in _Haltica ignita_. Antennæ piceous, slightly more than half the length of the body, joints 2-3-4 gradually increasing in length, the fourth very nearly three times as long as wide. Eyes rather small and not very prominent, their width as seen from the front distinctly less than half the interocular distance. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, sides parallel in basal half, convergent anteriorly. Elytra fully two-thirds as wide as long, and nearly three-fourths wider than the prothorax. Body beneath piceous; abdomen alutaceous, rather coarsely punctate and transversely rugulose. Length 3.7 mm. to 4 mm. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Figure 1. The adult beetle (greatly enlarged). Figure 2. The adult beetle (natural size). Figure 3. Eggs in situ on leaf greatly enlarged. Figure 4. Pupa greatly enlarged. Figure 5. Rose leaves showing work of adult beetles. Figure 6. Pupal soil cell. Figure 7. Larvae at work skeletonizing leaf. [Illustration] Notes on Birds of Laguna Beach and Vicinity for 1916 H. H. NININGER In addition to the work done by Mr. Leon Gardener and others on the distribution of birds in the vicinity of Laguna Beach I noted the following species in the summer of 1916: 70. _Sturna hirundo_ (Common Tern) This species was found occasionally about the muddy flats at Balboa. 74. _Sturna antillarum_ (Least Tern) The Least Tern is much more common than the former. They were often seen in small flocks diving for fish along the coast from Laguna to Balboa. They probably nest along the sandy shores; but none of their nests were taken by the writer. 95. _Puffinis griseus_ (Dark Bodied Shearwater) These birds were found ten to twelve miles from shore, in flocks feeding over schools of fish. They are called by the fishermen "Barracuda Birds." 210. _Rollus obsoletus_ (Calif. Clapper Rail) Found in the swampy tracts about Balboa. 214. _Porzana carolina_ (Sora Rail) A specimen of this Rail was taken at one of the lakes in Laguna Canyon in the latter part of July. 421. _Chordeiles acutipennis_ (Texas Night Hawk) Either at dusk or at dawn these birds could be found abundantly, in certain localities, feeding over fields, pools and streams to which they came at dusk, from the hills where they spent the daylight hours. Mr. C. C. White found a pair of young almost ready for flight on one of the hills bordering on Laguna Canyon, July 7, 1916. 425. _Aeronautes melanoleucus_ (White-throated Swift) Mr. Charles A. Keeler in "Bird Notes Afield" (1889) records this species from Capistrano. To one accustomed to meeting with this bird only among the high and almost inaccessible cliffs of the mountains it is no little surprise to find it in a district so nearly level as the region about this old mission settlement. But surely it is there. A visit to the place in the latter part of July revealed the fact that they are, seventeen years since Mr. Keeler's writings, still using the same broken walls as a retreat. I think they are nesting at the time we visited the place, for upon the entrance of an adult into one of the crevices there came cries of young birds which seemed to be coming from birds that were being fed. 530a. _Astragalinus P. hesperophilus_ (Green-backed Goldfinch) Common around Laguna and the neighboring hills. Nests with eggs were found, probably the second brood for the season. 634. _Vireo vicinior_ (Gray Vireo) Found along the streams near Capistrano. 685a. _Wilsonia pusilla pileolata_ (Pileolated Warbler) Fairly common in trees along streams near Capistrano. 364. _Pandion haliaetus carolinensis_ (American Osprey) One of these magnificent birds was found on the rocky cliffs bordering the shore between Laguna and Balboa. It was seen several times and was reasonably tame. BREEDING NOTES In addition to the nests of the more common birds the following were noted: Several Raven nests on the cliffs bordering the shore and are in Boat Canyon about a mile from the sea were found deserted, but feathers of their owners and the remains of their food betrayed their identity. A brood of Ruddy Ducks was seen on one of the lakes in Laguna Canyon several times. Coots were found breeding about the lakes in abundance. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Solpugids From the Claremont-Laguna Region J. NISBET The following list of solpugids represents a collection obtained by students and others during the past four or five years. Drawings are given of one large specimen and top and side views of the head region of several others. The determinations are by Dr. N. Banks. _Eremobates formicaria_ Koch This species has been taken from our region although such large specimens have been reported only from dryer regions. This specimen, a male is from Brawley, Cal. (Figs. 1 and 2). Figs. 3 and 4 were taken from a young specimen collected at Claremont. The movable finger of the cheliceræ of the male has two large teeth. Anterior margin of rephalothorix straight. Hind tarsi one segment. _Eremobates californica_ Sim. The drawings are from a specimen taken at Laguna Beach (Figs. 5 and 6). Specimens were also taken at Claremont. Movable finger of the cheliceræ with a large tooth. This is not so marked in the female. Hind tarsi one segment. _Hemerotrecha californica_ Banks Specimens were obtained at Claremont. Upper finger of cheliceræ without teeth or many small teeth. Male has an elongated flayellow of two parts on the upper finger of chalicera. Hind tarsi with three joints. Specimens obtained were about evenly divided between this and the previous species (Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10). (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figure 1. _Eremobates formicaria_ Koch. ×2. Figure 2. _Eremobates formicaria_ Koch, side view of cheliceræ. ×2. Figures 3-4. Cheliceræ from young _E. formicaria_. ×2. Figures 5-6. Cheliceræ from _E. californica_ Sim. ×2. Figures 7-8. Cheliceræ from _Hemerotrecha californica_ Banks, views of the cheliceræ. ×2. Figures 9-10. _H. californica_ views of cheliceræ, another specimen. ×2. [Illustration: 1] [Illustration: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] Record of Two Pseudoscorpions From Claremont-Laguna Region WINIFRED T. MOORE _Garypus Californicus_ Banks Description: Fig. 1. Length 5 mm. Color: Cephalothorax and pedipalps dark brown, abdomen and legs light yellow; each abdominal scutae with a dark central spot; anterior ventral scutae also with dark spots. Cephalothorax emarginate; four eyes; femur of pedipalps longer than cephalothorax, tibia hardly convex on inner side, hand about as long as tibia, fingers longer than hand; legs long and slender. Habitat: Specimen found under rocks near ocean at Laguna Beach, collected by Walter Sturgis. _Chelanops pallipes_ Banks Description: Fig. 2. Length 2 mm. including mandibles. Color: Cephalothorax light reddish brown, pedipalps darker, abdomen and legs pale yellow. Similar to C. dorsalis, but fingers a little longer than hand; no eye spots, clavate hairs found on all parts of two types, on legs and pedipalps more clavate on one side (Fig. 3) on body evening clavate (Fig. 4). Simple hairs found on under surface of tarsus. All parts covered with small chiton plates. Habitat: Specimens taken from under stones in wash near Claremont. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figure 1. _Garypus Californicus._ ×20. Figure 2. _Chelanops pallipes._ ×20. Figure 3. Hair from legs and pedipalps of _C. pallipes_ much enlarged. Figure 4. Hair from body of _C. pallipes_ much enlarged. [Illustration: 1] [Illustration: 2] [Illustration: 3] [Illustration: 4] The Central Nervous System of a Sipunculid WILLIAM A. HILTON A number of specimens of the genus Phascolosoma were obtained at Laguna Beach. These were preserved in various fluids. Flemming's fluid and mercuric chloride, were especially valuable for study. The nerve cords were dissected out and mounted after staining. Some were imbedded, sectioned and stained. The stain which brought out the cells with greatest clearness was copper haematoxylin. The general character of the nervous system of sipunculids is well known, and the specimens examined at this time were typical as to the form of the brain and cord. The brain is imbedded in the proboscis just below the tentacles. It has a similar appearance in section to the photographs of Spengel, 1912. The brain is small. Two main branches supply nearby tentacles and muscles. There is a pair of small branches from the connectives. Extending from the epithelium of the tentacular region is a pair of tubes leading into the brain, the cerebral organs. These epithelial tubes lead to a pigmented area on each side, and these pigmented areas in section look like simple eyes. A few irregular spots of pigment were found near the larger masses. The epithelium at the outer end of the tube was also deeply pigmented. Throughout the body the ventral nerve cord kept about the same width, although the muscle bands at the sides increased somewhat. The strands connecting the muscles and nerves to the animal's body were more or less regularly arranged. In specimens with the proboscis drawn in, the nerve cord is of course doubled back on itself. In the specimen drawn at the junction of the two parts, that of the proboscis and that of the ventral body-wall, there is a lack of lateral branches, as shown in the upper portion of the second line of the drawing. Towards the caudal end the lateral branches come off more irregularly. When the animal is contracted the nerve cord seems to be segmented, but sections show that this appearance is due to the slight folding of the nerve cord within the muscle bands; the nerve tissue does not seem to be elastic. Very little has been written on the histological structure of sipunculids. Haller, 1889, discusses a number of points, especially in _sipunculus nudus_, relating to the ventral cord only. I find a number of differences in this form. I did not find any very clear evidence of special neuroglia cells, such as described and figured by Haller, such elements may be present, but at least they are not evident, not so evident as in many other invertebrates which I have examined. Nerve cells may anastomose with each other as shown in Haller's figure, but of this I can not be sure. If fibres do not unite they are in very intimate contact. In the ventral cord no small fibrils were seen only rather small fibers which may have been fibrils. The lack of connective material in part at least, perhaps because the nervous system is often extended and folded, shows the cell processes with great distinctness. This may be why a clearer picture than usual is presented of the relationship of cells. Cells are abundant on the ventral side of the cord, especially in the middle line. The more dorsal fibrous region is practically without cells of any kind. No very marked tracts of fibers are evident, the fibers are about equally distributed in all directions and may be subdivided as follows: 1. Fibers which enter the fibrous mass from cells and run short distances up and down. 2. Fibers which pass from cells to other cells near by in the cellular area. 3. Fibers which leave the ganglion laterally from ventral cells. 4. Fibers which enter from the lateral nerves to end in the fiber area or in among the cells. There are no indications of long fibers, either ascending or descending. After the examination of the cord of this animal one is impressed with the suggestion that many cells of similar sort act alike, that is groups of cells, not individuals are involved in the simplest transmissions of impulses. This general suggestion which, of course, is not new, comes to mind with great clearness after the study of thin sections of the cord of this animal. Whether the cells actually anastomose or not is a question hard to decide, but in the numerous contacts of naked fibers there is, I believe, ample opportunity for the transmission of complex changes from cell to cell, to all parts of the nervous system. In this form there is no particular localization of definite centers. The brain differs in structure from the cord, the central fibrous mass is more dense, the cells are very much smaller and more numerous. Some cells of the brain send their fibers out directly without the common pathway of a distinct nerve trunk. No special features of the brain were determined except the cerebral organs already described. _Andreae_ 1882 Beitrag zur Anatomie und Histologie des Sipunculus nudus. Zeit. f. Wiss. Zool. t. xxxvi. _Andrews, E. A._ 1887 Notes on the anatomy of Sipunculus gouldii Pourt. Studies Biol. Lab. J. H. univ. vol. iv. _Delage et Herouard_ 1897 Traite de zoologique concrete. Les vermidiens. vol. v. Paris. _Haller, B._ 1889 Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Textur des Central nervensystem Hoherer Wurmer. Arb. des Zoolog. Inst. Wien Tom. viii. Heft 2. _Marcel, A. Herubel_ 1907 Recherches sur Sipunculides. Chap. iv. Le system nerveux. Mem. soc. d. France. t. xx. _Melalnikoff, S._ 1900 Zeit. Wiss. Zool. Bd. lxviii. _Herubel, A._ 1902 Sur le cerveux du Phascolosome. Ac. d. Paris, cxxiv. _Spengel, J. W._ 1912 Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gephyren. Zeit. Wiss. Zool. Bd. xxxiv. _Ward, H. B._ 1891 Some points on the anatomy and history of Sipunculus nudus. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) EXPLANATION OF FIGURES Figure 1. Central nervous system of Phascolosoma ×15. The cord is shown in three separate pieces. The lower end of the first or left-hand drawing should join with the second and so on. The central nerve band is shown with the lateral branches of muscle and nerve. The brain is shown attached to the first segment at the left. The pigment spots, cerebral tubes and chief nerves are shown. The brain is drawn from reconstructions made from serial sections. Figure 2. Cross section of the nerve cord. ×75. Figure 3. Longitudinal section of the nerve cord. ×75. Figures 4 to 6. Drawings of sections taken through the brain at various levels, only one-half is shown in each case. ×75. [Illustration: 1] [Illustration: 2] [Illustration: 3] [Illustration: 4] [Illustration: 5] [Illustration: 6] Littoral Ascidians Collected at Laguna Beach The specimens reported upon are from a collection made by P. A. Lichti during the summer of 1915, and from a small collection brought in during the summer of 1916. The determinations of all but the fifth were kindly made by Prof. W. E. Ritter. _Ascidia californica_ Ritter and Forsythe These simple forms were found quite abundantly under stones and in kelp holdfasts. The form of the body was determined largely by the position the animal took on the stone or seaweed. _Styela barnharti_ Ritter and Forsythe The specimens obtained were young, simple, of a redish-brown color and about 4 mm. high. They were found under stones at low tide but not as commonly as some others. _Styla montereyensis_ Dall A single specimen of this large, simple species was taken just off shore. It was slender at the base, expanded near the openings and of a redish-brown color. _Euherdmania claviformis_ Ritter This slender species was often found in clusters under stones. They were about 2 mm. in diameter and 10-20 mm. long, sometimes free from sand, at other times covered with sand grains. _Goodsiria dura_ Ritter Bright red or orange masses of these were often found in bits of seaweed from deeper water. The individuals were 2 to 3 mm. across and often closely massed on the seaweed or other support. _Eudistoma diaphones_ Ritter and Forsythe This was the common compound species found closely attached to the lower sides of stones. It was often quite extensive but not thick or colored. _Eudistoma psamion_ Ritter and Forsythe Great masses of this tough, pinkish or slightly colored form were found under rock ledges. It resembles one of the sponges in general appearance and is found in among sponges and polyzoans. This was one of the most bulky forms which we found. _Glossophorum planum_ Ritter and Forsythe Irregular masses of this species were found under rock ledges and under stones. Our specimens are largely covered with sand grains. _Distaplia occidentalis_ Ritter and Forsythe This compound stalked form was found on a rock ledge at low tide near Salt Creek. W. A. H. (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) Summer School at Laguna Beach The summer school at Laguna Beach during the past season was in many respects the most valuable of the past five or six years. There were more students, more teachers and fully as many visitors. The harvest of specimens was very satisfactory. Many creatures not before gathered here were brought from the nearby waters. Amphioxus was obtained here for the first time, as well as many other interesting and valuable specimens. [Illustration] Several new courses were offered. A course in Ecology was given by Professor Bean. In this the local distribution of animals was especially studied. A similar course is to be offered this summer to those who have had some zoology. It is believed that this work will bring greater and greater advantages to us here as we come to know the local conditions better. In the nature of the material this will always be to a large extent a field study. The course in birds given by Professor Nininger was interesting and valuable. A number of new records for this region were obtained during the summer. [Illustration] For the first time Miss Hills gave a course in drawing in connection with zoological subjects. This much-needed and valuable work will be continued during the coming summer, not only in a special course, but also in an optional way in connection with several of the other courses. [Illustration] In connection with the ecology especially, more off-shore collecting was done than ever before. A number of longer trips were found interesting and valuable. Laguna at all times offers attractive walks and many short trips were taken by all classes. Some of these were for a few miles along the coast, back in the hills or by water or land for a considerable distance. The rocks and coves were again explored, yet much remains unknown. Many new specimens to the locality were found, some of these were from deeper water, rare fish, large sea cucumbers, a large number of strange crabs and many other smaller but no less interesting creatures. As in the past, a number of workers from other institutions used the private laboratories. The eight research rooms were in use most of the time by those doing more advanced work. It is expected that there will be a number of advanced workers from the northern and eastern universities during the coming season. For the first time the laboratory is provided with a satisfactory lighting system. Electricity is now established at Laguna Beach and the laboratory and tent city are well provided with an ample lighting system. The tent city and dining hall will again offer accommodations at reasonable prices. The cost of tuition is $7.50 general charge and $3.00 an hour per hour taken. By an hour is meant the equivalent of an hour's work in a regular college semester. There are eight private rooms for special investigators. For further information write to the Director, William A. Hilton, Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. (Laguna Beach, Cal., from June 26 to September 20.) Courses Offered at the Summer School of the Laguna Beach Biological Laboratory 1917 To reach Laguna Beach from Los Angeles take the electric or Santa Fe to Santa Ana. From Santa Ana a morning stage leaves at ten, an afternoon stage at four. Work begins June 27 and regular courses last six weeks, but the laboratory is open all summer. No one may register for more than six hours. By an hour is included the equivalent of an hour's work during a regular college semester. The staff of the Laguna Marine Laboratory for the summer will be as follows, several others from eastern institutions may be added later. William A. Hilton, Pomona College, Director _Zoology_ Dr. R. V. Chamberlin, Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology _Zoology_ E. O. Essig, Department of Entomology University of California _Entomology_ Anna A. Hills _Scientific Drawing_ 1. S. B. 11. Zoology (2 hours). A synopsis of marine invertebrates. Lectures and class exercises with early morning field trips. Prerequisite Biology A1, or open to those who are taking some other biological work. M. to F. at 8. 1a. S. B. 11. Zoology. Marine invertebrates (1 hour if taken with 1, or 2 hours). Laboratory on typical local forms. Mornings 9 to 12, except Saturday. 2. S. B. 18. General Entomology (2 to 3 hours). Class laboratory and field work in the general study of local insects. Prerequisite Biology A1, or Zoology B11, or may be accompanied by one of these. Class period M. to F. at 11. Laboratory and field work at hours to be arranged. 3. S. A1. General Biology (3 hours). A beginning course dealing with general principles. Open to those who have had no biological work and who have either entered college or are about to enter. Class periods M. to F. at 11. Laboratory and field work afternoons. 4. S. C. 4. Ecology (2 or 3 hours). Class, field and laboratory work at hours to be arranged. A study of local land and aquatic societies and the factors governing the distribution of marine, fresh water and land forms. Prerequisite, a year of biological work. Class periods M. W. F. at 1. 5. S. C. 5. Nature Study (2 or 3 hours). Methods and materials for nature study. This will be given in the evening when a lantern may be used. A general view of the whole field will be given either for those who are teaching, those who intend to teach, or those who desire the general not technical information. This is not a course for college credit. M. to F. evening at 7:30. Laboratory and field work to be arranged. This will be given by a number of teachers. 7. S. D. 7. Mammalian Embryology (2 hours). Laboratory work with serial sections of embryos. Prerequisite two years of zoological work. A review course for those in the practice of medicine or preparing for medical work. Hours to be arranged. 8. S. D. 8. Neurology (2 or 3 hours). Laboratory work with sections of the human brain and cord. A review course open only to those who have some knowledge of the central nervous system of vertebrates. Especially designed for those who have interest in Neurology, Psychology or Medicine. In addition to these courses special C. or D. work for 2 or 3 hours may be taken as follows: _a._ Special field and laboratory work with some group of marine animals, such as amphipods, isopods, decapods, gastropods, etc. _b._ Special field and laboratory work in Entomology, either with some single order or family, or life history work. _c._ Special field and laboratory work in the embryology of invertebrates. _d._ Special field and laboratory work in Ecology. Hours to be arranged. _e._ Special field and laboratory work in marine algæ. Hours to be arranged. The following work in art will be offered by Miss Anna A. Hills: 1. S. A1. Art (2 hours) zoological drawing. A beginning course for students of Biology with marine and land specimens as material. This course will be an aid to any who may wish to prepare illustrations for scientific papers or books. Pen and ink, pencil and colored methods will be given. Tuition the same as in other courses. Students furnish their own drawing materials. 2. Outdoor sketch class with either water colors or oils--oils preferred. 3. Outdoor figure work. Especially arranged for if desired by those who have done out-of-door work. Rates for two and three, 75 cents per hour. Each should be taken in three periods of three hours each. Miss Hills has had the following preparation: Student in Olivet College, Art Institute, Chicago; Graduate of Cooper Union, New York City; special work under Rhoda Holmes Nicholls and Arthur W. Dow, New York. During four years study in Europe worked under Wilhelmina H. de Koning in Holland, Jean Paul Laurens and William Lappara in Julian's Academy, Paris, and in England two years out of doors under J. Noble Barlow. =================================================================== Supply Department Laguna Marine Laboratory LAGUNA BEACH, ORANGE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA ZOOLOGICAL SPECIMENS FOR CLASS AND MUSEUM MARINE AND FRESH WATER FORMS DETERMINED INSECTS FOR SCHOOL COLLECTIONS MICROSCOPIC PREPARATIONS OF ALL SORTS, BOTH WHOLE MOUNTS AND SECTIONS ZOOLOGICAL CHARTS IN COLORS ANATOMICAL MODELS AND DISSECTIONS All orders for material should be sent in not later than August 1st ATTENTION GIVEN TO SPECIAL MATERIAL From September 15th to June 20th, address Department Zoology, Pomona College, Claremont, California. From June 20th until September 15th, address Supply Department LAGUNA MARINE LABORATORY Laguna Beach, California =================================================================== Living protozoa, hydroids, planarians, rotifers, frogs, lizards and salamanders may be furnished if time is given. Enough for a class of twelve of any one of the first four, $1.00. Frogs, lizards and salamanders may be furnished at from $1.00 to $3.00 a dozen. Towings from the ocean, per bottle $ .25 Simple sponges, per dozen .50 Other sponges, per dozen .75 Small hydroids, per vial .75 Large tubularian hydroids, per dozen .75 to 1.00 Fresh water planarians, per dozen .25 Salt water planarians, per dozen .50 Small round worms, per dozen .25 Sipunculid worms, per dozen .75 Marine annelids, per dozen .75 to 1.00 Leeches, per dozen .75 Polyzoa, per bottle .25 Starfish, small to large, per dozen .50 to 1.50 Sea urchins, per dozen .75 to 1.00 Sea cucumbers, large, per dozen 3.00 Synapta, per dozen 1.00 Serpent stars, small to large, per dozen .75 to 2.00 Mussels, medium to large, per dozen .75 to 1.50 Pectens or cockles, per dozen .75 to 1.50 Snails, small, per dozen .50 Sea hares, per dozen 2.00 Salt Water Snails, large, per dozen 1.00 Limpets, large, per dozen .75 Land slugs, per dozen .75 Chitons, medium sized, per dozen .75 Chitons, large, per dozen 1.50 Barnacles, large, per dozen 1.00 Shore crabs, per dozen .75 Rock crabs, large, per dozen 1.50 Small lobster-like forms, per dozen .75 to 1.50 Ascidians, simple or compound .75 Amphioxus, medium to large, each .25 to .50 Small fish, per dozen .50 to 1.50 Devilfish or octopus, each .75 to 3.00 =================================================================== Eggs or young crabs, lobsters, starfish, etc., can be furnished either mounted and stained for microscopic examination or in bottles. Amphipods, isopods, etc., can be furnished at any time. The following land animals can be furnished at from 25c to $1.00 a dozen preserved in alcohol or formalin. Spiders, phalangids, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, dragon and damsel fly larvæ, aquatic beetle larvæ, grasshoppers, crickets, termites, bugs, beetles, etc. DETERMINED COLLECTIONS OF MARINE SHELLS A set of fifty species $5.00 DETERMINED MARINE CRUSTACEA A set of forty species $8.00 DETERMINED MARINE INVERTEBRATES A set of local starfish, sea urchins, etc. $5.00 DETERMINED AND MOUNTED INSECTS A set of all the important orders, labeled and in a box or case $6.00 A mounted collection of fifty common beetles, determined and labeled 6.00 A set of 25 butterflys, mounted and labeled 6.00 Other sets of determined insects may be obtained to order. ZOOLOGICAL CHARTS These are made on cloth and may be made to order. The charts may be in colors and cost from $1.00 to $3.00 each, according to the details. Special prices given on Anatomical, Physiological, Zoological or Entomological diagrams in one or several colors. ZOOLOGICAL OR ANATOMICAL MODELS IN CLAY OR WAX AND IN COLORS These also may be made to order, their cost depends upon the complexity. The following are some of the series: Brains of the chief vertebrate groups, set of six $5.00 to $10.00 Anatomy of clam, earthworm, starfish 10.00 Models of the development of the frog 5.00 Models of the development of the chick, etc. (OVER) =================================================================== ZOOLOGICAL OR HISTOLOGICAL MICROSCOPIC SLIDES Sections of starfish, whole small starfish, young crustacea, etc., sections of organs for classes in Physiology. These slides will be made to order from any animal or any tissue for from 25 cents to 75 cents a slide with reduction in price for sets of twelve or more. Serial sections of embryos of mammals, reptiles, birds, fish or invertebrate embryos or adults will be made to order at from 25 cents to 75 cents a slide, depending upon the stain and character of the object. Prices include preservatives and containers in most cases. =================================================================== The KA Binocular Microscope [Illustration] Is of great value in all biological work where low and medium powers are employed. In embryology the true stereoscopic image shows the relative position of important details. This feature is of great assistance to the student and makes the instructor's work easy. _Write for booklet_ Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. of California 154 Sutter St., San Francisco, Cal. =================================================================== _The_ Journal _of_ Zoological Research _Edited by_ _WALTER E. COLLINGE, M. Sc., F. L. S., F. E. S._ _The Gatty Marine Laboratory_ _The University, St. Andrews, Scotland_ The subject matter is strictly confined to original zoological research--systematic and anatomical. Fully illustrated by lithographic plates and text figures. Each volume will consist of 4 parts, price $5. _All subscriptions should be forwarded to_ Messrs. Dulau & Co., Ltd. 37 Soho Square, London, W., England --------------------------- GRIFFITH Incubators [Illustration] A simple, well constructed bacteriological incubator --------------------------- The Journal of Parasitology A Quarterly devoted to Medical Zoology This journal will be a medium for the prompt publication of briefer papers and research notes on animal parasites. Emphasis laid on the morphology, life history and biology of zooparasites and the relations of animals to disease. Subscription, $2.00 a volume Managing Editor, HENRY B. WARD, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, Ill. =================================================================== =GAGE--The Microscope= An Introduction to Microscopic Methods and to Histology By SIMON H. GAGE. Twelfth edition in press. Entirely rewritten, and with many new illustrations. Price $2.00. This work aims to give help to everyone who uses the microscope, whether he is a beginner or an advanced worker. =COMSTOCK--A Manual for the Study of Insects= By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology in Cornell University, and ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK, member of the Society of American Wood-Engravers. 8vo. cloth, IX. + 701 pages, 797 figures in the text, and six full page plates. Nearly all of the figures were engraved especially for this work. Postpaid $4.07; net $3.75. This handbook is designed to meet the needs of teachers in the public schools and of students in high schools and colleges. =NEEDHAM--General Biology= A book of outlines and practical studies for the general student By JAMES G. NEEDHAM, Professor of Limnology and General Biology in Cornell University. Cloth 8vo. XIV. + 542 pages; 288 figures, mostly original. Postpaid $2.00. This book is expressly designed to help the general student obtain a comprehensive grasp of the principles of biology. =COMSTOCK--Handbook of Nature-Study= By ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK, Lecturer in Nature-Study in Cornell University. Cloth 8vo. XVIII. + 938 pages, more than 1,000 illustrations. Prices, postpaid: Bound in one volume, $3.65; bound in two volumes, $4.50; Volume I., including Animal Life, $2.25; Volume II., including Plant Life, $2.25. Sample pages sent on application. A handbook of Nature-Study for teachers and parents, based on the Cornell Nature-Study Leaflets, with much additional material and many new illustrations. =GAGE--Optic Projection= By SIMON HENRY GAGE, Professor Emeritus of Histology and Embryology in Cornell University, and Henry Phelps Gage, Ph. D. This work of over 700 pages and with over 400 figures is of especial interest to workers in all fields of Biology in that it deals especially with the use of the Projection Microscope for demonstrations and for drawing. It also gives the fundamental principles of all the forms of projection. A 16-page circular will be sent on request. Postpaid, $3.00. =RILEY--Handbook of Medical Entomology= By WM. A. RILEY, Ph. D., Professor of Insect Morphology and Parasitology in Cornell University and O. A. JOHANNSEN, Ph. D., Professor of Biology in Cornell University. A concise account of poisonous, and disease-carrying insects and their allies, including descriptions and illustrations of the principal species, with keys for their determination, and method of control. Bound Library Buckram, medium 8vo. Nearly 375 pages. Price $2.00 net. The Comstock Publishing Company Cornell Heights, Ithaca, N. Y. =================================================================== Choice Mineral Specimens It affords this establishment pleasure to state that though we are over fifty years old we are still seeking with youthful energy new finds of choice mineral specimens. A few of our recent additions will show from what widely distributed areas we draw: =Japan=: =Chalcopyrite= in groups of sharp crystals, some of them beautifully iridescent. =Stibnite=, brilliant crystals, 5 to 8 inches long. =Hokutolite=, a new radio-active barium-lead silicate. =Reinite=, in large, sharp crystals. =Quartz Twins=, fine, large crystals. =Rhodesia=: =Malachite=, beautiful polished specimens showing concentric banding. =Hopeite=, in small groups of excellent crystals. =Madagascar=: =Betafite=, a new uranium niobate, in good crystals. =Euxenite=, good crystals. =Beryl=, in large brown crystals with pyramidal faces. =California=: =Tourmaline=, polished transverse sections of large crystals of rich red and green colors. =Kunzite=, superb gem crystals. =Benitoite= and =Neptunite= in fine crystals and groups. =Greenockite= on =Magnetite=, uncommonly good. =Utah=: =Willemite=, drusy masses of colorless and red crystals. =Aurichalcite=, singularly beautiful robin's-egg blue, crystallized coatings. =Nova Scotia=: =Magnesite= in groups of small distinct hexagonal crystals. New lots of fine specimens are constantly arriving. Ask for price-list No. 160. Cheap minerals are described in No. 158. Circular No. 170 enumerates all of our many catalogues and price-lists. Ward's Natural Science Establishment 84-102 College Avenue Rochester, N. Y. =================================================================== Entomological News A forty-eight page illustrated magazine, published monthly except August and September, devoted to the study of INSECT LIFE. It contains a list of the titles of the current Entomological Literature, and also articles by the leading Entomologists in the United States and Canada. Valuable information for the beginner, the economic entomologist and the systematist. To new subscribers, $1.90; Renewals, $2.00; payable in advance. Single copies 25 cents. Address ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. =================================================================== CLASS WORK MATERIAL CAN BE PROCURED AT ANY TIME OF THE YEAR FROM C. S. BRIMLEY, Zoologist 1135 Newberne Avenue RALEIGH, N. C., U. S. A. Twenty-one years' experience Price List on Application =================================================================== To Entomologists I can supply Entomologists with all orders of insects from all parts of the world, as I am continually receiving fresh consignments from my own collectors. General lists of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera on application; also special lists of Sphingidæ, over 300 species, of Pieridæ in papers, over 100 species. Collections just received from Natal, Madagascar, Peru, Ivory Coast, French Guiana, Java and Argentine; selections of these at low rates. Particulars on application. E. LE MOULT 4 Rue Duméril, Paris XIII, France =================================================================== Do Business by Mail It's profitable, with accurate lists of prospects. Our catalogue contains vital information on Mail Advertising. Also prices and quantity on 6,000 national mailing lists, 99% guaranteed. Such as: War Material Mfrs. Axle Grease Mfrs. Cheese Box Mfrs. Railroad Employees Shoe Retailers Contractors Tin Can Mfrs. Fly Paper Mfrs. Druggists Foundries Auto Owners Farmers Wealthy Men Fish Hook Mfrs. Ice Mfrs. Feather Duster Mfrs. Doctors Hotels Write for this valuable reference book. Ross-Gould, 1027H Olive Street, St. Louis. Ross-Gould Mailing Lists St. Louis =================================================================== Pomona College Located in one of the most healthful and beautiful parts of the west coast. The mountains reach an elevation of ten thousand feet within a few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean afford many special advantages for the study of things not in books. Special advantages are afforded by the fact that the college limits its attendance, the freshman class being restricted to two hundred applicants. The success of the college is particularly indicated by the large proportion of the graduates who proceed to advanced work in the large universities. In addition, well-manned departments of music and art afford exceptional advantages. For further information, address Secretary of Pomona College Claremont, California Transcriber Note The use of ligatures was standardized within each article. In the first article about Whip-Scorpions, the genus and species names were standardized to _Trithyreus pentapeltis_ Cook.